a.The fly-wheelor its equivalent.b.Springs.SeeSection 80.c.Weights.d.Air or gas compressed into a reservoir;air vessel, bellows. SeeSection 7.e.Water raised into an elevated reservoiror tank, or pumped into a loaded accumulator. Variable Pressure Accumulator,No. 1586.f.Electricity stored in accumulators.g.Explosives.h.Pendulum.Sometimes used to accumulate power to be given out suddenly, as in punching.
a.The fly-wheelor its equivalent.b.Springs.SeeSection 80.c.Weights.d.Air or gas compressed into a reservoir;air vessel, bellows. SeeSection 7.e.Water raised into an elevated reservoiror tank, or pumped into a loaded accumulator. Variable Pressure Accumulator,No. 1586.f.Electricity stored in accumulators.g.Explosives.h.Pendulum.Sometimes used to accumulate power to be given out suddenly, as in punching.
a.
a.
The fly-wheelor its equivalent.
The fly-wheelor its equivalent.
b.
b.
Springs.SeeSection 80.
Springs.SeeSection 80.
c.
c.
Weights.
Weights.
d.
d.
Air or gas compressed into a reservoir;air vessel, bellows. SeeSection 7.
Air or gas compressed into a reservoir;air vessel, bellows. SeeSection 7.
e.
e.
Water raised into an elevated reservoiror tank, or pumped into a loaded accumulator. Variable Pressure Accumulator,No. 1586.
Water raised into an elevated reservoiror tank, or pumped into a loaded accumulator. Variable Pressure Accumulator,No. 1586.
f.
f.
Electricity stored in accumulators.
Electricity stored in accumulators.
g.
g.
Explosives.
Explosives.
h.
h.
Pendulum.Sometimes used to accumulate power to be given out suddenly, as in punching.
Pendulum.Sometimes used to accumulate power to be given out suddenly, as in punching.
a.The fly-wheelor its equivalent.b.Springs.SeeSection 80.c.Weights.d.Air or gas compressed into a reservoir;air vessel, bellows. SeeSection 7.e.Water raised into an elevated reservoiror tank, or pumped into a loaded accumulator. Variable Pressure Accumulator,No. 1586.f.Electricity stored in accumulators.g.Explosives.h.Pendulum.Sometimes used to accumulate power to be given out suddenly, as in punching.
a.The fly-wheelor its equivalent.
b.Springs.SeeSection 80.
c.Weights.
d.Air or gas compressed into a reservoir;air vessel, bellows. SeeSection 7.
e.Water raised into an elevated reservoiror tank, or pumped into a loaded accumulator. Variable Pressure Accumulator,No. 1586.
f.Electricity stored in accumulators.
g.Explosives.
h.Pendulum.Sometimes used to accumulate power to be given out suddenly, as in punching.
(See Circular and Reciprocating Motion,Section 21).
(See Pawl and Ratchet Motions,Section 62).
a.The ordinary winch and crank handle.b.Winch,worked by an endless hand rope and wheel, similar toNos. 1210,1220.
a.The ordinary winch and crank handle.b.Winch,worked by an endless hand rope and wheel, similar toNos. 1210,1220.
a.
a.
The ordinary winch and crank handle.
The ordinary winch and crank handle.
b.
b.
Winch,worked by an endless hand rope and wheel, similar toNos. 1210,1220.
Winch,worked by an endless hand rope and wheel, similar toNos. 1210,1220.
a.The ordinary winch and crank handle.b.Winch,worked by an endless hand rope and wheel, similar toNos. 1210,1220.
a.The ordinary winch and crank handle.
b.Winch,worked by an endless hand rope and wheel, similar toNos. 1210,1220.
1210. Hand rope and barrel hoist.In this machine gearing may be interposed between the hand rope wheel and rope drum to increase the power and reduce speed.
c.Differential blocksof various patterns (see Weston’s, Pickering’s, Moore’s, &c.). SeeSection 31.d.By screw gear,as in the ordinary screw jack.Sec. 78.e.Rack and pinion gear.SeeNo. 754.f.Worm and wheel gear.SeeSection 84.
c.Differential blocksof various patterns (see Weston’s, Pickering’s, Moore’s, &c.). SeeSection 31.d.By screw gear,as in the ordinary screw jack.Sec. 78.e.Rack and pinion gear.SeeNo. 754.f.Worm and wheel gear.SeeSection 84.
c.
c.
Differential blocksof various patterns (see Weston’s, Pickering’s, Moore’s, &c.). SeeSection 31.
Differential blocksof various patterns (see Weston’s, Pickering’s, Moore’s, &c.). SeeSection 31.
d.
d.
By screw gear,as in the ordinary screw jack.Sec. 78.
By screw gear,as in the ordinary screw jack.Sec. 78.
e.
e.
Rack and pinion gear.SeeNo. 754.
Rack and pinion gear.SeeNo. 754.
f.
f.
Worm and wheel gear.SeeSection 84.
Worm and wheel gear.SeeSection 84.
c.Differential blocksof various patterns (see Weston’s, Pickering’s, Moore’s, &c.). SeeSection 31.d.By screw gear,as in the ordinary screw jack.Sec. 78.e.Rack and pinion gear.SeeNo. 754.f.Worm and wheel gear.SeeSection 84.
c.Differential blocksof various patterns (see Weston’s, Pickering’s, Moore’s, &c.). SeeSection 31.
d.By screw gear,as in the ordinary screw jack.Sec. 78.
e.Rack and pinion gear.SeeNo. 754.
f.Worm and wheel gear.SeeSection 84.
Note as to brake wheels: these should always be upon theloadshaft so that the braking is not transmitted to the load through toothed gearing. Worm gear usually will not sustain a load without a brake wheel, unless there is an excess of friction which should not exist.
g.Friction gear.SeeSection 38.
g.Friction gear.SeeSection 38.
g.
g.
Friction gear.SeeSection 38.
Friction gear.SeeSection 38.
g.Friction gear.SeeSection 38.
g.Friction gear.SeeSection 38.
This may be applied to any of the above asfollows:—
a or b. To the ordinary winch by either gearing (seeSection 84), belts (seeSection 3), or friction gear (seeSection 38).
b.By grippingthe endless rope between grip wheels (see1208) the small wheel can be thrown into gear to grip the rope by a lever, cam or screw.c.Differential gearmay be driven from a shaft by belts or gearing. SeeSections 84and3.d.Screw gear.Ditto.e.Rack gear.Ditto.f.Worm and wheel gear.Ditto.g.Friction gearis usually driven asNo. 1211.
b.By grippingthe endless rope between grip wheels (see1208) the small wheel can be thrown into gear to grip the rope by a lever, cam or screw.c.Differential gearmay be driven from a shaft by belts or gearing. SeeSections 84and3.d.Screw gear.Ditto.e.Rack gear.Ditto.f.Worm and wheel gear.Ditto.g.Friction gearis usually driven asNo. 1211.
b.
b.
By grippingthe endless rope between grip wheels (see1208) the small wheel can be thrown into gear to grip the rope by a lever, cam or screw.
By grippingthe endless rope between grip wheels (see1208) the small wheel can be thrown into gear to grip the rope by a lever, cam or screw.
c.
c.
Differential gearmay be driven from a shaft by belts or gearing. SeeSections 84and3.
Differential gearmay be driven from a shaft by belts or gearing. SeeSections 84and3.
d.
d.
Screw gear.Ditto.
Screw gear.Ditto.
e.
e.
Rack gear.Ditto.
Rack gear.Ditto.
f.
f.
Worm and wheel gear.Ditto.
Worm and wheel gear.Ditto.
g.
g.
Friction gearis usually driven asNo. 1211.
Friction gearis usually driven asNo. 1211.
b.By grippingthe endless rope between grip wheels (see1208) the small wheel can be thrown into gear to grip the rope by a lever, cam or screw.c.Differential gearmay be driven from a shaft by belts or gearing. SeeSections 84and3.d.Screw gear.Ditto.e.Rack gear.Ditto.f.Worm and wheel gear.Ditto.g.Friction gearis usually driven asNo. 1211.
b.By grippingthe endless rope between grip wheels (see1208) the small wheel can be thrown into gear to grip the rope by a lever, cam or screw.
c.Differential gearmay be driven from a shaft by belts or gearing. SeeSections 84and3.
d.Screw gear.Ditto.
e.Rack gear.Ditto.
f.Worm and wheel gear.Ditto.
g.Friction gearis usually driven asNo. 1211.
1211. Where the barrel shaft has a slight horizontal movement,so that, by the lever, it can be forced into gear with the friction pinion to raise the load, or into the brake block to sustain the load or lower it.
Grooved frictionVgearing is also sometimes used. SeeNo. 667.
Plate 67Larger plate.
Larger plate.
The direct-acting planis simply a ram and cylinder, as in the hydraulic press, the ram being as long as the height of travel of the cage. For multiplying cylinder hydraulic gear, seeSection 42.
Balancing the dead load of cage, &c.This is usually done by weights attached to the end of ropes running over overhead pulleys and fastened to the cage, as inNo. 370, or by an auxiliary cylinder and ram of short stroke loaded to the required weight, and communicating with the lift cylinder by a pipe. SeeSection 20.
a.An hydraulic cylinder and pistonmay be used, to which the cage is directly attached either above or below, the cage or platform being overbalanced by a counterbalance weight and rope (running over a pulley asNo. 370), which is sufficient to raise it empty. The speed is controlled by a pass valve which allows the water to pass from one side of the piston to the other. SeeSection 5.b.An ordinaryVwheel and brake wheelmay be used, the cage being overbalanced as last described; the motion is controlled solely by the brake. Or, an hydraulic brake cylinder may be used in connection with a rope or chain attached to the cage. SeenotetoSection 5.
a.An hydraulic cylinder and pistonmay be used, to which the cage is directly attached either above or below, the cage or platform being overbalanced by a counterbalance weight and rope (running over a pulley asNo. 370), which is sufficient to raise it empty. The speed is controlled by a pass valve which allows the water to pass from one side of the piston to the other. SeeSection 5.b.An ordinaryVwheel and brake wheelmay be used, the cage being overbalanced as last described; the motion is controlled solely by the brake. Or, an hydraulic brake cylinder may be used in connection with a rope or chain attached to the cage. SeenotetoSection 5.
a.
a.
An hydraulic cylinder and pistonmay be used, to which the cage is directly attached either above or below, the cage or platform being overbalanced by a counterbalance weight and rope (running over a pulley asNo. 370), which is sufficient to raise it empty. The speed is controlled by a pass valve which allows the water to pass from one side of the piston to the other. SeeSection 5.
An hydraulic cylinder and pistonmay be used, to which the cage is directly attached either above or below, the cage or platform being overbalanced by a counterbalance weight and rope (running over a pulley asNo. 370), which is sufficient to raise it empty. The speed is controlled by a pass valve which allows the water to pass from one side of the piston to the other. SeeSection 5.
b.
b.
An ordinaryVwheel and brake wheelmay be used, the cage being overbalanced as last described; the motion is controlled solely by the brake. Or, an hydraulic brake cylinder may be used in connection with a rope or chain attached to the cage. SeenotetoSection 5.
An ordinaryVwheel and brake wheelmay be used, the cage being overbalanced as last described; the motion is controlled solely by the brake. Or, an hydraulic brake cylinder may be used in connection with a rope or chain attached to the cage. SeenotetoSection 5.
a.An hydraulic cylinder and pistonmay be used, to which the cage is directly attached either above or below, the cage or platform being overbalanced by a counterbalance weight and rope (running over a pulley asNo. 370), which is sufficient to raise it empty. The speed is controlled by a pass valve which allows the water to pass from one side of the piston to the other. SeeSection 5.b.An ordinaryVwheel and brake wheelmay be used, the cage being overbalanced as last described; the motion is controlled solely by the brake. Or, an hydraulic brake cylinder may be used in connection with a rope or chain attached to the cage. SeenotetoSection 5.
a.An hydraulic cylinder and pistonmay be used, to which the cage is directly attached either above or below, the cage or platform being overbalanced by a counterbalance weight and rope (running over a pulley asNo. 370), which is sufficient to raise it empty. The speed is controlled by a pass valve which allows the water to pass from one side of the piston to the other. SeeSection 5.
b.An ordinaryVwheel and brake wheelmay be used, the cage being overbalanced as last described; the motion is controlled solely by the brake. Or, an hydraulic brake cylinder may be used in connection with a rope or chain attached to the cage. SeenotetoSection 5.
Other hoisting devices are:
Direct-acting steam or air cylinders,the piston rods being coupled direct to the cage.
Air vessels,on the principle of the gasometer, but of a height equal to the travel, and diameter proportional to the pressure of air employed.
1212. Internal screw elevator.The vertical shaft has a feather groove, and carries a double crosshead with a wheel at each end, which run on the spiral guides and raise the cage.
1213. Screw elevator,for ice, &c. Vertical creeper.
1214. Travelling hoist,with in and out motion and rope.
1215. Steam digger and hoist.
1216. Hauling capstan.The rope, which is payed on and off the barrel, “fleets” itself as it travels along the barrel owing to its conical shaped flanges.
1217. Richmond’s patent differential telescopic hydraulic lift.The water under each piston is forced into the next cylinder above, so that the rams all travel upwards at proportional speeds, so as to reach the top of their stroke at the same time.
1218. Self-sustaining gear.The revolution of the pinion tends to lift the barrel and its brake wheel out of the brake; lowering is performed by relieving the brake wheel by a lever which raises it from the brake. Cherry’s patent.
1219. Belt hoist.Worked by a loose vertical belt, which is tightened by the lever and pulley when required to hoist, and in lowering a load the belt friction acts as a brake.
1220. Travelling hand hoist,with endless rope.
1221. Travelling cathead hoist.The cathead can be run back with its load; the winch is sometimes fixed to the travelling beam and moves in and out with it.
1222. Winding engine,usual type for direct acting.
1223. Geared winding engine.
1224. Steam winch, horizontal arrangement.
1225. Steam winch, diagonal arrangement.
1226. Steam winch, horizontal worm-gear plan.
Plate 68Larger plate.
Larger plate.
1227. Continuous lift,for parcels, &c. Has a number of small cages, boxes, or platforms suspended from horizontal pivots in two endless chains; the cages are guided so as always to hang vertical.
1228. Continuous lift,for passengers. Sometimes the cages are suspended from two endless chains at their tops, as last described; or sometimes from two endless chains, but with attachments to the cages at corners diagonally opposite each other; and sometimes from a single endless chain at the back, provided with guides, &c.
1229. Continuous barrel hoist.
See also Cranes,Section 18.
1230. The pivots of two rollers or shaftsbear against the inside of a stiff ring producing rolling contact, but the rollers or shafts must run in the same direction. Used for roller mills, &c.
1231. The same device, but for three rollersor shafts.
1232. The shaft is guided verticallyand its weight is borne by a large roller with small pivots.
1233. The shaft runs in theVbetween two rollersas last described.
1234. Roller or ball bearing.The friction is least when the rollers have end pivots to run in loose rings so that the rollers are kept apart and do not rub each other in revolving.
1235. Hydraulic bearing,the shaft being sustained by water (or preferably oil) pressure.
1236. Vertical shaft,with cone rollers.
1237. Vertical shaft,with ball bearing.
1238. Vertical shaft,flanged and coned for cone rollers.
1239. Ordinary swivelling castor.
1240. Ball castor.
(See alsoSection 66.)
1241. Pulley for round ropewithout any grip.
1242. Round grooved pulleyfor round rope with gripping snugs.
1243.Vpulley for round rope;pithead pulley.
Pulley for wire rope transmission,high speed with wood bedding. SeeSection 66,No. 1202.
Multiple rope gripping pulleyfor rope driving. SeeSection 66,No. 1200.
1244. Belt pulley,flat fare.
1245. Belt pulley,crown face. The rounding tends to keep the belt from running off.
1246. Flanged belt pulley.
1247. Speed cone for belt.
1248. Round grooved chain pulley.
Plate 69Larger plate.
Larger plate.
1249. Double grooved chain pulley;prevents the chain twisting.
1250. Pitched chain snug pulley or sprocket pulley.The pitch of snugs should be slightly longer than the chain, to allow for wear and stretching of the chain.
1251. Chain sprocket wheel,for long link chain at slow speeds.
1252. Sprocket wheel,for long flat link pitched chains.
1253&1254. Sections of rimshowing single and double links.
1255. Sprocket wheel,for Ewart’s patent pitched chains. See Chains &c.,Section 11.
1256. Square mesh wire gauze.
1257. Perforated plate.
1258. Parallel bars or wires.
1259. Hexagon or triangular mesh wire work.
1260. Slit and square hole perforations,used for seeds, &c.
A form of variable mesh is manufactured by parallel series of diagonal bars jointed by pins to sliding cross-bars, so that the angle of the mesh bars can be altered and thus the spaces reduced or enlarged, on the same principle asNo. 617.
1261. Sloping screen.
1262. Cylindrical or slope reel screen.
1263. Cylindrical graduated screen or sizer.
1264. Rotary screen,with rolling bevil gear motion. SeeNo. 711.
1265. Rotary horizontal screen.
1266. Shaking or jigging screen.Sometimes supplied with a blast or aspirator to carry off the lighter particles.
1267. Eccentric or angular barrel screen or mixer.
1268. Air blast sizing or graduating apparatus.
1269. Edison’s magnetic sizing apparatusfor iron or steel particles.
Plate 70Larger plate.
Larger plate.
1270. Graduating or sizing screens,either fixed as shown or kept in motion likeNo. 1266.
See also Concentrating and Separating,Section 26.
1271. Square bar rails.
1272.L-iron tram road;often made of cast-iron with the joints dove-tailed together.
1273.T-iron tram road.
1274. Tram road,with flanged plates for ordinary vehicles.
1275. Tram road,with one channel plate and one flat plate.
1276. Bridge rail.
1277. Bulb-head flanged rail.
1278. Double headed rail.
1279. “Barlow” rail.
1280. Bulb rail.
1281. Flush grooved tramway rail.SeeNos. 1839-1841.
1282. Rolled joist rail.
1283. Bulb-iron rail.
1284. Edge’s patent perforated rail and toothed wheel.
Many forms of combined chair and sleeper are manufactured in wrought iron and steel.
1285. Left-hand switch.
1286. Shunting carriage,for transverse shunting; carries a short section of the main road and runs across it on independent rails laid on a lower level; often used instead of a turntable for shunting.
1287. Tramway switch.
Plate 71Larger plate.
Larger plate.
1288. Right and left-hand switch and crossing,showing arrangement of guard-rails.
1289. Flat baron edge rail.
SeeSection 99for other sections of rails.
For Reversing Gear of Steam Engines, seeSection 79.
1290. Reversible driving motionby open and crossed belts, with two loose and one fast pulleys.
1291. Reversible driving motionby single belt, two fast pulleys and one loose ditto and bevil gear, one bevil pinion having a sleeve to which its fast pulley is keyed, the other bevil pinion being keyed to the shaft.
1292. Reversible driving motionby single belt, with quick and slow motions; a modification of the last.
1293. By double clutch and bevil gear.
1294. Reversing friction cones or bevils.
1295. Three-wheel gear.The driving wheelAcan be put into gear either with the driven wheelCor idle wheelB.
1296. Double clutch and spur gearreversing motion, with idle wheel.
1297. Reversing pinions,as used on the ordinary screw-cutting lathe. There are many varieties of this gear in use.
1298. Application of single belt gear toNo. 1296.
1299. Self-reversing gear,with one belt, two fast and one loose pulleys. The large spur wheel is driven from the bevil gear, and carries the weighted lever past the vertical position by a stop on the face-plate or disc, when it falls over and reverses the belt fork. SeeNo. 1026.
Plate 72Larger plate.
Larger plate.
1300. Self-reversing gear,as applied to planing machines. The stops can be set at any required distance apart, to alter the length of travel of the machine bed. This plan requires a heavy table to carry the belt across the loose pulley to the other fast pulley.
1301. Reversible belt-shifting hand gear.
1302. Right and left hand screw reversing traverse motion.Each lever has a half nut, which can be put in gear with the screw to drive either way. See alsoNo. 163.
1303. Best form of fast and loose pulleysfor open and crossed belt reversing gear, as used inNo. 1290; the fast pulley is rather larger in diameter than the two loose ones.
1304. Single-belt reversing pulleys,the reverse motion on the shaft being obtained by intercepting an idle wheelAbetween the epicycloidal wheelBand the shaft pinionC, the middle pulley being the loose one; the idle wheel is carried by a fixed bracket and pin.
Note.—Reversible motion can be obtained direct from any steam engine fitted with reversing motion. See Valve Motions,No. 1436, &c.
Segment Reversing Gear,No. 724.
Nearly all rotary engines can be used either as motors, pumps, blowers, or meters, and most of the following typical devices have been applied to all four purposes. Most of them are reversible by simply reversing the direction of the motor fluid.
1305. Disston’s;used as a pressure blower.
1306. Root’s, blower and pump.
1307. Root’s.
1308. Mackenzie’s;may have one, two, or three vanes.
1309. Gould’s.
1310. Bagley and Sewall’s.
1311. Greindl’s rotary pump.
1312,1313,1314, &1315. Varieties of intergeared piston rotary engines.