FOOTNOTES

FOOTNOTES1Dr March states very clearly the difference between a symbol and an emblem. ‘A symbol stands for an abstract idea, an emblem denotes a concrete thing, an attribute appears in apposition with the person it qualifies; for example, in a presentment of the Blessed Virgin, the lily that she holds in her hand or that flowers by her side is her attribute. When the lily appears alone it represents the Queen of Heaven and is her emblem, but if it indicates purity it is a symbol.’2Ghent Cathedral.3The Prado, Madrid.4Antwerp Cathedral.5Author ofLiber aggregationis, seu Liber mirabilium de virtutibus herbarum, lapidum et animalium.6Authoress ofThe Garden of Health.7‘This is that herb which such physicians as are licensed to blaspheme by authority without danger of having their tongues burned through with a hot iron called an herb of the Trinity; it is also called, by those who are more moderate, three faces in a hood ... and in Sussex we call them pancies.’ Culpeper’sHerbal.8C. Marriott.9Corsini Gallery, Florence.10Naples Museum.11Stroganoff Collection, Rome.12Accademia, Florence.13Ex Convent of S. Apollonia, Florence.14Bargello, Florence.15Adoration, Pitti Palace, private apartments.16Cathedral, Perugia.17J. K. Huysmans,La Cathédrale.18Attributed to Giotto. Collection of A. E. Street, Esq.19IsaiahXXXV. 1.20Wolfenbüttel Copy, Bibliothèque Nationale.21Marienpfarrkirchen, Danzig.22Town Museum, Leyden.23‘The Smaller Passion,’ British Museum.24J. K. Huysmans,La Cathédrale.25Complete Book of Heraldry, 1780. vol. i.26‘The effigies of the Kings of Navarre, successors to Garcias, are still to be seen with this order about their necks in the Church of St Mary at Nagera, St Saviour’s de Layra and St Mary la Reale of Pompelona, as also in the church at Ronceneux, and at St John’s de la Pigna.’ (Edmondson.)27Now in Seville Cathedral.28Solomon’s Song v. 9.29‘Ut ipsa corporis species simulacrum fuerit mentis.’De Verginit, lib. ii. chap. 2.30S. Maria Trastevere, Rome.31National Gallery, London.32Lower Church, Assisi.33Uffizi, Florence.34Or San Michele, Florence.35Frankfort-on-the-Maine.36Berlin.37Alte Pinakothek, Munich.38Royal Museum, Antwerp.39Coll. Radziwill, Berlin.40Royal Gallery, Berlin.41Prado, Madrid.42Uffizi, Florence.43‘Coronation of the Virgin,’ shrine of Saint Ursula, Bruges.44‘Christ surrounded by Angels,’ Royal Museum, Antwerp.45‘Madonna with the Child,’ Marienpfarrkirche, Danzig.46Purga, xxix. 81.47SeeChapter XIV., ‘The Lily of the Annunciation.’48Accademia, Florence.49The Brera, Milan.50The Rudolphinum, Prague.51Chaucer,The Knight’s Tale.52Schifanoja Palace, Ferrara.53Botticelli, Uffizi.54Walter Pater, ‘Sandro Botticelli.’55Legenda Aurea.56William Dunbar.57The Book of Spiritual Grace.58Orvieto Cathedral.59Accademia, Florence.60ThePortinculaorPorzuincola(the little portion) built by Saint Benedict and rebuilt by Saint Francis was the first church of the Franciscan order. It is now enclosed by the Church of S. Maria degli Angeli, and, close by, the rose-bushes of the legend, still thornless, are shown.61Prado, Madrid.62Cadiz.63Wilton House.64Museo Provincial, Seville.65Florence. To be placed in the Riccardi Palace.66Palazzo Pitti.67Robert de la Condamine,The Upper Garden.68In the Bibliothèque de l’Arsénal, Paris.69British Museum.70Dante.71In France at the same period it was very usual to place a ‘fleur-de-lys’ in the Madonna’s hand. For instance, the beautiful statuette in silver gilt of the early fourteenth century, now in the Louvre, carries a ‘fleur-de-lys’ of crystal in the right hand.72The Prado, Madrid.73Private apartments, Pitti Palace, Florence.74Uffizi, Florence.75An exception is the Assumption by Fungai in the Belle Arti of Siena, where white roses and red carnations fill the tomb. The prejudice appears to have been against the red rose.76Kunst Museum, Bern.77‘The Key’ of Saint Melitus.78‘Hortulus,’ Walafrid Strabo.79‘Spiritual Grace,’ Saint Mectilda.80The Wisdom of Solomon ii. 8.81Passio S.S. Jacobi, Mariani et aliorum martyrum in Numidia.82Sensations d’Italie.83S. Maria Novella, Florence.84The Brera, Milan.85Legenda Aurea.86Prado, Madrid.87Ghent Cathedral.88Paradiso, xxx. 114.89Ibid.121.902 Esdras ii. 18–19.91Written by the monk Dionysius of Mount Athos in the twelfth century. Translated by M. Didron.92Adoration of the Lamb, Ghent Cathedral.93Florence.94Ruskin,Modern Painters.95Town Museum, Frankfort-on-the-Maine.96The Song of Solomon ii. 2.97Museum, Verona.98Rat. Off., iii. 18.99Trésorof Aix la Chapelle.100Arthur Martin,Mélanges d’Archéologie.101Opera del Duomo.102Isaiah xi. 1–2.103Christian Iconography, Didron.104Ghent Cathedral.105Uffizi Gallery.106Christian Iconography, Didron.107Kaiser-Friedrich Museum, Berlin.108Uffizi Gallery.109St Petersburg.110Tiefenbronn Church.111Wallraf-Richartz Museum, Cologne.112Sophocles,Œdipus Coloneus.113Smith’sClassical Dictionary.114De Baptismo, c. viii.115Seetitle-page.116Northcote and Brownlow,Roma Sotterana.117Palazzo Pubblico, Siena.118Taddeo di Bartolo, Sano di Pietro, Francesco di Giorgio Martini, Belle Arti, Siena.119No. 160, Belle Arti, Siena.120Stefano di Giovanni, Belle Arti, Siena.121Trésorof Aix la Chapelle.122Trésorof the King of Bavaria.123Milton.124‘The Nativity,’ National Gallery.125‘The Nativity,’ Belle Arti, Siena.126Collection L. Mond, London.127Durandus,Rat. Off., vi. 47–9.128Ecclesiasticus xxiv. 14.129Lives of the Painters.130Corsini Gallery, Florence.131Monza.132Palazzo Pubblico, Siena.133Uffizi, Florence.134Munich.135Private apartments, Pitti Palace.136Nierenberg.137Mantegna, Belle Arti, Verona.138Botticelli, Poldi Pezzoli Collection, Milan.139Botticelli, Borghese Gallery, Rome.140Museo Provincial, Seville.141Collection of the Duchess of Fife.142Royal Gallery, Augsburg.143Sassoferrato, Church of S. Sabina, Rome.144Accademia, Florence.145Uffizi, Florence.146Der Goldene Schmiede.147Munich.1481 Maccabees xiii. 51.149Revelation vii.1502 Esdras ii. 45.151Chaucer,The Second Nonnes Tale.152A. Venturi,Storia dell’ Arte Italiana.153Ibid.154Rat. Off.155S. Cecilia, Uffizi.156Accademia, Venice.157Dante.158Rubens, Uffizi.159Piero della Francesca, Uffizi.160At Heidelberg.161SS. Annunziata.162Belle Arti, Siena.163Lord Lindsay.164Opera del Duomo, Siena.165Sterzing, Rathaus.166Opera del Duomo, Siena.167Uffizi, Florence.168W. Menzel,Christliche Symbolik.169Die Sinnbilder und Beiworte Mariens in der deutschen Literatur und lateinischen Hymnenpoesie des Mittelalters.170Rome.171Ibid.172Recherches sur l’origine du Blazon et en particulier la Fleur-de-Lis.173Ragalium Franciæ, Libro duo, 1545.174In possession of Sir J. Tobin.175S. Chiara, Naples.176Westminster Abbey.177Psalterium cum Figuris, Bib. National.178Roman des Trois Pélerinages, Bib. S. Geneviève.179St Martin in Vignes, Troyes.180Germanisches Museum, Nuremburg.181Scenes from the Passion, Alte Pinakothek, Munich.182Edmund G. Gardner, Florence.183Louvre.184Uffizi, Florence.185First part ofKing Henry VI, Act I. sc. ii.186Trial of Jeanne d’Arc, 1431.187Florence.188Rome.189At Gaeta.190British Museum.191South Kensington Museum.192Imperial Gallery, St Petersburg.193Alte Pinakothek, Munich.194Collection Mérode, Brussels.195Spanish Handbook, first edition.196Lower Church, Assisi.197Uffizi, Florence.198Pantheon, Rome.199Uffizi, Florence.200Belle Arti, Siena.201SS. Annunziata, Arezzo.202Museo di S. Marco, Florence.203Uffizi, Florence.204Vatican, Rome.205Cathedral, S. Giminiano.206National Gallery.207Spedale degli Innocenti, Florence.208Lives of the Painters, Titian.209Diptych of Jeanne de Bourbon, Musée Condé, Chantilly.210Collection of Prince U. Radziwill, Berlin.211Royal Gallery, Berlin.212British Museum.213British Museum.214W. Menzel,Christliche Symbolik.215Dies in lætitiæ, Neale’s translation.216The large transparent vase which stands beside the Madonna with the Child, by Jean Perréal, in the Louvre, contains iris, the white lily, lily of the valley and columbine.217Duccio di Buoninsegna, National Gallery.218Giovanni di Paolo, Vatican.219Andrea Vanni, Collection Saracini, Siena.220Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Belle Arti, Siena.221Uffizi, Florence.222Sacchetti.223Museum of Padua.224Vatican.225Belle Arti, Siena.226The Cathedral, Arezzo.227Sermon on Ezekiel.228Sermon on Amos and Zachariah.229Tate Gallery.230In the collection of Miss Hertz, Rome.231Pinakothek, Munich.232Milton.233Botticini, Accademia; School of Botticelli, Accademia.234Carotto, S. Eufemia, Verona.235Alte Pinakothek.236Rossello di Jacopo Franchi, Accademia, Florence.237Luca Signorelli.238Rathaus, Sterzing.239Uffizi.240Uffizi.241Frankfort-on-Maine.242S. Spirito, Florence.243Yrjö Hirn,The Sacred Shrine.244Wallraf Richartz Museum, Cologne.245Uffizi.246Goldene Schmiede.247Huysman,La Cathédrale.248Collection of Lady Jekyll.249Tate Gallery, London.250Lower Church, Assisi.251Accademia, Florence.252Uffizi, Florence.253Goldene Schmiede.254Die Sinnbilder und Beiworte Mariens in der deutschen Literatur und lateinischen Hymnenpoesie des Mittelalters.255Uffizi, Florence.256Spiritual Grace.257Pinacoteca, Arezzo.258Lives of the Painters, Signorelli.259Cathedral, Perugia.260Accademia, Florence.261Collection Pierpont Morgan, America.262Kaiser Friedrich Museum, Berlin.263Cologne.264Cologne.265W. Menzel,Christliche Symbolik.266Oratory of S. Bernardino, Siena.267Vatican.268National Gallery (now attributed to Botticini).269Vatican.270Vatican.271Cathedral, Bagno di Romagna.272Accademia, Florence.273Robert Browning.274Alte Pinakothek, Munich.275Uffizi, Florence.276Now in the Pinacoteca, Lucca.277Ecclesiasticus xxiv. 17, 18, 20.278Cant. Cantic.iv. 13.279In Collection of the Duke of Devonshire.280Cremona.281Museum, Verona.282A Sienese painter of the Franciscan Legend.283Upper Church, Assisi.284Capella dell’ Arena, Padua.285Capella Baroncelli, Santa Croce, Florence.286S. Girolamo Spello.287Cathedral, Como.288Alte Pinakothek, Munich.289Rijks Museum, Amsterdam.290Archæologia, vol. 45.291Villa Masèr, near Treviso.292S. Domenico, Siena.293The name Catharine, it will be remembered, is from the GreekKatharos, which has the same signification as the lily,i.e., purity.294Luini, S. Maurizio, Milan.295S. Francesco, Assisi.296Royal Gallery, Berlin.297National Gallery, London.298Seville Cathedral.299Rome.300Ghent Cathedral.301Collection Gardener, Boston.302Berlin.303Paradise Lost.304Vatican.305Brera, Milan.306Uffizi.307Museum, Brussels.308Belle Arti, Siena.309Belle Arti, Siena.310Ibid.311Uffizi.312Goldene Schmiede.313Uffizi.314Lives of the Painters.315Joos van Cleeve, Royal Gallery, Brussels; Wolf Trant, National Museum, Munich.316Florence.317Imperial Gallery, Vienna.318Museum, Rouen.319Alte Pinakothek, Munich.320Kaiser Friedrich Museum, Berlin.321The ‘Chigi’ Madonna, Collection Gardener, Boston.322W. Menzel,Christliche Symbolik.323Museum. Colmar.324German Museum, Nüremburg.325Kunsthalle, Karlsruhe.326Royal Gallery, Dresden.327National Gallery.328Museum, Berlin.329Vatican Gallery.330Capitoline Museum, Rome.331National Gallery.332“For as Jonas was three days and three nights in the whale’s belly; so shall the Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth” (Matt. xii. 40).333Vatican Museum.334Uffizi, Florence.335Uffizi.336Accademia, Florence.337Pitti.338Florence.339German Museum, Nüremburg.340Vatican Gallery.341Ibid.342Dr Anselm Salzer, O.S.B.Die Sinnbilder und Beiworte Mariens in der deutschen Literatur und lateinischen Hymnenpoesie des Mittelalters.343Mrs Henry Jenner,Christian Symbolism.344Vatican.345Belle Arti, Siena.346Town Museum, Solothurn.347Belle Arti, Siena.348Accademia, Venice.349Brera, Milan.350National Gallery, London.351Sermon on the Assumption of the Virgin.352Isaiah iv. 2.353Imperial Gallery, Vienna.354Town Museum, Bruges.355Dom di Bartolo d’Asciano.356II. Esdras II., 19.357II. Esdras II., 18.358Rat. Off. of Altars.359Ad. Nat., 2, 3.360Spiritual Grace.361Imperial Gallery, Vienna.362José Antolines, Alte Pinakothek, Munich.363Murillo, Prado, Madrid.

1Dr March states very clearly the difference between a symbol and an emblem. ‘A symbol stands for an abstract idea, an emblem denotes a concrete thing, an attribute appears in apposition with the person it qualifies; for example, in a presentment of the Blessed Virgin, the lily that she holds in her hand or that flowers by her side is her attribute. When the lily appears alone it represents the Queen of Heaven and is her emblem, but if it indicates purity it is a symbol.’

2Ghent Cathedral.

3The Prado, Madrid.

4Antwerp Cathedral.

5Author ofLiber aggregationis, seu Liber mirabilium de virtutibus herbarum, lapidum et animalium.

6Authoress ofThe Garden of Health.

7‘This is that herb which such physicians as are licensed to blaspheme by authority without danger of having their tongues burned through with a hot iron called an herb of the Trinity; it is also called, by those who are more moderate, three faces in a hood ... and in Sussex we call them pancies.’ Culpeper’sHerbal.

8C. Marriott.

9Corsini Gallery, Florence.

10Naples Museum.

11Stroganoff Collection, Rome.

12Accademia, Florence.

13Ex Convent of S. Apollonia, Florence.

14Bargello, Florence.

15Adoration, Pitti Palace, private apartments.

16Cathedral, Perugia.

17J. K. Huysmans,La Cathédrale.

18Attributed to Giotto. Collection of A. E. Street, Esq.

19IsaiahXXXV. 1.

20Wolfenbüttel Copy, Bibliothèque Nationale.

21Marienpfarrkirchen, Danzig.

22Town Museum, Leyden.

23‘The Smaller Passion,’ British Museum.

24J. K. Huysmans,La Cathédrale.

25Complete Book of Heraldry, 1780. vol. i.

26‘The effigies of the Kings of Navarre, successors to Garcias, are still to be seen with this order about their necks in the Church of St Mary at Nagera, St Saviour’s de Layra and St Mary la Reale of Pompelona, as also in the church at Ronceneux, and at St John’s de la Pigna.’ (Edmondson.)

27Now in Seville Cathedral.

28Solomon’s Song v. 9.

29‘Ut ipsa corporis species simulacrum fuerit mentis.’De Verginit, lib. ii. chap. 2.

29‘Ut ipsa corporis species simulacrum fuerit mentis.’

De Verginit, lib. ii. chap. 2.

30S. Maria Trastevere, Rome.

31National Gallery, London.

32Lower Church, Assisi.

33Uffizi, Florence.

34Or San Michele, Florence.

35Frankfort-on-the-Maine.

36Berlin.

37Alte Pinakothek, Munich.

38Royal Museum, Antwerp.

39Coll. Radziwill, Berlin.

40Royal Gallery, Berlin.

41Prado, Madrid.

42Uffizi, Florence.

43‘Coronation of the Virgin,’ shrine of Saint Ursula, Bruges.

44‘Christ surrounded by Angels,’ Royal Museum, Antwerp.

45‘Madonna with the Child,’ Marienpfarrkirche, Danzig.

46Purga, xxix. 81.

47SeeChapter XIV., ‘The Lily of the Annunciation.’

48Accademia, Florence.

49The Brera, Milan.

50The Rudolphinum, Prague.

51Chaucer,The Knight’s Tale.

52Schifanoja Palace, Ferrara.

53Botticelli, Uffizi.

54Walter Pater, ‘Sandro Botticelli.’

55Legenda Aurea.

56William Dunbar.

57The Book of Spiritual Grace.

58Orvieto Cathedral.

59Accademia, Florence.

60ThePortinculaorPorzuincola(the little portion) built by Saint Benedict and rebuilt by Saint Francis was the first church of the Franciscan order. It is now enclosed by the Church of S. Maria degli Angeli, and, close by, the rose-bushes of the legend, still thornless, are shown.

61Prado, Madrid.

62Cadiz.

63Wilton House.

64Museo Provincial, Seville.

65Florence. To be placed in the Riccardi Palace.

66Palazzo Pitti.

67Robert de la Condamine,The Upper Garden.

68In the Bibliothèque de l’Arsénal, Paris.

69British Museum.

70Dante.

71In France at the same period it was very usual to place a ‘fleur-de-lys’ in the Madonna’s hand. For instance, the beautiful statuette in silver gilt of the early fourteenth century, now in the Louvre, carries a ‘fleur-de-lys’ of crystal in the right hand.

72The Prado, Madrid.

73Private apartments, Pitti Palace, Florence.

74Uffizi, Florence.

75An exception is the Assumption by Fungai in the Belle Arti of Siena, where white roses and red carnations fill the tomb. The prejudice appears to have been against the red rose.

76Kunst Museum, Bern.

77‘The Key’ of Saint Melitus.

78‘Hortulus,’ Walafrid Strabo.

79‘Spiritual Grace,’ Saint Mectilda.

80The Wisdom of Solomon ii. 8.

81Passio S.S. Jacobi, Mariani et aliorum martyrum in Numidia.

82Sensations d’Italie.

83S. Maria Novella, Florence.

84The Brera, Milan.

85Legenda Aurea.

86Prado, Madrid.

87Ghent Cathedral.

88Paradiso, xxx. 114.

89Ibid.121.

902 Esdras ii. 18–19.

91Written by the monk Dionysius of Mount Athos in the twelfth century. Translated by M. Didron.

92Adoration of the Lamb, Ghent Cathedral.

93Florence.

94Ruskin,Modern Painters.

95Town Museum, Frankfort-on-the-Maine.

96The Song of Solomon ii. 2.

97Museum, Verona.

98Rat. Off., iii. 18.

99Trésorof Aix la Chapelle.

100Arthur Martin,Mélanges d’Archéologie.

101Opera del Duomo.

102Isaiah xi. 1–2.

103Christian Iconography, Didron.

104Ghent Cathedral.

105Uffizi Gallery.

106Christian Iconography, Didron.

107Kaiser-Friedrich Museum, Berlin.

108Uffizi Gallery.

109St Petersburg.

110Tiefenbronn Church.

111Wallraf-Richartz Museum, Cologne.

112Sophocles,Œdipus Coloneus.

113Smith’sClassical Dictionary.

114De Baptismo, c. viii.

115Seetitle-page.

116Northcote and Brownlow,Roma Sotterana.

117Palazzo Pubblico, Siena.

118Taddeo di Bartolo, Sano di Pietro, Francesco di Giorgio Martini, Belle Arti, Siena.

119No. 160, Belle Arti, Siena.

120Stefano di Giovanni, Belle Arti, Siena.

121Trésorof Aix la Chapelle.

122Trésorof the King of Bavaria.

123Milton.

124‘The Nativity,’ National Gallery.

125‘The Nativity,’ Belle Arti, Siena.

126Collection L. Mond, London.

127Durandus,Rat. Off., vi. 47–9.

128Ecclesiasticus xxiv. 14.

129Lives of the Painters.

130Corsini Gallery, Florence.

131Monza.

132Palazzo Pubblico, Siena.

133Uffizi, Florence.

134Munich.

135Private apartments, Pitti Palace.

136Nierenberg.

137Mantegna, Belle Arti, Verona.

138Botticelli, Poldi Pezzoli Collection, Milan.

139Botticelli, Borghese Gallery, Rome.

140Museo Provincial, Seville.

141Collection of the Duchess of Fife.

142Royal Gallery, Augsburg.

143Sassoferrato, Church of S. Sabina, Rome.

144Accademia, Florence.

145Uffizi, Florence.

146Der Goldene Schmiede.

147Munich.

1481 Maccabees xiii. 51.

149Revelation vii.

1502 Esdras ii. 45.

151Chaucer,The Second Nonnes Tale.

152A. Venturi,Storia dell’ Arte Italiana.

153Ibid.

154Rat. Off.

155S. Cecilia, Uffizi.

156Accademia, Venice.

157Dante.

158Rubens, Uffizi.

159Piero della Francesca, Uffizi.

160At Heidelberg.

161SS. Annunziata.

162Belle Arti, Siena.

163Lord Lindsay.

164Opera del Duomo, Siena.

165Sterzing, Rathaus.

166Opera del Duomo, Siena.

167Uffizi, Florence.

168W. Menzel,Christliche Symbolik.

169Die Sinnbilder und Beiworte Mariens in der deutschen Literatur und lateinischen Hymnenpoesie des Mittelalters.

170Rome.

171Ibid.

172Recherches sur l’origine du Blazon et en particulier la Fleur-de-Lis.

173Ragalium Franciæ, Libro duo, 1545.

174In possession of Sir J. Tobin.

175S. Chiara, Naples.

176Westminster Abbey.

177Psalterium cum Figuris, Bib. National.

178Roman des Trois Pélerinages, Bib. S. Geneviève.

179St Martin in Vignes, Troyes.

180Germanisches Museum, Nuremburg.

181Scenes from the Passion, Alte Pinakothek, Munich.

182Edmund G. Gardner, Florence.

183Louvre.

184Uffizi, Florence.

185First part ofKing Henry VI, Act I. sc. ii.

186Trial of Jeanne d’Arc, 1431.

187Florence.

188Rome.

189At Gaeta.

190British Museum.

191South Kensington Museum.

192Imperial Gallery, St Petersburg.

193Alte Pinakothek, Munich.

194Collection Mérode, Brussels.

195Spanish Handbook, first edition.

196Lower Church, Assisi.

197Uffizi, Florence.

198Pantheon, Rome.

199Uffizi, Florence.

200Belle Arti, Siena.

201SS. Annunziata, Arezzo.

202Museo di S. Marco, Florence.

203Uffizi, Florence.

204Vatican, Rome.

205Cathedral, S. Giminiano.

206National Gallery.

207Spedale degli Innocenti, Florence.

208Lives of the Painters, Titian.

209Diptych of Jeanne de Bourbon, Musée Condé, Chantilly.

210Collection of Prince U. Radziwill, Berlin.

211Royal Gallery, Berlin.

212British Museum.

213British Museum.

214W. Menzel,Christliche Symbolik.

215Dies in lætitiæ, Neale’s translation.

216The large transparent vase which stands beside the Madonna with the Child, by Jean Perréal, in the Louvre, contains iris, the white lily, lily of the valley and columbine.

217Duccio di Buoninsegna, National Gallery.

218Giovanni di Paolo, Vatican.

219Andrea Vanni, Collection Saracini, Siena.

220Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Belle Arti, Siena.

221Uffizi, Florence.

222Sacchetti.

223Museum of Padua.

224Vatican.

225Belle Arti, Siena.

226The Cathedral, Arezzo.

227Sermon on Ezekiel.

228Sermon on Amos and Zachariah.

229Tate Gallery.

230In the collection of Miss Hertz, Rome.

231Pinakothek, Munich.

232Milton.

233Botticini, Accademia; School of Botticelli, Accademia.

234Carotto, S. Eufemia, Verona.

235Alte Pinakothek.

236Rossello di Jacopo Franchi, Accademia, Florence.

237Luca Signorelli.

238Rathaus, Sterzing.

239Uffizi.

240Uffizi.

241Frankfort-on-Maine.

242S. Spirito, Florence.

243Yrjö Hirn,The Sacred Shrine.

244Wallraf Richartz Museum, Cologne.

245Uffizi.

246Goldene Schmiede.

247Huysman,La Cathédrale.

248Collection of Lady Jekyll.

249Tate Gallery, London.

250Lower Church, Assisi.

251Accademia, Florence.

252Uffizi, Florence.

253Goldene Schmiede.

254Die Sinnbilder und Beiworte Mariens in der deutschen Literatur und lateinischen Hymnenpoesie des Mittelalters.

255Uffizi, Florence.

256Spiritual Grace.

257Pinacoteca, Arezzo.

258Lives of the Painters, Signorelli.

259Cathedral, Perugia.

260Accademia, Florence.

261Collection Pierpont Morgan, America.

262Kaiser Friedrich Museum, Berlin.

263Cologne.

264Cologne.

265W. Menzel,Christliche Symbolik.

266Oratory of S. Bernardino, Siena.

267Vatican.

268National Gallery (now attributed to Botticini).

269Vatican.

270Vatican.

271Cathedral, Bagno di Romagna.

272Accademia, Florence.

273Robert Browning.

274Alte Pinakothek, Munich.

275Uffizi, Florence.

276Now in the Pinacoteca, Lucca.

277Ecclesiasticus xxiv. 17, 18, 20.

278Cant. Cantic.iv. 13.

279In Collection of the Duke of Devonshire.

280Cremona.

281Museum, Verona.

282A Sienese painter of the Franciscan Legend.

283Upper Church, Assisi.

284Capella dell’ Arena, Padua.

285Capella Baroncelli, Santa Croce, Florence.

286S. Girolamo Spello.

287Cathedral, Como.

288Alte Pinakothek, Munich.

289Rijks Museum, Amsterdam.

290Archæologia, vol. 45.

291Villa Masèr, near Treviso.

292S. Domenico, Siena.

293The name Catharine, it will be remembered, is from the GreekKatharos, which has the same signification as the lily,i.e., purity.

294Luini, S. Maurizio, Milan.

295S. Francesco, Assisi.

296Royal Gallery, Berlin.

297National Gallery, London.

298Seville Cathedral.

299Rome.

300Ghent Cathedral.

301Collection Gardener, Boston.

302Berlin.

303Paradise Lost.

304Vatican.

305Brera, Milan.

306Uffizi.

307Museum, Brussels.

308Belle Arti, Siena.

309Belle Arti, Siena.

310Ibid.

311Uffizi.

312Goldene Schmiede.

313Uffizi.

314Lives of the Painters.

315Joos van Cleeve, Royal Gallery, Brussels; Wolf Trant, National Museum, Munich.

316Florence.

317Imperial Gallery, Vienna.

318Museum, Rouen.

319Alte Pinakothek, Munich.

320Kaiser Friedrich Museum, Berlin.

321The ‘Chigi’ Madonna, Collection Gardener, Boston.

322W. Menzel,Christliche Symbolik.

323Museum. Colmar.

324German Museum, Nüremburg.

325Kunsthalle, Karlsruhe.

326Royal Gallery, Dresden.

327National Gallery.

328Museum, Berlin.

329Vatican Gallery.

330Capitoline Museum, Rome.

331National Gallery.

332“For as Jonas was three days and three nights in the whale’s belly; so shall the Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth” (Matt. xii. 40).

333Vatican Museum.

334Uffizi, Florence.

335Uffizi.

336Accademia, Florence.

337Pitti.

338Florence.

339German Museum, Nüremburg.

340Vatican Gallery.

341Ibid.

342Dr Anselm Salzer, O.S.B.Die Sinnbilder und Beiworte Mariens in der deutschen Literatur und lateinischen Hymnenpoesie des Mittelalters.

343Mrs Henry Jenner,Christian Symbolism.

344Vatican.

345Belle Arti, Siena.

346Town Museum, Solothurn.

347Belle Arti, Siena.

348Accademia, Venice.

349Brera, Milan.

350National Gallery, London.

351Sermon on the Assumption of the Virgin.

352Isaiah iv. 2.

353Imperial Gallery, Vienna.

354Town Museum, Bruges.

355Dom di Bartolo d’Asciano.

356II. Esdras II., 19.

357II. Esdras II., 18.

358Rat. Off. of Altars.

359Ad. Nat., 2, 3.

360Spiritual Grace.

361Imperial Gallery, Vienna.

362José Antolines, Alte Pinakothek, Munich.

363Murillo, Prado, Madrid.

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