ROSACEAE.FLOW. PL. AFR.Pl. 65.J. Fleischmann del.Parinarium congoënse Engl.AFlowering branch.BFlower cut lengthwise.CFlower from above.DUnripe fruit.
ROSACEAE.FLOW. PL. AFR.Pl. 65.J. Fleischmann del.Parinarium congoënse Engl.AFlowering branch.BFlower cut lengthwise.CFlower from above.DUnripe fruit.
ROSACEAE.
FLOW. PL. AFR.
Pl. 65.
J. Fleischmann del.
Parinarium congoënse Engl.
AFlowering branch.BFlower cut lengthwise.CFlower from above.DUnripe fruit.
CONNARACEAE.FLOW. PL. AFR.Pl. 66.J. Fleischmann del.Connarus Smeathmannii DC.AEnd of branch with young fruits.BFlower.CFlower cut lengthwise.DFruit.ESeed with aril.
CONNARACEAE.FLOW. PL. AFR.Pl. 66.J. Fleischmann del.Connarus Smeathmannii DC.AEnd of branch with young fruits.BFlower.CFlower cut lengthwise.DFruit.ESeed with aril.
CONNARACEAE.
FLOW. PL. AFR.
Pl. 66.
J. Fleischmann del.
Connarus Smeathmannii DC.
AEnd of branch with young fruits.BFlower.CFlower cut lengthwise.DFruit.ESeed with aril.
Receptacle not swelling on one side; carpel central. Stamens numerous.Fruit with an irregularly 5-angled stone. Flowers in panicles.—Species3. Central Africa. They yield tanning and dyeing materials, oil, medicaments, and edible fruits (cocoa-plums).ChrysobalanusL.29. Filaments united in a long strap. Anthers 10-20. Ovary completely1-celled.—Species 17. Central Africa. Some species yield timber(GriffoniaHook. fil.)AcioaAubl.Filaments free or united at the base only.3030. Receptacle prolonged above into a scale-like appendage. Stamens 6-7.Ovary completely 1-celled. Stipules large.—Species 3. West Africa.MagnistipulaEngl.Receptacle without a scale-like appendage. Stipules small.3131. Ovary completely 1-celled. Fertile stamens 3-10. Fruit 1-seeded.—Species3. East Africa and Madagascar.HirtellaL.Ovary completely or incompletely 2-celled. Fertile stamens 10-20. Fruit usually 2-seeded.—Species 25. Tropical and South Africa. Some of them yield timber, tanners’ bark, medicaments, and edible fruits, from which also oil, glue, and an inebriating drink are prepared. (ParinariAubl.) (Plate 65).ParinariumJuss.
FAMILY 104.CONNARACEAE.
Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, pinnate, but sometimes with 3 leaflets only, exstipulate. Flowers in fascicles, racemes or panicles, regular, hermaphrodite or polygamous. Calyx 5-cleft or 5-parted. Petals 5, free, rarely slightly united, imbricate in the bud. Stamens 5-10, free or united at the base. Carpels 1-5, free, superior. Ovules 2 to each carpel, erect or ascending, straight. Ripe carpels dry, dehiscing by a longitudinal slit, rarely indehiscent, usually solitary. Seeds with an aril often adnate to the testa.—Genera 12, species 140. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 66.)
1. Sepals imbricate in the bud. Seeds exalbuminous. [Tribe CONNAREAE.].2Sepals valvate in the bud. Seeds albuminous. Stamens 10. Carpels 5.[Tribe CNESTIDEAE.]82. Ripe carpel indehiscent, nearly always 2-seeded. Seeds with a large, adnate aril. Calyx hardened in fruit. Petals greatly exceeding the sepals. Stamens 10, very unequal, surrounded by a disc. Carpel 1.Flowers in clusters, springing from the old wood.—Species 3. EquatorialWest Africa (Gaboon). (AnthagathisHarms).JollydoraPierreRipe carpel (or carpels) dehiscing lengthwise, usually 1-seeded.33. Fruit-carpels narrowed at the base into a distinct stalk. Seeds attached to the ventral suture, with a free aril. Calyx not enlarged in fruit.—Species18. Central Africa. Some are used medicinally. (Plate 66.)ConnarusL.Fruit-carpels not stalked. Seeds attached at their base. Carpels (at thetime of flowering) 3-5.44. Calyx scarcely or not enlarged in fruit, small, usually flaccid.5Calyx conspicuously enlarged and hardened in fruit, leathery to woody.Stamens 10. Carpels 5.65. Leaves trifoliolate.—Species 25. Tropics. Some are used medicinally.AgelaeaSol.Leaves pinnate, with several pairs of leaflets. Stamens 10. Carpels 5.Styles 2-cleft at the apex. Calyx persistent.—Species 7. Tropics.Some are poisonous. (UnderRoureaAubl.)ByrsocarpusSchum. & Thonn.6. Calyx tightly clasping the fruit, herbaceous at the time of flowering. Styles short; stigmas capitate. Seeds with very convex cotyledons.—Species40. Tropics. Some are poisonous or used in medicine.RoureaAubl.Calyx not clasping the fruit. Stamens very unequal. Styles long.77. Stem twining. Inflorescence paniculate. Calyx leathery at the time of flowering. Seeds with flat cotyledons.—Species 2. EquatorialWest Africa.PaxiaGilgStem erect. Inflorescence racemose-fasciculate. Anther-halves distant from one another, the pollen-sacs placed crosswise.—Species 1. EquatorialWest Africa. (JaundeaGilg).YaundeaGilg8. (1.) Ripe carpel indehiscent, not stalked, with a crusty pericarp. Seeds enveloped by a thin aril. Carpel 1. Stamens 5-7, alternating with as many glands. Calyx deeply divided, persistent, but not enlarged in fruit. Low trees. Leaves unifoliolate. Flowers in clusters.—Species 2.West Africa.HemandradeniaStapfRipe carpel (or carpels) dehiscing lengthwise.99. Receptacle prolonged into a stalk-like androphore. Sepals red, free. Petals yellow, clawed, with 2 glands above the claw. Styles long. Erect shrubs.—Species 1. Northern West Africa (Liberia).DinklageaGilgReceptacle not prolonged. Petals without glands. Mostly climbing shrubs.1010. Sepals united to the middle, ovate-triangular. Petals linear, four times as long as the calyx, rolled inwards at the tip. Stamens very unequal.Styles long; stigmas lobed.—Species 6. West Africa.SpiropetalumGilgSepals free or nearly so. Petals not more than twice as long as the calyx.Styles short; stigmas capitate.1111. Fruit-carpels glabrous on the inside, short-haired on the outside, prolonged into a stalk at the base. Seeds without a distinct aril, but witha fleshy testa. Embryo long and narrow. Petals longer than the calyx.—Species 10. West Africa.ManotesSol.Fruit-carpels covered with long stiff hairs on the inside and usually also on the outside. Seeds with a very small adnate aril at the base. Petals as long as or shorter or somewhat longer than the calyx. Stamens subequal.—Species 30. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used medicinally.CnestisJuss.
FAMILY 105.LEGUMINOSAE
Leaves usually compound and stipulate. Anthers 2-celled. Ovary superior, 1-celled. Ovules inserted at the ventral suture. Style simple, but sometimes with a tooth near the apex. Stigma entire. Fruit 1-, 2-, or transversely several-celled, opening in two valves or along the ventral suture, or separating transversely in two or more joints, or indehiscent.—Genera 261, species 3300 (FABACEAE, includingPAPILIONACEAE,CAESALPINIACEAEandMIMOSACEAE.) (Plate 67.)
1. Petals valvate in bud. Flowers regular. Leaves twice pinnate, rarely(Acacia) reduced to the broadened stalk. [SubfamilyMIMOSOIDEAE.]2Petals imbricate in bud or wanting. Flowers more or less irregular (sometimes nearly regular.)282. Calyx with imbricate aestivation. Unarmed trees. [Tribe PARKIEAE].3Calyx with valvate aestivation.43. Flowers in long spikes, yellowish. Fertile stamens 5, sterile ones 10-15.—Species3. West Africa. They yield timber, oil, and edible seeds.(ovala-seeds)PentaclethraBenth.Flowers in globular or club-shaped heads. Fertile stamens 10.—Species7. Tropics. They yield timber, tanners’ bark, vegetables, medicaments, edible fruits, from which a drink is prepared, and oily seeds, which are also used as a condiment, a substitute for coffee, a fish-poison, and for improving bad water.ParkiaR. Br.4. Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals.5Stamens more than twice as many as the petals. Trees or shrubs.255. Anthers without glands. [Tribe MIMOSEAE.]6Anthers crowned, at least in the bud, by a sometimes caducous gland.Stamens 10.96. Fruit dehiscing by two valves which separate from the persistent sutures.Petals united below.7Fruit dehiscing by two valves which do not separate from the sutures, or indehiscent.87. Fruit and seeds slightly 4-angled, the former prickly. Petals red. Stamens8-10. Herbs or undershrubs. Flowers in heads.—Species 1. WestAfrica.SchranckiaWilld.Fruit and seeds flat.—Species 20. Tropics to Egypt, one species naturalized. Some yield timber or medicaments or serve as ornamental plants.MimosaL.8. Fruit broadly linear. Seeds placed transversely. Petals free, white.Stamens 10. Ovary stalked. Unarmed shrubs or trees. Flowers in heads.—Species 1 (L. glaucaBenth.). Naturalized in the Tropics. It yields timber, fodder, edible fruits, ornamental seeds, and medicaments.LeucaenaBenth.Fruit narrowly linear. Seeds placed obliquely or longitudinally.—Species7. One of them naturalized in the Tropics, the others natives of Madagascar.Seeds used as ornament. (AcuanMedik.)DesmanthusWilld.9. Seeds albuminous. [Tribe ADENANTHEREAE.]10Seeds exalbuminous. [Tribe PIPTADENIEAE.]1910. Flowers in heads.11Flowers in spikes or racemes.1211. Flowers partly (the upper) hermaphrodite, partly (the lower) male or neuter. Ovary stalked. Ovules numerous. Fruit obliquely-oblong, opening by two valves. Herbs or undershrubs. Stipules membranous, cordate.—Species 1. Tropics. Used as a vegetable.NeptuniaLour.Flowers all hermaphrodite. Ovary sessile. Ovules 1-2. Fruit sickle-shaped, indehiscent. Shrubs. Stipules spinous, recurved.—Species1. South Africa.XerocladiaHarv.12. Flowers partly (the upper) hermaphrodite and yellow, partly (the lower) neuter and white or red. Fruit not winged. Shrubs or trees.—Species12. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield ebony-like wood and medicaments. (CaillieaGuill. & Perr.)DichrostachysDC.Flowers partly hermaphrodite, partly male or female, or all hermaphrodite; no neuter flowers. Trees.1313. Fruit winged or distinctly 4-angled, transversely septate, indehiscent.14Fruit neither winged nor distinctly 4-angled.1614. Fruit 2-winged. Ovary stalked. Flowers sessile.—Species 1. Madagascar and Mauritius.GagnebinaDC.Fruit 4-winged or 4-angled. Ovary sessile or nearly so. Flowers stalked.1515. Fruit 4-winged.—Species 3. Central Africa. They yield timber, a substitute for soap, poison, and medicaments.TetrapleuraBenth.Fruit 4-angled. Leaves with 4-5 pairs of pinnae.—Species 1. CentralAfrica.AmblygonocarpusHarms16. Fruit distinctly dehiscing in two valves.17Fruit indehiscent.1817. Seeds few, very flat, winged, with a long funicle.—Species 3. EquatorialWest Africa.NewtoniaBaill.Seeds numerous, thick, red. Leaflets numerous.—Species 1 (A. pavoninaL.). Naturalized in the tropics. It yields timber, gum, dyes, medicaments, and edible oily seeds, which are also used as ornaments.AdenantheraL.18. Calyx large, tube- or urn-shaped, with ovate, acute teeth. Stamens inserted at the base of the petals. Leaves with one pair of pinnae and several pairs of very large oblong leaflets. Spikes arranged in panicles.—Species 1. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons). Yields timber and medicaments.CalpocalyxHarmsCalyx small, bell-shaped, with short segments. Stamens free. Leaves with 2-5 pairs of pinnae and small or rather small leaflets.—Species 3.North and Central Africa. They yield timber and edible fruits. (IncludingAnonychiumBenth.)ProsopisL.19. (9.) Flowers in heads. Ovary sessile, with many ovules. Fruit transversely septate. Trees.—Species 5. Tropics. They yield timber and a substitute for soap. (UnderParkiaR.Br.)XyliaBenth.Flowers in spikes or racemes. Shrubs or trees.2020. Flowers sessile.21Flowers short-stalked.2321. Calyx saucer-shaped, cleft to the middle. Petals free. Disc cupular, thick. Fruit large, elliptical, 1-celled. Seeds winged, with a long funicle. Trees. Leaves with 1-2 pairs of pinnae. Spikes panicled.—Species1. Equatorial West Africa. Yields timber.FillaeopsisHarmsCalyx bell-shaped, shortly toothed. Disc inconspicuous or wanting.2222. Petals obviously united below. Fruit 1-celled, opening in two valves.—Species13. Tropics to Delagoa Bay. Some species yield ebony-like wood.PiptadeniaBenth.Petals free or nearly so. Fruit with thick, persistent sutures, the valves splitting transversely into one-seeded joints. Endocarp separating from the exocarp and persisting round the seeds. Shrubs.—Species 10.Tropical and South Africa. Some species (especiallyE. scandensL. with fruits attaining a yard in length) yield soap-bark, fibre, vegetables, fish-poison, and edible oily seeds which are also used in medicine and as ornaments. (GigalobiumP.Br.,PusaethaL.)EntadaAdans.23. Disc cupular, thin. Ovary stalked. Seeds winged. Trees. Leaves with one pair of pinnae. Flowers with a very short stalk.—Species 1.Equatorial West Africa. Yields timber. (IncludingCyrtoxiphusHarms)CylicodiscusHarmsDisc inconspicuous or wanting. Ovary sessile or nearly so. Shrubs.Leaves with 3-12 pairs of pinnae.2424. Calyx-teeth more or less unequal. Buds oblique. Fruit woody, transversely septate, opening in two valves. Leaves with 3-6 pairs of pinnae.—Species1. German East Africa.PseudoprosopisHarmsCalyx-teeth equal. Fruit leathery, with persistent sutures, the endocarp separating from the exocarp. Leaves with 6-12 pairs of pinnae.—Species5. South Africa and southern Central Africa. They yield fish-poison and are used in medicine.ElephantorrhizaBenth.25. (4.) Filaments free or the inner united into a ring. Petals white or yellow.—Species80. They yield timber, fibre, soap-bark, gum (especially fromA. SenegalWilld., Verek), tanning and dyeing materials, perfumes, oil, and medicaments; some are used as ornamental plants. (IncludingVachelliaArn.) [Tribe ACACIEAE.]AcaciaWilld.Filaments united into a tube, at least at the base. Petals white or red.Flowers in heads. Unarmed plants. [Tribe INGEAE.]2626. Fruit strongly curved or coiled, thick, leathery, separating into one-seededjoints or indehiscent. Petals united beyond the middle. Trees.—Species3. Tropics; one species naturalized. They yield timber, gum, tanning and dyeing materials, edible fruits, and medicaments.PithecolobiumMart.Fruit straight or nearly so.2727. Fruit dehiscing elastically. Petals united to the middle. Shrubs.—Species5. Tropics. They yield timber, gum, and medicaments, and are used also as ornamental plants.CalliandraBenth.Fruit dehiscing in two straight and thin, not elastic valves, or indehiscent.Petals united to the middle or beyond.—Species 45. Tropical andSouth-east Africa; several species also cultivated in Egypt. Some species (especiallyA. LebbekBenth.) yield timber, tanners’ bark, gum, condiments, and medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. (IncludingZygiaBenth.)AlbizziaDurazz.28. (1.) Petals 1-6, the posterior one (the one next the placenta) inside of all in the bud, not forming a papilionaceous corolla, or wanting altogether.Embryo usually with a straight radicle. [SubfamilyCAESALPINIOIDEAE.]29Petals 5, the posterior outside in bud, usually constituting a papilionaceous corolla. Sepals united below. Stamens 10, more rarely 5-9. Embryo usually with an inflexed radicle. Leaves simple, unifoliolate, digitate, or once pinnate. [SubfamilyPAPILIONATAE.]10429. Calyx undivided or shortly lobed in the bud, usually more deeply divided at the time of flowering.30Calyx, already in the bud, divided down to the receptacle or nearly so.3930. Stamens 1-10. Corolla of 5 petals, nearly regular. Trees or shrubs.31Stamens 16 or more. Corolla of 6 petals, or of a single petal, or wanting.Calyx undivided in bud. Leaves imparipinnate or unifoliolate. Trees.[Tribe SWARTZIEAE.]3731. Leaves undivided, 2-lobed, 2-parted, or of 2 leaflets. [Tribe BAUHINIEAE.]32Leaves pinnate, with many leaflets. Stamens 10.3432. Ovary and fruit with a very long stalk, the fruit turgid. Ovules few.Style short. Stamens 10. Petals red. Calyx 5-lobed, imbricate in bud. Climbing shrubs. Leaves undivided, penninerved or faintly trinerved.—Species 3. West Africa. (BandeiraeaWelw.)GriffoniaBaill.Ovary and fruit with a short or rather short stalk, the fruit not turgid.3333. Receptacle (calyx-tube) very long. Petals yellowish. Stamens 10, partly sterile. Leaves undivided, ovate or elliptical. Racemes many-flowered.—Species1. Madagascar. (UnderBauhiniaL.)GigasiphonDrakeReceptacle (calyx-tube) not very long.—Species 40. Tropical andSouth Africa, and Egypt. Some species yield timber, fibre, tanning and dyeing materials, edible roots, oily seeds, and medicaments, orserve as ornamental plants. (Plate 67.)BauhiniaL.34. Leaves once pinnate, with a terminal leaflet. Calyx campanulate, subequally 5-lobed. Petals subequal, white or red. Ovules numerous.Fruit opening by two valves. Shrubs. Flowers solitary or in racemes.—Species8. Madagascar and East Africa.CadiaForsk.Leaves twice pinnate. [Tribe DIMORPHANDREAE.]3535. Ovary sessile or nearly so. Ovules 2. Style very short. Fruit with a thin, leathery rind, indehiscent. Seeds suborbicular. Flowers in spikes.—Species 2. Central Africa to Transvaal. They yield gum.BurkeaHook.Ovary stalked. Ovules more than 2. Fruit with a thick, leathery rind.Flowers in racemes. Trees.3636. Calyx-lobes unequal. Petals with a long claw. Stamens with a glandular connective. Style long. Fruit long, wavy, indehiscent. Leaflets small.—Species 1. Madagascar and Seychelles.BrandzeiaBaill.Calyx-lobes subequal. Stamens with a glandless connective. Style short. Fruit oblong, dehiscing by two valves. Seeds oblong. Leaflets large.—Species 5. Tropics. They yield timber, tanning and dyeing materials, medicaments, and poisons especially used in ordeals. “Sassy tree.” (FillaeaGuill. & Perr.).ErythrophloeumAfz.37. (30.) Corolla of 6 petals, almost regular. Stamens 16-18. Ovary sessile.Ovules 2. Leaves unifoliolate.—Species 2. West Africa to theGreat Lakes. They yield timber.BaphiopsisBenth.Corolla reduced to a single petal or wanting. Ovary stalked. Ovules more than 2. Leaves pinnate.3838. Receptacle (calyx-tube) very short, almost wanting. Petal 1. Fruit linear.—Species2. Tropics. Yielding timber. (TounateaAubl.).SwartziaSchreb.Receptacle bell-shaped. Petals none. Fruit ovate.—Species 1 (C. africanaLour.). Central Africa. Yields timber, gum, edible fruits, and medicaments.CordylaLour.39. (29.) Leaves, at least some of them, twice pinnate. [Tribe CAESALPINIEAE.]40Leaves all once pinnate, rarely simple.5240. Common petiole very short, ending in a spine; rachis of the pinnae very long, flattened, leaf-like; leaflets very small. Stipules spinous.Trees or shrubs. Calyx imbricate in bud. Petals 5, subequal, yellow.Stamens 10. Ovules numerous. Fruit linear, tardily dehiscing or indehiscent. Seeds oblong, placed lengthwise, albuminous.—Species 2, one of them a native of South Africa, the other naturalized in the tropics.They yield timber, bast for paper-making, a substitute for coffee, and medicaments, and serve also as garden- or hedge-plants.ParkinsoniaL.Common petiole distinctly developed; rachis of the pinnae not leaf-like.4141. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. Petals 5, subequal, yellow.Stamens 10. Ovules numerous. Fruit dehiscing by two valves, membranous or thin-leathery. Seeds transverse, ovoid, exalbuminous.—Species3. South Africa and southern Central Africa. (MelanostictaDC.)HoffmannseggiaCav.Stem woody throughout, shrub- or tree-like.4242. Flowers sessile, in elongate panicled spikes. Calyx 5-cleft, with semiorbicular lobes. Petals 5, equal, oblong, much exceeding the calyx. Stamens10, unequal. Anthers basifixed. Ovules 2-3. Trees.—Species 1.West Africa (Cameroons).StachyothyrsusHarmsFlowers more or less stalked, in racemes or panicles.4343. Flowers polygamous. Calyx slightly imbricate in bud. Petals 3-5, subequal, white or greenish. Stamens 6-10. Seeds transverse, albuminous.Trees. Leaves without stipules.—Species 2, one a native ofCentral Africa, the other naturalized in North Africa. Used as hedge-plants and yielding timber.GleditschiaL.Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens 10.4444. Petal 1, greenish-yellow. Calyx valvate in bud. Ovules very numerous.Styles long. Trees.—Species 1. Madagascar.AprevaliaBaill.Petals 5.4545. Sepals united high up, excepting one, valvate in bud. Petals unequal, red. Ovules numerous. Fruit straight, turgid, dehiscing by two valves. Seeds transverse. Trees. Bracts coloured.—Species 1.Madagascar. Used as an ornamental plant.ColvilleaBoj.Sepals free above the receptacle.4646. Sepals valvate in bud. Petals yellow or red. Ovules numerous. Style thread-shaped. Fruit dehiscing by two valves. Seeds transverse, oblong, albuminous. Trees. Stipules indistinct. Flowers large.—Species3. Tropics; also cultivated in various regions. Ornamental plants. “Flame-tree.”PoincianaL.Sepals imbricate in bud. Seeds exalbuminous.4747. Ovule 1, very rarely ovules 2. Seed 1, placed lengthwise. Fruit winged at the top, indehiscent. Petals subequal, white or yellow. Spinous climbing shrubs. Flowers small.—Species 1. Abyssinia. (CantuffaGmel.).PterolobiumR.Br.Ovules 2 or more. Seeds placed transversely.4848. Fruit woody, not winged, 2-seeded, opening by two valves. Ovary short-stalked,2-ovuled. Stigma peltate. Stamens hairy at the base. Petals unequal. Receptacle oblique.—Species 2. German East Africa.(UnderPeltophorumVog.).BusseaHarmsFruit membranous or leathery.4949. Fruit winged at both sutures, indehiscent. Stigma broad-peltate. Filaments hairy at the base. Petals subequal, yellow. Trees—Species 1.Central Africa and northern South Africa.PeltophorumVog.Fruit winged at one suture only or not winged. Stigma small, sometimesconcave.5050. Fruit winged, indehiscent. Receptacle (calyx-tube) very oblique. Petals subequal, yellow. Stamens bent downwards.—Species 5. WestAfrica and Madagascar.MezoneurumDesf.Fruit not winged. Receptacle not very oblique.5151. Fruit membranous, lanceolate, dehiscing in the middle of the valves.Seeds oblong. Sepals subequal. Petals oblong, subequal, yellow.Stamens erect, hairy at the base. Ovary short-stalked. Ovules 2-3.Trees.—Species 1 (H. campecheanumL.). Cultivated in the tropics.Yields timber (log-wood), dyes, gum, and medicaments, and serves also as a garden- and hedge-plant.HaematoxylonL.Fruit leathery, dehiscing at the sutures or indehiscent. Seeds ovoid or globose. Petals yellow or red. Stamens bent downwards. Ovules few.—Species 10, of which 7 are natives of tropical and South Africa,3 naturalized there as well as in Egypt and Madeira. They yield timber, tanning and dyeing materials, oily seeds, and medicaments, and are also used as garden- and hedge-plants. (IncludingGuilandinaL.).CaesalpiniaL.52. (39.) Anthers attached by the base or nearly so, rarely by the back, and then opening by apical pores. Seeds usually albuminous. [TribeCASSIEAE.]53Anthers distinctly attached by the back, opening by longitudinal slits.Seeds usually exalbuminous. Trees or shrubs.5853. Petals 1-2 or 0. Ovules 2-3. Fruit indehiscent, 1-2-seeded. Trees.Leaves unequally pinnate.54Petals 3-5.5554. Stamens 2-3.—Species 10. Tropics. They yield timber and edible fruits from which an intoxicating drink is prepared.DialiumL.Stamens 8-10. Petals none.—Species 1. East Africa. Yields timber.AndradiaSim55. Petals 3, narrow, yellow. Fertile stamens 2; anthers opening by a terminal pore. Staminodes 3, petaloid. Ovules 4-5. Trees. Leaves unequally pinnate.—Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. Yields timber.DistemonanthusBenth.Petals 5. Stamens 4-10.5656. Sepals 4. Petals unequal, red. Stamens 4-5, some of them with cohering anthers. Ovules 2. Fruit 4-winged. Leaves unequally pinnate.—Species1. Equatorial West Africa. (OligostemonBenth.)DuparquetiaBaill.Sepals 5. Leaves equally pinnate or simple.5757. Leaves simple, undivided. Stamens 10. Filaments thickened above.Anthers opening below the top. Ovules few. Fruit fleshy, with transverse partitions. Trees.—Species 2. Madagascar.BaudouiniaBaill.Leaves pinnate.—Species 40. They yield timber, gum, tanning and dyeing materials, fish-poison, medicaments (especially senna-leaves),
fodder, vegetables, edible fruits, and a substitute for coffee; several species are used as ornamental plants.CassiaL.58. (52.) Ovules 2, rarely 3 or 1, occasionally in some flowers 4. Ovary or its stalk usually free at the base of the receptacle, more rarely adnate to it. [Tribe CYNOMETREAE.]. 59Ovules 4 or more, occasionally in some flowers only 3. Ovary or its stalk usually adnate to the receptacle by the back. Leaves pinnate. [Tribe AMHERSTIEAE.] 8059. Petals none. 60Petals 1-5. 6460. Sepals 6, very small and unequal. Stamens 6. Ovary sessile. Shrubs. Leaves pinnate. Bracteoles large.—Species 1. Southern West Africa (Congo).DewindtiaDe Wild.Sepals 4-5. Stamens 8-10 or 4. Trees. Leaves abruptly pinnate. Bracteoles small or wanting. 6161. Sepals 5, distinctly imbricate in bud. Stamens 10. Ovary sessile. Stigma acute. Bracteoles present.—Species 2. West Africa (Cameroons). They yield timber. (UnderCopaibaMill. orHardwickiaRoxb.)OxystigmaHarmsSepals 4. 6262. Stamens 4, inserted on the outside of a spathe-like disc cleft on one side. Sepals imbricate in bud. Ovary nearly sessile. Bracteoles present.—Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons).StemonocoleusHarmsStamens 8-10. 6363. Ovary sessile. Fruit sessile, drupe-like, indehiscent. Bracteoles present.—Species 3. Central Africa. They yield timber, fragrant resin, arrow-poison, and medicaments. The fruits of one species are edible, of another poisonous. “Dattock.”DetariumJuss.Ovary stalked. Fruit stalked, oblique, with a leathery rind, dehiscing by two valves. Bracteoles none.—Species 9. Central Africa. They yield timber, a resin (copal) used for making ornaments, lacs and varnishes, dye stuffs, medicaments, and edible seeds. (CopaibaMill.)CopaiferaL.64. Petals 1-2. Bracteoles large. Trees. Leaves pinnate. 65Petals 5. 6765. Stamens 3. Sepals 4, small, scale-like. Petals 1, orbicular.—Species 10. Central Africa.CryptosepalumBenth.Stamens 10. 6666. Sepals reduced to minute teeth or wanting. Leaves with a single pair of leaflets.—Species 1. Equatorial West Africa.AphanocalyxOliv.Sepals 5, three of them very small, the other two larger and connate. Petal 1, spatulate. Filaments united at the base, excepting one. Leaves with many pairs of leaflets.—Species 2. West Africa.MonopetalanthusHarms
fodder, vegetables, edible fruits, and a substitute for coffee; several species are used as ornamental plants.CassiaL.
58. (52.) Ovules 2, rarely 3 or 1, occasionally in some flowers 4. Ovary or its stalk usually free at the base of the receptacle, more rarely adnate to it. [Tribe CYNOMETREAE.]. 59
Ovules 4 or more, occasionally in some flowers only 3. Ovary or its stalk usually adnate to the receptacle by the back. Leaves pinnate. [Tribe AMHERSTIEAE.] 80
59. Petals none. 60
Petals 1-5. 64
60. Sepals 6, very small and unequal. Stamens 6. Ovary sessile. Shrubs. Leaves pinnate. Bracteoles large.—Species 1. Southern West Africa (Congo).DewindtiaDe Wild.
Sepals 4-5. Stamens 8-10 or 4. Trees. Leaves abruptly pinnate. Bracteoles small or wanting. 61
61. Sepals 5, distinctly imbricate in bud. Stamens 10. Ovary sessile. Stigma acute. Bracteoles present.—Species 2. West Africa (Cameroons). They yield timber. (UnderCopaibaMill. orHardwickiaRoxb.)OxystigmaHarms
Sepals 4. 62
62. Stamens 4, inserted on the outside of a spathe-like disc cleft on one side. Sepals imbricate in bud. Ovary nearly sessile. Bracteoles present.—Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons).StemonocoleusHarms
Stamens 8-10. 63
63. Ovary sessile. Fruit sessile, drupe-like, indehiscent. Bracteoles present.—Species 3. Central Africa. They yield timber, fragrant resin, arrow-poison, and medicaments. The fruits of one species are edible, of another poisonous. “Dattock.”DetariumJuss.
Ovary stalked. Fruit stalked, oblique, with a leathery rind, dehiscing by two valves. Bracteoles none.—Species 9. Central Africa. They yield timber, a resin (copal) used for making ornaments, lacs and varnishes, dye stuffs, medicaments, and edible seeds. (CopaibaMill.)CopaiferaL.
64. Petals 1-2. Bracteoles large. Trees. Leaves pinnate. 65
Petals 5. 67
65. Stamens 3. Sepals 4, small, scale-like. Petals 1, orbicular.—Species 10. Central Africa.CryptosepalumBenth.
Stamens 10. 66
66. Sepals reduced to minute teeth or wanting. Leaves with a single pair of leaflets.—Species 1. Equatorial West Africa.AphanocalyxOliv.
Sepals 5, three of them very small, the other two larger and connate. Petal 1, spatulate. Filaments united at the base, excepting one. Leaves with many pairs of leaflets.—Species 2. West Africa.MonopetalanthusHarms