MYRISTICACEAE.FLOW. PL. AFR.Pl. 49.J. Fleischmann del.Pycnanthus Kombo (Baill.) Warb.APart of a flowering branch.BMale partial inflorescence.CMale flower.DFruit, the pericarp cut lengthwise.
MYRISTICACEAE.FLOW. PL. AFR.Pl. 49.J. Fleischmann del.Pycnanthus Kombo (Baill.) Warb.APart of a flowering branch.BMale partial inflorescence.CMale flower.DFruit, the pericarp cut lengthwise.
MYRISTICACEAE.
FLOW. PL. AFR.
Pl. 49.
J. Fleischmann del.
Pycnanthus Kombo (Baill.) Warb.
APart of a flowering branch.BMale partial inflorescence.CMale flower.DFruit, the pericarp cut lengthwise.
MONIMIACEAE.FLOW. PL. AFR.Pl. 50.J. Fleischmann del.Glossocalyx longicuspis Benth.AFlowering branch.BFemale flower.CFemale flower cut lengthwise.DCarpel (the ovary cut lengthwise).
MONIMIACEAE.FLOW. PL. AFR.Pl. 50.J. Fleischmann del.Glossocalyx longicuspis Benth.AFlowering branch.BFemale flower.CFemale flower cut lengthwise.DCarpel (the ovary cut lengthwise).
MONIMIACEAE.
FLOW. PL. AFR.
Pl. 50.
J. Fleischmann del.
Glossocalyx longicuspis Benth.
AFlowering branch.BFemale flower.CFemale flower cut lengthwise.DCarpel (the ovary cut lengthwise).
clusters, monoecious.—Species 1. Madagascar. (UnderMollinediaRuiz & Pav.) [Tribe MOLLINEDIEAE.]EphippiandraDecne.Receptacle narrowly pitcher-shaped, subsequently increasing in size and enclosing the carpels. Perianth little developed. Stamens numerous.Anther-halves separate. [Tribe MONIMIEAE.]55. Stamens with a gland on each side. Carpels few, not sunk in the receptacle.Shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers in cymes, dioecious.—Species 4.Madagascar and the neighbouring islands. They yield timber and medicaments.MonimiaThouarsStamens without glands. Carpels numerous, sunk in the receptacle.—Species20. Madagascar and the neighbouring islands. Some species yield timber, dyes, or medicaments. (Ambora Juss.)TambourissaSonn.
FAMILY 84.LAURACEAE
Trees or shrubs. Leaves undivided, without stipules, sometimes scale-like. Flowers regular. Perianth of 4 or 6 segments. Fertile stamens 4-14, perigynous. Anthers opening by 2-4 valves. Ovary superior, very rarely (Hypodaphnis) inferior, 1-celled. Ovule 1, pendulous, inverted. Style simple. Seed exalbuminous; embryo straight.—Genera 15, species 75. (Plate 51.)
1. Anthers 2-celled. [SubfamilyLAUROIDEAE.]2Anthers 4-celled. [SubfamilyPERSEOIDEAE.]112. Anthers all turned inwards, 8-14, usually 12. Perianth 4-cleft. Flowers in umbels, dioecious or polygamous. Leafy shrubs or trees.—Species2. North Africa. They yield timber, oil, perfumes, spices, and medicaments, and are also used as ornamental plants. “Laurel.” [TribeLAUREAE.]LaurusL.Anthers partly (the outer) turned inwards, partly outwards, 4-12, usually9. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, usually panicled.33. Stem thread-shaped, twining, parasitic. Leaves reduced to minute scales.Perianth 6-cleft, the outer segments much smaller than the inner.Fertile stamens 9.—Species 4. Southern and tropical Africa. Some are used medicinally. [Tribe CASSYTHEAE.]CassythaL.Stem shrub- or tree-like. Leaves perfectly developed. Perianth with 6, rarely 4, subequal segments.44. Receptacle accrescent, cupuliform, enclosing the fruit. Perianth-segments6. Fertile stamens 9, rarely 12. [Tribe CRYPTOCARYEAE.]5Receptacle scarcely or not accrescent, not enclosing the fruit. [TribeAPOLLONIADEAE.]65. Fruit incompletely 6-celled. Pericarp adnate to the receptacle, but free from the seed. Cotyledons 6-lobed. Leaves penninerved.—Species 8.Madagascar. They yield timber, oil, condiments, and medicaments.(AgathophyllumJuss.)RavensaraSonn.Fruit completely 1-celled. Pericarp easily separable from the receptacle, but adnate to the seed.—Species 10. Madagascar, South and EastAfrica.CryptocaryaR. Br.6. Perianth 4-parted. Fertile stamens 4. Shrubs. Leaves linear-lanceolate.—Species2. Madagascar.PotameiaThouarsPerianth 6-parted or 6-cleft. Fertile stamens 6-9.77. Fertile stamens 6, each with 2 glands. Flowers in racemes.—Species 1.Madagascar.BernieraBaill.Fertile stamens 9, rarely 6, all or the outer ones without glands. Flowers in panicles.88. Staminodes within the fertile stamens none. Filaments oblong or obovate, the inner ones each with 2 oblong, wholly adnate glands.—Species 3.Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons). They yield timber.TylostemonEngl.Staminodes within the fertile stamens present. Inner fertile stamens with 2 roundish glands at their base.99. Perianth persistent. Leaves herbaceous.—Species 1. Canary Islands and Madeira. Yields timber.ApolloniasNeesPerianth deciduous. Leaves leathery.—Species 20. Tropics. Some species yield timber or edible seeds. (AfrodaphneStapf,HufelandiaNees,NesodaphneHook., underTylostemonEngl.)BeilschmiediaNees10. (1.) Anthers 9-14 (usually 12), all turned inwards. Flowers dioecious, in umbels.—Species 2. Naturalized in the Mascarenes and Seychelles.They yield timber, a fat, and medicaments. (TetrantheraJaqu.) [TribeLITSEEAE.]LitseaLam.Anthers 9, the outer turned inwards, the inner outwards. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, usually in panicles. [Tribe CINNAMOMEAE.]1111. Staminodes very small and awl-shaped or wanting. Receptacle accrescent.Flowers usually polygamous.12Staminodes well developed, thickened at the apex. Receptacle scarcely or not accrescent. Flowers usually hermaphrodite.1312. Anther-valves side by side. Ovary inferior.—Species 1. West Africa(Cameroons). (UnderOcoteaAubl.)HypodaphnisStapfAnther-valves in superposed pairs. Ovary superior.—Species 15. Tropical and South Africa, Canary Islands, Azores. They yield timber, fat, condiments, and medicaments. (IncludingMespilodaphneandOreodaphneNees). (Plate 51.)OcoteaAubl.13. Leaves trinerved. Perianth-segments falling singly after the time of flowering.—Species 2 (C. zeylanicumBreyn, cinnamon, andC. camphoraNees & Eberm., camphor). Cultivated in the tropics. They yield timber, spices, and drugs for industrial and medicinal uses.CinnamomumBlumeLeaves penninerved. Perianth persisting or falling off as a whole.14
LAURACEAE.FLOW. PL. AFR.Pl. 51.J. Fleischmann del.Ocotea bullata (Burch.) Benth.AFlowering branch.BMale flower cut lengthwise.CStamens.DStaminode.EFemale flower cut lengthwise.FGroup of fruits.GYoung fruit cut lengthwise.
LAURACEAE.FLOW. PL. AFR.Pl. 51.J. Fleischmann del.Ocotea bullata (Burch.) Benth.AFlowering branch.BMale flower cut lengthwise.CStamens.DStaminode.EFemale flower cut lengthwise.FGroup of fruits.GYoung fruit cut lengthwise.
LAURACEAE.
FLOW. PL. AFR.
Pl. 51.
J. Fleischmann del.
Ocotea bullata (Burch.) Benth.
AFlowering branch.BMale flower cut lengthwise.CStamens.DStaminode.EFemale flower cut lengthwise.FGroup of fruits.GYoung fruit cut lengthwise.
PAPAVERACEAE.FLOW. PL. AFR.Pl. 52.J. Fleischmann del.Trigonocapnos curvipes Schlecht.AFlowering branch.BFlower.CPetals (athe upper,bone of the lateral,cthe lower).DBundle of stamens (the third anther not visible).EPistil (the ovary cut lengthwise).
PAPAVERACEAE.FLOW. PL. AFR.Pl. 52.J. Fleischmann del.Trigonocapnos curvipes Schlecht.AFlowering branch.BFlower.CPetals (athe upper,bone of the lateral,cthe lower).DBundle of stamens (the third anther not visible).EPistil (the ovary cut lengthwise).
PAPAVERACEAE.
FLOW. PL. AFR.
Pl. 52.
J. Fleischmann del.
Trigonocapnos curvipes Schlecht.
AFlowering branch.BFlower.CPetals (athe upper,bone of the lateral,cthe lower).DBundle of stamens (the third anther not visible).EPistil (the ovary cut lengthwise).
14. Perianth yellow, with oblong segments, deciduous. Fruit large, greenish.—Species1 (P. gratissimaGaertn., avocado-pear). Cultivated in the tropics. It yields edible fruit, from which also a fat and a dye are prepared, and is used in medicine.PerseaGaertn.Perianth white, with ovate segments, persistent. Fruit small, blackish.—Species1. Canary Islands and Azores. Yields timber. (UnderPerseaGaertn.)PhoebeNees
FAMILY 85.HERNANDIACEAE
Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, palminerved, without stipules. Flowers in panicles, regular, hermaphrodite polygamous or monoecious. Perianth 4-10-parted. Fertile stamens 3-5, alternating with the inner perianth-segments. Anthers 2-celled, turned inwards, opening by valves. Ovary inferior, 1-celled. Ovule 1, pendulous, inverted. Style and stigma simple. Seed exalbuminous. Embryo with folded or coiled cotyledons.—Genera 3, species 7. Tropics. (UnderLAURACEAEorCOMBRETACEAE.)
1. Flowers without bracteoles, polygamous. Perianth very small. Stigma capitate. Fruit with 2 terminal wings. Cotyledons spirally twisted.Trees. Leaves undivided or lobed.—Species 1. East Africa, Angola,Madagascar. Yields timber. [SubfamilyGYROCARPOIDEAE.]GyrocarpusJaqu.Flowers with bracteoles, which sometimes form an involucre, hermaphrodite or monoecious. Perianth rather small. Stigma discoid and more or less lobed. Cotyledons more or less folded or crumpled. [SubfamilyHERNANDIOIDEAE.]22. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth 10-parted. Fertile stamens 5, with 2 scales at the base. Fruit with 2-4 lateral wings. Climbing shrubs.Leaves digitate.—Species 1. Southern West Africa (Angola).IlligeraBlumeFlowers monoecious, the female surrounded by a cupular, truncate or lobed, ultimately inflated involucel. Perianth of the male flowers6-8-parted, of the female 8-10-parted. Fertile stamens 3-4. Trees.Leaves undivided. Partial inflorescences surrounded by an involucre of several bracts, and consisting of a female flower and two or more male.—Species 5. Tropics. They yield timber and are used in medicine.HernandiaL.
ORDER RHOEADALES
SUBORDER RHOEADINEAE
FAMILY 86.PAPAVERACEAE
Herbs. Leaves more or less lobed or divided. Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 2, very rarely 3. Petals 4, very rarely 6, free, hypogynous. Anthersopening by slits. Ovary superior, 1-celled or incompletely 2-or more-celled. Ovules parietal, curved or inverted. Fruit a capsule or a nut. Seeds with a small embryo and a copious, oily albumen.—Genera 11, species 50. (IncludingFUMARIACEAE.) (Plate 52.)
1. Petals, at least one of them, prolonged into a spur. Stamens 2, tripartite(or 6 in two bundles); the middle segment of each stamen bearing a two-celled anther, the lateral ones a one-celled. Juice not milky.[SubfamilyFUMARIOIDEAE.]2Petals not spurred. Stamens 4 or many, all with 2-celled anthers.52. Ovary with 3 or more ovules. Fruits, at least some of them, dehiscent,3- or more-seeded.—Species 9. South and North Africa and high mountains of Central Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants.(IncludingCysticapnosAdans.)CorydalisDC.Ovary with 1-2 ovules. Fruit indehiscent, 1-2-seeded. Seeds not appendaged.33. Ovary with 2 ovules. Fruit 2-seeded, compressed, with 3 nerves on each side. Leaves fleshy.—Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria).SarcocapnosDC.Ovary with 1 ovule. Fruit 1-seeded, compressed but 1-nerved on each side, or triquetrous, or globular.44. Fruit triquetrous, pendulous. Superior petal helmet-shaped, inferior spoon-shaped, lateral ones clawed. Stem climbing.—Species 1.South Africa (Cape Colony). (Plate 52.)TrigonocapnosSchlecht.Fruit globular or compressed, erect.—Species 15. North, South, and EastAfrica; also naturalized in West Africa and the Mascarene Islands.“Fumitory.” (IncludingDiscocapnosCham. & Schlechtend. andPlatycapnosBernh.)FumariaL.5. Stamens 4. Petals 3-cleft. Placentas and styles 2. Juice not milky.—Species7. North Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants.[SubfamilyHYPECOIDEAE.]HypecoumL.Stamens numerous. [SubfamilyPAPAVEROIDEAE.]66. Juice not milky. Flowers solitary. Petals yellow. Placentas 2. Stigma subsessile, with 4 spreading lobes. Fruit linear, 10-ribbed, 1-celled,2-valved to the base. Seeds unappendaged.—Species 1. Naturalized in the Canary Islands. Fodder-plant. [Tribe ESCHSCHOLTZIEAE.]HunnemanniaSweetJuice milky. Placentas 4 or more, more rarely 2, but then stigmas or stigma-lobes only 2, or at least partly erect.77. Stigmas (or style-branches) 2, alternating with the 2 placentas and borne upon a short, but distinct style. Ovary and fruit linear. Seeds appendaged.Flowers in umbels, yellow. Juice reddish-yellow.—Species1. North-west Africa. Poisonous and used medicinally.“Celandine.” [Tribe CHELIDONIEAE.]ChelidoniumL.Stigmas (or style-branches) 3 or more, rarely 2, as many as and oppositeto the placentas or more numerous, sessile or nearly so. [Tribe PAPAVEREAE.]88. Fruit linear, dehiscing to the base. Placentas, stigmas, and fruit-valves2-4. Juice yellow.9Fruit oblong, ovoid, or globular, dehiscing near the top only or indehiscent.Placentas, stigmas, and fruit-valves 4-16.109. Petals yellow or reddish-yellow, twisted in the bud. Style ending in 2 erect and 2 spreading lobes. Fruit with a false partition.—Species 2.North Africa and Cape Verde Islands. Used as ornamental or medicinal plants; the seeds yield oil.GlauciumJuss.Petals violet or red, crumpled in the bud. Style ending in 2-4 connivent lobes. Fruit 1-celled.—Species 4. North Africa. Used as ornamental plants.RoemeriaMedik.10. Stigmas in the sinuses between the connivent style-lobes. Petals yellow or whitish. Fruit oblong, usually bristly. Juice yellow.—Species 1.Naturalized in Tropical and South Africa. Used as an ornamental and medicinal plant; the seeds yield oil.ArgemoneL.Stigmas radiating upon a disc-like expansion of the style-apex. Ovary incompletely septate. Juice white. Buds nodding.—Species 12.North and South Africa, Abyssinia, and Cape Verde Islands; also cultivated in various regions. Some species are poisonous or are used as ornamental, medicinal, or dye-plants.P. somniferumL. yields opium, oil, and edible seeds. “Poppy.”PapaverL.
SUBORDER CAPPARIDINEAE.
FAMILY 87.CAPPARIDACEAE
Leaves alternate, simple or digitate. Flowers solitary or in racemes or umbels, usually irregular. Petals wanting or free, usually 4, rarely (Cercopetalum) united at the base. Disc ring-or scale-like, rarely tubular. Ovary superior, usually stalked. Ovules 4 or more, rarely (Dipterygium) 1-2, curved, usually parietal. Seeds reniform, exalbuminous. Embryo curved, with folded or coiled cotyledons.—Genera 20, species 260. (Plate 53.)
1. Fruit succulent, baccate, indehiscent, rarely at length dehiscing in two valves to which the placentas remain attached. Embryo coiled. Shrubs or trees. [SubfamilyCAPPARIDOIDEAE.]2Fruit dry, capsular and usually siliquiform, rarely nut-like. Embryo curved. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs or trees.142. Calyx-tube distinctly developed. Stamens very numerous. Ovary witha long stalk. [Tribe MAERUEAE.]3Calyx-tube indistinct or wanting, rarely distinctly developed, but then stamens 10 and ovary with a very short stalk. [Tribe CAPPARIDEAE.]43. Calyx bursting transversely. Petals none. Stamens inserted upona convex receptacle. Placentas 6-10.—Species 10. East Africa,Madagascar and Mauritius.ThylachiumLour.Calyx bursting lengthwise. Stamens usually inserted upon an elongated,stalk-like receptacle. Placentas 2-4.—Species 50. Some of them yield timber, vegetables, or medicaments. (IncludingNiebuhriaDC. andStreblocarpusArn.)MaeruaForsk.4. Calyx-tube distinctly developed. Petals none. Stamens about 10. Disc and androphore wanting. Ovary with a very short stalk. Placentas 2.Leaves digitate.—Species 2. South Africa.BachmanniaPaxCalyx-tube indistinct or wanting. Petals present, more rarely wanting, but then leaves undivided.55. Receptacle produced behind into a tube- or strap-shaped appendage. Stamens4-8, inserted upon a stalk-like androphore. Leaves undivided.—Species20. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used in medicine.(IncludingSchepperiaNeck.)CadabaForsk.Receptacle produced into scale-like appendages or unappendaged. Stamens rarely upon a distinct stalk-like androphore, and then fertile and sterile stamens together 10 or more.66. Petals none. Stamens without a distinct androphore. Leaves undivided.7Petals 4 or more. Ovules numerous.97. Ovary 2-, rarely 3-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell, supported upon a long stalk. Stamens numerous. Disc cup-shaped, crenate. Sepals 3, rarely 2 or 4, united at the base.—Species 6. Central Africa.CourboniaBrongn.Ovary 1-celled, sometimes incompletely 2-celled. Ovules 6 or more.Sepals 4, rarely 5.88. Disc cup-shaped, crenate, accrescent. Stamens numerous. Ovules numerous. Stigma 4-lobed.—Species 3. West Africa.BuchholziaEngl.Disc ring-shaped. Stamens 6-20. Ovules 6-12. Stigma entire.—Species30. Central Africa, northern South Africa, and Sahara. The fruits and roots of some are eaten or used medicinally.BosciaLam.9. Flowers dioecious. Sepals 5. Petals 5, united at the base. Stamens10-13, borne upon a short androphore. Ovary 5-celled, with axile ovules. Leaves undivided.—Species 1. West Africa.CercopetalumGilgFlowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, very rarely dioecious, but then stamens numerous. Flowers nearly always 4-merous.1010. Stamens inserted on an elongated stalk-like androphore, united in two bundles, one of which contains 5-9 fertile, the other as many sterile stamens. Petals 4. Placentas 2. Leaves ternately compound.—Species3. East Africa.CladostemonA. Br. & VatkeStamens inserted on a very short androphore or without an androphore.1111. Petals very unequal, two much larger than the others, wing-like. Stamens5-7. Placentas 2. Leaves ternately compound.—Species 1. WestAfrica. Used as an ornamental plant. (PteropetalumPax).EuadeniaOliv.Petals not very unequal. Stamens 8 or more.1212. Petals open in aestivation, with a long claw; sepals imbricate or open.Stamens upon a short androphore bearing scales within. Ovary upon a
CRUCIFERAE.FLOW. PL. AFR.Pl. 53.J. Fleischmann del.Heliophila amplexicaulis L. fil.APlant with inflorescences.BFlower cut lengthwise.COvary cut lengthwise.DFruiting branch.ESeed cut lengthwise.
CRUCIFERAE.FLOW. PL. AFR.Pl. 53.J. Fleischmann del.Heliophila amplexicaulis L. fil.APlant with inflorescences.BFlower cut lengthwise.COvary cut lengthwise.DFruiting branch.ESeed cut lengthwise.
CRUCIFERAE.
FLOW. PL. AFR.
Pl. 53.
J. Fleischmann del.
Heliophila amplexicaulis L. fil.
APlant with inflorescences.BFlower cut lengthwise.COvary cut lengthwise.DFruiting branch.ESeed cut lengthwise.
CAPPARIDACEAE.FLOW. PL. AFR.Pl. 54.J. Fleischmann del.Polanisia hirta (Klotzsch) Sond.ABranch with flowers and fruits.BFlower cut lengthwise.CAnther.DOvary cut lengthwise.ESeed.
CAPPARIDACEAE.FLOW. PL. AFR.Pl. 54.J. Fleischmann del.Polanisia hirta (Klotzsch) Sond.ABranch with flowers and fruits.BFlower cut lengthwise.CAnther.DOvary cut lengthwise.ESeed.
CAPPARIDACEAE.
FLOW. PL. AFR.
Pl. 54.
J. Fleischmann del.
Polanisia hirta (Klotzsch) Sond.
ABranch with flowers and fruits.BFlower cut lengthwise.CAnther.DOvary cut lengthwise.ESeed.
long gynophore, 1- or incompletely 2-celled, with 2 placentas. Leaves ternately compound.—Species 6. Tropics. Some species yield timber, edible fruit, or medicaments.CrataevaL.Petals imbricate in aestivation; sepals usually valvate. Disc and androphore little developed or wanting.1313. Leaves ternately compound, rarely simple and undivided, and then petals numerous. Petals clawed. Ovary with a long stalk, 1-celled.—Species25. Central Africa.RitchieaR. Br.Leaves simple, undivided. Petals 4, very rarely 5.—Species 50. Some of them yield timber, salad, condiments (capers fromC. spinosaL.), edible fruits, and medicaments; some are poisonous.CapparisL.14. (1.) Fruit indehiscent, winged, 1-seeded. Petals 4. Stamens 6. Ovary with a very short stalk, 1-celled. Ovules 1-2. Style short. Undershrubs.Leaves undivided.—Species 1. Egypt and Nubia. [SubfamilyDIPTERYGIOIDEAE.]DipterygiumDecne.Fruit dehiscing by 2 or more valves. Ovules 4 or more.1515. Fruit 1-seeded, dehiscing by many valves. Sepals 2. Petals 5. Stamens40-60. Ovary sessile, 1-celled. Ovules 4-6. Style long. Shrubs.Flowers fascicled.—Species 2. East Africa. [SubfamilyCALYPTROTHECOIDEAE.]CalyptrothecaGilgFruit several- or many-seeded, dehiscing by 2 valves which separate from the persistent placentas. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Ovules numerous.[SubfamilyCLEOMOIDEAE.]1616. Calyx-tube distinctly developed. Petals violet. Stamens 10-12, borne upon a short androphore. Ovary with a long stalk. Herbs. Leaves ternately compound.—Species 2. East Africa. (UnderCleomeL.)ChilocalyxKlotzschCalyx-tube none.1717. Stamens inserted upon a stalk-like androphore, 6, all fertile. Ovary stalked.Herbs. Leaves digitate.—Species 1. Tropical and South Africa andEgypt. Yields vegetables, condiments, and medicaments, and is also used as an ornamental plant. (PedicellariaSchrank).GynandropsisDC.Stamens inserted upon the receptacle, which is not prolonged into a distinct androphore.1818. Stamens numerous or intermixed with staminodes. Herbs. Leaves digitate.—Species 20. Some of them are used as vegetables. (IncludingDiantheraKlotzsch andTetrateliaSond., underCleomeL.)(Plate 53.)PolanisiaRaf.Stamens 4-6, all fertile.1919. Disc reduced to 4 small glands. Ovary sessile. Style long. Trees.Leaves undivided.—Species 1. Northern East Africa (Somaliland).CleomodendronPaxDisc ring- or saucer-shaped, sometimes produced into scales. Herbs or undershrubs.—Species 30. Some of them are used as ornamental or medicinal plants.CleomeL.
FAMILY 88.CRUCIFERAE
Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely the lower opposite, simple, but often divided, without stipules, but frequently with auricles at the base. Flowers without bracteoles, usually in racemes, regular or nearly so, hermaphrodite. Sepals 4. Petals 4, rarely 0. Stamens 6, of which 4 are longer, rarely 2-4, hypogynous, rarely subperigynous. Glands at the base of the stamens more or less developed. Ovary superior, 1-2-celled or transversely septate, very rarely 3-celled. Ovules parietal, curved. Style simple, with 1-2 stigmas. Fruit dry, usually 2-valved. Albumen scanty or wanting. Embryo curved.—Genera 88, species 420. (Plate 54.)
1. Hairs, all or some of them, branched, at least at the base. Stigma more developed above the placentas than between them. [Tribe HESPERIDEAE.]2Hairs simple or wanting.372. Fruit at least 4 times as long as broad.3Fruit less than 4 times as long as broad, or broader than long.193. Fruit-valves with a horn-like appendage. Radicle of the embryo accumbent.4Fruit-valves without an appendage, but the style sometimes appendaged.74. Fruit-valves with a basal appendage. Seeds margined. Style appendaged at the base. Petals violet. Lateral sepals gibbous at the base.Herbs covered with glandular tubercles.—Species 1. North Africa.LonchophoraDur.Fruit-valves with an apical appendage. Seeds not margined. Petals white, yellow, or red. Plants without glandular tubercles.55. Fruit-valves with a forked appendage. Petals pink. Leaves linear, entire. Undershrubs.—Species 1. Canary Islands.ParoliniaWebbFruit-valves with an entire appendage.66. Fruit-valves with a blunt appendage below the apex. Petals red. Leaves oblong or ovate, sinuate or toothed. Undershrubs with star-shaped hairs.—Species 5. East Africa.DiceratellaBoiss.Fruit-valves with a pointed appendage at the apex. Petals white or yellow. Leaves linear. Herbs with 2-cleft hairs.—Species 1. NorthAfrica.NotocerasR. Br.7. Lateral glands alone present, one on each side of the lateral stamens.Stigmatic lobes usually long and erect, but sometimes united.8Lateral and median (anterior and posterior) glands present, sometimes blended into a ring. Stigmatic lobes usually short and spreading or indistinctly developed.148. Plants covered with glandular tubercles. Style with a dorsal gibbosity; stigma not sharply limited. Seeds flat; radicle accumbent.—Species15. North, East, and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants or in medicine. “Stock.”MatthiolaR. Br.Plants without glandular tubercles. Stigma more or less sharply limitedat the base.9. Longer filaments united to the top. Sepals connivent. Petals linear, white or pink. Seeds minute, in two rows. Bracts leaf-like. Leaves divided into narrow segments.—Species 1. North-east Africa (Egypt).LeptaleumDC.Longer filaments free or slightly cohering.1010. Seeds thick; radicle incumbent. Fruit-valves more or less convex.Petals white or pink.—Species 10. North Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (IncludingMaresiaPomel).MalcolmiaR. Br.Seeds flat; radicle accumbent.1111. Fruit-valves convex, with a faint middle-nerve, constricted between the seeds. Sepals saccate at the base. Petals pink. Hairs stellate.—Species3. North Africa. (UnderFarsetiaDesv. orMalcolmiaR. Br.).EremobiumBoiss.Fruit-valves flat, sometimes keeled.1212. Fruit-valves projecting inwards between the seeds, thick, obtusely angled.Stigma acutely 2-lobed. Sepals erect. Petals pink.—Species 3.North and East Africa.MorettiaDC.Fruit-valves not projecting between the seeds.1313. Petals purple, narrow. Sepals erect, not saccate. Stigma acutely 2-lobed.Seeds winged. Leaves narrow. Hairs 2-cleft.—Species 13. East and North Africa. Some are used medicinally.FarsetiaDesv.Petals white, rarely yellowish, reddish, or bluish. Fruit-valves with a faint middle-nerve. Seeds in one row.—Species 15. North, East, andSouth Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. “Rock-cress.”ArabisL.14. (7.) Median glands 4. Style 2-lobed; stigma dilated, not sharply limited.Fruit-valves convex or keeled.15Median glands 2, usually confluent with the lateral ones into a ring.Style short, truncate or somewhat depressed at the apex; stigma usually sharply limited.1615. Seeds flat; radicle accumbent.—Species 4. North Africa. Used as ornamental plants or in medicine. “Wallflower.” (IncludingDichroanthusWebb).CheiranthusL.Seeds thick; radicle incumbent.—Species 5. North Africa to Abyssinia.Some are used as ornamental plants or in medicine.ErysimumL.16. Partition of the fruit with two bundles of fibres; valves with a strong midrib. Radicle incumbent. Petals yellow. Leaves pinnatipartite.—Species4. North Africa to Abyssinia. (UnderSisymbriumL.).DescurainiaWebb & Berth.Partition of the fruit without bundles of fibres. Petals white, rarely yellowish, reddish, or bluish.1717. Fruit-valves flat, with a faint middle-nerve. Seeds in one row; radicle accumbent. (See 13.).ArabisL.Fruit-valves more or less convex, with a strong middle-nerve.1818. Seeds with an accumbent radicle, in 2 rows.—Species 1. South Africa.(UnderArabisL.).TurritisL.Seeds with an incumbent radicle, usually in 1 row.—Species 2. East,South, and North Africa, and Cape Verde Islands. (UnderArabisL. orSisymbriumL.).StenophragmaCelak.19. (2.) Fruit 1-seeded.20Fruit 2- or more-seeded.2220. Sepals petal-like. Petals reddish. Glands none. Ovary 3-celled. Style very short. Fruit elliptical, much compressed. Shrubs.—Species1. South Africa (Cape Colony).SchlechteriaBolusSepals not petal-like. Petals yellow or whitish. Glands present. Ovary2-celled. Fruit orbicular. Herbs.2121. Filaments with a tooth-like appendage. Style none. Fruit flat, without a partition. Radicle accumbent. Fruit-stalk bent back. Leaves linear.Hairs star-shaped.—Species 2. North Africa.ClypeolaL.Filaments not appendaged. Style thread-shaped. Fruit thick, with a rudimentary partition. Radicle incumbent. Fruit-stalk erect or spreading. Cauline leaves sagittate. Hairs 2-3-cleft.—Species 1.North Africa. Used medicinally. (VogeliaMedik.)NesliaDesv.22. Fruit 2-4-seeded.23Fruit many-seeded.3023. Petals yellow.24Petals white or reddish.2624. Sepals, at least the lateral, saccate at the base. Filaments without an appendage. Stigma 2-lobed. Fruit with laterally compressed, boat-shaped valves and a linear partition. Seeds 2-3; radicle incumbent.Shrubs. Leaves entire. Flowers solitary, axillary.—Species 1.Island of Socotra.LachnocapsaBalf.Sepals not saccate. Herbs or undershrubs. Flowers in spikes or racemes.2525. Median and lateral glands present. Filaments without an appendage.Stigma 2-lobed. Fruit winged, 4-celled, indehiscent. Seeds 4; funicle very short. Embryo spirally twisted; radicle incumbent. Plants covered with glandular tubercles. Leaves toothed.—Species 1.North Africa. Used medicinally.BuniasL.Median glands absent. Filaments usually appendaged. Stigma obscurely lobed. Fruit dehiscing in two valves. Embryo not spiral; radicle accumbent. Plants without glandular tubercles.—Species 13. North and South Africa. Some are used in medicine or as ornamental plants.(IncludingMeniocusDesv.)AlyssumL.26. Fruit-valves with a large, wing-like appendage near the top, projecting inwards between the seeds. Style long. Seeds 4. Leaves toothed.—Species1. North Africa. “Rose of Jericho.”AnastaticaL.Fruit-valves without an appendage.2727. Fruit-valves boat-shaped, laterally compressed; partition narrow. Stigma sessile. Seeds 4.—Species 2. North Africa. (IncludingHinterhuberaReichb. andHornungiaReichb.)HutchinsiaR. Br.Fruit-valves flat or convex, dorsally or not compressed; partition broad.2828. Fruit-valves strongly convex; partition thick, woody. Fruit elliptical, tapering into the style. Seeds 2. Median glands wanting. Flowers short-stalked.—Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria).EuclidiumR. Br.Fruit-valves flat or slightly convex; partition thin, membranous.2929. Median glands wanting. Partition of the fruit without fibres. Fruit orbicular. Spinous undershrubs.—Species 1. North-west Africa.(UnderAlyssumL.).PtilotrichumC. A. Mey.Median and lateral glands present. Partition of the fruit with scattered fibres.—Species 6. North and South Africa, Cape Verde Islands, andSt. Helena. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (KonigaAdans., underAlyssumL.)LobulariaDesv.30. Petals yellow.31Petals white or red.3431. Sepals, at least the lateral, saccate at the base. Shorter filaments with a tooth-like appendage. Fruit elliptical, flat. Seeds numerous, winged.—Species1. North-east Africa (Egypt). (UnderFarsetiaDesv.)FibigiaMedik.Sepals not saccate.3232. Filaments, at least some of them, with an appendage, more rarely without, but then, as usually, seeds 2-8. Fruit-valves marked with a mid-rib at the base. (See 25.)AlyssumL.Filaments without an appendage. Seeds 10 or more. Fruit-valves with the mid-rib extending to the top.3333. Fruit ovate or elliptical, with rather flat valves and a faint middle-nerve.Radicle accumbent.—Species 5. North-west Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (IncludingErophilaDC.)DrabaL.Fruit obovate or pear-shaped, with very convex valves and a strong middle-nerve.Radicle incumbent. Leaves sagittate.—Species 3. NorthAfrica. They yield oil and medicaments.CamelinaCrantz34. Petals red. Stigma 2-cleft. Seeds winged. Hairs 2-cleft. (See 13.).FarsetiaTurr.Petals white. Stigma entire or notched. Seeds not winged.3535. Valves of the fruit flat or slightly convex, with a faint middle-nerve; partition broad. Radicle accumbent. Leaves undivided. (See 33.)DrabaL.Valves of the fruit boat-shaped; partition narrow. Radicle incumbent.3636. Fruit broadened or notched at the apex.—Species 1. North Africa and northern East Africa, also naturalized in South Africa and the islands of St. Helena and St. Thomas. Used medicinally. “Shepherds purse.”CapsellaDC.Fruit rounded or pointed at the apex. (See 27.).HutchinsiaR. Br.37. (1.) Stigma equally developed all round. Style-apex entire, rarely notched at right angles to the placentas. Cotyledons usually folded or twisted.[Tribe THELYPODIEAE.]38Stigma more developed above the placentas than between them. Style-apex entire or 2-lobed. [Tribe SINAPEAE.].4538. Fruit at least 4 times as long as broad.39Fruit less than 4 times as long as broad. Cotyledons transversely folded or spirally twisted.4239. Fruit without a partition, oblong, with convex, angled valves. Seed-coat spongy. Cotyledons neither folded nor twisted; radicle accumbent.Leaves roundish.—Species 1. Island of Kerguelen. Used as a vegetable and in medicine.PringleaHook. fil.Fruit with a partition. Cotyledons folded or twisted; radicle incumbent.4040. Sepals connivent, the lateral saccate at the base. Petals white. Fruit oblong. Seeds flat. Cotyledons twice inflected lengthwise. Leaves reniform-cordate.—Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony).ChamiraThunb.Sepals erect, not saccate. Cotyledons rolled inwards or folded transversely.4141. Seeds turgid, separated by transverse partitions. Fruit linear. Petals blue or red. Leaves linear.—Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony).CarponemaSond.Seeds flat, not separated by transverse partitions, but the fruit often constricted between the seeds.—Species 60. South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Plate 54.)HeliophilaL.42. Fruit 1-seeded. Seed winged. Leaves thread-shaped.—Species 1.South Africa (Cape Colony).PalmstruckiaSond.Fruit 2- or more-seeded.4343. Fruit dehiscent, rather flat, with usually more than 2 seeds. (See 41.)HeliophilaL.Fruit indehiscent, 2-seeded. Leaves linear or lanceolate.4444. Fruit compressed dorsally; valves with elevated ridges radiating from the centre. Style long. Seeds flat; cotyledons folded. Petals red.—Species2. South Africa (Cape Colony).CycloptychisE. Mey.Fruit compressed laterally; valves ventricose; dissepiment very narrow.Style short. Seeds subglobose; cotyledons involute. Petals yellow or red.—Species 2. South Africa (Cape Colony).BrachycarpaeaDC.45. (37.) Fruit at least 4 times as long as broad.46Fruit less than 4 times as long as broad, or broader than long.7746. Fruit transversely divided into two or more fertile cells. Cotyledons folded; radicle incumbent. [SubtribeBRASSICINAE.]47Fruit not transversely septate, but sometimes produced into a seedless beak.5947. Fruit with 2 transverse cells (joints).48Fruit with 3 or more transverse cells.5648. Upper joint of the fruit 3-4-seeded, flat. Seeds oblong. Petals yellow. Undershrubs.—Species 1. North-west Africa (Morocco).HemicrambeWebbUpper joint of the fruit 1-seeded.4949. Fruit-valves flat, usually 1-nerved.50Fruit-valves convex.5150. Sepals connivent, the lateral saccate. Petals violet. Stigmatic lobes long, erect, connate.—Species 7. North Africa.MoricandiaDC.Sepals spreading, not saccate. Stigmatic lobes short. Leaves pinnatipartite.—Species10. North Africa, northern Central Africa, andIsland of St. Thomas; one species also naturalized in South Africa.The seeds of some species are used as a condiment.DiplotaxisDC.51. Beak of the fruit flat, sharp-edged. Valves usually 3-nerved.52Beak of the fruit cylindrical or conical, terete or but slightly flattened.5352. Petals red. Lateral sepals saccate. Seeds ovoid. Fruits erect. Leaves dissected.—Species 2. North Africa. (UnderErucariaGaertn.)ReboudiaCoss. & DurieuPetals yellow or whitish with violet veins. Seeds globose. Leaves lyrate.—Species 5. North Africa, one species also cultivated in theMascarene Islands. The white mustard (S. albaL.) yields salad, oil, condiments, and medicaments. (UnderBrassicaL.)SinapisL.53. Lower joint of the fruit indehiscent, narrower than the upper one, 3-4-seeded.Petals yellow. Lateral sepals saccate.—Species 1. North-westAfrica. (UnderRapistrumDesv.)CordylocarpusDesf.Lower joint of the fruit dehiscing in two valves, as broad as the upper one, rarely narrower, but then petals violet.5454. Seeds globular, sometimes slightly flattened. Cotyledons 2-lobed. Petals yellow or white, sometimes with violet veins.—Species 25, five of them only cultivated or naturalized. Some species yield vegetables, salad, oil, condiments, or medicaments, especiallyB. oleraceaL., cabbage,B. campestrisL., rapeseed,B. NapusL., turnip, andB. nigraKoch, black mustard. (IncludingMelanosinapisSchimp. & Spenn.)BrassicaL.Seeds ovoid or oblong. Leaves pinnatipartite.5555. Fruit-valves net-veined with a strong midrib. Cotyledons truncate.Sepals spreading. Petals white or yellow.—Species 6. North andEast Africa. (IncludingHirschfeldiaMoench, underBrassicaL.)ErucastrumPreslFruit-valves with several longitudinal nerves. Sepals connivent. Petals violet.—Species 4. North Africa. (IncludingHussoniaCoss.)ErucariaGaertn.56. Seeds pendulous.57Seeds partly (the upper ones) erect.5857. Fruit flat or 4-angled. Stem very short. Leaves radical. Flowers solitary, axillary.—Species 3. North-west Africa. (RaffenaldiaGodr.)CossoniaDurieuFruit turgid. Stem branched. Leaves radical and cauline. Flowers racemose.—Species 2, one spontaneous in North Africa and naturalized in South Africa, the second (R. sativusL.) cultivated and naturalized in various regions. The latter yields salad, oil, and medicaments.“Radish.” (RaphanusL.)RhaphanusL.58. Lower joint of the fruit 1-celled, indehiscent, 1-4-seeded. Hispid herbs.Leaves lyrate, the upper toothed. Flowers, at least the lower, subtended by bracts.—Species 4. North Africa to Nubia.EnarthrocarpusLabill.Lower joint of the fruit 2-celled lengthwise, usually dehiscing in two valves, 4-12-seeded. Almost glabrous herbs. Leaves dissected.Flowers without bracts. (See 55).ErucariaGaertn.59. (46.) Fruit 1-seeded, flat, winged, 6-nerved, indehiscent. Stigma sessile.Radicle incumbent. Petals yellow. Leaves undivided.—Species 5.North Africa. Woad (I. tinctoriaL.) yields a dye, other species are used medicinally.IsatisL.Fruit 2- or more-seeded.6060. Fruit-valves flat, but sometimes with a prominent midrib.61Fruit-valves convex or keeled.6761. Stigmatic lobes long, erect, sometimes connate. Median glands none.Radicle incumbent; cotyledons folded. Lateral sepals saccate. Petals violet or purple. Glabrous plants.62Stigmatic lobes short or not developed. Median, sometimes confluent, glands besides the lateral ones present, rarely only the latter, but then radicle accumbent. Radicle accumbent or incumbent; in the latter case cotyledons flat, rarely folded, but then sepals not saccate.6362. Seeds broadly winged, in a single row. Fruit broadly linear. Petals with a broad claw. Shrubs. Leaves linear-oblong, sessile, entire.—Species1. North-west Africa (Algeria). (IncludingOudneyaR. Br.)HenophytonCoss. & DurieuSeeds narrowly or not winged. Fruit narrowly linear. Herbs or undershrubs.Leaves undivided, the upper stem-clasping, or pinnately divided. (See 50.).MoricandiaDC.63. Radicle of the embryo incumbent. Seeds usually in 2 rows. Leaves, at least the lower, pinnately divided.64Radicle of the embryo accumbent. Seeds usually in a single row.6564. Seeds oblong. Cotyledons not folded. Sepals converging or erect, the lateral saccate at the base. Petals purple or violet.—Species 2. NorthAfrica.AmmospermaHook. fil.Seeds ovoid or globose. Cotyledons folded. Fruit-valves 1-nerved.Sepals erect or spreading, not saccate. (See 50.).DiplotaxisDC.65. Fruit-valves without distinct veins, opening elastically. Fruit linear or linear-lanceolate. Seeds in a single row, oblong or elliptical, not winged.Sepals not saccate. Leaves usually pinnately divided.—Species 8. Some of them are used as salad or in medicine. “Bittercress.”CardamineL.Fruit-valves with distinct veins, not elastic. Fruit linear. Leaves usually undivided.6666. Fruit-valves with a faint midnerve. Seeds in a single row. (See 13.)ArabisL.Fruit-valves with a prominent midnerve. Seeds in two rows, ovoid.Sepals spreading. Petals white. Leaves undivided. (See 18.)TurritisL.67. (60.) Median glands absent. Fruit-valves with a prominent midnerve.Cotyledons convex or folded; radicle incumbent. Sepals erect or converging. Petals yellow or violet. Glabrous plants.68Median and lateral glands present, sometimes blended into a ring, rarely(Nasturtium) median glands absent, but then fruit-valves with a faint or scarcely visible midnerve. Sepals erect or spreading. Petals white or yellow, sometimes with red or violet veins.6968. Petals violet. Stigmatic lobes long, erect, sometimes cohering. Cotyledons folded. (See 50.)MoricandiaDC.Petals yellowish. Stigmatic lobes short or imperceptible. Seeds in a single row, oblong. Cotyledons convex. Leaves undivided.—Species1. North Africa to Nubia. Used as a vegetable.ConringiaHeist.69. Radicle of the embryo accumbent. Sepals not saccate.70Radicle of the embryo incumbent; cotyledons usually folded.7170. Fruit-valves with a strong midnerve. Seeds in a single row. Petals yellow.—Species 3. North, East, and South Africa, also naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. Used as vegetables, salad, or fodder. “Wintercress.”BarbareaR. Br.Fruit-valves with a faint midnerve not reaching to the top. Seeds usually in two rows.—Species 15. Some of them (especiallyN. officinaleR. Br., watercress) yield salad, condiments, and medicaments. (IncludingRoripaScop.)NasturtiumR. Br.71. Cotyledons not folded. Fruit not beaked; valves with 1-3 strong ribs.Glands confluent into a ring.72Cotyledons folded. Fruit usually beaked.7372. Style-apex truncate beneath the stigma. Seeds striate. Petals white.Leaves broad-cordate, toothed.—Species 1. North-west Africa.Used medicinally. (UnderSisymbriumL.)AlliariaAdans.Style-apex notched beneath the stigma. Petals usually yellow.—Species25. Some are used as vegetables or in medicine. (IncludingKiberaDC. andNasturtiopsisBoiss.)SisymbriumL.73. Fruit with a flat, sharp-edged beak, dehiscing in two valves. Seeds globular. Herbs with lyrate leaves.74Fruit with a cylindrical or conical, terete or slightly flattened beak, or without a beak.7574. Fruit-valves with a single strong longitudinal nerve. Seeds in 2 rows.Sepals converging. Fruits erect, pressed against the stem.—Species 4.North Africa and northern East Africa. The seeds are used as a condiment or in medicine. (IncludingRytidocarpusCoss.)ErucaLam.Fruit valves with 3 longitudinal nerves. Seeds in 1 row. Sepals spreading.(See 52.).SinapisL.75. Seeds oblong. Fruit-valves with a strong midrib. Lateral sepals saccate.Petals yellow. Undershrubs. Leaves undivided.—Species 6. Madeira and Cape Verde Islands. (UnderBrassicaL.)SinapidendronLoweSeeds globular, sometimes slightly flattened. Herbs.7676. Fruit indehiscent, spongy. Leaves lyrate. (See 57.)RhaphanusL.Fruit dehiscing in two valves. (See 54.)BrassicaL.77. (45.) Fruit indehiscent, transversely divided into 2-7 cells (joints), the lowest cell sometimes seedless.78Fruit not transversely septate, but sometimes prolonged into a seedless beak.8278. Fruit 3-7-jointed, oblong, flat. Style rather long. Seeds solitary in each cell, pendulous. Sepals erect or connivent, the lateral saccate.Stem very short. Leaves radical, lyrate. Flowers solitary, axillary.(See 57.)CossoniaDurieuFruit 2-jointed. Flowers racemose.7979. Fruit compressed, the lower joint with a pendulous, the upper with an erect seed. Stigma sessile. Radicle accumbent. Lateral sepals saccate. Petals pale-violet or rose-coloured.—Species 1. NorthAfrica. Used medicinally.CakileGaertn.Fruit not essentially compressed. Radicle incumbent. Cotyledons folded.Petals white or yellow.8080. Upper joint of the fruit with a partition and an erect seed; lower joint1-2-seeded or seedless. Sepals spreading. Leaves pinnatipartite.—Species7. North Africa; one species also naturalized in South Africa.(IncludingCeratocnemonCoss. et Balansa,DidesmusDesv.,OtocarpusDurieu, andRapistrellaPomel).RapistrumDesv.Upper joint of the fruit without a partition, one-seeded; lower joint seedless. Sepals not saccate. Petals white.8181. Upper joint of the fruit tubercled, beaked. Seed erect or pendulous from the top of the cell. Cotyledons not lobed. Sepals suberect. Filaments not toothed. Leaves lobed.—Species 2. North-west Africa. (IncludingKremeriaCoss.).MuricariaDesv.Upper joint of the fruit ribbed or smooth, not beaked. Seed pendulous from the long, ascending funicle. Cotyledons 2-lobed. Sepals spreading.—Species7. North and East Africa. Some are used as vegetables(sea-kale).CrambeL.82. (77.) Fruit prolonged into a broad beak. Radicle incumbent. Petals yellow, often marked with violet veins.83Fruit not distinctly beaked.8783. Fruit indehiscent, 1- or 3-celled, with a single perfect seed and usually a rudimentary one below it. Seed oblong. Herbs. Leaves toothed, lobed, or cleft.84Fruit dehiscing in 2 valves, completely or incompletely 2-celled, with 2 or more seeds, but the seed of one cell sometimes rudimentary (in this case shrubs). Seeds globose or nearly so. Cotyledons folded.8584. Fruit 1-celled, with an oblique, sword-shaped beak.—Species 1. North-eastAfrica (Egypt).SchimperaHochst. & Steud.Fruit 3-celled, with a broad, hollow, chambered beak.—Species 1. North-westAfrica (Algeria).MyagrumL.85. Fruit with 2 seeds. Longer filaments united in pairs. Small shrubs.Leaves entire.—Species 1. North-west Africa.VellaL.Fruit with 6 or more seeds. Filaments free. Herbs. Leaves divided, at least some of them.8686. Fruit with 6-8 seeds and a leaf-like beak. Leaves twice pinnately dissected.—Species1. North Africa.CarrichteraAdans.Fruit with many seeds and a sword-shaped beak. Leaves lyrate or undivided.(See 74.)ErucaLam.87. (82.) Fruit 1-seeded.88Fruit 2- or more-seeded.9188. Fruit slightly or not compressed, ovoid, with a crusty rind. Seed globular.Cotyledons folded; radicle incumbent. Petals white. Filaments without an appendage. Glands confluent. Radical leaves pinnately divided. Fruit-stalks spreading-erect.—Species 1. North-west Africa(Algeria).CalepinaAdans.Fruit much compressed. Leaves undivided.8989. Sepals petal-like. Petals rose-coloured. Filaments without an appendage.Glands wanting. Ovary 3-celled. Fruit elliptical. Radicle accumbent.Shrubs. Leaves entire. (See 20.)SchlechteriaBolusSepals not petal-like. Glands present. Ovary 2-celled. Herbs or undershrubs.9090. Petals rose-coloured. Longer filaments with a tooth-like appendage.Median glands wanting. Apex of the style truncate beneath the stigma.Fruit discoid, winged.—Species 2. North-west Africa (Algeria). Used as ornamental plants.AethionemaR. Br.Petals yellow. Filaments without an appendage. Median and lateralglands confluent into a ring. Apex of the style more or less 2-lobed beneath the stigma. Fruit with 6 longitudinal nerves. Fruit-stalks bent downwards. (See 59.)IsatisL.91. (87.) Fruit 2-seeded.92Fruit 4- or more-seeded.9992. Fruit much compressed from the back, oblong, with a soon vanishing partition and flat, net-veined valves. Seeds horizontal, winged; radicle accumbent. Lateral sepals saccate. Petals pale-violet. Leaves pinnatisect.—Species 1. North-east Africa (Egypt).RicotiaL.Fruit compressed from the side, and then with a narrow partition, or not compressed; partition well developed.9393. Fruit distinctly compressed laterally.94Fruit not distinctly compressed.9794. Fruit moderately compressed, with a lanceolate or elliptical partition, opening by 2 valves. Seeds pendulous; radicle incumbent, rarely obliquely accumbent; cotyledons inserted behind the bend of the embryo. Petals white, more rarely yellowish or wanting.—Species 20.Some of them (especiallyL. sativumL., garden-cress) yield salad, oil, and medicaments.LepidiumL.Fruit strongly compressed, with a linear partition.9595. Seeds horizontal, inserted in the middle of the cell. Radicle short, accumbent; cotyledons inserted behind the bend of the embryo. Petals yellow. Median and lateral glands present.—Species 6. NorthAfrica. Some are used medicinally.BiscutellaL.Seeds pendulous from the top of the cell. Petals, when present, white, red or violet.9696. Radicle incumbent; cotyledons inserted behind the bend of the embryo.Style very short. Fruit reniform, wrinkled, indehiscent.—Species 7.Some of them are used medicinally. (SenebieraPoir.)CoronopusGaertn.Radicle accumbent; cotyledons inserted at the bend of the embryo.Style distinctly developed. Fruit ovate. Outer petals larger than the inner. Median glands wanting.—Species 4. North-west Africa.Some are used as ornamental plants or in medicine. “Candytuft.”Iberis L.97. Fruit dehiscing by two valves, globular, prickly, with a pierced partition.Style subulate, with short, blunt lobes. Seeds globose, with a thread-shaped funicle. Radicle incumbent; cotyledons folded, inserted at the bend of the embryo. Sepals erect. Petals yellow. Herbs.Leaves pinnatisect.—Species 1. North-west Africa.SuccowiaMedik.Fruit indehiscent, with a thick partition. Style conical. Seeds with a very short funicle.9898. Fruit angular-subglobose, tubercled. Style very short, with short lobes.Seeds oblong. Radicle obliquely accumbent; cotyledons inserted behind the bend of the embryo. Sepals spreading. Petals yellow.Herbs. Leaves pinnately divided.—Species 1. North-east Africa(Egypt).OchthodiumDC.Fruit ovoid. Style rather long, with long lobes. Radicle incumbent; cotyledons folded, inserted at the bend of the embryo. Sepals erect.Petals rose-coloured. Spinous shrubs. Leaves undivided.—Species 2.North Africa to Nubia.ZillaForsk.99. (91.) Fruit compressed from the back or not compressed; hence partition as broad as the fruit.100Fruit laterally compressed; partition narrower than the fruit.104100. Seeds 4, in a single row, flat, with a long free funicle; radicle accumbent.Fruit with a soon vanishing partition; valves flat, without a distinct median nerve; style very short. Lateral sepals saccate. Petals violet. Only two lateral glands present. Leaves pinnately dissected.Fruit-stalks bent downwards. (See 92.).RicotiaL.Seeds more than 4, nearly always in two rows. Fruit with a persistent partition. Sepals not saccate.101101. Seeds flat, winged. Funicle adnate to the partition at the base. Radicle incumbent; cotyledons folded. Fruit with a stalk-like appendage at the base; valves slightly convex. Petals rose or violet. Leaves undivided or lobed.—Species 2. North Africa. Used medicinally.SavignyaDC.Seeds turgid or flat but not winged. Funicle free. Radicle accumbent.Petals white or yellow.102102. Fruit-valves with a very faint median nerve not reaching the top, or withouta distinct median nerve, convex. Seeds turgid. Style-apex lobed.Median and lateral glands developed. (See 70.)NasturtiumR. Br.Fruit-valves with a distinct median nerve reaching the top. Median glands wanting.103103. Fruit-valves distinctly convex. Seeds turgid. Style-apex truncate beneath the stigma. Petals white. Filaments curved.—Species 1.Naturalized in the Island of St. Helena. (UnderCochleariaL.)KerneraMedik.Fruit-valves rather flat. Style-apex lobed or depressed beneath the stigma. Glands 4. Leaves undivided. (See 33.)DrabaL.104. (99.) Median and lateral glands present. Sepals erect. Fruit winged.Style long. Seeds numerous. Radicle incumbent; cotyledons folded.Leaves undivided.105Median glands absent. Style short, rarely long, but then radicle accumbent.Cotyledons not folded.106105. Petals white, with dark veins. Fruit obcordate. Style-apex shortly and obtusely lobed. Hispid herbs.—Species 1. North-west Africa.PsychineDesf.Petals violet or red. Fruit ovoid. Style-apex distinctly and acutelylobed. Glabrous herbs.—Species 1. North Africa and Abyssinia.SchouwiaDC.106. Stamens more or less perigynous. Petals white. Seeds 4-6. Cotyledons inserted behind the bend of the embryo.107Stamens hypogynous. Cotyledons inserted at the bend of the embryo.108107. Filaments with an appendage at their base. Fruit winged above. Style short. Seeds 4. Radicle accumbent. Leaves lanceolate, ovate, or pinnatipartite.—Species 2. North-west Africa. Used as vegetables.TeesdaliaR. Br.Filaments without an appendage. Fruit not winged. Style absent.Seeds 6. Radicle incumbent. Leaves linear.—Species 1. High mountains of East Africa.SubulariaL.108. Filaments, at least the longer ones, with a tooth-like appendage. Lateral sepals saccate at the base. Petals rose-coloured. Style short. Radicle incumbent. Flowers in racemes. (See 90.).AethionemaR. Br.Filaments without an appendage. Sepals not saccate.109109. Flowers solitary in the axils of the radical, undivided leaves. Petals rose-coloured. Fruit-valves wingless, separating from the laterally dilated placentas. Seeds 6. Radicle incumbent.—Species 2. North-westAfrica. Used as ornamental plants.IonopsidiumReichb.Flowers in racemes. Fruit-valves separating from the narrow or thickened but not dilated placentas, or fruit indehiscent.110110. Fruit-valves not winged. Fruit oblong or ovate. Petals white. Leaves pinnately divided. (See 27.)HutchinsiaR. Br.Fruit-valves winged.111111. Radicle accumbent. Petals white or rose. Leaves undivided.—Species6. North Africa and Abyssinia. Used medicinally. “Penny-cress.”ThlaspiL.Radicle incumbent.112112. Fruit oblong or elliptical. Stigma sessile. Petals white or yellow.Leaves undivided.—Species 2. North-west Africa (Algeria). (IncludingPastoreaTod.)BivonaeaDC.Fruit obcordate. Stigma borne upon a short style. Funicle free. Petals white. (See 36.).CapsellaDC.
SUBORDER RESEDINEAE
FAMILY 89.RESEDACEAE
Leaves alternate, stipulate. Flowers in terminal spikes or racemes, irregular. Sepals 4-8. Petals 2-8, free, rarely 0. Disc hypogynous, one-sided, rarely wanting. Stamens 3-40, free or united at the base. Carpels 2-6, superior and usually stalked, open at the top, distinct or united and then forming a 1-celled ovary. Ovules inverted. Stigmas sessile. Seeds reniform, exalbuminous, with a curved embryo.—Genera 6, species 45. (Plate 55.)
1. Carpels 5-6, distinct or cohering at the base only. Petals 5. Leaves lanceolate, entire.2