showing the number of Genera and Species and the Geographical Distribution of each Family.
====================++=============++=============++=============++=============++=============++=============++=============|| Whole || Africa || Africa || North || Central || Malagasy || South|| Earth || (in all) ||(indigenous) || Africa || Africa || Islands || Africa====================++======+======++======+======++======+======++======+======++======+======++======+======++======+======Cycadaceae || 9 | 85 || 3 | 25 || 3 | 25 || | || 1 | 8 || 1 | 1 || 2 | 15Ginkgoaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || |Taxaceae || 11 | 100 || 2 | 9 || 2 | 9 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 5 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 3Pinaceae || 26 | 260 || 6 | 25 || 5 | 25 || 5 | 15 || 2 | 4 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 3Gnetaceae || 3 | 45 || 3 | 8 || 3 | 8 || 1 | 5 || 3 | 5 || | || |--------------------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------Gymnospermae || 50 | 500 || 14 | 65 || 13 | 65 || 7 | 20 || 7 | 20 || 3 | 3 || 4 | 20--------------------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------Typhaceae || 1 | 9 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 3 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2Pandanaceae || 3 | 240 || 1 | 65 || 1 | 65 || | || 1 | 15 || 1 | 50 || |Sparganiaceae || 1 | 15 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || | || | || |Potamogetonaceae || 9 | 100 || 8 | 35 || 8 | 35 || 8 | 20 || 4 | 20 || 6 | 20 || 4 | 5Naiadaceae || 1 | 30 || 1 | 10 || 1 | 10 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 7 || 1 | 5 || 1 | 1Aponogetonaceae || 1 | 20 || 1 | 20 || 1 | 20 || | || 1 | 8 || 1 | 6 || 1 | 9Scheuchzeriaceae || 5 | 15 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 2 || | || 1 | 3Alismataceae || 12 | 75 || 9 | 15 || 9 | 15 || 4 | 5 || 8 | 10 || 4 | 4 || |Butomaceae || 4 | 7 || 2 | 2 || 2 | 2 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || |Hydrocharitaceae || 15 | 65 || 10 | 40 || 10 | 40 || 4 | 4 || 9 | 35 || 8 | 10 || 1 | 1Triuridaceae || 2 | 25 || 1 | 3 || 1 | 3 || | || 1 | 2 || 1 | 1 || |Gramineae || 373 | 3700 || 205 | 1600 || 199 | 1600 || 108 | 380 || 130 | 850 || 66 | 200 || 80 | 460Cyperaceae || 77 | 3000 || 40 | 880 || 40 | 880 || 9 | 90 || 25 | 490 || 26 | 270 || 28 | 350Palmae || 169 | 1200 || 36 | 100 || 33 | 100 || 3 | 4 || 13 | 40 || 24 | 60 || 2 | 2Cyclanthaceae || 6 | 45 || | || | || | || | || | || |Araceae || 115 | 1100 || 33 | 150 || 28 | 140 || 6 | 10 || 21 | 120 || 6 | 6 || 3 | 10Lemnaceae || 3 | 25 || 3 | 12 || 3 | 12 || 3 | 7 || 3 | 10 || 2 | 4 || 3 | 5Flagellariaceae || 3 | 7 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1Restionaceae || 23 | 250 || 12 | 230 || 12 | 230 || | || 1 | 1 || | || 12 | 230Centrolepidaceae || 7 | 40 || | || | || | || | || | || |Mayacaceae || 1 | 7 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || 1 | 1|| | || |Xyridaceae || 2 | 55 || 1 | 40 || 1 | 40 || | || 1 | 30 || 1 | 6 || 1 | 8Eriocaulaceae || 9 | 570 || 4 | 80 || 4 | 80 || | || 4 | 60 || 3 | 15 || 2 | 10Thurniaceae || 1 | 2 || | || | || | || | || | || |Rapateaceae || 7 | 25 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || 1 | 1 || | || |Bromeliaceae || 57 | 920 || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || |Commelinaceae || 29 | 320 || 12 | 160 || 12 | 160 || 1 | 5 || 12 | 140 || 6 | 25 || 5 | 20Pontederiaceae || 6 | 20 || 3 | 5 || 3 | 5 || | || 3 | 5 || 1 | 1 || |Cyanastraceae || 1 | 5 || 1 | 5 || 1 | 5 || | || 1 | 5 || | || |Philydraceae || 3 | 4 || | || | || | || | || | || |Juncaceae || 8 | 280 || 3 | 55 || 3 | 55 || 2 | 30 || 2 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 3 | 30Stemonaceae || 3 | 8 || | || | || | || | || | || |Liliaceae || 228 | 2600 || 79 | 1450 || 75 | 1450 || 27 | 130 || 37 | 600 || 22 | 65 || 52 | 880Haemodoraceae || 9 | 30 || 4 | 6 || 4 | 6 || | || | || | || 4 | 6Amaryllidaceae || 83 | 950 || 33 | 310 || 29 | 300 || 6 | 20 || 16 | 110 || 5 | 15 || 19 | 190Velloziaceae || 2 | 70 || 1 | 25 || 1 | 25 || | || 1 | 15 || 1 | 5 || 1 | 9Taccaceae || 2 | 10 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || | || 1 | 1 || 1 | 2 || |Dioscoreaceae || 10 | 240 || 2 | 45 || 2 | 45 || 1 | 3 || 1 | 20 || 1 | 3 || 1 | 15Iridaceae || 60 | 1100 || 39 | 600 || 37 | 600 || 5 | 30 || 13 | 120 || 6 | 10 || 32 | 500Musaceae || 6 | 85 || 4 | 25 || 3 | 20 || | || 1 | 15 || 2 | 2 || 1 | 4Zingiberaceae || 41 | 900 || 11 | 120 || 7 | 110 || | || 4 | 110 || 4 | 6 || 1 | 3Cannaceae || 1 | 40 || 1 | 5 || | || | || | || | || |Marantaceae || 27 | 290 || 12 | 60 || 11 | 55 || | || 11 | 55 || 2 | 2 || |Burmanniaceae || 18 | 60 || 4 | 15 || 4 | 15 || | || 4 | 10 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 1Orchidaceae || 500 | 7400 || 97 | 1600 || 97 | 1600 || 14 | 50 || 55 | 900 || 56 | 370 || 37 | 430--------------------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------Monocotyledonae || 1944 |26000 || 681 | 7800 || 650 | 7750 || 206 | 800 || 381 | 3850 || 261 | 1200 || 298 | 3200--------------------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------Casuarinaceae || 1 | 30 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || | || | || 1 | 2 || |Saururaceae || 3 | 5 || | || | || | || | || | || |Piperaceae || 9 | 1100 || 3 | 80 || 3 | 80 || | || 3 | 40 || 2 | 40 || 2 | 7Chloranthaceae || 4 | 35 || | || | || | || | || | || |Lacistemaceae || 1 | 15 || | || | || | || | || | || |Salicaceae || 2 | 200 || 2 | 20 || 2 | 20 || 2 | 12 || 2 | 6 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 3Garryaceae || 1 | 15 || | || | || | || | || | || |Myricaceae || 1 | 55 || 1 | 25 || 1 | 25 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 6 || 1 | 6 || 1 | 13Balanopsidaceae || 2 | 9 || | || | || | || | || | || |Leitneriaceae || 1 | 2 || | || | || | || | || | || |Juglandaceae || 6 | 40 || 1 | 2 || | || | || | || | || |Batidaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || |Julianiaceae || 2 | 5 || | || | || | || | || | || |Betulaceae || 6 | 90 || 2 | 2 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || | || |Fagaceae || 5 | 370 || 2 | 9 || 2 | 9 || 2 | 9 || | || | || |Ulmaceae || 15 | 120 || 5 | 35 || 5 | 35 || 2 | 2 || 4 | 20 || 3 | 10 || 3 | 7Moraceae || 70 | 1000 || 26 | 260 || 19 | 250 || 1 | 5 || 15 | 200 || 9 | 65 || 1 | 12Urticaceae || 43 | 580 || 20 | 150 || 19 | 150 || 4 | 13 || 17 | 75 || 11 | 55 || 9 | 20Proteaceae || 55 | 1000 || 13 | 400 || 13 | 400 || | || 3 | 50 || 2 | 2 || 12 | 360Myzodendraceae || 1 | 10 || | || | || | || | || | || |Santalaceae || 26 | 250 || 6 | 140 || 6 | 140 || 2 | 5 || 3 | 55 || 2 | 3 || 5 | 90Opiliaceae || 7 | 25 || 2 | 15 || 2 | 15 || | || 2 | 15 || | || 1 | 1Grubbiaceae || 1 | 4 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 4 || | || | || | || 1 | 4Olacaceae || 27 | 160 || 11 | 70 || 11 | 70 || | || 9 | 55 || 4 | 13 || 1 | 1Octoknemataceae || 1 | 3 || 1 | 3 || 1 | 3 || | || 1 | 3 || | || |Loranthaceae || 26 | 900 || 4 | 300 || 4 | 300 || 2 | 2 || 2 | 240 || 3 | 45 || 2 | 40Balanophoraceae || 14 | 50 || 4 | 6 || 4 | 6 || | || 2 | 3 || 2 | 2 || 2 | 3Aristolochiaceae || 6 | 200 || 1 | 30 || 1 | 30 || 1 | 6 || 1 | 20 || 1 | 6 || 1 | 1Rafflesiaceae || 7 | 25 || 2 | 4 || 2 | 4 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1Hydnoraceae || 2 | 10 || 1 | 8 || 1 | 8 || | || 1 | 6 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 2Polygonaceae || 34 | 800 || 9 | 120 || 8 | 120 || 5 | 50 || 5 | 45 || 2 | 20 || 4 | 45Chenopodiaceae || 76 | 450 || 26 | 120 || 25 | 120 || 24 | 75 || 12 | 40 || 3 | 6 || 9 | 40Amarantaceae || 56 | 500 || 32 | 200 || 32 | 200 || 8 | 17 || 28 | 140 || 12 | 35 || 18 | 50Nyctaginaceae || 20 | 170 || 5 | 30 || 3 | 30 || 1 | 6 || 3 | 12 || 3 | 15 || 3 | 6Cynocrambaceae || 1 | 2 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || | || |Phytolaccaceae || 22 | 120 || 5 | 15 || 4 | 10 || 1 | 2 || 4 | 8 || 3 | 4 || 2 | 8Aizoaceae || 24 | 600 || 20 | 480 || 20 | 480 || 6 | 10 || 14 | 45 || 6 | 12 || 20 | 440Portulacaceae || 18 | 210 || 6 | 35 || 6 | 35 || 1 | 2 || 2 | 13 || 2 | 5 || 5 | 20Basellaceae || 5 | 15 || 2 | 4 || 1 | 2 || | || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || |Caryophyllaceae || 79 | 1500 || 45 | 280 || 45 | 280 || 37 | 200 || 22 | 60 || 7 | 8 || 15 | 40Nymphaeaceae || 8 | 60 || 3 | 20 || 3 | 20 || 2 | 4 || 2 | 20 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 1Ceratophyllaceae || 1 | 3 || 1 | 3 || 1 | 3 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1Trochodendraceae || 2 | 5 || | || | || | || | || | || |Cercidiphyllaceae || 1 | 2 || | || | || | || | || | || |Ranunculaceae || 32 | 1200 || 11 | 140 || 11 | 140 || 11 | 70 || 5 | 30 || 2 | 13 || 4 | 23Lardizabalaceae || 7 | 20 || | || | || | || | || | || |Berberidaceae || 9 | 150 || 3 | 6 || 3 | 6 || 3 | 4 || 1 | 2 || | || |Menispermaceae || 63 | 360 || 27 | 100 || 27 | 100 || 1 | 1 || 20 | 75 || 10 | 25 || 6 | 15Magnoliaceae || 13 | 110 || | || | || | || | || | || |Calycanthaceae || 1 | 5 || | || | || | || | || | || |Lactoridaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || |Anonaceae || 76 | 900 || 27 | 240 || 26 | 230 || | || 25 | 200 || 11 | 30 || 5 | 8Myristicaceae || 16 | 250 || 9 | 25 || 7 | 20 || | || 5 | 15 || 2 | 5 || |Gomortegaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || |Monimiaceae || 30 | 250 || 6 | 30 || 6 | 30 || | || 3 | 6 || 4 | 25 || 1 | 1Lauraceae || 48 | 1100 || 15 | 75 || 12 | 70 || 4 | 5 || 6 | 30 || 7 | 35 || 3 | 10Hernandiaceae || 4 | 25 || 3 | 7 || 3 | 7 || | || 3 | 4 || 2 | 4 || |Papaveraceae || 31 | 400 || 11 | 50 || 9 | 50 || 7 | 40 || 4 | 7 || | || 4 | 10Capparidaceae || 43 | 450 || 20 | 260 || 20 | 260 || 7 | 15 || 19 | 200 || 7 | 35 || 8 | 40Cruciferae || 232 | 1900 || 88 | 420 || 87 | 410 || 75 | 270 || 28 | 85 || 4 | 8 || 21 | 110Tovariaceae || 1 | 4 || | || | || | || | || | || |Resedaceae || 6 | 55 || 6 | 45 || 6 | 45 || 6 | 30 || 5 | 10 || | || 1 | 5Moringaceae || 1 | 6 || 1 | 6 || 1 | 5 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 5 || 1 | 1 || |Sarraceniaceae || 3 | 9 || | || | || | || | || | || |Nepenthaceae || 1 | 60 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || | || | || 1 | 2 || |Droseraceae || 4 | 85 || 3 | 15 || 3 | 15 || 1 | 1 || 2 | 6 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 10Podostemonaceae || 30 | 130 || 9 | 25 || 9 | 25 || | || 8 | 20 || 3 | 6 || 2 | 2Hydrostachyaceae || 1 | 15 || 1 | 15 || 1 | 15 || | || 1 | 4 || 1 | 12 || 1 | 1Crassulaceae || 18 | 550 || 10 | 400 || 10 | 400 || 5 | 110 || 6 | 60 || 5 | 50 || 6 | 200Cephalotaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || |Saxifragaceae || 78 | 650 || 11 | 25 || 10 | 25 || 3 | 10 || 4 | 7 || 6 | 7 || 3 | 4Pittosporaceae || 9 | 110 || 1 | 35 || 1 | 35 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 15 || 1 | 15 || 1 | 2Brunelliaceae || 1 | 10 || | || | || | || | || | || |Cunoniaceae || 21 | 130 || 3 | 17 || 3 | 17 || | || | || 1 | 15 || 2 | 2Myrothamnaceae || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || | || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1Bruniaceae || 12 | 55 || 12 | 55 || 12 | 55 || | || | || | || 12 | 55Hamamelidaceae || 20 | 50 || 3 | 20 || 3 | 20 || | || 1 | 2 || 2 | 15 || 1 | 2Eucommiaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || |Platanaceae || 1 | 6 || 1 | 2 || | || | || | || | || |Crossosomataceae || 1 | 3 || | || | || | || | || | || |Rosaceae || 102 | 1700 || 32 | 230 || 30 | 220 || 18 | 65 || 13 | 85 || 5 | 20 || 12 | 65Connaraceae || 20 | 180 || 12 | 140 || 12 | 140 || | || 12 | 130 || 3 | 8 || 1 | 1Leguminosae || 522 |11500 || 261 | 3300 || 253 | 3300 || 54 | 550 || 182 | 1650 || 82 | 440 || 88 | 1000Pandaceae || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || 1 | 1 || | || |Geraniaceae || 11 | 500 || 6 | 350 || 6 | 350 || 3 | 50 || 6 | 25 || 2 | 2 || 5 | 280Oxalidaceae || 7 | 300 || 3 | 160 || 2 | 160 || 1 | 4 || 2 | 15 || 2 | 25 || 1 | 120Tropaeolaceae || 1 | 50 || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || |Linaceae || 13 | 130 || 7 | 60 || 6 | 60 || 2 | 20 || 6 | 30 || 2 | 8 || 1 | 5Humiriaceae || 3 | 20 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || 1 | 1 || | || |Erythroxylaceae || 2 | 200 || 2 | 40 || 2 | 40 || | || 2 | 5 || 1 | 35 || 1 | 4Zygophyllaceae || 28 | 170 || 12 | 90 || 12 | 90 || 9 | 35 || 6 | 18 || 2 | 3 || 7 | 50Cneoraceae || 1 | 10 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || | || |Rutaceae || 125 | 950 || 33 | 320 || 30 | 310 || 1 | 8 || 17 | 80 || 7 | 35 || 17 | 210Simarubaceae || 32 | 150 || 16 | 40 || 16 | 40 || | || 13 | 35 || 4 | 5 || 1 | 1Burseraceae || 18 | 350 || 7 | 160 || 7 | 160 || | || 6 | 120 || 3 | 20 || 1 | 20Meliaceae || 49 | 800 || 23 | 150 || 23 | 150 || | || 18 | 100 || 8 | 45 || 5 | 15Malpighiaceae || 65 | 700 || 16 | 80 || 16 | 80 || | || 10 | 45 || 10 | 30 || 4 | 13Trigoniceae || 3 | 30 || | || | || | || | || | || |Vochysiaceae || 5 | 100 || | || | || | || | || | || |Tremandraceae || 3 | 25 || | || | || | || | || | || |Polygalaceae || 11 | 700 || 6 | 240 || 6 | 240 || 1 | 10 || 5 | 90 || 1 | 20 || 4 | 140Dichapetalaceae || 3 | 100 || 2 | 75 || 2 | 75 || | || 2 | 65 || 1 | 12 || 1 | 1Euphorbiaceae || 278 | 4500 || 122 | 1200 || 117 | 1150 || 5 | 70 || 95 | 600 || 47 | 360 || 31 | 220Callitrichaceae || 1 | 25 || 1 | 6 || 1 | 6 || 1 | 5 || 1 | 1 || | || 1 | 1Buxaceae || 7 | 30 || 3 | 8 || 3 | 8 || 1 | 1 || 2 | 4 || 1 | 1 || 2 | 2Empetraceae || 3 | 4 || 2 | 2 || 2 | 2 || 1 | 1 || | || | || 1 | 1Coriariaceae || 1 | 8 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || | || |Limnanthaceae || 2 | 5 || | || | || | || | || | || |Anacardiaceae || 69 | 480 || 29 | 250 || 26 | 240 || 2 | 6 || 16 | 130 || 12 | 30 || 9 | 95Cyrillaceae || 3 | 6 || | || | || | || | || | || |Pentaphylacaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || |Corynocarpaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || |Aquifoliaceae || 4 | 280 || 1 | 5 || 1 | 5 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1Celastraceae || 51 | 500 || 15 | 160 || 15 | 160 || 2 | 4 || 5 | 50 || 9 | 35 || 11 | 90Hippocrateaceae || 3 | 200 || 3 | 110 || 3 | 110 || | || 3 | 100 || 2 | 12 || 2 | 5Salvadoraceae || 3 | 9 || 3 | 6 || 3 | 6 || 1 | 1 || 3 | 6 || 1 | 1 || 2 | 2Stackhousiaceae || 2 | 15 || | || | || | || | || | || |Staphyleaceae || 6 | 20 || | || | || | || | || | || |Icacinaceae || 48 | 200 || 19 | 90 || 19 | 90 || | || 15 | 65 || 10 | 20 || 3 | 5Aceraceae || 2 | 110 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 4 || | || | || |Hippocastanaceae || 3 | 15 || | || | || | || | || | || |Sapindaceae || 128 | 1100 || 51 | 200 || 47 | 200 || | || 29 | 120 || 23 | 60 || 8 | 15Sabiaceae || 3 | 70 || | || | || | || | || | || |Melianthaceae || 3 | 30 || 3 | 30 || 30 | || | 1 || 18 | || | 3 || 10 |Balsaminaceae || 2 | 350 || 1 | 100 || 1 | 100 || | || 1 | 85 || 1 | 25 || 1 | 2Rhamnaceae || 52 | 500 || 18 | 140 || 18 | 140 || 3 | 15 || 14 | 25 || 9 | 20 || 8 | 90Vitaceae || 12 | 500 || 5 | 200 || 5 | 200 || 2 | 2 || 4 | 160 || 3 | 30 || 2 | 18Elaeocarpaceae || 8 | 130 || 1 | 15 || 1 | 15 || | || 1 | 1 || 1 | 15 || |Chlaenaceae || 7 | 25 || 7 | 25 || 7 | 25 || | || | || 7 | 25 || |Gonystilaceae || 1 | 7 || | || | || | || | || | || |Tiliaceae || 45 | 350 || 18 | 260 || 18 | 260 || 2 | 4 || 17 | 180 || 8 | 70 || 4 | 20Malvaceae || 50 | 900 || 21 | 300 || 21 | 300 || 7 | 40 || 16 | 140 || 13 | 85 || 13 | 85Bombacaceae || 22 | 140 || 3 | 13 || 3 | 13 || | || 3 | 9 || 1 | 4 || |Sterculiaceae || 57 | 820 || 28 | 470 || 26 | 470 || 1 | 1 || 19 | 190 || 14 | 120 || 6 | 190Scytopetalaceae || 5 | 40 || 5 | 40 || 5 | 40 || | || 5 | 40 || | || |Dilleniaceae || 14 | 320 || 3 | 25 || 3 | 25 || | || 1 | 18 || 3 | 8 || |Eucryphiaceae || 1 | 4 || | || | || | || | || | || |Ochnaceae || 22 | 250 || 7 | 150 || 7 | 150 || | || 6 | 120 || 3 | 35 || 3 | 8Caryocaraceae || 2 | 15 || | || | || | || | || | || |Marcgraviaceae || 5 | 50 || | || | || | || | || | || |Quiinaceae || 2 | 20 || | || | || | || | || | || |Theaceae || 20 | 200 || 6 | 12 || 5 | 10 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 3 | 8 || |Guttiferae || 50 | 850 || 16 | 180 || 16 | 180 || 1 | 25 || 12 | 85 || 11 | 80 || 2 | 6Dipterocarpaceae || 19 | 340 || 2 | 15 || 2 | 15 || | || 1 | 15 || 1 | 1 || |Elatinaceae || 2 | 35 || 2 | 15 || 2 | 15 || 2 | 6 || 1 | 8 || | || 1 | 5Frankeniaceae || 5 | 60 || 2 | 10 || 2 | 10 || 1 | 9 || 2 | 3 || | || 1 | 3Tamaricaceae || 4 | 90 || 3 | 25 || 3 | 25 || 3 | 20 || 1 | 3 || | || 1 | 2Fouquieriaceae || 1 | 4 || | || | || | || | || | || |Cistaceae || 7 | 140 || 5 | 75 || 5 | 75 || 5 | 75 || 1 | 1 || | || |Bixaceae || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || |Cochlospermaceae || 3 | 20 || 2 | 7 || 2 | 7 || | || 1 | 5 || 1 | 2 || |Koeberliniaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || |Winteranaceae || 4 | 8 || 2 | 4 || 2 | 4 || | || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || |Violaceae || 17 | 450 || 4 | 100 || 4 | 100 || 1 | 15 || 4 | 55 || 3 | 30 || 3 | 8Flacourtiaceae || 84 | 650 || 46 | 250 || 46 | 250 || | || 39 | 150 || 18 | 95 || 11 | 25Stachyuraceae || 1 | 2 || | || | || | || | || | || |Turneraceae || 7 | 100 || 7 | 20 || 7 | 20 || | || 3 | 12 || 5 | 6 || 2 | 2Malesherbiaceae || 1 | 25 || | || | || | || | || | || |Passifloraceae || 13 | 380 || 8 | 75 || 8 | 70 || | || 6 | 45 || 3 | 15 || 3 | 12Achariaceae || 3 | 3 || 3 | 3 || 3 | 3 || | || | || | || 3 | 3Caricaceae || 3 | 30 || 2 | 3 || 1 | 2 || | || 1 | 2 || | || |Loasaceae || 13 | 230 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || 1 | 1Datiscaceae || 3 | 5 || | || | || | || | || | || |Begoniaceae || 5 | 450 || 1 | 110 || 1 | 110 || | || 1 | 90 || 1 | 20 || 1 | 7Ancistrocladaceae || 1 | 10 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || | || 1 | 2 || | || |Cactaceae || 23 | 1500 || 5 | 13 || 1 | 7 || | || 1 | 3 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 1Geissolomataceae || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || | || | || | || 1 | 2Penaeaceae || 5 | 35 || 5 | 35 || 5 | 35 || | || | || | || 5 | 35Oliniaceae || 1 | 7 || 1 | 7 || 1 | 7 || | || 1 | 3 || | || 1 | 4Thymelaeaceae || 41 | 450 || 17 | 250 || 16 | 250 || 2 | 15 || 8 | 95 || 4 | 17 || 10 | 130Elaeagnaceae || 3 | 30 || 1 | 2 || | || | || | || | || |Lythraceae || 25 | 500 || 12 | 90 || 11 | 90 || 4 | 15 || 7 | 65 || 7 | 17 || 6 | 25Sonneratiaceae || 4 | 15 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || |Punicaceae || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 1 || | || 1 | 1 || | || |Lecythidaceae || 19 | 250 || 4 | 15 || 4 | 15 || | || 3 | 8 || 2 | 9 || 1 | 1Rhizophoraceae || 18 | 60 || 10 | 45 || 10 | 45 || | || 8 | 30 || 8 | 20 || 4 | 5Nyssaceae || 3 | 8 || | || | || | || | || | || |Alangiaceae || 1 | 20 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || | || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || |Combretaceae || 17 | 450 || 12 | 330 || 12 | 330 || | || 10 | 280 || 6 | 40 || 4 | 25Myrtaceae || 76 | 2900 || 10 | 85 || 7 | 75 || 1 | 1 || 3 | 35 || 4 | 35 || 4 | 10Melastomataceae || 169 | 2800 || 33 | 280 || 33 | 280 || | || 24 | 160 || 14 | 110 || 3 | 9Oenotheraceae || 39 | 500 || 10 | 40 || 6 | 35 || 6 | 12 || 4 | 20 || 3 | 12 || 4 | 12Halorrhagaceae || 7 | 150 || 3 | 15 || 3 | 15 || 2 | 4 || 3 | 5 || 3 | 7 || 3 | 3Hippuridaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || |Cynomoriaceae || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || | || |Araliaceae || 55 | 660 || 8 | 75 || 8 | 75 || 1 | 1 || 3 | 25 || 7 | 45 || 1 | 10Umbelliferae || 270 | 2500 || 92 | 410 || 92 | 410 || 71 | 210 || 29 | 80 || 8 | 20 || 30 | 120Cornaceae || 10 | 100 || 4 | 6 || 4 | 6 || | || 1 | 1 || 2 | 4 || 1 | 1--------------------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------Archichlamydeae || 4512 |67500 || 1703 |16700 || 1632 |16600 || 454 | 2300 || 1054 | 7800 || 577 | 2950 || 573 | 5000--------------------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------Clethraceae || 1 | 30 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || | || |Pirolaceae || 10 | 30 || | || | || | || | || | || |Lennoaceae || 3 | 5 || | || | || | || | || | || |Ericaceae || 77 | 1550 || 17 | 720 || 17 | 720 || 5 | 12 || 7 | 40 || 6 | 45 || 12 | 630Epacridaceae || 23 | 340 || | || | || | || | || | || |Diapensiaceae || 6 | 9 || | || | || | || | || | || |Theophrastaceae || 4 | 70 || | || | || | || | || | || |Myrsinaceae || 32 | 1000 || 10 | 130 || 10 | 130 || 3 | 3 || 5 | 35 || 7 | 95 || 4 | 8Primulaceae || 22 | 560 || 11 | 45 || 10 | 45 || 9 | 20 || 7 | 20 || 2 | 6 || 3 | 8Plumbaginaceae || 10 | 280 || 7 | 90 || 7 | 90 || 5 | 60 || 4 | 18 || 1 | 3 || 3 | 15Sapotaceae || 51 | 650 || 19 | 150 || 16 | 140 || 2 | 2 || 12 | 110 || 5 | 30 || 3 | 15Hoplestigmataceae || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || | || 1 | 2 || | || |Ebenaceae || 7 | 350 || 6 | 150 || 6 | 150 || | || 5 | 80 || 3 | 35 || 4 | 35Symplocaceae || 1 | 300 || | || | || | || | || | || |Styracaceae || 7 | 110 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || 1 | 1 || | || |
Abortive(abortivus). Imperfectly developed.Accrescent(accrescens). Increasing in size with age.Accumbent(accumbens). Placed along the edge, especially of the cotyledons.Achene(achaenium). A dry and indehiscent fruit, especially one with a thin pericarp.Acuminate(acuminatus). Narrowed at the top and drawn out into a point.Acute(acutus). Sharply pointed, but not drawn out.Adelphous(adelphus). United in bundles, e.g., diadelphous = united in two bundles.Adherent(adhaerens). Slightly united to an organ of another kind, usually to a part of another whorl.Adnate(adnatus). Closely united with an organ of another kind, usually with a part of another whorl. Adnate anthers have their halves attached through their whole length to the filament.Aërial(aëreus). Growing above the surface of the earth or water.Aestivation(aestivatio). Praefloration, i.e., the arrangement of the perianth-leaves in the bud.Albumen(albumen). The nutritive tissue (endosperm or perisperm) in which the embryo is more or less immersed.Alternate(alternus). Placed between two parts; or inserted one on each node.Androgynous(androgynus). Containing both male and female flowers.Androphore(androphorum). An elongation of the receptacle below the stamens.Annual(annuus). Terminating its whole cycle of life within one year.Annular(annularis). Ring-shaped.Anterior(anticus). Placed in front; or turned away from the axis upon which the organ is inserted.Anther(anthera). The thickened upper part of the stamen, which encloses the pollen. It usually consists of two halves (cells) containing two pollen-sacs each and opening by a common slit or pore.Appressed(appressus). Pressed close.Areole(areola). A space marked out on a surface.Aril(arillus). An expansion of the funicle or the adjoining part of the testa, more or less enveloping the seed.Ascending(ascendens). Directed upwards. An ascending stem is more or less prostrate at the base, then erect; an ascending ovule is attached somewhat above the base.Asymmetrical(asymmetricus). Which cannot be divided into two or more similar parts.Auricle(auriculus). An earlet, i.e., a small roundish lateral appendage of a leaf or leaf-like organ.Awn(arista). A strong bristle-like appendage.Axil(axilla). The upper angle between a leaf and the stem from which it springs.Axile(axilis). Placed in the axis.Axillary(axillaris). Placed in the axil of a leaf.Axis(axis). The line round which an organ is developed; or the part of the plant on which other parts are attached, especially the stem.Baccate(baccatus). Berry-like.Barbed(glochidiatus). Beset with hairs or spines directed backwards.Basifixed(basifixus). Attached by the bottom.Berry(bacca). A succulent indehiscent fruit with a thin and soft (membranous, parchment-like, or cartilaginous) endocarp.Biennial(biennis). Fruiting the second year and then perishing.Blade(lamina). The upper expanded part of a leaf or leaf-like organ.Bract(bractea). A modified leaf, usually reduced in size, intermediate between the foliage leaves and the flowers, especially those in the axil of which a flower or branch of inflorescence arises.Bracteole(bracteola). A bract arising immediately below a flower or on the pedicel.Bulb(bulbus). A usually underground part of the stem of certain plants, which is surrounded by numerous fleshy scales.Caducous(caducus). Falling off very early.Calyx(calyx). The outer floral envelope, usually smaller and firmer than the inner and of green colour.Campanulate(campanulatus). Bell-shaped.Capitate(capitatus). Head-like.Capsule(capsula). A dry dehiscent fruit, especially if formed of several carpels.Carpel(carpellum). A modified leaf bearing the female reproductive organs (ovules).Caruncle(caruncula). An outgrowth near the hilum of certain seeds.Catkin(amentum). A deciduous spike with a thin rachis and inconspicuous unisexual flowers.Cauline(caulinus). Arising along the stem.Cell(cellula). One of the sack-like bodies of which the tissue of the plants is composed.Cell(loculus). One of the cavities into which the ovary, the fruit, and the anthers are usually divided. The number of anther-cells refers to the time after their dehiscence, 2-celled anthers being 4-celled when young.Centrifugal(centrifugus). Developing from the centre outwards or from the apex towards the base.Centripetal(centripetus). Developing from without towards the centre or from the base towards the apex.Circinnate(circinnatus). Coiled from the apex downwards.Circumsciss(circumscissus). Split circularly around.Claw(unguis). The narrow base of perianth-leaves, especially petals.Cleft(fissus,-fidus). Divided half-way down.Coherent(cohaerens). Slightly united to an organ of the same kind.Collateral(collateralis). Placed side by side.Compound Leaf(folium compositum). A leaf formed of leaflets jointed with the rachis and usually falling off separately.Conduplicate(conduplicatus). Doubled along the midrib.Cone(conus). A spike-like inflorescence flower or fruit with large bracts or scales usually becoming woody at maturity.Confluent(confluens). Blended into one.Connate(connatus). United with an organ of the same kind by confluence of the margins or by elongation of the common base.Connective(connectivum). The part of the stamen which connects the anther-halves.Connivent(connivens). Converging.Contorted(contortus). Imbricate in bud, all segments overlapping on the same side (to the right or the left from the spectator).Convolute(convolutus). Rolled up from one margin.Cordate(cordatus). Heart-shaped, i.e., with two rounded basal lobes.Corm(cormus). The thickened base of certain stems, enveloped by some large scales and usually underground.Corolla(corolla). The inner floral envelope, usually larger than the outer, of soft texture, and bright coloured.Corona(corona). A crown formed by scale-or thread-like appendages of the perianth or the stamens.Corymb(corymbus). A more or less flat-topped, raceme-like or compound inflorescence.Cottony(tomentosus). Covered with short matted hairs.Cotyledon(cotyledo). Seed-leaf, i.e., one of the first leaves of the embryo, which differ from the following.Crenate(crenatus). With rounded teeth at the margin.Crustaceous(crustaceus). Crusty, i.e., thin and brittle.Cyme(cyma). An inflorescence of the centrifugal (cymose) type, especially when loose and equally-branched.Cymose(cymosus). Consisting of a main axis, which ends in a flower, and several stronger lateral axes.Cystolith(cystolithus). Cell-stone, i.e., a hard outgrowth of the cell-wall, appearing as a point or short line on the surface of the leaves of certain plants.Deciduous(deciduus). Falling off after flowering or at the end of the season.Decumbent(decumbens). Reclining.Decurrent(decurrens). Prolonged below the insertion.Dehiscent(dehiscens). Opening spontaneously when ripe to discharge the contents (seeds or pollen).Dentate(dentatus). Toothed, i.e., provided with small incisions and projections on the margin.Descending(descendens). Tending downwards; or attached somewhat below the apex.Dichotomous(dichotomus). Repeatedly divided in pairs, each branch dividing into two subequal branches.Didymous(didymus). Bi-globose, i.e., divided into two roundish lobes.Didynamous(didynamus). In two pairs of unequal length.Digitate(digitatus). Palmately compound.Dioecious(dioicus). Unisexual and the male and female flowers on different plants.Disc(discus). A usually ring-, cushion-, or cup-shaped expansion of the receptacle.Dissected(dissectus). Divided to the base, but not jointed with the rachis.Dissepiment(septum). A partition of the interior of the ovary, usually formed by the margins of the carpels. A partition not having that origin is called a false or spurious dissepiment.Divaricate(divaricatus). Diverging at an angle approaching 180°.Dorsal(dorsalis). Situated on the back, especially on the midrib of a folded leaf or leaf-like organ; or turned away from the axis to which the organ in question is attached.Dorsifixed(dorsifixus). Attached by the back.Drupe(drupa). Stone-fruit, i.e., a fruit with a hard (bony, woody, or crusty) endocarp called the stone, a succulent, more or less fleshy mesocarp, and a thin (membranous or leathery) epicarp.Elliptical(ellipticus). About twice as long as broad and narrowed towards both ends.Emarginate(emarginatus). With a small, usually apical notch.Embryo(embryo). The rudimentary plant formed in the seed.Endocarp(endocarpium). The innermost layer of the pericarp.Entire(integerrimus). Without toothing or division.Epicalyx(epicalyx). A whorl of bracts closely surrounding a flower and resembling an outer calyx.Epicarp(epicarpium). The outermost layer of the pericarp.Epigynous(epigynus). Inserted at the upper edge of a concave receptacle which is united with the ovary.Epiphyte(epiphyticus). Growing upon other plants without deriving nourishment from them.Ex-(ex-). Without. Exalbuminous = without albumen. Exstipulate = without stipules.Exocarp(exocarpium). The outermost layer of the pericarp.Exserted(exsertus). Projecting beyond the tube of the perianth or corolla.Extrorse(extrorsus). Turned outwards.Falcate(falcatus). Sickle-shaped.Fascicle(fasciculus). A cluster, especially a short and dense cymose inflorescence of distinctly stalked or conspicuous flowers.Female Flower(flos foemineus). A flower containing fertile (ovule-bearing) carpels, but no fertile (pollen-producing) stamens.Fertile(fertilis). Capable of producing progeny, especially bearing pollen or ovules which develop into seeds.Filament(filamentum). The lower narrow part (the stalk) of the stamen.Filiform(filiformis). Thread-shaped, i.e., cylindrical and very slender.Flexuous(flexuosus). Bent alternately in opposite directions.Foliaceous(foliaceus). Leaf-like, i.e., having the shape and texture of a foliage-leaf.Foliole(foliolum). Leaflet, i.e., one of the leaf-like parts of a compound leaf, which are jointed to the rachis.Follicle(folliculus). A one-celled fruit opening lengthwise (at the ventral suture).Forked(furcatus). Divided into two subequal branches.Free(liber). Not united, not even at the base.Funicle(funiculus). The stalk of the ovule.Gamo-(gamo-). With the parts more or less united, e.g., gamopetalous = with the petals united below into a ring, cup, or tube.Glabrous(glaber). Without hairs.Gland(glans). A thick, usually roundish outgrowth, generally secreting a liquid.Glandular(glandulosus). Bearing a gland or glands.Glomerule(glomerulis). A short and dense cymose inflorescence of subsessile inconspicuous flowers.Glume(gluma). A chaffy bract, especially in the inflorescence of grasses.Gynophore(gynophorum). An elongation of the receptacle below the carpels.Hastate(hastatus). Halbard-shaped, i.e., with two acute basal lobes turned outwards.Head(capitulum). A centripetal inflorescence with a short and usually thick axis and sessile or nearly sessile flowers.Hermaphrodite(hermaphroditus). Bisexual, i.e., containing both kinds of sexual organs (stamens and carpels) in complete development.Hilum(hilus). The point where the ovule or the seed is attached to the funicle or the placenta.Hirsute(hirsutus). Densely covered with erect, rather short and stiff hairs.Hispid(hispidus). Beset with long stiff hairs.Hyaline(hyalinus). Membranous and translucid.Hypogynous(hypogynus). Inserted at the base of the ovary or below it, upon a small and flat or an elevated receptacle.Imbricate(imbricatus). Overlapping at the edges, as the tiles of a roof, especially in the bud.Imparipinnate(imparipinnatus). Unequally pinnate, i.e., pinnate with a terminal leaflet.Included(inclusus). Concealed within the tube of the perianth or corolla.Incumbent(incumbens). Placed upon the back, especially of the cotyledons.Indehiscent(indehiscens). Remaining closed at maturity.Induplicate(induplicatus). Doubled along the midrib, with the margins turned inwards.Inferior Ovary(ovarium inferum). An ovary adnate to a concave receptacle or to the tube of the perianth or calyx.Inflorescence(inflorescentia). The flowering part of a branch and the arrangement of the flowers upon it. The flower-clusters constituting together a compound inflorescence are termed partial inflorescences.Introrse(introrsus). Turned inwards.Inverted Ovule(ovulum anatropum). An ovule with the micropyle next to the hilum.Involucel(involucellum). The involucre of a partial inflorescence.Involucre(involucrum). A group of bracts surrounding an inflorescence.Involute(involutus). Rolled inward from the margins towards the midrib.Irregular Flower(flos irregularis). A flower with unequally shaped or disposed perianth-leaves.Jointed(articulatus). Divided into portions which subsequently separate; or separating at the point of attachment.Laciniate(laciniatus). Lacerated, i.e., slit into narrow and irregular segments.Lanceolate(lanceolatus). About 3-6 times as long as broad and ending in an angle or point.Legume(legumen). A one-celled fruit opening by two valves.Ligulate(ligulatus). Strap-shaped, i.e., produced on one side into a long and narrow limb.Ligule(ligula). A strap-shaped body, especially the scale-like appendage on the inner side of certain leaves, usually between the sheath and the blade.Limb(limbus). The upper, more or less expanded part of a perianth.Linear(linearis). Very narrow (many times as long as broad) with almost parallel edges.Lip(labium). A part of a perianth formed of several united segments or of one large segment which is separated from the rest.Lobe(lobus). Division of a leaf or a perianth, especially when short.Lobed(lobatus). Shortly divided, the incisions not reaching to the middle.Loculicidal(loculicidus). Opening along the median line of the outer wall of the ovary-or fruit-cells (along the dorsal suture of the carpels).Lyrate(lyratus). Lyre-shaped, i.e., pinnately divided with a large and rounded terminal lobe and small lateral ones.Male Flower(flos masculus). A flower containing fertile (pollen-producing) stamens, but no fertile carpels.Median(medianus). Placed in the middle-line of a bilateral organ.Mericarp(mericarpium). Partial fruit, i.e., one of the parts into which a schizocarp separates.Merous(merus). With the parts of the flower consisting of a certain number of divisions or leaves, e.g., dimerous = with the parts in twos.Mesocarp(mesocarpium). The intermediate layer of the pericarp.Micropyle(micropyle). The aperture in the coats of the ovule.Monoecious(monoicus). Unisexual and the flowers of both sexes on the same plant.Mucronate(mucronatus). Ending in a short bristle-like point (mucro).Muticous(muticus). Without awns or spines.Naked(nudus). Not enveloped by a perianth or by carpels.Nerve(nervus). A vascular bundle in a leaf or leaf-like organ, usually appearing as a dark or translucent line or a ridge projecting on the under surface.Net-veined(reticulatim venosus). With the lateral nerves irregularly connected by a network of small veins.Neuter(neuter). Without perfect sexual organs.Node(nodus). The usually knot-like part of the stem, where a leaf or a whorl of leaves are inserted.Nut(nux). A dry and indehiscent fruit, especially one with a thick and hard rind.Ob-(ob-). Reversedly. Thus obcordate or obovate = cordate or ovate, the upper part the broader.Oblong(oblongus). About 3-6 times as long as broad and rounded at the top.Obtuse(obtusus). Blunt, i.e., narrowed, but not pointed at the apex.Open Aestivation(aestivatio aperta). A form of aestivation in which the margins of the perianth-leaves do not touch one another.Opposite(oppositus). Set against in pairs at the same level; or placed one before another.Oval(ovalis). About twice as long as broad and rounded at the top.Ovary(ovarium). The lower part of the pistil, which encloses the ovules.Ovate(ovatus). Shaped like the longitudinal section of an egg, i.e., oval and narrowed towards the top.Ovoid(ovoideus). Egg-shaped.Ovule(ovulum). The grain-like body which contains the female reproductive cells and developes into the seed after fertilization.Palmate(palmatus). With the divisions or branches springing from one point.Panicle(panicula). A repeatedly branched inflorescence of more or less pyramidal or ovoid form.Papilla(papilla). A soft superficial protuberance.Parallelnerved(parallelinervius). With the principal nerves nearly parallel and connected almost at right angles by equally subparallel side-nerves.Parasite(planta parasitica). A plant growing upon an other plant and feeding from it.Parietal(parietalis). Attached to the wall of the ovary, usually at the sutures of the carpels.Paripinnate(paripinnatus). Equally or abruptly pinnate, i.e., pinnate without a terminal leaflet.Parted(partitus). Divided nearly to the base.Pedate(pedatus). With the larger branches or divisions springing from the lowest lateral ones.Pedicel(pedicellus). The stalk of a flower.Peduncle(pedunculus). The stalk of an inflorescence.Peltate(peltalus). Shield-shaped, i.e., roundish and attached by the middle of the under surface.Penicillate(penicillatus). Shaped like a tuft of hairs or a painter’s brush.Penninerved(penninervius). With pinnate nervation.Perennial(perennis). Not perishing after maturity, the underground part of the stem at least remaining alive.Perianth(perianthium). Floral envelope, i.e., the aggregate of the modified leaves surrounding the stamens and carpels and forming part of the flower.Pericarp(pericarpium). The wall of the fruit enclosing the seeds.Perigynous(perigynus). Inserted upon the margin of a more or less concave receptacle which is free from the ovary, at some distance from and usually higher than the ovary.Persistent(persistens). Remaining on the plant at the time of maturity.Petal(petalum). One of the inner perianth-leaves, usually differing from the outer in the larger size, the softer texture, and the bright colour.Petaloid(petaloideus). Petal-or corolla-like.Petiole(petiolus). The foot-stalk of a leaf.Phyllode(phyllodium). A broadened, leaf-like branch.Pinna(pinna). One of the lateral branches or divisions of a pinnate organ.Pinnate(pinnatus). With the divisions, leaflets, or branches arranged along each side of the midrib or rachis. Unequally pinnate leaves have a terminal leaflet, equally (abruptly) pinnate ones have none.Pistil(pistillum). The aggregate of the carpels of a flower.Placenta(placenta). The part of the ovary or fruit which bears the ovules or seeds.Plicate(plicatus). Folded along the ribs.Plumule(plumula). The upper part of the embryo (above the cotyledons).Pollen(pollen). The fertilizing cells produced in the anthers.Polygamous(polygamus). Partly hermaphrodite and partly unisexual.Posterior(posticus). Directed towards the axis upon which the organ in question is inserted.Praefloration(praeflovatio). The arrangement of the perianth-leaves in the bud.Praefoliation(praefoliatio). The mode in which a foliage-leaf is disposed before its expansion.Procumbent(procumbens). Spreading along the ground.Quincuncial(quincuncialis). Imbricate in bud, so that one perianth-leaf is overlapped on one side only, the others on either or neither side.Raceme(racemus). A centripetal (racemose) inflorescence with an elongated axis and distinctly stalked flowers.Racemose(racemosus,botryosus). Consisting of a main axis not ending in a number of weaker lateral axes.Rachis(rhachis). The main axis of an inflorescence or of a compound leaf.Radiating(radians). Spreading all round; or bearing larger flowers or larger perianth-leaves at the circumference than in the centre.Radical(radicalis). Arising from the base of the stem, apparently from the root.Radicle(radicula). The lower part of the embryo (below the cotyledons).Raphe(raphe). A cord of tissue forming a prolongation of the funicle along the coats of the ovule.Receptacle(receptaculum). The extremity of the flower-stalk bearing the floral envelopes and the sexual organs; or the enlarged end of a branch upon which the flowers are seated.Reduplicate(reduplicatus). Doubled along the midrib with the margins turned outwards.Reflexed(reflexus). Bent back.Regular(regularis). With all parts of the same kind, especially all perianth leaves, equal in shape and arrangement.Reniform(reniformis). Kidney-shaped.Revolute(revolutus). Rolled backwards from the margins.Rib(costa). A strong, more or less projecting nerve.Root-stock(rhizoma). The root-like, underground or prostrate lowest part of the stem of certain plants.Rotate(rotatus). Wheel-shaped, i.e., with a very short tube and a spreading limb.Rudimentary(rudimentarius). Very imperfectly developed.Ruminate(ruminatus). Marked with irregular fissures.Runcinate(runcinatus). Pinnately cleft with pointed recurved lobes.Saccate(saccatus). Provided with a pouch-shaped appendage.Sagittate(sagittatus). Arrow-shaped, i.e., with two acute basal lobes directed downwards.Salver-shaped(hypocraterimorphus). With a long and narrow tube and a spreading limb.Saprophyte(saprophytum). A plant living upon decaying organic matter.Scale(squama). A reduced leaf usually destitute of green colour, or a similar outgrowth of the skin of a plant.Scape(scapus). A leafless stalk of an inflorescence rising from the ground.Scarious(scariosus). Dry and membranous.Schizocarp(schizocarpium,fructus in coccos secedens). A fruit separating into several usually nut-like mericarps.Scorpioid(scorpioideus). One-sided and coiled at the top.Segment(segmentum). A division of a deeply divided leaf, or a division of the perianth, especially when the latter is deeply divided.Sepal(sepalum). An outer perianth-leaf, usually small, green, and of a firm texture.Sepaloid(sepaloideus). Sepal-or calyx-like.Septate(septatus). Chambered, i.e., divided into cells by dissepiments.Septicidal(septicidus). Opening at the dissepiments or placentas.Septifragal(septifragus). Opening so that the valves of the fruit break away from the dissepiments.Serrate(serratus). Cut at the margin into sharp teeth direct towards the apex.Sessile(sessilis). Without a stalk.Sheath(vagina). The dilated base of certain leaves.Simple(simplex). Without branches; or without segments jointed to the rachis.Smooth(laevis). With an even surface (without protuberances).Spadix(spadix). A spike with a thick axis and inconspicuous flowers, usually enveloped by a spathe.Spathe(spatha). A large bract more or less enveloping a flower or inflorescence.Spatulate(spathulatus). More or less rounded above and tapering towards the base.Spike(spica). A centripetal (racemose) inflorescence with an elongated axis and sessile or nearly sessile flowers.Spikelet(spicula). A spike-like partial inflorescence.Stamen(stamen). A modified leaf bearing the male reproductive cells (the pollen).Staminode(staminodium). A barren stamen (without anthers or with incompletely developed anthers).Sterile(sterilis). Barren, i.e., without well developed ovules or pollen.Stigma(stigma). The uppermost, papillose part of the pistil, which receives the pollen.Stipel(stipella). A stipule at the base of a leaflet of a compound leaf.Stipule(stipula). A leaf-or scale-like appendage of the leaf-base.Striate(striatus). Marked with longitudinal lines.Strophiole(strophiolus). Caruncle, i.e., an outgrowth near the hilum of certain seeds.Style(stylus). The narrowed part of the pistil, intermediate between the ovary and the stigma.Sub-(sub-). Under; or almost, somewhat; e.g., subsessile = almost sessile.Subtend(subtendere). Extend under; especially: bear in its axil.Subulate(subulatus). Awl-shaped, i.e., very narrow and pointed.Suffruticose(suffruticosus). Woody at the base, herbaceous above.Superior Ovary(ovarium superum). An ovary free from the receptacle and the perianth.Suture(sutura). Line of union, especially of the margins of carpels.Symmetrical(symmetricus). Divisible by one or several planes into two or more similar parts.Sympetalous(sympetalus,gamopetalus). With the petals more or less united.Terete(teres). Cylindrical and circular in transverse section.Ternate(ternatus). In threes; especially with 3 leaflets or divisions.Testa(testa). The outer coat of the seed.Throat(faux). The mouth of the perianth-tube.Tomentose(tomentosus). Cottony, i.e., covered with short, soft, matted hairs.Toothed(dentatus). Provided with short marginal incisions, especially when they are sharp and turned outwards.Triquetrous(triqueter). Three-edged (with 3 salient angles).Truncate(truncatus). Terminating abruptly as though cut off at the end.Tube(tubus). A hollow, more or less elongated body, especially the lower undivided and more or less narrowed part of the perianth, or a concave receptacle bearing the perianth at the margin.Tuber(tuber). A short and thick, more or less fleshy underground part of a stem, not surrounded by scales, or a similar root.Tubercle(tuberculum). A wart-like swelling on the surface of an organ.Umbel(umbella). A centripetal (racemose) inflorescence with a very short axis and stalked flowers arising apparently all from the same point.Umbonate(umbonatus). Bearing a boss in the centre of the surface.Unarmed(inermis). Without spines or bristles.Undershrub(suffrutex). A plant woody in the lower part of the above-ground stem, herbaceous towards the top.Unifoliolate(unfoliolatus). With a single leaflet, which is jointed to the leaf-stalk.Unisexual(unisexualis). Having only the organs of one sex completely developed; or containing the flowers of one sex only.Urceolate(urceolatus). Urn-or pitcher-shaped, i.e., with an inflated tube contracted at the mouth.Utricle(utriculus). A bladder-shaped indehiscent or irregularly bursting fruit.Valvate(valvatus). With the margins meeting in the bud without overlapping.Vascular Bundles(fasciae vasculares). Fibre-like bundles of vessels (confluent cells).Vein(vena). A faint nerve.Ventral(ventralis). Placed at or directed towards the inner side of the carpel.Ventricose(ventricosus). Swelling on one side.Vernation(vernatio). Praefoliation, i.e., the disposition of a leaf in the bud.Versatile(versatilis). Attached by a point and turning freely on its support.Winged(alatus). With a much projecting, thin and flat appendage.Whorl(verticillus). A group of similar organs arranged in a circle round an axis.Whorled(verticillatus). Arranged in whorls of 3 or more parts.
Abortive(abortivus). Imperfectly developed.
Accrescent(accrescens). Increasing in size with age.
Accumbent(accumbens). Placed along the edge, especially of the cotyledons.
Achene(achaenium). A dry and indehiscent fruit, especially one with a thin pericarp.
Acuminate(acuminatus). Narrowed at the top and drawn out into a point.
Acute(acutus). Sharply pointed, but not drawn out.
Adelphous(adelphus). United in bundles, e.g., diadelphous = united in two bundles.
Adherent(adhaerens). Slightly united to an organ of another kind, usually to a part of another whorl.
Adnate(adnatus). Closely united with an organ of another kind, usually with a part of another whorl. Adnate anthers have their halves attached through their whole length to the filament.
Aërial(aëreus). Growing above the surface of the earth or water.
Aestivation(aestivatio). Praefloration, i.e., the arrangement of the perianth-leaves in the bud.
Albumen(albumen). The nutritive tissue (endosperm or perisperm) in which the embryo is more or less immersed.
Alternate(alternus). Placed between two parts; or inserted one on each node.
Androgynous(androgynus). Containing both male and female flowers.
Androphore(androphorum). An elongation of the receptacle below the stamens.
Annual(annuus). Terminating its whole cycle of life within one year.
Annular(annularis). Ring-shaped.
Anterior(anticus). Placed in front; or turned away from the axis upon which the organ is inserted.
Anther(anthera). The thickened upper part of the stamen, which encloses the pollen. It usually consists of two halves (cells) containing two pollen-sacs each and opening by a common slit or pore.
Appressed(appressus). Pressed close.
Areole(areola). A space marked out on a surface.
Aril(arillus). An expansion of the funicle or the adjoining part of the testa, more or less enveloping the seed.
Ascending(ascendens). Directed upwards. An ascending stem is more or less prostrate at the base, then erect; an ascending ovule is attached somewhat above the base.
Asymmetrical(asymmetricus). Which cannot be divided into two or more similar parts.
Auricle(auriculus). An earlet, i.e., a small roundish lateral appendage of a leaf or leaf-like organ.
Awn(arista). A strong bristle-like appendage.
Axil(axilla). The upper angle between a leaf and the stem from which it springs.
Axile(axilis). Placed in the axis.
Axillary(axillaris). Placed in the axil of a leaf.
Axis(axis). The line round which an organ is developed; or the part of the plant on which other parts are attached, especially the stem.
Baccate(baccatus). Berry-like.
Barbed(glochidiatus). Beset with hairs or spines directed backwards.
Basifixed(basifixus). Attached by the bottom.
Berry(bacca). A succulent indehiscent fruit with a thin and soft (membranous, parchment-like, or cartilaginous) endocarp.
Biennial(biennis). Fruiting the second year and then perishing.
Blade(lamina). The upper expanded part of a leaf or leaf-like organ.
Bract(bractea). A modified leaf, usually reduced in size, intermediate between the foliage leaves and the flowers, especially those in the axil of which a flower or branch of inflorescence arises.
Bracteole(bracteola). A bract arising immediately below a flower or on the pedicel.
Bulb(bulbus). A usually underground part of the stem of certain plants, which is surrounded by numerous fleshy scales.
Caducous(caducus). Falling off very early.
Calyx(calyx). The outer floral envelope, usually smaller and firmer than the inner and of green colour.
Campanulate(campanulatus). Bell-shaped.
Capitate(capitatus). Head-like.
Capsule(capsula). A dry dehiscent fruit, especially if formed of several carpels.
Carpel(carpellum). A modified leaf bearing the female reproductive organs (ovules).
Caruncle(caruncula). An outgrowth near the hilum of certain seeds.
Catkin(amentum). A deciduous spike with a thin rachis and inconspicuous unisexual flowers.
Cauline(caulinus). Arising along the stem.
Cell(cellula). One of the sack-like bodies of which the tissue of the plants is composed.
Cell(loculus). One of the cavities into which the ovary, the fruit, and the anthers are usually divided. The number of anther-cells refers to the time after their dehiscence, 2-celled anthers being 4-celled when young.
Centrifugal(centrifugus). Developing from the centre outwards or from the apex towards the base.
Centripetal(centripetus). Developing from without towards the centre or from the base towards the apex.
Circinnate(circinnatus). Coiled from the apex downwards.
Circumsciss(circumscissus). Split circularly around.
Claw(unguis). The narrow base of perianth-leaves, especially petals.
Cleft(fissus,-fidus). Divided half-way down.
Coherent(cohaerens). Slightly united to an organ of the same kind.
Collateral(collateralis). Placed side by side.
Compound Leaf(folium compositum). A leaf formed of leaflets jointed with the rachis and usually falling off separately.
Conduplicate(conduplicatus). Doubled along the midrib.
Cone(conus). A spike-like inflorescence flower or fruit with large bracts or scales usually becoming woody at maturity.
Confluent(confluens). Blended into one.
Connate(connatus). United with an organ of the same kind by confluence of the margins or by elongation of the common base.
Connective(connectivum). The part of the stamen which connects the anther-halves.
Connivent(connivens). Converging.
Contorted(contortus). Imbricate in bud, all segments overlapping on the same side (to the right or the left from the spectator).
Convolute(convolutus). Rolled up from one margin.
Cordate(cordatus). Heart-shaped, i.e., with two rounded basal lobes.
Corm(cormus). The thickened base of certain stems, enveloped by some large scales and usually underground.
Corolla(corolla). The inner floral envelope, usually larger than the outer, of soft texture, and bright coloured.
Corona(corona). A crown formed by scale-or thread-like appendages of the perianth or the stamens.
Corymb(corymbus). A more or less flat-topped, raceme-like or compound inflorescence.
Cottony(tomentosus). Covered with short matted hairs.
Cotyledon(cotyledo). Seed-leaf, i.e., one of the first leaves of the embryo, which differ from the following.
Crenate(crenatus). With rounded teeth at the margin.
Crustaceous(crustaceus). Crusty, i.e., thin and brittle.
Cyme(cyma). An inflorescence of the centrifugal (cymose) type, especially when loose and equally-branched.
Cymose(cymosus). Consisting of a main axis, which ends in a flower, and several stronger lateral axes.
Cystolith(cystolithus). Cell-stone, i.e., a hard outgrowth of the cell-wall, appearing as a point or short line on the surface of the leaves of certain plants.
Deciduous(deciduus). Falling off after flowering or at the end of the season.
Decumbent(decumbens). Reclining.
Decurrent(decurrens). Prolonged below the insertion.
Dehiscent(dehiscens). Opening spontaneously when ripe to discharge the contents (seeds or pollen).
Dentate(dentatus). Toothed, i.e., provided with small incisions and projections on the margin.
Descending(descendens). Tending downwards; or attached somewhat below the apex.
Dichotomous(dichotomus). Repeatedly divided in pairs, each branch dividing into two subequal branches.
Didymous(didymus). Bi-globose, i.e., divided into two roundish lobes.
Didynamous(didynamus). In two pairs of unequal length.
Digitate(digitatus). Palmately compound.
Dioecious(dioicus). Unisexual and the male and female flowers on different plants.
Disc(discus). A usually ring-, cushion-, or cup-shaped expansion of the receptacle.
Dissected(dissectus). Divided to the base, but not jointed with the rachis.
Dissepiment(septum). A partition of the interior of the ovary, usually formed by the margins of the carpels. A partition not having that origin is called a false or spurious dissepiment.
Divaricate(divaricatus). Diverging at an angle approaching 180°.
Dorsal(dorsalis). Situated on the back, especially on the midrib of a folded leaf or leaf-like organ; or turned away from the axis to which the organ in question is attached.
Dorsifixed(dorsifixus). Attached by the back.
Drupe(drupa). Stone-fruit, i.e., a fruit with a hard (bony, woody, or crusty) endocarp called the stone, a succulent, more or less fleshy mesocarp, and a thin (membranous or leathery) epicarp.
Elliptical(ellipticus). About twice as long as broad and narrowed towards both ends.
Emarginate(emarginatus). With a small, usually apical notch.
Embryo(embryo). The rudimentary plant formed in the seed.
Endocarp(endocarpium). The innermost layer of the pericarp.
Entire(integerrimus). Without toothing or division.
Epicalyx(epicalyx). A whorl of bracts closely surrounding a flower and resembling an outer calyx.
Epicarp(epicarpium). The outermost layer of the pericarp.
Epigynous(epigynus). Inserted at the upper edge of a concave receptacle which is united with the ovary.
Epiphyte(epiphyticus). Growing upon other plants without deriving nourishment from them.
Ex-(ex-). Without. Exalbuminous = without albumen. Exstipulate = without stipules.
Exocarp(exocarpium). The outermost layer of the pericarp.
Exserted(exsertus). Projecting beyond the tube of the perianth or corolla.
Extrorse(extrorsus). Turned outwards.
Falcate(falcatus). Sickle-shaped.
Fascicle(fasciculus). A cluster, especially a short and dense cymose inflorescence of distinctly stalked or conspicuous flowers.
Female Flower(flos foemineus). A flower containing fertile (ovule-bearing) carpels, but no fertile (pollen-producing) stamens.
Fertile(fertilis). Capable of producing progeny, especially bearing pollen or ovules which develop into seeds.
Filament(filamentum). The lower narrow part (the stalk) of the stamen.
Filiform(filiformis). Thread-shaped, i.e., cylindrical and very slender.
Flexuous(flexuosus). Bent alternately in opposite directions.
Foliaceous(foliaceus). Leaf-like, i.e., having the shape and texture of a foliage-leaf.
Foliole(foliolum). Leaflet, i.e., one of the leaf-like parts of a compound leaf, which are jointed to the rachis.
Follicle(folliculus). A one-celled fruit opening lengthwise (at the ventral suture).
Forked(furcatus). Divided into two subequal branches.
Free(liber). Not united, not even at the base.
Funicle(funiculus). The stalk of the ovule.
Gamo-(gamo-). With the parts more or less united, e.g., gamopetalous = with the petals united below into a ring, cup, or tube.
Glabrous(glaber). Without hairs.
Gland(glans). A thick, usually roundish outgrowth, generally secreting a liquid.
Glandular(glandulosus). Bearing a gland or glands.
Glomerule(glomerulis). A short and dense cymose inflorescence of subsessile inconspicuous flowers.
Glume(gluma). A chaffy bract, especially in the inflorescence of grasses.
Gynophore(gynophorum). An elongation of the receptacle below the carpels.
Hastate(hastatus). Halbard-shaped, i.e., with two acute basal lobes turned outwards.
Head(capitulum). A centripetal inflorescence with a short and usually thick axis and sessile or nearly sessile flowers.
Hermaphrodite(hermaphroditus). Bisexual, i.e., containing both kinds of sexual organs (stamens and carpels) in complete development.
Hilum(hilus). The point where the ovule or the seed is attached to the funicle or the placenta.
Hirsute(hirsutus). Densely covered with erect, rather short and stiff hairs.
Hispid(hispidus). Beset with long stiff hairs.
Hyaline(hyalinus). Membranous and translucid.
Hypogynous(hypogynus). Inserted at the base of the ovary or below it, upon a small and flat or an elevated receptacle.
Imbricate(imbricatus). Overlapping at the edges, as the tiles of a roof, especially in the bud.
Imparipinnate(imparipinnatus). Unequally pinnate, i.e., pinnate with a terminal leaflet.
Included(inclusus). Concealed within the tube of the perianth or corolla.
Incumbent(incumbens). Placed upon the back, especially of the cotyledons.
Indehiscent(indehiscens). Remaining closed at maturity.
Induplicate(induplicatus). Doubled along the midrib, with the margins turned inwards.
Inferior Ovary(ovarium inferum). An ovary adnate to a concave receptacle or to the tube of the perianth or calyx.
Inflorescence(inflorescentia). The flowering part of a branch and the arrangement of the flowers upon it. The flower-clusters constituting together a compound inflorescence are termed partial inflorescences.
Introrse(introrsus). Turned inwards.
Inverted Ovule(ovulum anatropum). An ovule with the micropyle next to the hilum.
Involucel(involucellum). The involucre of a partial inflorescence.
Involucre(involucrum). A group of bracts surrounding an inflorescence.
Involute(involutus). Rolled inward from the margins towards the midrib.
Irregular Flower(flos irregularis). A flower with unequally shaped or disposed perianth-leaves.
Jointed(articulatus). Divided into portions which subsequently separate; or separating at the point of attachment.
Laciniate(laciniatus). Lacerated, i.e., slit into narrow and irregular segments.
Lanceolate(lanceolatus). About 3-6 times as long as broad and ending in an angle or point.
Legume(legumen). A one-celled fruit opening by two valves.
Ligulate(ligulatus). Strap-shaped, i.e., produced on one side into a long and narrow limb.
Ligule(ligula). A strap-shaped body, especially the scale-like appendage on the inner side of certain leaves, usually between the sheath and the blade.
Limb(limbus). The upper, more or less expanded part of a perianth.
Linear(linearis). Very narrow (many times as long as broad) with almost parallel edges.
Lip(labium). A part of a perianth formed of several united segments or of one large segment which is separated from the rest.
Lobe(lobus). Division of a leaf or a perianth, especially when short.
Lobed(lobatus). Shortly divided, the incisions not reaching to the middle.
Loculicidal(loculicidus). Opening along the median line of the outer wall of the ovary-or fruit-cells (along the dorsal suture of the carpels).
Lyrate(lyratus). Lyre-shaped, i.e., pinnately divided with a large and rounded terminal lobe and small lateral ones.
Male Flower(flos masculus). A flower containing fertile (pollen-producing) stamens, but no fertile carpels.
Median(medianus). Placed in the middle-line of a bilateral organ.
Mericarp(mericarpium). Partial fruit, i.e., one of the parts into which a schizocarp separates.
Merous(merus). With the parts of the flower consisting of a certain number of divisions or leaves, e.g., dimerous = with the parts in twos.
Mesocarp(mesocarpium). The intermediate layer of the pericarp.
Micropyle(micropyle). The aperture in the coats of the ovule.
Monoecious(monoicus). Unisexual and the flowers of both sexes on the same plant.
Mucronate(mucronatus). Ending in a short bristle-like point (mucro).
Muticous(muticus). Without awns or spines.
Naked(nudus). Not enveloped by a perianth or by carpels.
Nerve(nervus). A vascular bundle in a leaf or leaf-like organ, usually appearing as a dark or translucent line or a ridge projecting on the under surface.
Net-veined(reticulatim venosus). With the lateral nerves irregularly connected by a network of small veins.
Neuter(neuter). Without perfect sexual organs.
Node(nodus). The usually knot-like part of the stem, where a leaf or a whorl of leaves are inserted.
Nut(nux). A dry and indehiscent fruit, especially one with a thick and hard rind.
Ob-(ob-). Reversedly. Thus obcordate or obovate = cordate or ovate, the upper part the broader.
Oblong(oblongus). About 3-6 times as long as broad and rounded at the top.
Obtuse(obtusus). Blunt, i.e., narrowed, but not pointed at the apex.
Open Aestivation(aestivatio aperta). A form of aestivation in which the margins of the perianth-leaves do not touch one another.
Opposite(oppositus). Set against in pairs at the same level; or placed one before another.
Oval(ovalis). About twice as long as broad and rounded at the top.
Ovary(ovarium). The lower part of the pistil, which encloses the ovules.
Ovate(ovatus). Shaped like the longitudinal section of an egg, i.e., oval and narrowed towards the top.
Ovoid(ovoideus). Egg-shaped.
Ovule(ovulum). The grain-like body which contains the female reproductive cells and developes into the seed after fertilization.
Palmate(palmatus). With the divisions or branches springing from one point.
Panicle(panicula). A repeatedly branched inflorescence of more or less pyramidal or ovoid form.
Papilla(papilla). A soft superficial protuberance.
Parallelnerved(parallelinervius). With the principal nerves nearly parallel and connected almost at right angles by equally subparallel side-nerves.
Parasite(planta parasitica). A plant growing upon an other plant and feeding from it.
Parietal(parietalis). Attached to the wall of the ovary, usually at the sutures of the carpels.
Paripinnate(paripinnatus). Equally or abruptly pinnate, i.e., pinnate without a terminal leaflet.
Parted(partitus). Divided nearly to the base.
Pedate(pedatus). With the larger branches or divisions springing from the lowest lateral ones.
Pedicel(pedicellus). The stalk of a flower.
Peduncle(pedunculus). The stalk of an inflorescence.
Peltate(peltalus). Shield-shaped, i.e., roundish and attached by the middle of the under surface.
Penicillate(penicillatus). Shaped like a tuft of hairs or a painter’s brush.
Penninerved(penninervius). With pinnate nervation.
Perennial(perennis). Not perishing after maturity, the underground part of the stem at least remaining alive.
Perianth(perianthium). Floral envelope, i.e., the aggregate of the modified leaves surrounding the stamens and carpels and forming part of the flower.
Pericarp(pericarpium). The wall of the fruit enclosing the seeds.
Perigynous(perigynus). Inserted upon the margin of a more or less concave receptacle which is free from the ovary, at some distance from and usually higher than the ovary.
Persistent(persistens). Remaining on the plant at the time of maturity.
Petal(petalum). One of the inner perianth-leaves, usually differing from the outer in the larger size, the softer texture, and the bright colour.
Petaloid(petaloideus). Petal-or corolla-like.
Petiole(petiolus). The foot-stalk of a leaf.
Phyllode(phyllodium). A broadened, leaf-like branch.
Pinna(pinna). One of the lateral branches or divisions of a pinnate organ.
Pinnate(pinnatus). With the divisions, leaflets, or branches arranged along each side of the midrib or rachis. Unequally pinnate leaves have a terminal leaflet, equally (abruptly) pinnate ones have none.
Pistil(pistillum). The aggregate of the carpels of a flower.
Placenta(placenta). The part of the ovary or fruit which bears the ovules or seeds.
Plicate(plicatus). Folded along the ribs.
Plumule(plumula). The upper part of the embryo (above the cotyledons).
Pollen(pollen). The fertilizing cells produced in the anthers.
Polygamous(polygamus). Partly hermaphrodite and partly unisexual.
Posterior(posticus). Directed towards the axis upon which the organ in question is inserted.
Praefloration(praeflovatio). The arrangement of the perianth-leaves in the bud.
Praefoliation(praefoliatio). The mode in which a foliage-leaf is disposed before its expansion.
Procumbent(procumbens). Spreading along the ground.
Quincuncial(quincuncialis). Imbricate in bud, so that one perianth-leaf is overlapped on one side only, the others on either or neither side.
Raceme(racemus). A centripetal (racemose) inflorescence with an elongated axis and distinctly stalked flowers.
Racemose(racemosus,botryosus). Consisting of a main axis not ending in a number of weaker lateral axes.
Rachis(rhachis). The main axis of an inflorescence or of a compound leaf.
Radiating(radians). Spreading all round; or bearing larger flowers or larger perianth-leaves at the circumference than in the centre.
Radical(radicalis). Arising from the base of the stem, apparently from the root.
Radicle(radicula). The lower part of the embryo (below the cotyledons).
Raphe(raphe). A cord of tissue forming a prolongation of the funicle along the coats of the ovule.
Receptacle(receptaculum). The extremity of the flower-stalk bearing the floral envelopes and the sexual organs; or the enlarged end of a branch upon which the flowers are seated.
Reduplicate(reduplicatus). Doubled along the midrib with the margins turned outwards.
Reflexed(reflexus). Bent back.
Regular(regularis). With all parts of the same kind, especially all perianth leaves, equal in shape and arrangement.
Reniform(reniformis). Kidney-shaped.
Revolute(revolutus). Rolled backwards from the margins.
Rib(costa). A strong, more or less projecting nerve.
Root-stock(rhizoma). The root-like, underground or prostrate lowest part of the stem of certain plants.
Rotate(rotatus). Wheel-shaped, i.e., with a very short tube and a spreading limb.
Rudimentary(rudimentarius). Very imperfectly developed.
Ruminate(ruminatus). Marked with irregular fissures.
Runcinate(runcinatus). Pinnately cleft with pointed recurved lobes.
Saccate(saccatus). Provided with a pouch-shaped appendage.
Sagittate(sagittatus). Arrow-shaped, i.e., with two acute basal lobes directed downwards.
Salver-shaped(hypocraterimorphus). With a long and narrow tube and a spreading limb.
Saprophyte(saprophytum). A plant living upon decaying organic matter.
Scale(squama). A reduced leaf usually destitute of green colour, or a similar outgrowth of the skin of a plant.
Scape(scapus). A leafless stalk of an inflorescence rising from the ground.
Scarious(scariosus). Dry and membranous.
Schizocarp(schizocarpium,fructus in coccos secedens). A fruit separating into several usually nut-like mericarps.
Scorpioid(scorpioideus). One-sided and coiled at the top.
Segment(segmentum). A division of a deeply divided leaf, or a division of the perianth, especially when the latter is deeply divided.
Sepal(sepalum). An outer perianth-leaf, usually small, green, and of a firm texture.
Sepaloid(sepaloideus). Sepal-or calyx-like.
Septate(septatus). Chambered, i.e., divided into cells by dissepiments.
Septicidal(septicidus). Opening at the dissepiments or placentas.
Septifragal(septifragus). Opening so that the valves of the fruit break away from the dissepiments.
Serrate(serratus). Cut at the margin into sharp teeth direct towards the apex.
Sessile(sessilis). Without a stalk.
Sheath(vagina). The dilated base of certain leaves.
Simple(simplex). Without branches; or without segments jointed to the rachis.
Smooth(laevis). With an even surface (without protuberances).
Spadix(spadix). A spike with a thick axis and inconspicuous flowers, usually enveloped by a spathe.
Spathe(spatha). A large bract more or less enveloping a flower or inflorescence.
Spatulate(spathulatus). More or less rounded above and tapering towards the base.
Spike(spica). A centripetal (racemose) inflorescence with an elongated axis and sessile or nearly sessile flowers.
Spikelet(spicula). A spike-like partial inflorescence.
Stamen(stamen). A modified leaf bearing the male reproductive cells (the pollen).
Staminode(staminodium). A barren stamen (without anthers or with incompletely developed anthers).
Sterile(sterilis). Barren, i.e., without well developed ovules or pollen.
Stigma(stigma). The uppermost, papillose part of the pistil, which receives the pollen.
Stipel(stipella). A stipule at the base of a leaflet of a compound leaf.
Stipule(stipula). A leaf-or scale-like appendage of the leaf-base.
Striate(striatus). Marked with longitudinal lines.
Strophiole(strophiolus). Caruncle, i.e., an outgrowth near the hilum of certain seeds.
Style(stylus). The narrowed part of the pistil, intermediate between the ovary and the stigma.
Sub-(sub-). Under; or almost, somewhat; e.g., subsessile = almost sessile.
Subtend(subtendere). Extend under; especially: bear in its axil.
Subulate(subulatus). Awl-shaped, i.e., very narrow and pointed.
Suffruticose(suffruticosus). Woody at the base, herbaceous above.
Superior Ovary(ovarium superum). An ovary free from the receptacle and the perianth.
Suture(sutura). Line of union, especially of the margins of carpels.
Symmetrical(symmetricus). Divisible by one or several planes into two or more similar parts.
Sympetalous(sympetalus,gamopetalus). With the petals more or less united.
Terete(teres). Cylindrical and circular in transverse section.
Ternate(ternatus). In threes; especially with 3 leaflets or divisions.
Testa(testa). The outer coat of the seed.
Throat(faux). The mouth of the perianth-tube.
Tomentose(tomentosus). Cottony, i.e., covered with short, soft, matted hairs.
Toothed(dentatus). Provided with short marginal incisions, especially when they are sharp and turned outwards.
Triquetrous(triqueter). Three-edged (with 3 salient angles).
Truncate(truncatus). Terminating abruptly as though cut off at the end.
Tube(tubus). A hollow, more or less elongated body, especially the lower undivided and more or less narrowed part of the perianth, or a concave receptacle bearing the perianth at the margin.
Tuber(tuber). A short and thick, more or less fleshy underground part of a stem, not surrounded by scales, or a similar root.
Tubercle(tuberculum). A wart-like swelling on the surface of an organ.
Umbel(umbella). A centripetal (racemose) inflorescence with a very short axis and stalked flowers arising apparently all from the same point.
Umbonate(umbonatus). Bearing a boss in the centre of the surface.
Unarmed(inermis). Without spines or bristles.
Undershrub(suffrutex). A plant woody in the lower part of the above-ground stem, herbaceous towards the top.
Unifoliolate(unfoliolatus). With a single leaflet, which is jointed to the leaf-stalk.
Unisexual(unisexualis). Having only the organs of one sex completely developed; or containing the flowers of one sex only.
Urceolate(urceolatus). Urn-or pitcher-shaped, i.e., with an inflated tube contracted at the mouth.
Utricle(utriculus). A bladder-shaped indehiscent or irregularly bursting fruit.
Valvate(valvatus). With the margins meeting in the bud without overlapping.
Vascular Bundles(fasciae vasculares). Fibre-like bundles of vessels (confluent cells).
Vein(vena). A faint nerve.
Ventral(ventralis). Placed at or directed towards the inner side of the carpel.
Ventricose(ventricosus). Swelling on one side.
Vernation(vernatio). Praefoliation, i.e., the disposition of a leaf in the bud.
Versatile(versatilis). Attached by a point and turning freely on its support.
Winged(alatus). With a much projecting, thin and flat appendage.
Whorl(verticillus). A group of similar organs arranged in a circle round an axis.
Whorled(verticillatus). Arranged in whorls of 3 or more parts.