117. Burseraceae.Bark not resinous. Leaves gland-dotted. Ovules usually ascending.115. Rutaceae.354. (344.) Sepals valvate in bud, united below. Leaves stipulate.355Sepals imbricate in bud.356355. Leaves opposite or whorled. Petals toothed or slit, valvate in bud.177. Rhizophoraceae.Leaves alternate. Petals nearly always imbricate in bud.144. Sterculiaceae.356. Stigmas 5. Ovary lobed. Sepals and petals imbricate in bud. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves simple, stipulate.107. Geraniaceae.Stigmas 1-3. Shrubs or trees.357357. Leaves stipulate, undivided. Petals with contorted aestivation. Disc wanting.110. Linaceae.Leaves exstipulate. Stigma 1, entire or lobed.358358. Leaves simple, undivided. Ovary 3-celled. Disc wanting.Asteropeia,148. Theaceae.Leaves compound, more rarely simple, but then ovary 4-20-celled.Disc usually present.118. Meliaceae.359. (343.) Petals with valvate aestivation. Trees or shrubs.360Petals with imbricate or contorted aestivation.362360. Sepals free. Petals and stamens hypogynous. Anthers opening by an apical pore.Elaeocarpus,139. Elaeocarpaceae.Sepals united below. Petals and stamens more or less perigynous. Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits.361361. Calyx entire or nearly so. Leaves alternate.145. Scytopetalaceae.Calyx more or less deeply divided. Leaves opposite or whorled.177. Rhizophoraceae.362. Calyx with valvate aestivation.363Calyx with imbricate aestivation.366363. Leaves exstipulate, undivided, opposite. Ovules ascending or horizontal.Seeds exalbuminous.149. Guttiferae.Leaves stipulate. Petals 5.364364. Filaments free. Anthers opening by two slits.141. Tiliaceae.Filaments evidently united.365365. Anthers opening by a single slit.142. Malvaceae.Anthers opening by two slits. Stigmas 3 or 5.Dombeya,144. Sterculiaceae.366. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base.367Stem woody throughout. Leaves undivided.368367. Sepals and petals with contorted aestivation. Ovary 3-celled. Stigmas1-3. Fruit opening loculicidally. Leaves entire.154. Cistaceae.Sepals and petals with imbricate aestivation. Stamens 15. Ovary 5-celled.Stigmas 5. Fruit opening septicidally. Leaves stipulate.107. Geraniaceae.368. Leaves stipulate.369Leaves exstipulate.370369. Sepals 3, surrounded by a 3-5-toothed involucre. Disc cup-shaped.Fruit dehiscent.Sarcochlaena,140. Chlaenaceae.Sepals 5. Disc wanting. Fruit indehiscent.150. Dipterocarpaceae.370. Leaves alternate. Ovules pendulous.148. Theaceae.Leaves opposite. Ovules ascending or horizontal.149. Guttiferae.371. (320.) Stamens as many to twice as many as petals, 4-12.372Stamens more than twice as many as petals.382372. Filaments free.373Filaments obviously united, at least at the base.377373. Stipules present, but sometimes very small and caducous.374Stipules wanting, but axillary spines sometimes present.376374. Leaves opposite or whorled. Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens 8-10.98. Cunoniaceae.Leaves alternate.375375. Style 1, 2-3-cleft, with undivided branches. Stamens 5. Disc present.Sepals imbricate in bud. Petals usually 2-cleft. Fruit a drupe or nut.Seeds exalbuminous.Dichapetalum,121. Dichapetalaceae.Styles 2, 3, or 5, free or united at the base, usually 2-cleft. Flowers unisexual. Fruit usually a capsule.122. Euphorbiaceae.376. Leaves with glandular dots. Petals 4-5. Stamens as many or twice as many.115. Rutaceae.Leaves without glandular dots, lobed, opposite. Petals 5. Stamens 8, inserted at the inner edge of the disc. Ovary-cells and style-branches 2.Acer,133. Aceraceae.377. Flowers unisexual. Stamens as many as and alternate with the petals.Leaves alternate, undivided, stipulate.122. Euphorbiaceae.Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely polygamous.378378. Sepals valvate in bud, united below. Leaves alternate, stipulate.144. Sterculiaceae.Sepals imbricate in bud.379379. Petals with a callosity or scale on the inside. Ovary-cells and styles or style-branches 3-4. Stamens 10. Flowers solitary or in fascicles.Leaves undivided, stipulate. Shrubs or trees.112. Erythroxylaceae.Petals without an appendage on the inside. Ovary-cells and styles or style-branches 5, more rarely 3-4, but then stamens 4-5 or flowers in racemes or panicles.380380. Ovary lobed, 5-celled. Styles 5. Stamens 10. Fruit a capsule. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Leaves alternate, usually compound.108. Oxalidaceae.Ovary entire. Stamens 4-5 or 10; in the latter case styles 3 or fruita drupe. Leaves simple, undivided.381381. Ovary-cells and styles or style-branches 3. Stamens 10. Flowers in panicles. Leaves alternate, exstipulate. Small trees or climbing shrubs.Asteropeia,148. Theaceae.Ovary-cells and styles or style-branches 5, rarely 3-4, but then stamens4-5 or flowers in cone-like racemes.110. Linaceae.382. (371.) Leaves stipulate, alternate.383Leaves exstipulate.386383. Calyx imbricate in bud, 4-partite. Stamens 10. Filaments free or united at the base. Anthers turned outwards, 2-celled. Flowers unisexual. Trees.Heywoodia,122. Euphorbiaceae.Calyx valvate in bud.384384. Anthers 1-celled (one half only developed). Filaments united. Seeds albuminous; embryo curved.142. Malvaceae.Anthers 2-celled (both halves developed, but sometimes finally confluent).385385. Filaments united at the base or higher up. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous.144. Sterculiaceae.Filaments free or united at the base; in the latter case flowers unisexual.141. Tiliaceae.386. Leaves opposite, undivided. Ovules ascending or horizontal. Seeds exalbuminous.149. Guttiferae.Leaves alternate.387387. Sepals 2. Petals 4-5, imbricate in bud. Filaments free. Anthers 2-celled.Disc cup-shaped. Ovary 2-celled. Ovules ascending. Style1, two-cleft.Talinella,73. Portulacaceae.Sepals 5. Disc wanting. Ovary 3-5-celled. Ovules pendulous. Styles3-5, free or united at the base.388388. Flowers unisexual, in glomerules. Petals in the male flowers 3, valvate in bud. Anthers 4-celled.Junodia,122. Euphorbiaceae.Flowers hermaphrodite, in panicles. Petals 5, imbricate in bud. Anthers2-celled.148. Theaceae.389. (319.) Style 1, undivided, with a single stigma or with two or more stigmas contiguous at the base, or one sessile stigma.390Styles 2 or more, free or united below, but not to the base of the stigmas, or two or more free sessile stigmas.439390. Stamens fewer than twice as many as the petals.391Stamens twice as many as the petals or more.404391. Petals and stamens hypogynous.392Petals, and usually also the stamens, more or less perigynous. Leaves undivided.399392. Stamens 7-9, free. Sepals 3 or 5, petals 5, both with contorted aestivation. Flowers regular. Leaves entire.154. Cistaceae.Stamens 2-6.393393. Ovary 2-celled. Stamens 6, rarely 2 or 4. Sepals 4, petals 4. Receptacle with glands. Leaves simple, without stipules, but often with auricles at the base.88. Cruciferae.Ovary 3- or more-celled. Stamens 4-5.394394. Sepals valvate in bud, united below. Filaments usually united. Disc wanting. Leaves stipulate.395Sepals imbricate or open in bud, free or nearly so, rarely evidently united, but then leaves exstipulate. Filaments free; anthers sometimes united.396395. Anthers opening by 1 slit. Leaves palmately compound. Trees.Ceiba,143. Bombacaceae.Anthers opening by 2 slits or pores. Leaves simple.144. Sterculiaceae.396. Anthers united, opening at the apex. Stamens 5. Disc wanting.Petals 3 or 5. Sepals 3 or 5, one of them spurred. Herbs. Leaves undivided, exstipulate.Impatiens,136. Balsaminaceae.Anthers free, opening lengthwise.397397. Flowers irregular. Stamens usually fewer than the petals. Disc present.Ovary 4-5-celled. Albumen abundant. Shrubs or trees. Leavesalternate, pinnate.Melianthus,135. Melianthaceae.Flowers regular. Stamens as many as the petals. Albumen scanty or wanting.398398. Disc present. Leaves stipulate, usually opposite or compound.113. Zygophyllaceae.Disc wanting. Staminodes in bundles alternating with the fertile stamens.Sepals united below. Leaves exstipulate, alternate, undivided.Thomassetia,148. Theaceae.399. (391.) Calyx with valvate aestivation. Seeds exalbuminous; embryo straight.173. Lythraceae.Calyx with imbricate or open aestivation.400400. Stem herbaceous. Leaves without glandular dots, exstipulate. Sepals4. Petals 4. Stamens 6. Ovary 2-celled.Subularia,88. Cruciferae.Stem woody. Stamens 3-5, very rarely 6-8, but then sepals 5 and petals 5.401401. Leaves with glandular dots, alternate, exstipulate. Stamens 5-8.Ovary 2-3-celled. Seeds exalbuminous.Heteropyxis,180. Myrtaceae.Leaves without glandular dots. Stamens 3-5. Ovary 3-7-celled.402402. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate and then, as usually, stamens 3. Stamens inserted upon the disc. Filaments dilated. Ovary 3-celled. Seeds exalbuminous.130. Hippocrateaceae.Leaves alternate. Stamens 4-5, inserted below the edge of the disc.Seeds albuminous.403403. Leaves stipulate. Ovary 3-5-celled. Fruit a capsule. Seeds with an aril.129. Celastraceae.Leaves exstipulate. Ovary 5-7-celled. Fruit a drupe. Seeds without an aril.Brexia,96. Saxifragaceae.404. (390.) Stamens twice as many as the petals.405Stamens more than twice as many as the petals.416405. Petals and stamens hypogynous.406Petals, and usually also the stamens, perigynous. Leaves undivided.413406. Filaments united in a tube, at least at the base.407Filaments free, rarely (Rutaceae) united in several bundles.408407. Sepals valvate in bud, very rarely at first imbricate; in this case many ovules in each ovary-cell and leaves undivided. Disc wanting. Leaves stipulate.144. Sterculiaceae.Sepals imbricate in bud. Ovules few in each ovary-cell, rarely many, but then leaves pinnate. Disc usually distinctly developed. Leaves exstipulate. Shrubs or trees.118. Meliaceae.408. Ovary distinctly stalked, entire. Seeds exalbuminous; embryo curved.87. Capparidaceae.Ovary sessile or nearly so.409409. Calyx with valvate aestivation. Disc wanting. Leaves stipulate.141. Tiliaceae.Calyx with imbricate, contorted, or open aestivation.410410. Calyx with contorted aestivation. Disc wanting. Leaves undivided.Seeds albuminous; embryo curved.154. Cistaceae.Calyx with imbricate, not contorted, or with open aestivation. Disc ring-, cushion-, or cup-shaped.411411. Disc outside the stamens. Flowers usually irregular. Seeds with a copious albumen and straight embryo. Shrubs or trees.135. Melianthaceae.Disc within the stamens. Flowers regular.412412. Leaves with translucent dots, exstipulate.115. Rutaceae.Leaves without dots, stipulate.113. Zygophyllaceae.413. (405.) Anthers opening by 1-2 apical pores. Leaves opposite or whorled, exstipulate.181. Melastomataceae.Anthers opening by 2 longitudinal slits.414414. Calyx with valvate aestivation.173. Lythraceae.Calyx with imbricate aestivation. Stamens 10. Ovary 3-celled. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, exstipulate.415415. Flowers polygamous, without bracteoles. Calyx shortly lobed. Filaments free. Anthers attached by the base. Fruit indehiscent. Leaves with translucent dots.Psiloxylon,180. Myrtaceae.Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx deeply divided. Anthers attached by the back. Fruit dehiscing loculicidally. Leaves without dots.Asteropeia,148. Theaceae.416. (404.) Petals and stamens hypogynous.417Petals, and usually also the stamens, perigynous.433417. Stipules present, but sometimes minute and caducous.418Stipules wanting, but axillary spines sometimes present.428418. Calyx with valvate, closed, or open aestivation.419Calyx with imbricate or contorted aestivation.425419. Corolla with valvate aestivation.420Corolla with imbricate or contorted aestivation.421420. Petals toothed or laciniate. Anthers opening by a single pore or slit at the apex. Trees. Leaves undivided.Elaeocarpus,139. Elaeocarpaceae.Petals entire or emarginate. Anthers opening by 2 pores or slits.141. Tiliaceae.421. Ovary distinctly stalked. Stigma usually sessile. Petals with imbricate, not contorted aestivation. Seeds exalbuminous.87. Capparidaceae.Ovary sessile or nearly so. Petals usually with contorted aestivation.422422. Anthers 1-celled, opening by 1 slit or pore. Filaments united. Petals5.423Anthers 2-celled, opening by 2, rarely confluent slits or pores.424423. Leaves simple. Flowers with an epicalyx. Filaments united to the apex or nearly so. Pollen-grains spiny.142. Malvaceae.Leaves palmately compound. Flowers without an epicalyx. Filaments united below. Pollen-grains smooth or nearly so. Trees.143. Bombacaceae.424. Filaments more or less united. Staminodes present.144. Sterculiaceae.Filaments free, rarely shortly united at the base, but then staminodes absent.141. Tiliaceae.425. (418.) Calyx and corolla with contorted aestivation. Petals 5-6.Ovary sessile or nearly so. Seeds albuminous. Leaves undivided.426Calyx and corolla with imbricate, not contorted aestivation.427426. Disc present. Ovules inverted.140. Chlaenaceae.Disc absent. Ovules usually straight.154. Cistaceae.427. Ovary sessile, 2-3-celled. Style awl-shaped. Ovules ascending. Seeds with copious albumen. Flowers regular. Leaves undivided.Sphaerosepalum,156. Cochlospermaceae.Ovary stalked. Seeds without albumen.87. Capparidaceae.428. (417.) Leaves all radical, floating, peltate. Petals numerous. Ovary6-or more-celled. Stigma sessile. Seeds albuminous; embryo straight.Nuphar,76. Nymphaeaceae.Leaves cauline and radical or all cauline, not floating. Petals 4-5.429429. Leaves opposite. Calyx with valvate, open, or imbricate, not contorted aestivation. Filaments usually united in several bundles. Seeds exalbuminous.149. Guttiferae.Leaves alternate, more rarely (Cistaceae) opposite, but then calyx and corolla with contorted aestivation, filaments free, and seeds albuminous.430430. Leaves compound, with 1-3 leaflets, translucently dotted. Sepals united below. Ovary sessile, 5- or more-celled. Seeds exalbuminous.115. Rutaceae.Leaves simple, undivided, not dotted, rarely digitate or dotted, but then ovary stalked.431431. Ovary stalked. Stigma usually sessile. Disc usually present. Seeds exalbuminous.87. Capparidaceae.Ovary sessile. Disc not distinctly developed. Flowers regular.432432. Sepals and petals with contorted aestivation. Ovules usually straight.Seeds albuminous.154. Cistaceae.Sepals and petals 5, with imbricate, not contorted aestivation. Ovules inverted or incurved. Trees or shrubs.148. Theaceae.433. (416.) Calyx with valvate, closed, or open aestivation.434Calyx with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Leaves undivided. 438434. Corolla with valvate, calyx with open aestivation. Ovary 3-8-celled.Seeds albuminous. Leaves alternate, undivided. Trees or shrubs.145. Scytopetalaceae.Corolla with imbricate or open aestivation; in the latter case calyx valvate.Seeds exalbuminous, rarely with scanty albumen, but then leaves digitate.435435. Anthers opening by a single slit. Filaments united. Ovary 5-10-celled, slightly sunk in the receptacle. Petals 5, with contorted aestivation.Seeds albuminous. Leaves digitate, stipulate. Trees.143. Bombacaceae.Anthers opening by 2 slits. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves undivided, rarely digitate, but then ovary stalked and 2-celled.436436. Ovary stalked, 2-celled. Embryo curved. Leaves alternate.87. Capparidaceae.Ovary sessile. Embryo straight. Leaves undivided, usually opposite.437437. Ovary 2-6-celled.173. Lythraceae.Ovary 10-20-celled. Ovules inserted upon the dissepiments. Petals linear. Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, exstipulate.Sonneratia,174. Sonneratiaceae.438. Calyx and corolla with contorted aestivation. Petals 5-6. Disc present.Ovary 3-celled. Style present. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, not peltate.140. Chlaenaceae.Calyx and corolla with imbricate, not contorted aestivation. Petals numerous. Disc wanting. Ovary 6- or more-celled. Style wanting.Herbs. Leaves all radical, floating, peltate.Nymphaea,76. Nymphaeaceae.439. (389.) Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals, 3-10.440Stamens numerous.446440. Petals and stamens perigynous or inserted at the base of an hypogynous disc. Stamens 8 or 10. Styles free. Seeds albuminous.441Petals and stamens hypogynous. Disc wanting.442441. Stem herbaceous. Leaves usually radical or alternate and exstipulate.Placentas thick.Saxifraga,96. Saxifragaceae.Stem woody. Leaves opposite or whorled, stipulate. Ovules in two rows.98. Cunoniaceae.442. Leaves opposite or whorled, undivided, stipulate. Filaments free.Styles free. Seeds exalbuminous. Herbs or undershrubs.151. Elatinaceae.Leaves alternate or all radical.443443. Sepals united below, valvate in bud. Leaves stipulate.144. Sterculiaceae.Sepals free or nearly so, imbricate in bud.444444. Ovary-cells and styles 5. Petals with contorted aestivation. Seeds albuminous.108. Oxalidaceae.Ovary-cells and styles or style-branches 3. Stamens 10. Trees orshrubs. Leaves undivided.445445. Filaments free. Anthers opening at the apex. Style shortly 3-cleft.Ovules in several rows. Albumen abundant. Bracteoles absent.Clethra,188. Clethraceae.Filaments united at the base. Ovules in two rows. Albumen scanty or wanting. Bracteoles present.Asteropeia,148. Theaceae.446. (439.) Petals and stamens perigynous, adnate to the ovary at the base, numerous. Filaments free. Sepals imbricate in bud. Leaves all radical, stipulate.Nymphaea,76. Nymphaeaceae.Petals and stamens hypogynous, free from the ovary. Petals 3-9.447447. Leaves opposite, undivided, exstipulate. Seeds exalbuminous.149. Guttiferae.Leaves alternate.448448. Petals 8. Sepals 5, imbricate in bud. Filaments free. Styles free.Seeds with a straight embryo and copious albumen. Herbs. Leaves dissected, exstipulate.Nigella,78. Ranunculaceae.Petals 3-5. Filaments united, at least at the base.449449. Sepals 5, free or nearly so, imbricate in bud. Albumen scanty or wanting.Trees or shrubs. Leaves undivided, exstipulate.148. Theaceae.Sepals 3-5, valvate or open in bud. Leaves stipulate.450450. Anthers opening by a single slit or pore.142. Malvaceae.Anthers opening by two slits or pores.144. Sterculiaceae.451. (189.) Styles united below or throughout their whole length.452Styles entirely free or loosely cohering above.457452. Anthers 1-celled, opening by a single slit. Stamens numerous. Filaments united. Disc not distinctly developed. Calyx with valvate aestivation. Seeds albuminous. Leaves simple, stipulate.142. Malvaceae.Anthers 2-celled, opening by 2 slits or pores. Calyx with imbricate, more rarely with open or valvate aestivation, in the latter case leaves exstipulate.453453. Ovules solitary in each carpel. Trees or shrubs.454Ovules 2 or more in each carpel. Leaves exstipulate.456454. Receptacle more or less elongated. Stamens 10 or more. Fruits drupaceous.Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves undivided, stipulate.147. Ochnaceae.Receptacle expanded into a disc. Leaves exstipulate.455455. Stamens inserted within the disc. Ovules ascending.134. Sapindaceae.Stamens inserted outside the disc.116. Simarubaceae.456. Sepals 3. Petals 6. Stamens numerous. Trees or shrubs.81. Anonaceae.Sepals 4-5. Petals 4-5. Stamens 4-10. Leaves translucently dotted.115. Rutaceae.457. (451.) Ovules solitary in each carpel.458Ovules 2 or more in each carpel.470458. Leaves opposite, exstipulate.459Leaves alternate or the uppermost whorled, or all radical.462459. Stamens 3-10. Carpels 3-9. Albumen scanty. Leaves undivided.460Stamens numerous. Carpels 2 or many. Albumen abundant.461460. Stamens 3-9. Petals white or reddish. Fruit dehiscent.Crassula,95. Crassulaceae.Stamens 10. Petals greenish, fleshy. Fruit indehiscent. Shrubs.Flowers in racemes.Coriaria,126. Coriariaceae.461. Carpels 2. Ovules ascending. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Seeds with an aril.Erect shrubs or trees. Leaves undivided.Hibbertia,146. Dilleniaceae.Carpels numerous. Ovules pendulous. Seeds without an aril.Clematis,78. Ranunculaceae.462. Leaves stipulate.463Leaves exstipulate.467463. Stamens as many as the petals, 3-8, hypogynous or nearly so. Styles terminal. Flowers unisexual.464Stamens twice as many as the petals or more, rarely as many as the petals or fewer, but then distinctly perigynous and styles basal. Ovules inverted.465464. Stem erect, tree-like. Leaves lobed. Flowers in heads. Ovules pendulous, straight. Fruit dry.Platanus,102. Platanaceae.Stem climbing. Leaves undivided. Flowers in racemes or panicles.Ovules laterally affixed, half-inverted. Fruit fleshy.Tiliacora,80. Menispermaceae.465. Petals and stamens perigynous.103. Rosaceae.Petals and stamens hypogynous. Leaves undivided.466466. Flowers regular. Sepals 3-4, valvate in bud. Stamens numerous, with united filaments. Disc absent. Trees.Christiania,141. Tiliaceae.Flowers irregular. Sepals 5. Disc present. Shrubs.Astrocarpus,89. Resedaceae.467. Disc present. Sepals 2-5. Albumen scanty or wanting. Stem woody.116. Simarubaceae.Disc absent. Albumen abundant, rarely scanty or wanting, but then sepals 6 or more.468468. Flowers unisexual. Sepals 6 or more. Stamens usually as many as petals or fewer. Fruits drupaceous. Stem usually climbing. Flowers usually in racemes.80. Menispermaceae.Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, rarely unisexual, but then sepals2-3. Stamens usually more than petals. Albumen abundant.469469. Stem woody. Leaves entire or toothed. Sepals 2-3. Albumenruminate.81. Anonaceae.Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only, rarely throughout, but then leaves lobed or dissected and sepals 4 or more. Albumen uniform.78. Ranunculaceae.470. (457.) Leaves stipulate.471Leaves exstipulate.474471. Petals and stamens perigynous.103. Rosaceae.Petals and stamens hypogynous.472472. Disc one-sided, scale-like. Ovary stalked. Stamens 10-15. Flowers irregular, 5-merous. Seeds exalbuminous. Herbs. Leaves undivided.Caylusea,89. Resedaceae.Disc stalk-like or wanting. Seeds albuminous. Shrubs or trees.473473. Calyx with valvate, corolla with contorted aestivation. Stamens 10 or more. Petal-like staminodes within the stamens 5-10. Flowers regular, 5-merous.144. Sterculiaceae.Calyx and corolla with imbricate aestivation. Stamens numerous.Leaves undivided.146. Dilleniaceae.474. Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals.475Stamens numerous, not exactly twice as many as the petals, hypogynous.Seeds with abundant albumen.479475. Sepals 2-3. Petals 3-6. Stamens 6-12, hypogynous. Albumen abundant. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, undivided.81. Anonaceae.Sepals 4 or more, rarely 3, but then stamens 3.476476. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base, rarely throughout, but then, as usually, ovules numerous. Albumen scanty or wanting.95. Crassulaceae.Stem woody throughout. Ovules 2.477477. Leaves pinnate, with 3 or more leaflets, alternate, rarely dotted and then stamens 10. Flowers 5-merous. Ovules ascending, straight. Seeds with an aril.104. Connaraceae.Leaves simple or compound; in the latter case, as usually, leaves translucently dotted and stamens 3-5. Ovules inverted. Seeds without an aril.478478. Style terminal or nearly so. Stamens 3-5. Seeds albuminous, with a thick and hard coat.Fagara,115. Rutaceae.Styles basal or nearly so. Stamens 5-10. Seeds exalbuminous, witha thin coat. Leaves undivided.Suriana,116. Simarubaceae.479. Sepals 2-3. Petals 3-6. Albumen ruminate. Shrubs or trees. Leaves undivided.81. Anonaceae.Sepals 4-6, imbricate in bud.480480. Seeds with an aril. Sepals persistent. Shrubs or trees. Leaves undivided.146. Dilleniaceae.Seeds without an aril. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves more or lessdeeply divided or compound.78. Ranunculaceae.481. (188.) Ovary 1-celled, sometimes incompletely chambered.482Ovary completely or almost completely 2- or more-celled, rarely 2 or more distinct ovaries.507482. Ovules not distinctly differentiated from the placenta. Shrubs parasitic upon trees or shrubs. Leaves undivided. Calyx-limb little developed.Petals 2-6, valvate in bud. Stamens as many as and opposite the petals.Stigma 1.Loranthus,61. Loranthaceae.Ovules distinctly developed. Herbs or non-parasitic shrubs or trees.483483. Ovule 1.484Ovules 2 or more.490484. Ovule erect, straight. Stigmas 2. Stamens numerous. Petals 3-4.Flowers monoecious, in spikes. Leaves pinnate. Trees.Juglans,49. Juglandaceae.Ovule pendulous, inverted. Stamens as many as the petals or fewer, rarely (Alangiaceae) more, but then petals 6-10 and flowers hermaphrodite.485485. Filaments wholly united. Anthers 5, twisted. Flowers unisexual.Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves angled or lobed. Climbing, tendril-bearing plants.223. Cucurbitaceae.Filaments free or united at the base only. Plants without tendrils.486486. Anthers opening by valves. Stigma 1. Seed exalbuminous. Trees or climbing shrubs. Leaves palminerved. Flowers in panicles.85. Hernandiaceae.Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous.Seed albuminous.487487. Flowers 4-merous, in racemes or panicles. Leaves pinnate. Shrubs or trees. Fruit a drupe.Polyscias,185. Araliaceae.Flowers 5-10-merous. Leaves simple, but sometimes dissected, and then herbs or undershrubs with the flowers in umbels.488488. Flowers in umbels. Leaves more or less deeply divided. Herbs or undershrubs. Fruit a nut.186. Umbelliferae.Flowers in heads, spikes, or cymes. Leaves undivided. Shrubs or trees. 489.489. Flowers in cymes. Petals valvate in bud. Fruit a drupe. Embryo large.Alangium,178. Alangiaceae.Flowers in heads or spikes, 5-merous. Petals imbricate in bud. Fruit a nut. Embryo small.100. Bruniaceae.490. (483.) Ovules basal or inserted on a free central placenta.491Ovules parietal or inserted at the apex of the ovary-cell. 499.491. Flowers unisexual. Stamens as many as the petals or fewer, 2-5.Fruit a berry or a nut. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs.492Flowers hermaphrodite.493492. Flowers 4-merous. Styles or sessile stigmas 4, free. Seeds albuminous.Herbs. Leaves undivided.Laurembergia,183. Halorrhagaceae.Flowers 5-merous. Style 1, entire or cleft. Seeds exalbuminous.223. Cucurbitaceae.493. Sepals 2. Fruit opening by a lid. Herbs. Leaves alternate, undivided.Portulaca,73. Portulacaceae.Sepals 4-8, sometimes united into an entire calyx. Style simple.Fruit indehiscent. Trees or shrubs, rarely (Bruniaceae) undershrubs.494494. Stamens numerous. Petals 5. Ovules 2. Fruit a drupe. Leaves alternate, stipulate.103. Rosaceae.Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals, 4-16. Leaves undivided.495495. Stamens twice as many as the petals, 8-16. Leaves opposite or whorled.496Stamens as many as the petals, 4-6. Seeds albuminous.497496. Leaves stipulate. Petals 5-8, toothed or lobed, valvate in bud. Anthers without appendages. Seeds albuminous.Carallia,177. Rhizophoraceae.Leaves exstipulate. Petals usually 4. Anthers with appendages. Seeds exalbuminous.181. Melastomataceae.497. Stamens opposite the petals. Petals valvate in bud. Ovules pendulous.Fruit a drupe. Leaves alternate.59. Olacaceae.Stamens alternating with the petals. Petals imbricate in bud.498498. Stigma 1. Ovules erect. Fruit a drupe. Leaves opposite, stipulate.Pleurostylia,129. Celastraceae.Stigmas 2. Ovules pendulous. Fruit a capsule or a nut. Leaves alternate, exstipulate.100. Bruniaceae.499. (490.) Ovules apical.500Ovules parietal.502500. Ovules numerous, affixed to 2-3 placentas suspended from the apex of the ovary-cell. Styles 2-3, free. Stamens 5. Flowers hermaphrodite.Fruit capsular. Seeds with abundant albumen. Herbs. Leaves opposite, undivided.Vahlia,96. Saxifragaceae.Ovules 2-6, suspended from the apex of the ovary-cell. Style 1, entire or cleft. Seeds without albumen.501501. Stamens 2-5. Flowers unisexual. Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs, usually climbing or prostrate.223. Cucurbitaceae.Stamens 8 or more, rarely 4-6, but then flowers hermaphrodite. Style simple. Trees, shrubs, or undershrubs. Leaves undivided.179. Combretaceae.502. Flowers unisexual, rarely polygamous. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs.503Flowers hermaphrodite. Shrubs or trees. Seeds albuminous.504503. Flowers 5-merous. Stamens 2-5. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves well-developed.223. Cucurbitaceae.Flowers 6-merous. Stamens 12 or more. Seeds albuminous. Leavesscale-like.Pilostyles,64. Rafflesiaceae.504. Stamens as many as and alternating with the petals, 5. Petals small.Style 2-cleft. Ovary inferior. Ovules many. Fruit a berry. Leaves lobed.Ribes,96. Saxifragaceae.Stamens as many as and opposite the petals or in greater number. Style simple, more rarely divided, but then ovary half-inferior. Leaves undivided or wanting.505505. Stamens numerous, not collected in bundles. Ovary inferior. Style simple, with several stigmas. Fruit a berry. Succulent, usually leafless plants.167. Cactaceae.Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals, or collected in several bundles. Ovary half-inferior. Style simple with an entire or slightly lobed stigma, or more or less deeply divided into 2-6 branches. Leafy plants.506506. Petals 5-6, lobed or slit, valvate in bud. Stamens twice their number.Style simple. Ovules 6. Fruit a berry. Leaves opposite or whorled.Ceriops,177. Rhizophoraceae.Petals 4-8, imbricate in bud. Stamens placed singly or in pairs or bundles opposite the petals; if in pairs or bundles, then style divided.Fruit a capsule.159. Flacourtiaceae.507. (481.) Ovules solitary in each ovary-cell.508Ovules two or more in each ovary-cell.527508. Ovules erect or ascending.509Ovules pendulous or descending.513509. Stamens 10 or more. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Ovary 4-10-celled. Styles or style-branches 2-10. Shrubs or trees. Leaves stipulate.103. Rosaceae.Stamens 2-5.510510. Flowers 2-merous. Herbs. Leaves opposite, exstipulate.Circaea,182. Oenotheraceae.Flowers 4-5-merous.511511. Stamens, at least apparently (by coalescence), fewer than the petals, 3.Sepals 5. Petals 5. Ovary-cells and stigmas 3. Flowers unisexual.Tendril-bearing herbs. Leaves alternate.Cayaponia,223. Cucurbitaceae.Stamens as many as the petals, 4-5. Shrubs or trees, rarely undershrubs.512512. Stamens alternating with the petals. Calyx with imbricate or open aestivation.129. Celastraceae.Stamens opposite the petals. Calyx with valvate aestivation.137. Rhamnaceae.513. (508.) Ovary 2-celled.514Ovary 3-15-celled.522514. Style 1, with a single stigma. Flowers 4-merous.515Style 1, with 2-3 stigmas, or styles 2.517515. Stamens numerous. Flowers hermaphrodite, in cymes. Fruit a berry.Seeds exalbuminous. Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite.Pimenta,180. Myrtaceae.Stamens 4.516516. Flowers unisexual, in cymes. Fruit a drupe. Seeds albuminous. Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite.Cornus,187. Cornaceae.Flowers hermaphrodite, solitary. Fruit a nut. Seeds exalbuminous.Herbs. Leaves radical.Trapa,182. Oenotheraceae.517. Stamens numerous. Petals 5. Stigmas 3. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves alternate.Kissenia,164. Loasaceae.Stamens as many as the petals. Stigmas 2. Seeds albuminous.518518. Fruit a capsule, rarely a nut, and then ovary half-inferior. Trees, shrubs, or undershrubs. Leaves simple, undivided. Flowers in heads or head-like spikes, rarely in racemes or panicles.519Fruit a schizocarp (splitting into 2 nutlets), a nut, or a drupe. Ovary inferior, rarely half-inferior, but then leaves compound or divided.Flowers in umbels, more rarely in heads, whorls, spikes, racemes, or panicles.520519. Leaves stipulate. Flowers usually 4-merous. Styles 2, free. Fruit a capsule. Albumen scanty.101. Hamamelidaceae.Leaves exstipulate, rarely stipulate, but then style 1. Flowers 5-merous.Petals clawed, imbricate in bud. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Albumen abundant.100. Bruniaceae.520. Fruit a schizocarp splitting into two nutlets, rarely a nut, and then, as usually, stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. Flowers 5-merous.Epigynous disc usually 2-parted. Styles free.186. Umbelliferae.Fruit a drupe or a nut. Stem woody throughout. Epigynous disc usually entire.521521. Leaves compound or more or less deeply divided. Flowers in umbels, spikes, or racemes. Ovules with ventral raphe.185. Araliaceae.Leaves simple, undivided, exstipulate. Flowers in racemes or panicles.Ovules with dorsal raphe. Fruit a drupe.187. Cornaceae.522. (513.) Stem herbaceous. Fruit dry.523Stem woody. Fruit more or less succulent.524523. Flowers 4-merous. Stamens 2-8. Fruit indehiscent or splitting into2-4 nutlets. Seeds albuminous. Leaves exstipulate. Water-plants.Myriophyllum,183. Halorrhagaceae.Flowers 5-merous. Stamens 10. Fruit capsular. Seeds exalbuminous.Leaves stipulate. Land-plants.103. Rosaceae.524. Leaves compound or more or less deeply divided, rarely the upper ones undivided, and then ovary-cells and styles 5. Flowers in umbels or heads, rarely in spikes or racemes. Stamens as many as petals, 4-16,rarely twice their number, 10.185. Araliaceae.Leaves undivided, exstipulate. Flowers in spikes, racemes, panicles, or fascicles. Ovary 3-4-celled. Styles 1-4.525525. Stamens as many as and opposite the petals, 4-5. Style simple. Flowers in racemes or fascicles.59. Olacaceae.Stamens as many as and alternate with the petals or twice as many.526526. Stamens as many as the petals, 4-10. Seeds albuminous.187. Cornaceae.Stamens twice as many as the petals, 6-8, but the alternate ones sometimes without anthers. Sepals and petals valvate in bud. Styles 3-4.Flowers polygamous. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves alternate.177. Rhizophoraceae.527. (507.) Ovules 2-4 in each ovary-cell.528Ovules more than 4 in each ovary-cell.537528. Stamens as many as the petals or fewer.529Stamens twice as many as the petals or more.533529. Stamens, at least apparently (by coalescence), fewer than the petals,2-4. Flowers 5-merous, unisexual. Ovary inferior. Usually herbaceous and tendril-bearing plants. Leaves alternate.223. Cucurbitaceae.Stamens as many as the petals, 4-5, free or nearly so. Trees or shrubs, rarely undershrubs.530530. Stamens opposite the petals. Petals valvate in bud. Ovary inferior.Style simple; stigma entire. Leaves opposite, exstipulate.Olinia,170. Oliniaceae.Stamens alternating with the petals. Ovary usually half-inferior. Leaves opposite, but stipulate, or alternate.531531. Leaves exstipulate, alternate. Flowers hermaphrodite, 5-merous. Ovules pendulous. Seeds with a minute embryo and abundant albumen.100. Bruniaceae.Leaves stipulate.532532. Calyx large. Petals 5, usually two-cleft. Stigmas 2-3. Ovules pendulous.Fruit indehiscent. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves alternate.Dichapetalum,121. Dichapetalaceae.Calyx small. Petals imbricate in bud. Style simple or wanting. Ovules erect, rarely pendulous, but then leaves, at least those of the flowering branches, opposite.129. Celastraceae.533. Stamens twice as many as the petals. Petals with valvate aestivation.Style 1. Seeds albuminous. Leaves opposite or whorled, stipulate.177. Rhizophoraceae.Stamens more than twice as many as the petals. Petals with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Seeds exalbuminous.534534. Style 1, with a single stigma. Ovules in the whole ovary 4 or more.Leaves exstipulate.535