Plate 137Larger plate.
Larger plate.
(See alsop. 124.)
2327. Parallel motionfor an indicator pencil.
2328. Parallel motion beam engine,with rocking link beam centres.
2329. Parallel moving swinging bracketfor gas, &c.
2330. Parallel motion.
2331. Parallel moving slides,hammers, or other devices.
(See alsop. 124.)
2332. Quadruple-acting pumpwith two pistons, one attached to a rod the other to a sleeve worked by leverAand linksB B.
2333. Variable delivery single-acting pumps;the eccentrics can be shifted round the shaft 180° by a sleeve and pin motion similar toNo. 2467. When the eccentrics are opposite each other the pump does not deliver any water, but when the eccentrics are side by side the pump delivers the full contents of both rams. There is one suction and one delivery valve.
2334. Screw pumpfor applying heavy pressure to a ram; sometimes used as an adjunct to give the final heavy pressure to an hydraulic press after the pumps have forced the ram as far as their power permits.
2335. Duplex-action pump,in which both piston and cylinder move in opposite directions, but the gear may be applied to two pistons in one pump (fixed), asNo. 2332.
2336. French pump,with bucket pistons, maintains a direct flow without reversing or check.
Plate 138Larger plate.
Larger plate.
2337. Oke’s patent sewage pump,simple and accessible, three valves.
Slide valves or piston valvesare occasionally used to distribute the water in pumps, but must have no lap or lead, and be accurately adjusted.
Air vesselsare used on the delivery side of a pump to cushion the discharge of water and prevent concussion, water being incompressible. They are also sometimes useful on the suction side, where the lift is considerable. A piston and spring may be employed instead of an air vessel. SeeNo. 2121.
Pumps required to run constantly,but deliver water intermittently only, are worked (a) by an air valve on the suction side which, when open, stops the water suction; (b) by a pass valve between suction and delivery which, when open, passes the delivery into the suction again; and (c) by a waste valve on the delivery.
(See alsop. 128.)
2338. Boiler tube,internally ribbed. Serve’s patent.
2339. Boiler tube flue,corrugated, to add to its strength and heating surface. Fox’s patent.
2340. Pipe joint,with toggle clips.
2341. Pipe flange,with caulking groove.
Flexible tubes,metallic, are now manufactured by the Flexible Metallic Tubing Co. in most metals, including steel, and in various strengths and with various degrees of flexibility, from that of plain rubber to such stiffness as requires a little force to bend it. These tubes are perfectly air-tight, and will stand great pressures.
Wire rope transmission; Telpher gear.SeeSection 66.
(See alsop. 132.)
2342. Piston ring jointlapped and scarfed.
2343. Intermediate stuffing-boxand sleeve for high and low pressure cylinders.
2344. Dished steel piston.
2345. Bucket piston,with valve and bridle and leather packing.
2346. Stuffing-box,with screwed cap gland.
2347. Piston leatherfor cold water.
2348to2352. Piston ring joints.
2353. Double cone jointfor a swivelling fitting for steam or water. The joints are ground in like a mushroom valve.
2354. Pipe connection,with rubber disc joint, for moderate pressures.
Swivel pipe joint.SeeNo. 2303.
Plate 139Larger plate.
Larger plate.
2355. Collar packingfor a valve spindle, where the pressure tends to compress the packing.
2356. Piston with twoLsection rings,expanded both vertically and radially by a spiral spring. This makes a tight joint with the cylinder and also with the junk ring.
2357. Adjustable pistonor piston valve. F. H. Richards’ patent, U.S.A.
2358. Rubber expanding plug.
2359. Gas engine piston,with three rings and junk rings between them.
2360&2361. Valve spindle jointswithout packing or stuffing-boxes, kept tight by cone seatings and set screws.
2362. Piston (spring) ring joint,with glut.
(See alsop. 134.)
2363. Steam and air jetapplied to propel a vessel.
(See alsop. 136.)
2364. Compound weight motor,with limited fall. Several weights may be used as shown, slightly decreasing in weight towards the motor. When weightDhas run down,Cwill begin to fall, and go on till all the weights have run down.
2365. Hot-air motor.A current of hot air passing up the flue revolves the turbine.
Naphtha enginesare gas engines employing the vapour of naphtha and air as an explosive mixture, instead of that of petroleum (oil engine) or carburetted hydrogen gas (gas engine).
(See alsop. 140.)
2366. Friction grip pawl,as applied to a wheel, may be used also for a rod.
2367. Ratchet brace,or feed lever, in which the pawl is a fixed tooth, and the lever is slotted to allow the pawl to clear the teeth on the back stroke.
2368. Ratchet brace,with slotted pawl.
2369. Ratchet brace,with friction grip pawl.
2370. Ratchet brace,without pawl. The handle is hinged to the socket arm, and has a tooth gearing with the ratchet, and thrown in and out by the movement of the handle.
2371. Double-acting pawls and lever.
2372. Internal hooked pawl.
2373. Internal strut-action pawl.
2374. Gravity pawl and crown ratchet.
Plate 140Larger plate.
Larger plate.
2375. Ratchet rack,crank and connecting rod, intermittent movement,—a detent may be added to return the rack.
2376. Internal spring pawlsfor a ratchet brace.
2377. Rocking escapement.
2378. Rocking escapement.
2379to2384. Forms of locked intermittent movements.
2385&2386. Intermittent rotary movementson spindles at right angles.
(See alsop. 144.)
2387. Lever pressfor hay, straw, &c., with rack and pawl at each side operated by two hand levers.
2388. Continuous pressfor coal dust, &c. The ram has a reciprocating motion, and the material is forced into a tapered chamber, the resulting friction in which gives sufficient resistance to press the material to the density required.
(See alsop. 146.)
2389. End attachmentfor rope by a staple bolt and plate.
Plate 141Larger plate.
Larger plate.
2390. Double vee pulley rimfor two ropes.
2391. Wire or hemp rope attachment,with two bolt clips.
2392. Similar attachment,with a thimble and one bolt clip and a seizing or yarn.
2393. Double-bolt clipfor wire ropes.
2394. Taper socket end attachmentfor wire ropes. The end wires are cut to different lengths, and all bent back at one point. This stranded end of the rope is then forced into the taper socket, and the spaces filled with melted lead or pewter.
2395. The same methodapplied to aflattaper socket.
(See alsop. 148.)
2396. Richmond’s patent balance hydraulic lift.Ais the lift cylinder, connected openly to the balance cylinderB, which is weighted to nearly balance ramAand cage. Pressure water is applied to ramCto raise the load in cage.
2397. Waygood’s patent hydraulic balance lift.Ais the lift cylinder communicating with the interior of cylinder and ramBwhich are fixed; cylinderCand ramDare loaded to nearly balance the cage and ramA, and the load is raised by admitting pressure water to cylinderC.
2398. Lever and rack lifting motion.The rack may be held up at each lift by a pawl.
2399. Rack and lever suspended hoist.A pawl or brake may be added to sustain the load.
2400. Spanish windlass.
Plate 142Larger plate.
Larger plate.
2401. Double hoisting barrels,geared together; the rope passes round both barrels.
The “Otis” low pressure elevator(hydraulic) is worked from an overhead air accumulator at 80 lbs. pressure, the hydrostatic head being 40 lbs. There is one descending main pipe connected to a small tank or close vessel, into which the pumps deliver, and from which the lift pressure water is taken.
(See alsop. 152.)
2402. Roller bearings for centrifugal milk separators, &c.The pan is carried on three large rollers running against an inverted cone, as shown.
2403. Ball bearing for vertical shaft.By Sir Gabriel Stokes.
2404&2405. Forms of grooves for ball bearings,running horizontally, showing points of bearing in grooves.
2406. Roller bearing for a vertical shaft,with steel balls between the ends of the cone rollers to separate them and reduce their friction.
2407. Roller bearing for a door,or other article having a limited travel. The roller runs on the floor, or a rail, and its spindle rolls along the slot, the length of which is proportioned to the travel of the door.
2408. Double cone rollersfor a table having a horizontal circular motion.
2409. Roller bearing for wagon axle,with balls between the roller ends to separate them and prevent internal friction.
Anti-friction screws. See Nos.2413,2414.
Anti-friction worm gear. SeeNo. 2451.
2410. Vertical ball bearing,with bearing surfaces adjusted to receive the direct thrust of the balls.
2411. Suspended ball bearing.
2412. Ball or roller axle bearing.
2413. White’s anti-friction ball bearing screw and nut.A.D.1822. Square thread screw, the balls travel round the screw thread, and by a pass-groove back to the other end again.
2414. Lieb’s anti-friction screw and nut,similar to the last, but with a concave grooved screw.A.D.1890.
(See alsop. 152.)
2415. Rope grip pulley.Dearden’s patent.
Plate 143Larger plate.
Larger plate.
(See alsop. 156.)
2416. Centre rail,with friction grip for moderate inclines.
Rack railwaysfor steep inclines of an angle, in some cases of 40°, are made with central rack rails (in addition to the ordinary rails), and the engines have steel gearing, which gears into the teeth cut in the rack rail.
(See alsop. 158.)
2417. Reversing motion on the same shaftby one belt and two pulleys;Ais fast to the shaft andBfast to the bevel wheelC,Druns on a fixed stud.
2418. Friction cone reversing motionon shafts at right angles.
(See alsop. 160.)
2419. Rotary double-piston motor,pump, or meter will work in either direction.
2420. Rotary motor,with hinged steam abutment.
(See alsop. 164.)
2421. Iron centre for a wood shaftsecured by an end plate, four bolts with recessed nuts, and a wrought-iron band.
2422. Iron centre for a wood shaft,driven in a central bored hole, and secured by a cross cotter and two wrought-iron bands.
2423. Iron centre for a wood shaft.The pin is driven into an iron cross, which is also driven into the end of the shaft in transverse cuts made to receive it, and secured by two wrought-iron bands.
(See alsop. 164.)
2424. Lathe fast headstock spindle,showing coned journals and adjustments.
2425. Attachment of a loose end centre to a shaft,with coned end, which prevents the hole bursting from cross strain on the centre.
2426. Hook centre pin,easily disengaged.
2427. Stud centre,with washer riveted on or secured by a nut.
2428. Ram or trunk piston centrefor connecting rod, fastened by an internal nut.
2429. Ram or trunk piston centre,screwed into the piston.
2430. Ram or trunk piston centre,with a transverse pin passed right through the piston.
Plate 144Larger plate.
Larger plate.
2431. Swaying ball centre.
2432. Rocking or swaying centre.
2433. Rocking or swaying centre.
2434. Eyelet centrefor two or more levers.
2435. Centre pin, with lug and screw,to prevent it from working out.
2436,2437&2438. Methods of fitting up connecting rod centresin trunk pistons or rams.
(See alsop. 168.)
2439. Ball head bolt and nutto allow it to draw up out of line.
2440. Universal bolt head.
2441. Ball joint bolt and nut.
2442. Flush head coned bolt.
2443. Mutilated screw and nut.
2444. Nut lock,by a fixed lug and split pin.
2445. Coned boltfor securing and keying two parts of a machine in exact relation.
2446. Double-nutted bolt,easily made of round iron.
2447. Lever and compound nutsto obtain great leverage on a screw, as in a press; one nut arm is used as a fulcrum by which the lever forces the other round. Stepped pawls are used to prevent the first nut being loosened while moving the second.
Plate 145Larger plate.
Larger plate.
2448. Screw gearto operate three worm wheels in the same direction, for chucks, &c.
2449. Screwed stay bolt,as a distance stay for boiler plates, &c.
2450. Screw eye and handle nut.
2451. Anti-friction worm gear.The worm wheel has friction rollers running on pins, which gear with the worm.
2452. Staple bolt and washer plate.
2453. Fang plate washerfor wood.
2454. Fang plate washerfor wood.
2455. Sunk set screw,with differential threads, to draw two plates or pieces together.
2456. Taper screw,quickly released.
2457. Mutilated screwto slide into a nut having corresponding sections of the thread cut away, and to fix by a partial turn. Used for breech-pieces of cannon.
2458. Bolt head, with transverse holes,for a plain “tommy” bar wrench.
2459. Backlash nutfor a square thread screw.
2460. Cap nut.
Screw stopper.SeeNo. 2544.
2461. Slotted nut and set pinfor fine adjustment, or for taking up wear.
Lock nuts;usually two nuts are employed, thethickestone outermost. There are many forms of patent nuts designed to prevent loosening by vibration.
Nuts can be cast around a screw in white metal or brass.
(See alsop. 172.)
2462. Cut-off gear.Two cut-off valves similar toNo. 1456, regulated by an external hand wheel forming the valve spindle guide bush.
2463. Duplex motion for a valve,to operate it by either rod, using the other as a fulcrum.