RESTIONACEAE.FLOW. PL. AFR.Pl. 13.J. Fleischmann del.Restio compressus Rottb.AUpper part of a plant in flower.BInflorescence.CMale flower.DMale flower cut lengthwise.
RESTIONACEAE.FLOW. PL. AFR.Pl. 13.J. Fleischmann del.Restio compressus Rottb.AUpper part of a plant in flower.BInflorescence.CMale flower.DMale flower cut lengthwise.
RESTIONACEAE.
FLOW. PL. AFR.
Pl. 13.
J. Fleischmann del.
Restio compressus Rottb.
AUpper part of a plant in flower.BInflorescence.CMale flower.DMale flower cut lengthwise.
XYRIDACEAE.FLOW. PL. AFR.Pl. 14.J. Fleischmann del.Xyris angustifolia De Wild. & Dur.APlant in flower.BFlower (the third sepal has fallen off).CLower part of the flower cut lengthwise.
XYRIDACEAE.FLOW. PL. AFR.Pl. 14.J. Fleischmann del.Xyris angustifolia De Wild. & Dur.APlant in flower.BFlower (the third sepal has fallen off).CLower part of the flower cut lengthwise.
XYRIDACEAE.
FLOW. PL. AFR.
Pl. 14.
J. Fleischmann del.
Xyris angustifolia De Wild. & Dur.
APlant in flower.BFlower (the third sepal has fallen off).CLower part of the flower cut lengthwise.
FAMILY 24.XYRIDACEAE
Herbs. Leaves radical, linear. Flowers in spikes or heads with an involucre of imbricate bracts, hermaphrodite. Sepals 3, one much larger than the others and deciduous. Petals 3, united below into a tube. Fertile stamens 3, adnate to the petals; staminodes 3. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 1-celled or incompletely 3-celled. Ovules numerous, straight. Style 3-cleft. Fruit capsular. Embryo at the apex of the mealy albumen. (Plate 14.)
Genus 1, species 40. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used in medicine.XyrisL.
FAMILY 25.ERIOCAULACEAE
Herbs. Leaves radical, linear. Flowers in heads surrounded by an involucre, very small, monoecious. Perianth membranous, simple or double, rarely in the female flowers none. Stamens 2-6. Anthers 2-celled. Ovary superior, 2-3-celled, with one pendulous ovule in each cell. Styles or style-branches 2-3. Fruit capsular. Embryo small, at the apex of the albumen.—Genera 4, species 80. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 15.)
1. Stamens 2-3, opposite the petals. Petals of the male flowers united below, without a gland on the inside. Style-branches 6, three of which bear a stigma, rarely 3. [SubfamilyPAEPALANTHOIDEAE.]2Stamens 4-6, very rarely fewer, but then petals free. Petals usually witha gland on the inside near the apex. Style-branches 2-3, without alternating appendages. [SubfamilyERIOCAULOIDEAE.]32. Petals of the female flowers united at their middle part.—Species 6. Central and South Africa. (UnderPaepalanthusMart.)SyngonanthusRuhl.Petals of the female flowers free.—Species 3. West Africa and MascareneIslands.PaepalanthusMart.3. Petals united into a tube, but free at the base in the female flowers. Inner involucral bracts more or less spreading. Stamens 6.—Species 8.Tropics. Some are used in medicine. (Plate 15.)MesanthemumKoern.Petals free or absent. Inner involucral bracts rarely spreading.—Species60. Tropical and South Africa.EriocaulonL.
SUBORDER BROMELIINEAE
FAMILY 26.RAPATEACEAE
Herbs. Leaves radical, lanceolate. Flowers in heads with 2 large involucral bracts, regular, hermaphrodite. Perianth corolla-like, yellow or whitish, 6-lobed. Stamens 6, inserted in the tube of the perianth. Anthers linear, opening by two terminal pores. Ovary superior, 3-celled, with 1 ascending, inverted ovule in each cell. Style simple. Fruit capsular. Embryo near the apex of the mealy albumen.
Genus 1, species 1. West Africa (Liberia).MaschalocephalusGilg & Schum.
FAMILY 27.BROMELIACEAE
Herbs. Leaves for the most part radical, linear, toothed. Inflorescence terminal, cone-shaped. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Perianth consisting of a calyx and a corolla. Petals slightly cohering and bearing two scales at the base. Stamens 6, slightly adhering to the petals. Anthers linear, turned inwards. Ovary inferior or half-inferior, 3-celled, with many axile, inverted ovules. Style 1; stigmas 3. Fruits berry-like, united into a cone-shaped head. Embryo near the base of the mealy albumen.
Genus 1, species 1 (A. sativusSchult., pine-apple). Cultivated and often naturalised in the tropics. The edible fruit and the fibres of the leaves are used. (AnanassaLindl.)AnanasAdans.
SUBORDER COMMELININEAE
FAMILY 28.COMMELINACEAE
Herbs. Leaves alternate. Inflorescence cymose. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-segments 6, more or less distinctly separated into sepals and petals. Fertile stamens 2-6. Ovary superior, 2-3-celled. Ovules straight. Style terminal. Embryo near the apex of the more or less mealy albumen.—Genera 12, species 160. (Plate 16.)
1. Fruit indehiscent, ovate or globular. Ovary 3-celled. Petals free, white, more rarely pale pink or blueish. Inflorescence a panicle without spathe-like bracts. [Tribe POLLIEAE.]2Fruit dehiscing loculicidally.32. Pericarp succulent. Margin of the leaves silky. Perfect stamens 3.—Species10. West Africa and Upper Nile. Some are used as ornamental plants.PalisotaReichb.Pericarp crusty. Margin of the leaves nearly glabrous. Perfect stamens3 or 6.—Species 5. Tropics.PolliaThunb.3. Fertile stamens 2-3, sterile ones 0-4, often bearing empty anthers.[Tribe COMMELINEAE.]4Fertile stamens 5-6. [Tribe TRADESCANTIEAE.]74. Inflorescence in the axil of spathe-like bracts.5Inflorescence without spathe-like bracts.65. Sterile stamens with linear anther-halves cohering at the base. Ovary2-celled with 1 ovule in each cell. Petals white. Spathes on the elongate branches of a panicle.—Species 1. West Africa.PolyspathaBenth.Sterile stamens with cross-shaped anthers. Ovary usually 3-celled. Petals usually blue.—Species 80. Some have an edible root-stock or yield vegetables, medicaments, or dyeing-materials; others are used as ornamental plants.CommelinaL.6. Sepals large, equal, lanceolate, acute. Petals equal. Fruit with 3 equal-sized, many-seeded cells.—Species 1. East Africa.AnthericopsisEngl.
ERIOCAULACEAE.FLOW. PL. AFR.Pl. 15.J. Fleischmann del.Mesanthemum radicans (Benth.) Koern.APlant in flower.BInflorescence cut lengthwise.CBract.DMale flower.EMale flower laid open.FOlder female flower (from which the sepals have been removed excepting one).GOlder female flower laid open (the ovary cut lengthwise).
ERIOCAULACEAE.FLOW. PL. AFR.Pl. 15.J. Fleischmann del.Mesanthemum radicans (Benth.) Koern.APlant in flower.BInflorescence cut lengthwise.CBract.DMale flower.EMale flower laid open.FOlder female flower (from which the sepals have been removed excepting one).GOlder female flower laid open (the ovary cut lengthwise).
ERIOCAULACEAE.
FLOW. PL. AFR.
Pl. 15.
J. Fleischmann del.
Mesanthemum radicans (Benth.) Koern.
APlant in flower.BInflorescence cut lengthwise.CBract.DMale flower.EMale flower laid open.FOlder female flower (from which the sepals have been removed excepting one).GOlder female flower laid open (the ovary cut lengthwise).
COMMELINACEAE.FLOW. PL. AFR.Pl. 16.J. Fleischmann del.Aneilema beninense KunthAFlowering branch.BFlower (the ovary cut lengthwise).
COMMELINACEAE.FLOW. PL. AFR.Pl. 16.J. Fleischmann del.Aneilema beninense KunthAFlowering branch.BFlower (the ovary cut lengthwise).
COMMELINACEAE.
FLOW. PL. AFR.
Pl. 16.
J. Fleischmann del.
Aneilema beninense Kunth
AFlowering branch.BFlower (the ovary cut lengthwise).
Sepals small, unequal, ovate or oblong-ovate, obtuse. Petals unequal.Fruit with 2 cells, more rarely with 3, one of which is smaller and 1-2-seeded.—Species30. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Plate 16.)AneilemaR. Br.7. Petals united below into a tube, but sometimes free at the base, blueish or reddish. Ovary 3-celled with 1-2 ovules in each cell.8Petals free or nearly so.98. Stamens inserted towards the top of the corolla-tube. Petals united from the base.—Species 5. Tropical and South Africa.ColeotrypeC. B. ClarkeStamens inserted at the base of the corolla. Petals free at the base.—Species15. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants.CyanotisDon9. Ovary 2-celled with 1 ovule in each cell. Fruit ovate. Filaments glabrous.Petals red or yellow. Inflorescence a panicle.—Species 9. Tropical and South-east Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants.FloscopaLour.Ovary 3-celled.1010. Ovules 4-10 in each cell. Fruit oblong. Filaments glabrous. Petals whitish. Inflorescence a panicle.—Species 2. Central Africa.BuforrestiaC. B. ClarkeOvules 1-2 in each cell. Fruit ovoid or globular. Stamens hairy. Inflorescence spike-, head-, or umbel-like.1111. Ovules 2 in each cell; in the dorsal cell sometimes solitary. Fruit subglobular.Stamens with a narrow connective. Sepals herbaceous, green.Inflorescence spike- or head-like. Stem long.—Species 3. EquatorialWest Africa.ForrestiaA. Rich.Ovule 1 in each cell. Fruit ovoid. Stamens with a broad connective.Sepals subpetaloid. Inflorescence umbel-like and surrounded by an involucre of two bracts. Stem short.—Species 1. West Africa (Congo).RhoeoHance
SUBORDER PONTEDERIINEAE
FAMILY 29.PONTEDERIACEAE
Aquatic herbs. Flowers in spikes, racemes or panicles, without bracts, hermaphrodite. Perianth-segments 6, petaloid, white, yellow or blue, united below into a tube, rarely nearly free. Stamens 3 or 6, affixed to the perianth. Anthers oblong. Ovary superior, 1-or 3-celled, with numerous inverted ovules. Style simple. Fruit a loculicidal, many-seeded capsule. Seeds with a ribbed testa, a copious mealy albumen, and a long cylindrical embryo.—Genera 3, species 5. Tropics.
1. Stamens 3. Ovary 1-celled or incompletely 3-celled. Perianth funnel-shaped, with a distinct tube.—Species 3. Central Africa.HeterantheraRuiz & Pav.Stamens 6. Ovary 3-celled. Perianth blue or violet.22. Perianth funnel-shaped, with a distinct tube; Filaments thread-like. Anthers attached by the back. Stigma entire or shortly lobed.—Species 1.Tropics. Used as an ornamental plant.EichhorniaKunthPerianth bell-shaped, with nearly free segments. Filament of the largest stamen toothed at the base. Anthers attached by the base. Stigma deeply cleft.—Species 1. Central Africa (Upper Nile and Kasai).Used as an ornamental plant, and in medicine.MonochoriaPresl
FAMILY 30.CYANASTRACEAE
Herbs. Root-stock tuberous. Leaves elliptical or cordate, with curved main-nerves. Flowers in terminal racemes or panicles, provided with bracts. Perianth-segments 6, petaloid, shortly united at the base. Stamens 6, inserted at the base of the perianth, more or less united below. Anthers linear, longer than the filaments, opening by short slits at the apex. Ovary slightly sunk in the receptacle, deeply lobed, 3-celled. Ovules 2 in each cell, ascending, inverted. Style simple, with a 3-lobed stigma. Fruit a 1-seeded nut. Seed with a thin testa, a copious albumen, and a transversely-ovate marginal embryo. (UnderPONTEDERIACEAEorHAEMODORACEAE.)
Genus 1, species 5. Central Africa. Some have edible tubers. (SchoenlandiaCornu).CyanastrumOliv.
ORDER LILIIFLORAE
SUBORDER JUNCINEAE
FAMILY 31.JUNCACEAE
Leaves linear or reduced to the sheath. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Perianth-segments 6, free, stiff, usually green. Stamens 3 or 6. Ovary superior, 1-or 3-celled. Ovules 3 or more, inverted. Style 1; stigmas 3, elongated. Fruit capsular. Seeds with a straight axile embryo and abundant albumen.—Genera 3, species 55. (Plate 17.)
1. Stem woody. Leaves at its top, stiff, serrate. Ovary 3-celled, with 2 or few ovules in each cell. Style very short. Seeds with a large embryo and appressed testa.—Species 1. South Africa. It yields fibres and vegetables and is used for plaiting-work. “Palmiet.” (Plate 17.)PrioniumE. Mey.Stem herbaceous. Style thread-like. Seeds with a small embryo.22. Ovary 1-celled, with 3 basal ovules. Leaves with a closed sheath and ciliate margins.—Species 10. North and South Africa and high mountains of Central Africa. “Wood-rush.”LuzulaDC.Ovary 1-3-celled, with numerous parietal or axile ovules.—Species 45.Some are used in medicine or for plaiting-work. “Rush.”JuncusL.
JUNCACEAE.FLOW. PL. AFR.Pl. 17.J. Fleischmann del.Prionium serratum DregeAInflorescence.BBranch of the inflorescence.COlder flower.DYounger flower cut lengthwise.ELeaf.
JUNCACEAE.FLOW. PL. AFR.Pl. 17.J. Fleischmann del.Prionium serratum DregeAInflorescence.BBranch of the inflorescence.COlder flower.DYounger flower cut lengthwise.ELeaf.
JUNCACEAE.
FLOW. PL. AFR.
Pl. 17.
J. Fleischmann del.
Prionium serratum Drege
AInflorescence.BBranch of the inflorescence.COlder flower.DYounger flower cut lengthwise.ELeaf.
LILIACEAE.FLOW. PL. AFR.Pl. 18.J. Fleischmann del.Dracaena Perrotetii Bak.AFlowering branch.BFlower cut lengthwise.
LILIACEAE.FLOW. PL. AFR.Pl. 18.J. Fleischmann del.Dracaena Perrotetii Bak.AFlowering branch.BFlower cut lengthwise.
LILIACEAE.
FLOW. PL. AFR.
Pl. 18.
J. Fleischmann del.
Dracaena Perrotetii Bak.
AFlowering branch.BFlower cut lengthwise.
SUBORDER LILIINEAE
FAMILY 32.LILIACEAE
Perianth more or less corolla-like. Stamens 6, rarely fewer. Ovary superior, usually 2-5-celled, rarely 1-celled with parietal placentas. Seeds with a small embryo and abundant, fleshy or horny albumen.—Genera 79, species 1450. (IncludingCOLCHICACEAEandSMILACEAE.) (Plate 18.)
1. Underground part of the stem a bulb or a corm.2Underground part of the stem a rootstock or not distinctly developed.412. Leaves all radical, rarely also some much smaller cauline leaves present.3Leaves distributed along the stem or crowded at its top.313. Stem arising out of a corm, very short, underground during the time of flowering, bearing 1-3 flowers at the top. Perianth with a very long, sometimes split tube. Capsule opening septicidally. [Tribe COLCHICEAE.]4Stem arising out of a bulb. Flowers in racemes or umbels, very rarely solitary. Perianth with a not very long tube or without a tube. Capsule opening loculicidally.54. Perianth-segments free.—Species 2. Algeria and Abyssinia. Used as ornamental plants.MerenderaRam.Perianth-segments united below.—Species 5. North Africa. Poisonous and used as medicinal and ornamental plants.ColchicumL.5. Flowers in cymose umbels or heads surrounded by 2-3 bracts. Scape distinctly developed. Leaves usually linear. Perianth-segments free or united at the base only. [Tribe ALLIEAE.]6Flowers in racemes, corymbs, or spikes, very rarely solitary, rarely in umbels or heads surrounded by 3 or more bracts, but then scape almost wanting, leaves oblong to ovate, spreading, and perianth-segments united to the middle or higher up.86. Inflorescence surrounded by narrow bracts. Radical leaves 1-3. Perianth usually yellow.—Species 10. North Africa.GageaSalisb.Inflorescence surrounded by broad membranous bracts usually united at the base.77. Perianth-segments united into a short tube at the base. Filaments dilated.Ovules in each ovary-cell 6-12. Smell not alliaceous.—Species 2.Cultivated and sometimes naturalised in North Africa, the MascareneIslands, and St. Helena. Ornamental plants. (MillaCav.)NothoscordumKunthPerianth-segments free or nearly free. Ovules in each ovary-cell 2, rarely3-6. Smell alliaceous.—Species 30. North Africa, Abyssinia, southernWest Africa, and South Africa. Some of them (onion, leek, garlic) are cultivated as vegetables or pot-herbs, and yield also condiments, medicaments,and glue; others are used as ornamental plants.AlliumL.8. Anthers attached by the base. Stem or inflorescence branched or twining.Leaves vanishing before the time of flowering. [Tribe ASPHODELEAE,SubtribeERIOSPERMINAE.]9Anthers attached by the back. Stem simple. [Tribe SCILLEAE.]109. Inflorescence twining, bearing flowers on its upper branches only. Seeds oblong, with a small embryo.—Species 1. South Africa. Used as an ornamental plant.BowieaHarv.Inflorescence bearing flowers on all its branches or not branched. Seeds ovoid or globose, with a large embryo.—Species 7. South Africa toAngola.SchizobasisBak.10. Flowers in nearly sessile heads or umbels surrounded by an involucre.Perianth-segments united into a tube below. Leaves 2, oblong or ovate.11Flowers in racemes or spikes, rarely solitary.1211. Perianth-segments very unequal. Filaments free.—Species 3. SouthAfrica. Used as ornamental plants.DaubenyaLindl.Perianth-segments subequal. Filaments united at the base.—Species 30.South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants.MassoniaThunb.12. Perianth-segments free or nearly free.13Perianth-segments united into a tube below.1813. Seeds flattened or sharply angled, more or less distinctly winged. Perianth white, yellow, or green.14Seeds globose or obovoid.1514. Perianth persistent; inner segments somewhat shorter than the outer, connivent at the top, hood-shaped or crested.—Species 70. South andCentral Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants.AlbucaL.Perianth deciduous; segments subequal, spreading or connivent and bell-shaped.—Species 55. Some of them are poisonous or used in medicine or as ornamental plants.UrgineaSteinh.15. Inflorescence racemose, crowned by a tuft of leafy bracts. Perianth greenish.—Species 10. South Africa to Nyasaland. Some are used as ornamental plants.EucomisL’Hér.Inflorescence without a terminal tuft of bracts.1616. Perianth-segments convex, connivent at the top, whitish. Flowers in spikes or spike-like racemes, sessile or short-stalked, the uppermost abortive. Filaments broadened almost to the top.—Species 17. Central and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants.DrimiopsisLindl.Perianth-segments spreading or campanulately-connivent at the base.Flowers in racemes, long- or short-stalked, in the latter case filaments thread-shaped or broadened at the base only.1717. Perianth-segments 1-nerved, blue or red, rarely whitish or greenish. Stamens affixed to the perianth; filaments thread-shaped or broadened atthe base only.—Species 100. Some have edible bulbs or are used in medicine or as ornamental plants. “Squill.” (IncludingEndymionDumort.)ScillaL.Perianth-segments obscurely many-nerved, white or yellow and usually striped, rarely brownish or greenish. Stamens usually free from the perianth and with flattened filaments.—Species 90. Some have edible bulbs.OrnithogalumL.18. Perianth-tube cylindrical, linear or oblong in section.19Perianth-tube bell-, urn-, funnel-, or saucer-shaped.2319. Perianth-segments very short and broad, more or less ovate.20Perianth-segments narrow and more or less elongated.2120. Perianth falling off after flowering. Stamens inserted below the throat; filaments very short. Ovules numerous. Seeds flattened. Leaves awl-shaped. Flowers solitary or in pairs.—Species 1. South Africa.LitanthusHarv.Perianth withering. Stamens inserted in the middle of the tube; filaments thread-shaped. Ovules 2 in each cell. Seeds thick. Leaves strap-shaped.Flowers in dense racemes.—Species 3. South Africa. Used as ornamental plants.VeltheimiaGled.21. Seeds flattened. Anthers linear. Perianth-segments unequal, the outer spreading, the inner erect, as long as or shorter than the outer. Leaves linear, usually more than 2.—Species 60.DipcadiMedik.Seeds thick. Anthers oblong. Perianth-segments equal or, if unequal, the inner usually longer than the outer. Leaves oblong or lanceolate, more rarely linear, usually 2.2222. Perianth-segments equal, lanceolate, shorter than the tube. Stamens inserted at the throat of the perianth. Leaves 2, oblong.—Species 10.South Africa.PolyxenaKunthPerianth-segments more or less unequal in length, oblong or spatulate.Stamens inserted in the tube of the perianth.—Species 40. SouthAfrica. Some are used as ornamental plants.LachenaliaJacq.23. Perianth-segments very short, usually blue.24Perianth-segments half as long as the tube or longer.2524. Perianth urn-shaped. Ovules 2 in each cell.—Species 7. North Africa.Several species serve as ornamental plants; the bulbs are used in medicine and as a substitute for soap.MuscariMill.Perianth bell-shaped. Ovules 5-6 in each cell.—Species 1. Madagascar.RhodocodonBak.25. Perianth-segments unequal, the inner longer. Leaves 2, rarely 3-5.(See 22.)LachenaliaJacq.Perianth-segments nearly equal.2626. Perianth with a very short tube and spreading segments. Filaments united at the base. Leaves 2, broad. Flowers in spikes.—Species 1.South Africa (Cape Colony).WhiteheadiaHarv.Perianth with a more or less elongated tube, very rarely with a short tube,but with erect segments. Leaves 2, narrow, or more.2727. Seeds globular or obovoid, turgid. Ovules 2-6 in each cell.—Species12. North and South Africa, southern East Africa, and Madagascar.Some species are used in medicine, perfumery, or gardening. (IncludingBellevaliaLapeyr.).HyacinthusL.Seeds flattened or angular. Ovules 6 or more in each cell. Flowers whitish.2828. Perianth-segments erect or converging.29Perianth-segments spreading or bent back.3029. Perianth funnel-shaped; segments half as long as the curved tube. Stamens inserted at the throat. Ovary oblong. Style subulate. Leaves large, lanceolate. Raceme dense, about 100-flowered.—Species 2. GermanSouth-west Africa.PseudogaltoniaKuntzePerianth bell-shaped; segments as long as the tube or longer. Stamens inserted below the throat. Ovary ovate. Style short, columnar.Leaves short, linear. Raceme lax, 6-20-flowered.—Species 2. SouthAfrica (Cape Colony).RhadamantusSalisb.30. Perianth withering; segments as long as the tube, the outer oblong, the inner obovate. Stamens inserted below the throat. Seeds angular.—Species3. South Africa. Used as ornamental plants.GaltoniaDecne.Perianth falling off after flowering; segments somewhat longer than the tube, linear or oblong. Stamens inserted at the throat. Seeds discoid.—Species30. Southern and tropical Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants.DrimiaJacq.31. (2.) Anthers turned outwards, opening outwards or laterally. Styles 3.[Tribe ANGUILLARIEAE.]32Anthers turned inwards, opening inwards or laterally. Style 1, sometimes very short, with 1-3 stigmas. Flowers solitary or in lax, few-flowered racemes or umbels.3732. Capsule opening loculicidally. Flowers long-stalked, solitary or in racemes, rarely short-stalked and then solitary and axillary. Perianth dark brown.33Capsule opening septicidally. Flowers sessile or short-stalked, in spikes, spike-like racemes, or heads, rarely solitary and terminal.3433. Perianth deciduous; segments without a gland at the base. Stamens with thickened filaments. Flowers solitary, axillary.—Species 10.Tropics and northern South Africa.IphigeniaKunthPerianth persistent; segments with a gland at the base. Stamens with thread-shaped filaments. Flowers in racemes.—Species 3. SouthAfrica, southern Central Africa, and Madagascar. Used as ornamental plants.OrnithoglossumSalisb.34. Perianth-segments united below, persistent. Stigmas capitate. Flowers in spikes, without bracts.—Species 4. South Africa and mountainsof Central Africa. Used as ornamental plants.WurmbeaThunb.Perianth-segments free, clawed. Flowers in heads or racemes, rarely solitary or in spikes; in the latter case perianth deciduous and stigmas on the inside of the styles.3535. Flowers in spikes, without bracts. Perianth deciduous, whitish. Ovary3-lobed, obovate.—Species 3. South Africa (Cape Colony). (IncludingNeodregeaWright).DipidaxSalisb.Flowers in heads or racemes, rarely solitary, provided with bracts. Perianth persistent.3636. Flowers in racemes or solitary. Stigmas lateral. Ovary triangular-cylindrical.Perianth yellow or red. Stem distinctly developed.—Species1. South Africa (Cape Colony).BaeometraSalisb.Flowers in heads. Stigmas minute. Ovary usually ovoid.—Species20. South, East, and North Africa. (ErythrostictusSchlecht.)AndrocymbiumWilld.37. Flowers large, usually solitary. Perianth deciduous, bell- or funnel-shaped, usually white or reddish. Anthers linear or oblong. Stigma usually3-lobed. [Tribe TULIPEAE.]38Flowers rather small, usually umbellate. Perianth persistent, finally more or less wheel-shaped with spreading segments, usually yellow. Anthers ovate or oblong. Stigma usually simple.4038. Perianth funnel-shaped, white; segments recurved at the apex. Anthers attached by the back. Flowers in racemes.—Species 1. North Africa.Used as an ornamental plant. “Lily.”LiliumL.Perianth bell-shaped, usually reddish; segments more or less erect, not recurved. Anthers attached by the base. Flowers usually solitary.3939. Flowers drooping. Perianth-segments with a nectar-bearing pit or spot at the base. Style long.—Species 2. North-west Africa (Algeria).Used as ornamental plants.FritillariaL.Flowers erect, sometimes slightly drooping before flowering. Perianth-segments without a pit, but often with a nectar-bearing spot at the base.Style very short.—Species 2. North-west Africa (Algeria). Used as ornamental plants. “Tulip.”TulipaL.40. Perianth funnel-shaped, whitish, with oblong-ovate segments. Style short; stigma 3-lobed.—Species 1. North Africa (Cyrenaica).LloydiaSalisb.Perianth wheel-shaped, usually yellow and with lanceolate segments. (See 6.)GageaSalisb.41. (1.) Branches leaf-like, but often awl-shaped. Leaves scale-like. Flowers axillary, solitary or in pairs, more rarely in fascicles, umbels, or racemes.Fruit a berry. [Tribe ASPARAGEAE.]42Branches not leaf-like; stem usually simple. Leaves well developed.4442. Flowers inserted at the base of the usually linear leaf-like branches. Perianth-segments free or slightly united at the base. Stamens 6, with free filaments.—Species 80. Some of them are used as vegetables, medicinal-,ornamental-, or hedge-plants. (IncludingMyrsiphyllumWilld.)AsparagusL.Flowers inserted on the surface or margin of the lanceolate or broader leaf-like branches. Stamens with united filaments.4343. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-segments united high up. Anthers 6.Ovary 3-celled. Style distinctly developed; stigmas 3.—Species 1.Canary Islands, Madeira, and Azores.SemeleKunthFlowers dioecious. Perianth-segments free. Anthers 3. Ovary 1-celled.Style very short; stigma lobed.—Species 2. North Africa. Used as ornamental and medicinal plants.RuscusL.44. Flowers solitary, axillary. Anthers turned outwards. Fruit capsular.[Tribe UVULARIEAE.]45Flowers solitary but terminal or collected into various inflorescences.Anthers turned inwards.4745. Perianth-segments free, spreading or reflexed. Style bent downwards at the base.—Species 5. Tropical and South Africa. Poisonous and used as medicinal and ornamental plants; some of them yield starch.GloriosaL.Perianth-segments united below or connivent. Style not bent downwards.4646. Perianth-segments free or almost so, with a nectar-bearing cavity at their base.—Species 6. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants.LittoniaHook. fil.Perianth-segments united almost to the top into a pitcher-shaped tube, with a short spur at the base.—Species 1. South-East Africa. Used as an ornamental plant.SandersoniaHook. fil.47. Flowers solitary, in 2-3-flowered heads, in axillary cymes, or in umbels, the latter sometimes arranged in racemes.48Flowers in spikes, racemes, or panicles, which are sometimes contracted into many-flowered heads or consist of fascicles or cymes.5248. Stem herbaceous. Leaves radical, linear, parallel-veined. Inflorescence terminal. Fruit a capsule.49Stem woody at least at the base, usually climbing. Leaves cauline, oblong or broader, net-veined. Inflorescence axillary. Fruit a berry.5149. Flowers solitary or in groups of 2-3, surrounded by an involucre of 5-7 bracts, sessile. Perianth-segments free. Ovary-cells with a single ovule.—Species 1. North Africa. [Tribe APHYLLANTHEAE.]AphyllanthesL.Flowers in umbels enclosed by 2 bracts. Perianth-segments united below.Ovary-cells with many ovules. [Tribe AGAPANTHEAE.]5050. Perianth with a long tube and a corona at the throat. Style short, columnar.—Species20. South Africa and southern Central Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants.TulbaghiaL.Perianth with a short tube, without a corona. Style filiform. Seeds winged.—Species 3. South Africa. Used as ornamental plants.AgapanthusL’ Hér.51. Flowers in cymes, hermaphrodite. Perianth-segments united below intoa long tube.—Species 1. South Africa. [Tribe LUZURIAGEAE.]BehniaDidrichs.Flowers in umbels, dioecious. Perianth-segments free.—Species 9. Some of them are used medicinally. [Tribe SMILACEAE.]SmilaxTourn.52. Perianth-segments free or almost so, more or less spreading. Stem herbaceous.Ovary 3-celled. [Tribe ASPHODELEAE.]53Perianth-segments evidently united at their base or connivent into a long tube, rarely almost free and not connivent into a tube, but then stem woody, very seldom herbaceous plants growing upon trees and havinga 1-celled ovary.6653. Anthers attached by the base or between the lobes of the base.54Anthers attached by the back.6254. Anthers opening by terminal pores, sometimes prolonged into slits. Filaments thickened. Perianth blue, rarely white. Fruit a berry. Leaves2-ranked, linear. Flowers in lax panicles.—Species 2, one native inMadagascar and the neighbouring islands, the other one naturalized in the Island of St. Helena. They are used as ornamental and medicinal plants; the berries are poisonous. [SubtribeDIANELLINAE.]DianellaLam.Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Fruit a capsule. Leaves in several ranks or 1-2 only present. Flowers usually in racemes.5555. Anthers without a pit at the base. Perianth more or less campanulate.Seeds woolly. Root-stock tuberous. Leaves 1-3, usually a single leaf.—Species 50. South and Central Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. [SubtribeERIOSPERMINAE.]EriospermumJacq.Anthers attached to the filament in a small pit at the base. Perianth more or less rotate. [SubtribesANTHERICINAEandASPHODELINAE.]5656. Perianth spirally twisted after flowering, blue violet or red. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell.57Perianth not twisted, usually white. Ovules 4 or more in each ovary-cell.5857. Stamens free or the inner attached to the perianth; filaments flattened.Perianth blue. Stem very short, 2-3-flowered.—Species 1. SouthAfrica (Cape Colony).NanolirionBenth.Stamens attached to the perianth; filaments thread-shaped. Stem long, many-flowered.—Species 4. South Africa and Madagascar.CaesiaR. Br.58. Ovules many in each cell. Filaments short and broad. Perianth funnel-shaped, with erect segments.—Species 3. West Africa. (DebesiaKuntze).AcrospiraWelw.Ovules 4-8 in each cell. Filaments thread-shaped or slightly broadened in the middle.5959. Stamens as long as or longer than the perianth. Flowers almost sessile.60Stamens shorter than the perianth. Flowers distinctly stalked.6160. Perianth-segments erect. Leaves broadly elliptical.—Species 1. SouthernWest Africa.VerdickiaDe Wild.Perianth-segments spreading. Leaves linear or lanceolate.—Species 15.Central Africa. (UnderChlorophytumKer).DasystachysBak.61. Fruit deeply 3-lobed or acutely angled. Seeds discoid.—Species 80.Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants.ChlorophytumKerFruit not distinctly lobed, obtusely angled. Filaments thread-shaped.—Species120. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (PhalangiumJuss.)AnthericumL.62. (53.) Anthers attached to the filament in a small dorsal pit.63Anthers without a dorsal pit.6563. Perianth wheel-shaped, with spreading 5-nerved segments, white on the inner face, violet or red on the outer. Filaments woolly. Seeds globular or ovoid.—Species 1. North-West Africa. Used in medicine.SimethisKunthPerianth bell- or funnel-shaped, with more or less connivent, 1-nerved segments. Seeds triquetrous.6464. Perianth yellow. Filaments distinctly unequal, bent downwards. Stem bearing leaves to the middle or higher up.—Species 2. North Africa.Used as ornamental or medicinal plants.AsphodelineReichb.Perianth white or reddish. Filaments subequal. Stem bearing leaves at the base only.—Species 10. North Africa, northern East Africa, andMascarene Islands. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants or for preparing glue.AsphodelusL.65. Filaments glabrous. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Perianth white or yellow.—Species 9. South Africa.BulbinellaKunthFilaments bearded. Ovules 3 or more in each ovary-cell. Perianth yellow, rarely whitish.—Species 30. South and Central Africa. Some are poisonous to cattle.BulbineL.66. (52.) Stamens free from the perianth, rarely (Lomatophyllum) slightly attached to it at the base. Anthers attached to the tip of the filament in a small pit. Perianth-segments evidently united or connivent intoa narrow tube at the base. Fruit a capsule which is rarely fleshy.Leaves leathery and all radical, or more or less fleshy. [Tribe ALOINEAE.]67Stamens attached to the perianth, rarely almost free, but then anthers without a pit, perianth-segments almost free, spreading or globosely-connivent, fruit a berry, and leaves not fleshy.7567. Leaves leathery, minutely toothed or entire, radical or nearly so. Inflorescence terminal, simple, densely racemose, upon an almost naked stalk. Perianth usually yellow or red; limb regular or nearly so, not 2-lipped. [SubtribeKNIPHOFIINAE.]68Leaves fleshy and usually prickly, generally inserted on a woody stem, rarely leathery, but then inflorescence subcapitate or loosely racemose or perianth with a 2-lipped limb. Inflorescence axillary, but often apparently terminal. [SubtribeALOINAE.]6968. Perianth campanulate, with a short and wide tube. Flowers spreading,rarely erect.—Species 5. South Africa to Angola.NotosceptrumBenth.Perianth cylindrical, with a long and narrow tube. Flowers more or less drooping, rarely erect.—Species 65. South and East Africa to Katanga and Madagascar. Some are used as ornamental plants.KniphofiaMoench69. Perianth-segments erect or converging. Flowers usually large and red or yellow.70Perianth-segments spreading or bent back. Flowers usually small and whitish.7270. Perianth-tube long, curved, swollen below, cylindrical above. Perianth usually red. Stamens shorter than the perianth. Stem short. Leaves not toothed. Racemes lax, one-sided.—Species 40. South Africa.Most of them are used as ornamental plants.GasteriaDuvalPerianth-tube straight or almost so, cylindrical or campanulate. Perianth usually reddish-yellow. Stamens as long as the perianth or somewhat longer.7171. Flowers small, erect, whitish, with minute bracts. Perianth-segments free. Stamens exserted. Filaments thread-shaped. Leaves not awned.—Species1. South Africa (Cape Colony). (UnderAloëL.)ChamaealoëBerg.Flowers large, spreading or drooping, yellow or red, rarely small erect and whitish, but then bracts large, filaments flattened, and leaves long-awned.—Species160. They yield fibre, vegetables, dye-stuffs, vermin-poison, and medicaments, and are often used as ornamental plants.AloëL.72. Perianth with a 2-lipped limb. Stamens shorter than the perianth. Fruit dry.73Perianth with a regular, stellate limb. Stem woody.7473. Ovary and fruit conical, acuminate. Leaves leathery, jointed, dilated at the base and forming a bulb.—Species 4. South Africa to Angola.(UnderHaworthiaDuval)ChortolirionBerg.Ovary and fruit rounded at the top. Leaves fleshy, not jointed and not forming a bulb.—Species 60. South Africa to Angola. Some are used as ornamental plants.HaworthiaDuval74. Perianth with short segments, whitish. Stamens equalling the perianth-tube.Fruit dry.—Species 9. South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants.ApicraWilld.Perianth with long segments, red or green. Fruit fleshy.—Species 3. MascareneIslands. Used as ornamental plants.LomatophyllumWilld.75. (66.) Anthers attached to the tip of the filament in a pit at their back.Ovary 3-celled with many ovules in each cell. Fruit a leathery capsule.Flowers yellowish-red, large, panicled. Leaves all radical. [TribeHEMEROCALLEAE.]76Anthers without a pit. Ovary 3-celled with 1-8 ovules in each cell, or incompletely 6-celled, or 1-celled. Fruit a berry, rarely a fleshy capsuleor a nut. Flowers usually whitish.7776. Leaves herbaceous. Inflorescence few-flowered. Seeds ovate, angled.—Species1. Naturalised in the Mascarene Islands. A garden-plant.“Day-lily.”HemerocallisL.Leaves leathery. Inflorescence many-flowered. Seeds oblong, winged.—Species1 (Ph. tenaxForst., New-Zealand-flax). Cultivated in SouthAfrica and the Mascarene Islands. Yields fibre and is used as an ornamental and medicinal plant.PhormiumForst.77. Perianth-segments globosely-campanulately converging, slightly cohering at the base. Stamens with the filaments thickened at the apex and with sagittate basifixed anthers. Ovary 3-celled, each cell with an incomplete partition and numerous ovules. Leaves serrate, crowded at the top of the woody stem.—Species 2. Cultivated and naturalised in theMascarene Islands and the island of Zanzibar. They yield fibre and starch and are used as ornamental plants. [Tribe YUCCEAE.]YuccaL.Perianth-segments spreading towards the tip. Stamens with thread-like filaments or with dorsifixed anthers. Ovary 3-celled with 1-8 ovules in each cell, or 1-celled. [Tribe DRACAENEAE.]7878. Ovary 1-celled with numerous ovules. Style short or wanting. Anthers attached at or near the base, opening laterally. Flowers polygamous, in panicles formed of spikes. Leaves all radical.—Species 1. MascareneIslands. It yields fibre and is used as an ornamental plant.AsteliaBanks & Soland.Ovary 3-celled with 1-8 ovules in each cell. Anthers attached by the back.7979. Ovules 4-8 in each ovary-cell. Style short and thick. Perianth-segments almost free. Flowers in repeatedly branched panicles. Stem woody.—Species2. Mascarene Islands. Used as ornamental plants. (UnderCordylineCommers.)CohniaKunthOvules solitary in each ovary-cell. Style long and slender. Perianth-segments evidently united.8080. Leaves all radical, springing from a short root-stock, cartilaginous. Flowers in racemes composed of fascicles. Ovary sessile with a large base.Fruit an achene with a membranous pericarp. Seed-coat fleshy.—Species25. Tropical and South Africa. Many of them yield fibre and are used as ornamental plants. “Bowstring-hemp.” (SanseveriniaPetagna).SansevieriaThunb.Leaves springing from a sometimes very short woody stem, herbaceous or leathery. Fruit a berry.—Species 65. Tropical and South Africa and Canary Islands. Several species yield a resin (dragon’s blood) employed medicinally and industrially; some are used for plaiting-work or as ornamental plants.DracaenaVand.
FAMILY 33.HAEMODORACEAE
Herbs. Leaves narrow, 2-ranked. Flowers in racemes or panicles, rarely solitary, hermaphrodite. Perianth yellow; segments 6, petal-like, free orshortly united at the base. Stamens 3, opposite the inner perianth-segments and attached at their base. Anthers turned inwards. Ovary 3-celled; two cells sometimes sterile. Style simple, with a simple stigma, rarely 3-parted. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds flat. Embryo small, enclosed by the base of the albumen.—Genera 4, species 6. South Africa.
1. Ovary superior, 1-3-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell.2Ovary inferior, 3-celled. Flowers regular.32. Ovary with 1 fertile cell. Flowers regular, glabrous, in racemes.—Species1. Natal and Kaffraria.BarberettaHarv.Ovary with 3 fertile cells. Flowers irregular, hairy, in panicles.—Species 2.Cape Colony. Used as ornamental plants. The roots contain a red dye-stuff.WachendorfiaL.3. Ovary with 1 ovule in each cell. Flowers hairy, in panicles.—Species 2.Cape Colony.DilatrisBergOvary with numerous ovules in each cell. Flowers glabrous, solitary.—Species1. Cape Colony.PauridiaHarv.
FAMILY 34.AMARYLLIDACEAE
Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth corolla-like. Stamens 6, rarely (Gethyllis) more. Anthers introrse. Ovary inferior, rarely half-inferior or (Walleria) almost superior, 3-celled, with slightly projecting axillary placentas. Ovules inverted. Embryo small, straight, lateral, enclosed by the fleshy albumen.—Genera 33, species 310. (IncludingHYPOXIDACEAE.) (Plate 19.)
1. Underground part of the stem a bulb or a corm, rarely a short root-stock.Leaves all radical. Flowers solitary or in umbels; inflorescence surrounded by a spathe. [SubfamilyAMARYLLIDOIDEAE.]2Underground part of the stem a root-stock. Flowers in spikes, racemes or panicles, rarely solitary or in umbels, but without a spathe.272. Perianth furnished with a corona, which sometimes is reduced to a narrow ring or a crown of hairs. [Tribe NARCISSEAE.]3Perianth without a corona. [Tribe AMARYLLIDEAE.]83. Stamens inserted within the corona. Corona cup- or ring-shaped or consisting of 12 scales. [SubtribeNARCISSINAE.]4Stamens inserted on the edge of the cup- or funnel-shaped corona; corona rarely reduced to a crown of hairs.64. Corona of 12 free scales. Perianth tubular, red. Fruit a berry.—Species2. Central Africa (British East Africa and Angola).CryptostephanusWelw.Corona cup- or ring-shaped, undivided or lobed. Perianth bell-, funnel-, or salver-shaped, usually white or yellow. Fruit a capsule.55. Perianth funnel-shaped, with a very short tube, yellow. Corona little developed, 6- or 12-lobed.—Species 1. North-West Africa. (CarregnoaBoiss.)TapeinanthusHerb.Perianth salver- or bell-shaped, with a more or less elongated tube.—Species10. North Africa. Used as ornamental plants, in the preparation of perfumes, and in medicine; some species are poisonous. (IncludingAureliaGay andCorbulariaHaw.)NarcissusL.6. Perianth salver-shaped, with a cylindrical tube and linear segments, white.Corona funnel-shaped. Ovary with 2 ovules in each cell.—Species 1.West Africa. Used as an ornamental plant. [SubtribeEUCHARIDINAE.]HymenocallisSalisb.Perianth funnel-shaped. Ovary with many ovules in each cell. [SubtribePANCRATIINAE.]77. Flowers white, regular. Corona large, cup-shaped. Stigma 1.—Species8. Northern and tropical Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants, for the preparation of starch, and in medicine.PancratiumL.Flowers red, slightly irregular. Corona reduced to a crown of hairs.Stigmas 3.—Species 2. Naturalised in the West African islands St.Thomas and Princes Island. Ornamental plants.HippeastrumHerb.8. (2.) Ovules 1-6 in each cell of the ovary. Perianth-segments free or united below into a short tube. [SubtribeHAEMANTHINAE.]9Ovules many in each cell of the ovary.149. Perianth divided nearly or quite to the ovary. Spathe consisting of two narrow bracts.10Perianth with a distinct tube. Spathe of two broad bracts or of more than two bracts. Anthers oblong, attached by the back.1110. Anthers globose, attached by the base. Ovules 1-4 in each ovary-cell.Perianth red.—Species 10. South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (IncludingCarpolyzaSalisb.)HesseaHerb.Anthers oblong, attached by the back. Ovules 5-6 in each ovary-cell.—Species5. South Africa.StrumariaJacq.11. Ovules 5-6 in each ovary-cell. Perianth reddish-yellow, funnel-shaped.Spathe of more than 2 bracts. Leaves linear.—Species 3. SouthAfrica. Used as ornamental plants.CliviaLindl.Ovules 1-4 in each ovary-cell.1212. Spathe consisting of 2 bracts. Pedicels long. Perianth red, salver-shaped.Fruit a capsule. Leaves linear.—Species 4. South Africa and southernCentral Africa. Used for the preparation of arrow-poison, in medicine, and as ornamental plants.BuphaneHerb.Spathe consisting of more than 2 bracts. Pedicels short or rather short.Fruit a berry.1313. Filaments shorter than the anthers. Perianth-tube very short. Umbels rather few-flowered. Leaves very long and narrow, strap-shaped.—Species1. West Africa (Congo).DemeuseaDe Wild. & Th. Dur.Filaments as long as or longer than the anthers. Perianth-tube long.Umbels many-flowered. Leaves rather short.—Species 45. South andCentral Africa. Some are poisonous or are used as ornamental ormedicinal plants. (IncludingChoananthusRendle)HaemanthusL.14. Perianth divided nearly or quite to the ovary.15Perianth with a distinct tube.1915. Perianth divided to the ovary, white, rarely reddish. Flowers regular, middle-sized, solitary or in few-flowered umbels. [SubtribeGALANTHINAE.]16Perianth with a short tube, usually red. Flowers more or less irregular, in umbels. [SubtribeAMARYLLIDINAE.]1716. Perianth-segments spreading, whitish. Anthers deeply sagittate at the base. Flowers erect, in umbels.—Species 1. North-west Africa.LapiedraLag.Perianth-segments converging. Anthers slightly sagittate at the base.Flowers drooping.—Species 3. North-west Africa. Used as ornamental plants and in medicine; the bulb is edible.LeucoiumL.17. Filaments thickened at the base. Stigma 3-lobed. Fruit obtusely angled,3-valved.—Species 17. South Africa to Damaraland. Some are used as ornamental plants. (ImhofiaHeist.)NerineHerb.Filaments thread-shaped, free. Stigma entire.1818. Ovules sunk in the placentas. Ovary oblong. Fruit obtusely angled, bursting irregularly. Perianth-segments oblong. Flowers drooping.—Species1. South Africa (Cape Colony); also naturalised in the CanaryIslands, Madeira, and the Azores. Used as an ornamental plant; the bulb is poisonous.AmaryllisL.Ovules not sunk in the placentas. Ovary top-shaped. Fruit acutely angled, 3-valved.—Species 10. South Africa and southern CentralAfrica. Some are used as ornamental plants.BrunsvigiaHeist.19. Flowers solitary. [SubtribeZEPHYRANTHINAE.]20Flowers in umbels occasionally reduced to a single flower. [SubtribeCRININAE.]2220. Perianth with a short tube, funnel-shaped, yellow. Filaments long.Anthers oblong, attached at the back near the base. Scape above-ground.—Species1. North-west Africa (Algeria). Used as an ornamental plant.SternbergiaWaldst. & Kit.Perianth with a long tube. Filaments very short. Anthers linear, attached at the base. Scape underground.2121. Perianth salver-shaped, yellow or whitish. Stamens in a single row.—Species9. South Africa (Cape Colony). The fruit of some is eaten or used in medicine.GethyllisL.Perianth funnel-shaped, white or reddish. Stamens in 2 rows.—Species5. South Africa.ApodolirionBak.22. Perianth-tube perceptibly shorter than the limb.23Perianth about as long as or longer than the limb.2623. Flowers rather small, yellow or yellowish-white, almost regular. Perianth-segments lanceolate, slightly longer than or twice as long as the tube.Stigmas 3.—Species 2. South and East Africa.AnoiganthusBak.Flowers large, red, reddish-yellow, or reddish-white. Stigma 1, simple or 3-lobed.2424. Flowers almost regular. Perianth-segments elliptical, about twice as long as the tube. Umbels 6-9-flowered. Fruit oblong.—Species 1. SouthAfrica (Cape Colony). Used as an ornamental plant.VallotaHerb.Flowers distinctly irregular. Perianth-segments 3-4 times as long as the tube.2525. Umbels 2-4-flowered. Scape hollow. Perianth hairy within. Fruit globose. (See 7.)HippeastrumHerb.Umbels many-flowered; spathe of 2 bracts. Scape solid.—Species 2.South Africa to Damaraland.AmmocharisHerb.26. Ovules sunk in the placentas, usually few in each ovary-cell. Stigma very small, capitate. Anthers linear. Scape solid.—Species 60. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants.(IncludingStenolirionBak.) (Plate 19.)CrinumL.Ovules not sunk in the placentas, many in each ovary-cell. Stigma more or less distinctly 3-lobed or 3-parted. Anthers oblong. Scape hollow.—Species25. South and East Africa and Angola. Some are used as ornamental plants.CyrtanthusAit.27. (1.) Leaves fleshy, very long (1-2 m.), in a rosette at the base or the top of the stem. Very tall plants. [SubfamilyAGAVOIDEAE.]28Leaves not fleshy and not very long. Smaller plants. [SubfamilyHYPOXIDOIDEAE.]3028. Filaments longer than the perianth. Flowers in spikes or panicles, usually greenish or yellow. Leaves at the top of a very short stem.—Species2. Cultivated and sometimes naturalised in North and South Africa and some tropical islands. They yield fibre, fodder, drinks, medicaments, and a substitute for soap, and are also used as hedge- or garden-plants.AgaveL.Filaments shorter than the perianth.2929. Filaments strongly thickened at the base. Flowers in panicles, white.Fruit ovoid. Leaves at the top of a short stem.—Species 1. Cultivated and sometimes naturalised in North and South Africa and some tropical islands. It yields fibre, and is used as a hedge- or garden-plant, also in medicine. (FurcraeaVent.)FourcroyaSchult.Filaments slightly thickened at the base. Flowers in capitate spikes, red. Fruit oblong or club-shaped. Leaves at the base of a long stem.—Species1. Naturalised in the island of St. Helena. An ornamental plant.DoryanthesCorrea30. Ovary inferior with many ovules in each cell. Perianth yellow, rarely white or red. Leaves all radical, usually hairy like the peduncle. [TribeHYPOXIDEAE.]31Ovary inferior with 2 ovules in each cell or half-inferior or almost superior.Perianth blue, red, or whitish. Leaves usually radical and cauline.32