Vine vigorous, hardy, healthy, very productive. Canes long to medium, numerous, slender, medium dark brown, surface covered with very thin bloom; nodes enlarged, flattened; internodes above medium to short; diaphragm thick; pith medium to belowin size; shoots pubescent; tendrils continuous, sometimes intermittent, of average length, bifid.Leaf-buds medium to below in size, short to medium, thick, open early. Young leaves faintly tinged on under side only with faint rose-carmine. Leaves large to medium, of average thickness; upper surface light green, glossy, smooth to medium; lower surface dull green, tinged with bronze, faintly pubescent; lobes three to five with terminal lobe acute to acuminate; petiolar sinus deep, of medium width; basal sinus shallow, intermediate in width; lateral sinus variable in depth and width; teeth shallow, moderately wide. Flowers fertile, open about mid-season or somewhat earlier; stamens upright.Fruit ripens very early, sometimes before Moore Early, keeps and ships well for an early grape. Clusters large to below medium, long, slender, cylindrical to slightly tapering, often with a long single shoulder, loose to moderately compact; peduncle long, moderately slender; pedicel short, slender, covered with few, small, inconspicuous warts; brush greenish-white. Berries above medium to small, roundish, light green, covered with thin white bloom, usually persistent, soft. Skin often marked with small reddish-brown spots, thin, tender, adheres very slightly to the pulp, contains no pigment, slightly astringent. Flesh greenish, translucent, juicy, tender, fine-grained, sweet; very good to best in quality. Seeds separate fairly well from the pulp, one to four, average two, small, plump, moderately wide and long, blunt, brownish; raphe obscure, chalaza small, slightly above center, circular, not distinct.
Vine vigorous, hardy, healthy, very productive. Canes long to medium, numerous, slender, medium dark brown, surface covered with very thin bloom; nodes enlarged, flattened; internodes above medium to short; diaphragm thick; pith medium to belowin size; shoots pubescent; tendrils continuous, sometimes intermittent, of average length, bifid.
Leaf-buds medium to below in size, short to medium, thick, open early. Young leaves faintly tinged on under side only with faint rose-carmine. Leaves large to medium, of average thickness; upper surface light green, glossy, smooth to medium; lower surface dull green, tinged with bronze, faintly pubescent; lobes three to five with terminal lobe acute to acuminate; petiolar sinus deep, of medium width; basal sinus shallow, intermediate in width; lateral sinus variable in depth and width; teeth shallow, moderately wide. Flowers fertile, open about mid-season or somewhat earlier; stamens upright.
Fruit ripens very early, sometimes before Moore Early, keeps and ships well for an early grape. Clusters large to below medium, long, slender, cylindrical to slightly tapering, often with a long single shoulder, loose to moderately compact; peduncle long, moderately slender; pedicel short, slender, covered with few, small, inconspicuous warts; brush greenish-white. Berries above medium to small, roundish, light green, covered with thin white bloom, usually persistent, soft. Skin often marked with small reddish-brown spots, thin, tender, adheres very slightly to the pulp, contains no pigment, slightly astringent. Flesh greenish, translucent, juicy, tender, fine-grained, sweet; very good to best in quality. Seeds separate fairly well from the pulp, one to four, average two, small, plump, moderately wide and long, blunt, brownish; raphe obscure, chalaza small, slightly above center, circular, not distinct.
1.Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt.,1881:44, 65.2.Ib.,1885:107, 108.3.Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt.,1887-8:87, 209.4.Ib.,1888-9:16.5.Am. Pom. Soc. Cat.,1889:24.6.Gar. and For.,3:490, 599. 1890.7.W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt.,1890:179.8.N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt.,11:638. 1892.9.Ill. Sta. Bul.,28:262. 1893.10.Bush. Cat.,1894:188.fig.11.N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt.,17:537, 545, 546, 548, 553. 1898.12.Mich. Sta. Bul.,169:177. 1899.13.Ib.,194:59. 1901.14.Kan. Sta. Bul.,110:238. 1902.15.Kan. Hort. Soc. Rpt.,1904-05:228.Woodruff Red(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14).Woodruff Red(10).
1.Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt.,1881:44, 65.2.Ib.,1885:107, 108.3.Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt.,1887-8:87, 209.4.Ib.,1888-9:16.5.Am. Pom. Soc. Cat.,1889:24.6.Gar. and For.,3:490, 599. 1890.7.W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt.,1890:179.8.N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt.,11:638. 1892.9.Ill. Sta. Bul.,28:262. 1893.10.Bush. Cat.,1894:188.fig.11.N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt.,17:537, 545, 546, 548, 553. 1898.12.Mich. Sta. Bul.,169:177. 1899.13.Ib.,194:59. 1901.14.Kan. Sta. Bul.,110:238. 1902.15.Kan. Hort. Soc. Rpt.,1904-05:228.
Woodruff Red(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14).Woodruff Red(10).
Woodruff is a handsome, showy, brick-red grape with large clusters and berries. While very attractive in appearance its taste belies its looks, for the flesh is coarse and the flavor foxy. In spite of its attractive appearance, Woodruff would scarcely be worth attention were it not for its excellent vine characters. The vines are hardy, vigorous, productive and fairly healthy. In appearance it is a typical strong-growing Labrusca with the varied adaptabilities of that species for soils and ability to withstandadverse conditions. It ripens a little before or with Concord and comes on the market at a good time, especially for a red grape. When introduced Woodruff promised to be a valuable commercial grape but its poor quality, the fact that it does not keep well, and a pronounced tendency to crack and shatter, have kept the variety from becoming prominent for either vineyard or garden. While it is worthy of attention under some conditions because of hardiness and possibly other vine characters, yet it is hardly worth growing where other varieties of its color and season can be had.
Woodruff, or as it was first known, Woodruff Red, came from C. H. Woodruff of Ann Arbor, Michigan. He reported it as a chance seedling which came up in 1874 and fruited for the first time in 1877. It was supposed to be a cross of Catawba and Concord. It was introduced in 1885 and placed on the grape list of the American Pomological Society fruit catalog in 1889.
Vine very vigorous, hardy, produces as heavy or heavier crops than Concord, inclined to mildew in unfavorable locations. Canes intermediate in length, number and thickness, dark brown; nodes slightly enlarged, flattened; internodes medium to short; diaphragm medium to above in thickness; pith below average size; shoots pubescent; tendrils continuous, of mean length, bifid to trifid.Leaf-buds small, short to medium, slender, pointed to conical. Leaves intermediate in size, of average thickness, somewhat roundish; upper surface light green, dull, rugose; lower surface greenish-white to bronze, pubescent; veins indistinct; leaf usually not lobed with terminus acute to obtuse; petiolar sinus intermediate in depth, medium to wide; basal sinus lacking; lateral sinus shallow and narrow when present; teeth very shallow and narrow. Flowers semi-fertile, open moderately early; stamens upright.Fruit variable in season of ripening, usually shortly before Concord but sometimes slightly later, does not always keep well. Clusters variable in size, of fair length, broad, often widely tapering, usually single-shouldered or with largest clusters sometimes double-shouldered, compact; peduncle medium to long, variable in thickness; pedicel medium to short, thick, smooth, with scarcely any enlargement at point of attachment to fruit; brush long, pale green. Berries large to below medium, roundish to oval, dark red, dull, covered with thin lilac to faint blue bloom, sometimes drop badly from pedicel, firm. Skin thin, medium to tender, adheres strongly to the pulp, contains no pigment, slightly astringent. Flesh very pale green to nearly white, translucent, juicy, tough, coarse, very foxy, sweet at skin but quite tart at center, fair in quality. Seeds do notseparate easily from the pulp, one to five, average, three or four, intermediate in size, medium to broad, short, rather plump, blunt, brownish; raphe obscure; chalaza small, slightly above center, oval, not distinct.
Vine very vigorous, hardy, produces as heavy or heavier crops than Concord, inclined to mildew in unfavorable locations. Canes intermediate in length, number and thickness, dark brown; nodes slightly enlarged, flattened; internodes medium to short; diaphragm medium to above in thickness; pith below average size; shoots pubescent; tendrils continuous, of mean length, bifid to trifid.
Leaf-buds small, short to medium, slender, pointed to conical. Leaves intermediate in size, of average thickness, somewhat roundish; upper surface light green, dull, rugose; lower surface greenish-white to bronze, pubescent; veins indistinct; leaf usually not lobed with terminus acute to obtuse; petiolar sinus intermediate in depth, medium to wide; basal sinus lacking; lateral sinus shallow and narrow when present; teeth very shallow and narrow. Flowers semi-fertile, open moderately early; stamens upright.
Fruit variable in season of ripening, usually shortly before Concord but sometimes slightly later, does not always keep well. Clusters variable in size, of fair length, broad, often widely tapering, usually single-shouldered or with largest clusters sometimes double-shouldered, compact; peduncle medium to long, variable in thickness; pedicel medium to short, thick, smooth, with scarcely any enlargement at point of attachment to fruit; brush long, pale green. Berries large to below medium, roundish to oval, dark red, dull, covered with thin lilac to faint blue bloom, sometimes drop badly from pedicel, firm. Skin thin, medium to tender, adheres strongly to the pulp, contains no pigment, slightly astringent. Flesh very pale green to nearly white, translucent, juicy, tough, coarse, very foxy, sweet at skin but quite tart at center, fair in quality. Seeds do notseparate easily from the pulp, one to five, average, three or four, intermediate in size, medium to broad, short, rather plump, blunt, brownish; raphe obscure; chalaza small, slightly above center, oval, not distinct.
WOODRUFFWOODRUFF
1.Am. Hort. An.,1870:95.2.Wis. Hort. Soc. Rpt.,1873:71.3.Mich. Pom. Soc. Rpt.,1874:258.4.Am. Pom. Soc. Cat.,1881:24.5.Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt.,1881:42, 115, 121, 123, 136, 144, 168.6.W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt.,27:30, 97. 1882.7.Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt.,1885:103, 106.8.Wis. Hort. Soc. Rpt.,1885:176.9.Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt.,1886-7:171.10.Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt.,1887:91.11.Wis. Sta. An. Rpt.,5:162. 1888.12.N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt.,9:328. 1890.13.Miss. Sta. Bul.,22:12, 13. 1892.14.Bush. Cat.,1894:190.15.Col. Sta. Bul.,29:20. 1894.16.Tenn. Sta. Bul., Vol.9:189. 1896.17.Gar. and For.,9:300. 1896.18.N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt.,17:537, 542, 543, 544, 545, 547, 553, 557. 1898.19.Ev. Nat. Fruits,1898:75.20.Ont. Fr. Exp. Stas. Rpt.,8:11,fig., 49. 1901.21.Mich. Sta. Sp. Bul.,27:10. 1904.Worden’s Seedling(1, 6).Worden’s Seedling(12, 14).
1.Am. Hort. An.,1870:95.2.Wis. Hort. Soc. Rpt.,1873:71.3.Mich. Pom. Soc. Rpt.,1874:258.4.Am. Pom. Soc. Cat.,1881:24.5.Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt.,1881:42, 115, 121, 123, 136, 144, 168.6.W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt.,27:30, 97. 1882.7.Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt.,1885:103, 106.8.Wis. Hort. Soc. Rpt.,1885:176.9.Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt.,1886-7:171.10.Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt.,1887:91.11.Wis. Sta. An. Rpt.,5:162. 1888.12.N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt.,9:328. 1890.13.Miss. Sta. Bul.,22:12, 13. 1892.14.Bush. Cat.,1894:190.15.Col. Sta. Bul.,29:20. 1894.16.Tenn. Sta. Bul., Vol.9:189. 1896.17.Gar. and For.,9:300. 1896.18.N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt.,17:537, 542, 543, 544, 545, 547, 553, 557. 1898.19.Ev. Nat. Fruits,1898:75.20.Ont. Fr. Exp. Stas. Rpt.,8:11,fig., 49. 1901.21.Mich. Sta. Sp. Bul.,27:10. 1904.
Worden’s Seedling(1, 6).Worden’s Seedling(12, 14).
Worden possesses most of the good qualities of Concord and lacks some of its bad ones. Of all the offspring of Concord, this variety is best known and is most meritorious. It is of the type into which nearly all of the black seedlings of Concord fall and surpasses all of these in quality though it does not equal the best of the green seedlings of the parent in fruit characters, especially in flavor. It differs chiefly from Concord in having larger berries and bunches, in having better quality and in being from a week to ten days earlier. It is equally hardy, healthy, vigorous and productive. It is more fastidious in its adaptations to soil and other conditions than its parents but now and then it is found to do even better under some conditions.
Worden is not as good a grape in many minor characters as the Concord and this is the chief reason why it is not grown as much as its distinguished parent. Its chief fault is that the fruit cracks badly, often preventing the profitable marketing of a crop. The Concord cracks also in unfavorable weather but the cracked berries often, or nearly always, partly or wholly recover from the injury through the growing over of the wounds. The Worden lacks the power of overcoming the cracking. Beside this tenderness of skin, the pulp of Worden is softer than that of Concord, there is more juice and the keeping qualities are not as good, so that the variety hardly ships as well as the more commonly grown grape. In someseasons there is a decided tendency to shell or shatter if the fruit is overripe. Worden is very popular in New York and the North both for commercial plantations and the garden. It is a more desirable inhabitant of the garden and for nearby markets, because of higher quality, than Concord, and under conditions well suited to it, is better as a commercial variety, as it is handsomer as well as of better quality. In the markets it ought to sell for a higher price than Concord if desired for immediate consumption and if it can be promptly harvested, as it does not hang well on the vines. In many markets Worden is sold as Concord and has the effect of extending the Concord season. Its earlier season is against it for a commercial variety in the great Chautauqua Grape Belt of New York and with the defects mentioned will prevent its taking the place of Concord to a great degree.
The Worden was originated by Schuyler Worden of Minetto, Oswego County, New York, from seed of Concord planted about 1863. It bore its first fruit when four years old. Its history is peculiar in that it was for many years unappreciated, being confused with Concord, which was frequently sent out as Worden. It was placed on the grape list of the American Pomological Society fruit catalog in 1881, where it still remains. The variety was given its name by J. A. Place of Oswego, New York, a local horticulturist of some note and a friend of Worden.
Vine vigorous, hardy, healthy, productive, yielding as heavy crops as Concord. Canes above medium in size and number, thick, dark brown with reddish tinge; nodes enlarged, flattened; internodes intermediate in length; diaphragm thick; pith of fair size; shoots pubescent; tendrils continuous, somewhat slender, bifid, sometimes trifid.Leaf-buds small, short, slender, pointed, open in mid-season. Young leaves tinged on under side and along extreme margin of upper side with light rose-carmine. Leaves healthy, large, thick; upper surface dark green, glossy, smooth; lower surface light bronze, pubescent; leaf usually not lobed; petiolar sinus of average depth, medium to wide, often urn-shaped; teeth shallow, medium in width. Flowers fertile, open in mid-season or earlier; stamens upright.Fruit ripens one or two weeks earlier than Concord, does not keep long. Clusters large, medium to long, broad, tapering to cylindrical, usually single-shouldered, somewhat compact; peduncle short, thick; pedicel of medium length, slender, covered with few small warts; brush long, light green. Berries large, roundish to oval, dark purplish-black to black, glossy, covered with heavy blue bloom, not always persistent, moderatelyfirm. Skin of average thickness, somewhat tender, cracks badly, adheres slightly to the pulp, contains considerable dark red pigment, astringent. Flesh greenish, translucent, juicy, fine-grained, tough, slightly foxy, sweet at skin to tart at center, mild, good to very good in quality. Seeds adherent, one to five, average three, large, broad, medium to short, blunt, brownish; raphe buried in a shallow groove; chalaza of average size, slightly above center, oval, somewhat obscure.
Vine vigorous, hardy, healthy, productive, yielding as heavy crops as Concord. Canes above medium in size and number, thick, dark brown with reddish tinge; nodes enlarged, flattened; internodes intermediate in length; diaphragm thick; pith of fair size; shoots pubescent; tendrils continuous, somewhat slender, bifid, sometimes trifid.
Leaf-buds small, short, slender, pointed, open in mid-season. Young leaves tinged on under side and along extreme margin of upper side with light rose-carmine. Leaves healthy, large, thick; upper surface dark green, glossy, smooth; lower surface light bronze, pubescent; leaf usually not lobed; petiolar sinus of average depth, medium to wide, often urn-shaped; teeth shallow, medium in width. Flowers fertile, open in mid-season or earlier; stamens upright.
Fruit ripens one or two weeks earlier than Concord, does not keep long. Clusters large, medium to long, broad, tapering to cylindrical, usually single-shouldered, somewhat compact; peduncle short, thick; pedicel of medium length, slender, covered with few small warts; brush long, light green. Berries large, roundish to oval, dark purplish-black to black, glossy, covered with heavy blue bloom, not always persistent, moderatelyfirm. Skin of average thickness, somewhat tender, cracks badly, adheres slightly to the pulp, contains considerable dark red pigment, astringent. Flesh greenish, translucent, juicy, fine-grained, tough, slightly foxy, sweet at skin to tart at center, mild, good to very good in quality. Seeds adherent, one to five, average three, large, broad, medium to short, blunt, brownish; raphe buried in a shallow groove; chalaza of average size, slightly above center, oval, somewhat obscure.
WORDENWORDEN
1.N. Y. Ag. Soc. Rpt.,1868:230.2.Downing,1869:558.3.Am. Hort. An.,1871:83.4.Horticulturist,29:339.5.Bush. Cat.,1883:145.6.Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt.,1885:103.7.W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt.,30:89. 1885.8.Am. Pom. Soc. Cat.,1889:24.9.Am. Gard.,12:48. 1891.10.Ill. Sta. Bul.,28:262. 1893.11.Va. Sta. Bul.,94:139. 1898.12.N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt.,17:537, 548, 557. 1898.13.Mo. Sta. Bul.,46:41, 42, 44, 46, 54. 1899.14.Mich. Sta. Bul.,169:178. 1899.15.Kan. Sta. Bul.,110:238. 1902.Hopkins Early Red(2).Wilmington Red(3, 5).Wyoming Red(1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15).Wyoming Red(5).
1.N. Y. Ag. Soc. Rpt.,1868:230.2.Downing,1869:558.3.Am. Hort. An.,1871:83.4.Horticulturist,29:339.5.Bush. Cat.,1883:145.6.Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt.,1885:103.7.W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt.,30:89. 1885.8.Am. Pom. Soc. Cat.,1889:24.9.Am. Gard.,12:48. 1891.10.Ill. Sta. Bul.,28:262. 1893.11.Va. Sta. Bul.,94:139. 1898.12.N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt.,17:537, 548, 557. 1898.13.Mo. Sta. Bul.,46:41, 42, 44, 46, 54. 1899.14.Mich. Sta. Bul.,169:178. 1899.15.Kan. Sta. Bul.,110:238. 1902.
Hopkins Early Red(2).Wilmington Red(3, 5).Wyoming Red(1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15).Wyoming Red(5).
Such value as Wyoming has lies in its hardiness, productiveness, healthiness and earliness. The general appearance of the fruit of the variety is very good; the bunches are well-formed and composed of rich amber-colored berries of medium size. But the quality is poor, being that of the wild Labrusca in foxiness of flavor and in the flesh characters. It is not nearly as valuable as some other of the red Labruscas hitherto described and can hardly be recommended for either the garden or the vineyard. It may be of value in breeding work and possibly for localities in which grapes are precariously hardy or in which more fastidious varieties cannot be grown. Wyoming is illustrated inThe Grapes of New Yorkchiefly because it is a typical red Labrusca though in times past it has been of commercial importance and hence has some historical interest.
Wyoming was introduced to public notice by Dr. S. J. Parker of Ithaca, New York, who states that it came from northern Pennsylvania in 1861. About 1870 it was fruited in central New York where it immediately attracted attention and was exhibited at various fairs and horticultural society meetings. It was named after the Wyoming Valley, beyond which place it could not be traced, and where it presumably originated. The variety was first known as Wyoming Red but later the Red was dropped.Another variety under the name Wyoming preceded this. It was a black-fruited sort of apparently no value and seems now to be obsolete. The name Wilmington Red has been used to designate this variety, by what authority does not appear, as it was apparently first described under the name Wyoming Red. The Wyoming was placed on the grape list of the American Pomological Society fruit catalog in 1889 and removed in 1899. In spite of the fact that this variety has been discarded by the American Pomological Society, it is still offered for sale by many grape nurserymen.
Vine vigorous, hardy, healthy, productive to very productive. Canes medium to below in length, numerous, slender, dark reddish-brown, surface covered with a slight amount of blue bloom; nodes enlarged, frequently flattened; internodes short to medium; diaphragm medium to below in thickness; pith medium in size; shoots thinly pubescent; tendrils continuous, rather short, bifid.Leaf-buds small, short, slender, pointed to conical, open late. Young leaves slightly tinged on under side only with faint rose-carmine. Leaves medium in size, of average thickness; upper surface light green, dull, smooth; lower surface dull green with tinge of bronze, slightly pubescent; lobes none to three with terminus acute to acuminate; petiolar sinus medium to shallow, wide to medium; basal sinus usually none; lateral sinus shallow and wide when present; teeth shallow, of average width. Flowers sterile, open in mid-season; stamens reflexed.Fruit usually ripens from a week to ten days earlier than Concord, keeps and ships well for a grape of its species. Clusters medium to small, frequently below average length, medium to rather slender, slightly cylindrical to tapering, usually not shouldered but sometimes with a small single shoulder, compact to medium. Peduncle short to medium, slender; pedicel short, slender, covered with few small warts; brush slender, medium in length, pale green with brownish tinge. Berries above medium to small, roundish, dark dull red to rich amber red, covered with thin lilac bloom, persistent, firm. Skin medium in thickness, tender, adheres slightly to the pulp, contains no pigment, astringent. Flesh pale green, translucent, juicy, tough and solid, strongly foxy, vinous, sweet at skin to tart at center, poor in quality. Seeds do not separate easily from the pulp, one to three, average two and three, intermediate in size, breadth and length, slightly notched, usually rather blunt, light brown; raphe buried in a narrow, shallow groove; chalaza of average size, slightly above center, irregularly circular to oval, obscure.
Vine vigorous, hardy, healthy, productive to very productive. Canes medium to below in length, numerous, slender, dark reddish-brown, surface covered with a slight amount of blue bloom; nodes enlarged, frequently flattened; internodes short to medium; diaphragm medium to below in thickness; pith medium in size; shoots thinly pubescent; tendrils continuous, rather short, bifid.
Leaf-buds small, short, slender, pointed to conical, open late. Young leaves slightly tinged on under side only with faint rose-carmine. Leaves medium in size, of average thickness; upper surface light green, dull, smooth; lower surface dull green with tinge of bronze, slightly pubescent; lobes none to three with terminus acute to acuminate; petiolar sinus medium to shallow, wide to medium; basal sinus usually none; lateral sinus shallow and wide when present; teeth shallow, of average width. Flowers sterile, open in mid-season; stamens reflexed.
Fruit usually ripens from a week to ten days earlier than Concord, keeps and ships well for a grape of its species. Clusters medium to small, frequently below average length, medium to rather slender, slightly cylindrical to tapering, usually not shouldered but sometimes with a small single shoulder, compact to medium. Peduncle short to medium, slender; pedicel short, slender, covered with few small warts; brush slender, medium in length, pale green with brownish tinge. Berries above medium to small, roundish, dark dull red to rich amber red, covered with thin lilac bloom, persistent, firm. Skin medium in thickness, tender, adheres slightly to the pulp, contains no pigment, astringent. Flesh pale green, translucent, juicy, tough and solid, strongly foxy, vinous, sweet at skin to tart at center, poor in quality. Seeds do not separate easily from the pulp, one to three, average two and three, intermediate in size, breadth and length, slightly notched, usually rather blunt, light brown; raphe buried in a narrow, shallow groove; chalaza of average size, slightly above center, irregularly circular to oval, obscure.
WYOMINGWYOMING
Abby Clingotten.(Lab.) Noted by Prince in 1863 as a worthless Labrusca.
Ada.(Vin. Lab.)Valk’s Seedling.(See page 56.) Originated in 1845 by Dr. Valk, of Flushing, Long Island, from Isabella fertilized by Black Hamburg. Vigorous, hardy; bunches very large, compact to loose; berries large; skin thin, almost black; vinous flavor. This is the first recorded hybrid between Labrusca and Vinifera.
Adelaide.(Vin. Lab.) A hybrid between Concord and Muscat Hamburg, by Ricketts; brought to notice in 1870. Bunch shouldered, loose; berries large, oval, black; sweet and sprightly.
Adelia.(Rip.?)Petit Noir.Noted in theUnited States Patent Office Report, 1859, as a small black native grape, raised in Orange County, New Jersey.
Adeline.(Lab.) One of T. B. Miner’s seedlings of Concord. Vigorous; berry large, light green.
Admirable.(Linc. Aest.) From Munson; introduced in 1894. Vigorous; leaves large, smooth; stamens reflexed; bunch medium, shouldered, moderately compact; berry small, black; sweet and sprightly.
Adobe.(Long.) A wild variety ofVitis longii; found by Munson in Hutchinson County, Texas. Stamens reflexed; cluster small; berry small, black; ripens early.
Aiken.(Lab. Vin.?) Closely resembles Isabella and is the same variety or a seedling.
Albaiis.Noted by Warder in 1867 as follows: “Vine thrifty, hardy; bunch large; berry large, round, black; good.”
Albania.(Linc. Aest. Lab. Bourq.) Parents, Post-oak, Norton, and Herbemont; from Munson. Very vigorous, prolific; cluster large to very large, shouldered; berry medium, translucent white; juicy, tender, sprightly; very late.
Albert.(Lab.) From Theophile Huber, of Illinois City, Illinois. Vigorous; leaf large, healthy; bunch small, compact; berry very large, round, red with bluish bloom; skin thin, tender; sweet, spicy, vinous; season about with Concord.
Albino.(Lab. Vin.?)Garber’s Albino;Garber’s White. From J. B. Garber, Columbia, Pennsylvania, previous to 1830, from the seed of York Madeira. Bunch medium; berry medium, oval, greenish-white; sweet.
Aledo.(Lab.) From B. F. Stinger, Charlottesville, Indiana, about 1887. Bunch medium, compact; berry medium to large, green, tinged with yellow, nearly round, oblate; ripens with Concord.
Aletha.(Lab. Vin.) Brought to notice about 1870, at Ottawa, Illinois; said to be a Catawba seedling. Bunch medium; berries purple, nearly black; flesh pulpy, foxy; early.
Alfarata.(Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Brighton crossed with Delaware; from Henry B. Spencer, Rocky River, Ohio, about 1890. Berries small, dark red with a rich, vinous flavor.
Alice Lee.(Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Lady Washington; from W. H. Lightfoot, Springfield, Illinois. Vigorous, moderately productive; clusters medium, compact; berries large, golden yellow; very good; ripens with Concord.
Allair.Described by Downing in 1869. “Bunch small, loose; berry medium, reddish-brown; flesh pulpy, harsh, poor.”
Alma.(Rip. Lab. Vin.?) A seedling of Bacchus fertilized with a doubtful hybrid seedling; from Ricketts. Vigorous, healthy; bunch medium, compact, seldom shouldered; berry medium, black, blue bloom; spicy, very sweet; season with or after Hartford.
Alphonse.(Lab. Rip. Vin.) From Theophile Huber, Illinois City, Illinois. Strong open grower; leaf subject to disease; a shy bearer; bunch medium, loose; berry large, oval, yellowish; later than Concord.
Aluwe.(Linc. Vin. Lab. Bourq.?) A seedling of Lucky pollinated by Carman; from Munson in 1899. Stamens reflexed; cluster large; berry medium, black; ripens late.
Alvey.(Aest. Vin.)Hagar.From Dr. Harvey, of Hagerstown, Maryland. Brought to notice about 1860; in 1867 listed by the American Pomological Society but dropped in 1883. Medium in vigor, uncertainly productive, mildews; stamens reflexed; bunches medium, loose, shouldered; berries small, round, black; juicy, sweet, vinous; very good; skin thin; ripens early.
Amalia.(Lab. Rip.)Amelia.A cross between Rommel’s Faith and Ives; from F. E. L. Rautenberg, Lincoln, Illinois. Very hardy, healthy; leathery foliage; bunch above medium; berries medium, round, black; good quality; almost like Rogers’ Aminia.
Amanda.(Lab.) From Missouri, about 1868. Strong grower, productive; bunches large, compact, shouldered; berries large, black, blue bloom, hard pulp, thick skinned; poor quality; may be the same as August Pioneer.
Ambecon.(Linc. Lab. Rup.) Parentage, America crossed with Beacon; from Munson in 1897. Stamens reflexed; cluster large; berry medium, black; ripens late.
Amber.(Rip. Lab.)Rommel’s Amber.The same parentage as Elvira; from Jacob Rommel. Vigorous, hardy, moderately productive; bunches long, shouldered, somewhat loose; berry medium, oblong, pale amber; pulp tender, sweet, juicy; skin thin; season between Concord and Catawba.
Amberbonte.(Bourq. Linc. Rup.) A cross between America and Herbemont; from Munson. Vigorous and prolific; cluster very large; berry small to medium, dark red; skin thin, tough; flesh tender, juicy; fine quality; ripens with Herbemont.
American Hamburg.(Lab.) A large black grape pronounced a worthless Labrusca by Prince in 1863.
Amersion.(Linc. Lab. Rup.) Parentage, America pollinated by Profusion; from Munson in 1899. Stamens reflexed; cluster large; berry medium, black; ripens late.
Amonta.(Mont. Rup. Linc.) A seedling ofVitis monticolapollinated by America; from Munson in 1899. Cluster medium; berry medium, black; ripens late.
Amos.(Bourq. Lab. Vin.) A Delaware seedling grown in 1865 by W. W. Jones, Douglas County, Illinois. Vigorous, productive; berry medium; good keeper.
Amy.(Lab.) A seedling of Concord; from W. H. Lightfoot, Springfield, Illinois. Healthy, hardy; berries greenish-yellow; ripens with parent.
Andover.(Lab.) According to Mitzky, 1893, a black fox grape of no value.
Anida.Mentioned in theArkansas Experiment Station Reportfor 1890 as “a variety, the foliage of which was but little affected by the grape leaf folder.”
Anna.(Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Catawba; from Eli Hasbrouck, of Newburgh, New York, fruited in 1851 and later introduced by Dr. Grant of Iona. Resembles the Catawba in appearance of vine but is unhealthy and feeble; bunches medium, loose; berries medium, pale amber; meaty, vinous; ripens with Catawba.
Annie M.(Lab.) A chance seedling from L. C. Chisholm. Vigorous, unproductive; stamens upright; bunch medium, compact; berry medium, whitish-green; sweet; ripens with Diamond.
Anuta.(Linc. Rup. Lab.) Parentage, America crossed with Beacon; from Munson in 1899. Stamens reflexed; cluster large; berry large, black; ripens medium late.
Arbeka.(Linc. Lab. Rup.) Parentage, America crossed with Profusion; from Munson in 1899. Stamens erect; cluster large; berry medium, black; ripens late.
Archer.(Vin. Lab.?) A chance seedling which fruited about 1851 in the garden of Ellis S. Archer, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Foliage shows Vinifera; bunch above medium; berry medium, round, inclining to oval, greenish-white to amber; juicy, sweet; very good; ripens late.
Ariadne.(Vin. Rip. Lab.) A seedling of Clinton and a Vinifera; from Ricketts. Vine moderately vigorous; bunch small to medium, compact; berry small, round, black.
Arkansaw.(Lab.)Wells Seedling.From Joseph Hart, Fayetteville, Arkansas, in 1893. Vigorous, productive; bunch medium, moderately compact; berry medium to large, round, dull pink with minute red dots; sweet, very foxy; hardly fair in quality.
Armalaga.(Vin. Linc. Lab.) From Munson, about 1907, who gives it as a hybrid of Armlong and Malaga. Very vigorous, healthy; cluster large, compact; berry large, yellowish-green.
Armbrilong.(Linc. Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Armlong crossed with Brilliant; from Munson in 1899. Stamens erect; cluster very large; berry medium, red; ripens late.
Armlong.(Linc. Vin. Lab.) A hybrid of Ten-Dollar-Prize crossed with Black Eagle; from Munson. On account of its large clusters, used largely by the originator in crossing.
Aroma.(Lab.) Noted in theHermann Grape Nurseries Catalogfor 1906 as a new red variety; bunches medium; berries very large; fine aroma.
Arrold.(Lab. Vin.) According to Husmann in 1870, “so much like Cassady that it will not pay to cultivate the two.”
Atavite.(Lab.) A Concord seedling; from Munson, in 1885. Lacks vigor, unproductive; stamens erect; cluster small, irregular; berries small, black; good; very early; now discarded by Munson.
Atoka.(Linc. Rup. Bourq. Lab.) A cross-breed of America and Delaware; listed by Munson in 1899. Vigorous, healthy; clusters large, often with short shoulder, moderately compact; berries small to medium, globular, dark purplish-red; skin thin; juicy, sprightly; good.
Auburn Pearl.(Lab.) Noted by Dr. Parker of Ithaca, New York, as from a Mr. Cox of Auburn, New York. White; mild, sweet; early.
Aughwick.(Rip.) Found wild in the Aughwick Valley, Pennsylvania, by William A. Fraker of Shirleysburg. Resembles Clinton; berries larger and vine less productive.
August Coral.(Lab.) Noted by Prince in 1858 as from North Carolina. Hardy; berries bright red; early, sweet.
August Pioneer.(Lab.) Origin unknown; introduced about 1867. A coarse, large, black grape with firm, hard, pulpy flesh; early.
Augusta.(Lab.) A seedling of Concord; from T. B. Miner. Vigorous, hardy, unproductive; bunch medium; berries medium, white; fair quality; early.
Augusta.(Lab.) From a Mr. Broderick of St. Catherines, Ontario. Noted only as having been exhibited by Ontario at the World’s Fair in 1893.
Augustina.(Bourq. Lab. Vin.) By Munson; from Delaware, Goethe and Brilliant. Introduced in 1901 under the name Augusta but changed to the above. Vigorous, very prolific; cluster large; berry very large, translucent, carmine; pulp meaty, tender, juicy.
Australis.(Long.) A wild variety ofVitis longiifound by Munson on the Red River in Texas. Stamens reflexed; cluster small to medium; berry very small, black; ripens very early.
Auteonello.Mentioned in theOntario Fruit Growers’ Association Reportfor 1887 as a variety of medium vigor.
Avery Prolific.(Lab.?) Noted in theAmerican Horticultural Annualfor 1870 as a black grape received from John P. Avery, Norwich, Connecticut, and as very early, a great bearer, and of poor quality.
Avilla.(Aest.) Noted in theMissouri Horticultural Society Reportfor 1891 as a black grape of the same type and character as Cynthiana; a native of southern Kansas. Vigorous, productive, hardy, healthy; fruit black; sweet, sprightly, vinous.
Ayres Pride.(Lab. Vin.) From E. J. Ayres, Villa Ridge, Illinois, about 1890. Healthy; bunch large; berry large, black; quality best; resembles Norfolk.
Azure.(Aest.) Noted in theUnited States Department of Agriculture Reportfor 1893, as from J. S. Breece, Fayetteville, North Carolina. Cluster medium, cylindrical,small shoulders, moderately compact; berry medium to below, roundish, adhering firmly, black; meaty, sweet with pleasant aroma; season with Catawba.
Badart.(Linc. Lab. Vin.) Parentage, Ten-Dollar-Prize crossed with Triumph; from Munson in 1899. Stamens reflexed; cluster large; berry large; ripens late.
Bailey Prolific.(Lab.?) A Mr. Weis, in theIllinois Horticultural Society Reportfor 1865, speaks of Bailey Prolific. Productive, hardy, healthy, superior in flavor to Hartford. May be the same as Avery Prolific.
Bailie.From Samuel Bailie, of Virginia, about 1830. Fruit of medium size, red, free from pulp.
Baker.(Lab. Vin.) Mentioned by Mitzky in 1893 as a seedling of Isabella which it resembles.
Baldwin Lenoir.(Bourq.) A supposed seedling of Lenoir from Westchester, Pennsylvania. Foliage and habit of growth like Lincoln; bunch small, loose; berries small, black, sugary; a wine grape.
Balziger.(Lab. Aest.) A cross between Norton and Martha; from J. Balziger, Highland, Illinois. Of agreeable taste, ripens very late.
Balziger’s Concord Seedling No. 2.(Lab.) Resembles Concord; ripens later.
Balziger’s No. 32.(Lab.) A fine-flavored white Concord seedling; must 84°.
Baltimore Seedling.Noted in theUnited States Patent Office Reportfor 1845 as from Sidney Weller, Brinkleyville, North Carolina.
Barbara.From Theophile Huber. Moderately vigorous; shy bearer; bunch small and irregular; berry medium, greenish-white; sweet, rich, tender pulp; ripens with Agawam.
Barnes.(Lab. Vin.) From Parker Barnes, Boston, Massachusetts, about 1864. Bunches shouldered; berries medium, oval, black; sweet; good; in season with Hartford.
Barnes.(Champ.) A wild vine ofVitis champini; found in Bell County, Texas, by Munson. Stamens reflexed; clusters small; berry medium, black; ripens mid-season.
Baroness.(Lab.) From Dr. H. Schroeder, Bloomington, Illinois. Resembles Moore Early in vine and fruit.
Bartlett.(Lab.) A pale red variety found in the woods at Lexington, Massachusetts, by Elias Phinney. Pronounced a worthless Labrusca by Prince in 1863.
Bates.(Lab.) Given in theUnited States Department of Agriculture Reportfor 1869 as a Labrusca.
Bauchman Red Fox.(Lab.) Prince states in 1830 that he received this vine from C. Bauchman of Pennsylvania. Fruit of large size, resembling the common red fox in flavor and color.
Baxter.(Aest.) A southern grape considered worthless by Prince in 1863. Clusters large; berries small, black; season very late.
Bay State.(Vin. Rip. Lab.) From N. B. White; parents, Marion crossed byBlack Hamburg. Vigorous, hardy; bunch medium, shouldered; berry slightly oblong, red; juicy, sweet, sprightly; season early.
Beach.(Linc. Lab. Vin.) Parentage, Post-oak No. 3 crossed with Triumph; from Munson in 1889. Stamens reflexed; clusters large; berry medium, black; ripens early.
Beagle.(Rip. Lab.) A seedling of Elvira crossed with Ives; from Munson, about 1888. Vigorous, moderately productive; bunch medium, sometimes shouldered; berry small to medium, oblong, black with heavy bloom; pulp firm, sweet; ripens about with Moore Early.
Beansville.Mentioned by William Saunders of the United States Department of Agriculture in 1864, as not being worthy of further attention.
Beaufort.(Rot.) Given in theUnited States Department of Agriculture Reportfor 1871 as a cultivated variety of Rotundifolia.
Beauty of Minnesota.(Lab. Bourq.) From J. C. Kramer of La Crescent, Minnesota, about 1866; supposed parents, Delaware and Concord. Vigorous, healthy; bunch large, compact, often shouldered; berry greenish-yellow; good; ripens early.
Beaverdam.(Lab.? Vin.?) Prince, in 1830, gives this variety as from Virginia, and states that vine and fruit resemble Bland.
Beeby Black.Described in theIllinois Horticultural Society Reportfor 1897 as more productive than Moore Early; bunch and berry not as large; ripens a little earlier; hardly as good.
Belinda.(Lab.) From T. B. Miner; a white seedling of Concord with large, juicy, sweet, slightly foxy fruit; ripens shortly after Lady.
Belton.(Champ. Vin. Lab. Bourq.) Parentage, De Grasset crossed with Brilliant; from Munson. Stamens erect; cluster medium; berry medium, black; ripens medium early.
Belvidere.(Lab.) Supposed to be a seedling of Concord or Hartford from Belvidere, Illinois; brought to notice by Dr. L. L. Lake in 1870. Resembles the Hartford in vine and fruit; early.
Belvin.(Linc. Rip. Lab.) From Munson. Very strong grower; large, loose, oblong bunches; berries medium, black with blue bloom; quality fair; ripens very late.
Ben.(Linc. Aest. Lab.) A seedling of Ten-Dollar-Prize crossed with Norton; from Munson in 1889. Stamens reflexed; cluster large; berry medium, black; ripens late.
Ben Hur.(Linc. Aest. Lab. Bourq.) A combination of Post-oak with Norton and Herbemont; from Munson. Exhibited at the American Pomological Society in 1903 and introduced about 1904. Vigorous, prolific, healthy; cluster large, rather loose; berry small, black; shells; good; ripens late.
Benjamin.(Lab.) From W. H. Lightfoot, Springfield, Illinois; offspring of Northern Muscadine. Vigorous; cluster large, loose to compact; berry large, black with blue bloom, pulpy; flavor similar to Woodruff; ripens with Concord.
Berks.(Lab. Vin.)Lehigh.A seedling of Catawba; from Berks County, Pennsylvania, about 1863. Vigorous, vine similar to parent; bunch large, shouldered, compact; berry large, red; of Catawba flavor.
Berlaussel.(Berland. Linc. Lab.) A seedling ofVitis berlandieriand Laussel; from Munson. Stamens reflexed; clusters large; berry medium, purple; ripens very late.
Berlin.(Lab.) A seedling of Concord; from Geo. Hosford, Ionia, Michigan. Vigorous, hardy, unproductive; bunch large, small-shouldered; berry medium to large, round, greenish-yellow; sweet, vinous, with slight foxiness; quality fair to good; ripens mid-season.
Bertha.(Lab.) From Theophile Huber, Illinois City, Illinois; about 1892. Vigorous; self-fertile; clusters medium to large, compact; berry medium, white with yellowish tinge; of fair quality; ripens with Worden.
Bertha.(Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Roenbeck; from Fred Roenbeck, Bayonne, New Jersey. Bunch and berries not as large as the parent; white; sweet; of fair quality.
Beta.(Lab. Rip.?) A cross between Carver and Concord; from L. Snelter, Carver, Minnesota. Very hardy, productive; fruit of fair quality; early.
Beta.A Labrusca-Vinifera hybrid given by theCanada Experimental Farms Report, 1896, as originating in London, Ontario. A table grape, neither large nor attractive.
Bettina.(Vin. Lab. Rip.) Parentage, Hartford crossed with Muscat Hamburg; from G. W. Campbell, Delaware, Ohio. In appearance and quality intermediate between the two parents.
Big Berry.(Linc.)Big Bunch; Great Cluster?A variety of the north Texas glaucous form of Lincecumii considerably used by Munson in his breeding work. It is characterized by great vigor of vine and large bunch and berry. One parent of Bailey, Collier, R. W. Munson, and many others.
Big Black.(Linc. Lab.) From Munson. Vigorous; bunches large, loose to compact, shouldered; berries very large, black, similar to Concord in appearance; poor in quality; ripens after Concord; good shipper.
Big Cluster.(Mont.) A variety ofVitis monticola; found by Munson in Bell County, Texas. Stamens reflexed; cluster large to medium; berry small, purple; ripens very late.
Big Hope.(Linc. Lab. Vin.) From Munson, about 1889; parents, Big Berry crossed with Triumph. Vigorous; clusters medium to large, variable in compactness; berries small to medium, purplish; fair in quality.
Big Ozark.(Lab.) In 1863, Prince noted this as a worthless Labrusca.
Bird’s Egg.(Lab. Vin.) Downing, in 1869, described Bird’s Egg as follows: “Bunch long, pointed; berry long, oval, whitish, with brown specks; flesh pulpy; only good as a curiosity.” Resembles Catawba.
Bishop.(Lab. Vin.) A chance seedling from D. Bishop, Leavenworth, Kansas, about 1905. A supposed offspring of Brighton fertilized by Diamond. Fruit much like Diamond in color and size but less compact; ripens with Winchell.
Bismarck.(Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Brighton; produced by F. E. L. Rautenberg, of Lincoln, Illinois. Almost a reproduction of its parent except that it is hardier.
Bismarck.(Lab.?) A chance seedling from Fred Roenbeck, Bayonne, New Jersey. Healthy, vigorous, productive; bunch large; berries large, black, agreeable aroma.
Black Bear.Mentioned inTexas Station Bulletin No. 48, 1898, as “hardly desirable”; bunch oblong, loose; berries size of Lenoir, black with blue bloom; acid but rather pleasant; self-sterile; ripens mid-season.
Black Claret.(Lab.) Noted by W. R. Prince in 1863 as a worthless Labrusca.
Black Cluster.A very hardy, very productive, black, medium-sized native raised at an early day in the Northwest.
Black Delaware.(Lab. Bourq. Vin.) A seedling of Delaware raised by Rommel of Missouri over thirty years ago. Fruit resembles Delaware very closely except for the color which is black. Vine mildews in some neighborhoods.
Black Heart.(Vin. Rip. Lab.) Parentage, Marion crossed with Black Hamburg; originated by N. B. White of Norwood, Massachusetts; exhibited at the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1872. Berry medium; sweet and juicy.
Black Herbemont.(Bourq. Aest.? Lab.?) Either a Herbemont seedling or Herbemont crossed with Norton; from Munson, in 1893. Vigorous, productive, healthy; stamens upright; clusters large, loose; berry small, black; poor quality; ripens late.
Black King.(Rip. Lab.?) First noticed by Prince in 1863, who describes it as an early, small, good table and wine grape. Fuller received the variety from Bucks County, Pennsylvania, and inRecord of Horticulturefor 1868 he writes: “Said to be a fox grape; but the specimen vines we received from a very reliable source, have persisted in bearing Clinton grapes.”
Black Madeira.(Vin. Rip. Lab.)Madeira. Parentage, Marion crossed with Black Hamburg; originated by N. B. White; exhibited before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1873. Large, open bunch; berry very small; sprightly flavor; good.
Black Rose.(Lab. Vin.) Parentage, Concord crossed with Salem; raised by Rautenberg, of Lincoln, Illinois, in 1884. Vine resembles Concord, hardy, subject to mildew; bunch similar to Concord; berries large, black; of fine flavor.
Black September.(Rip.?) Given in theUnited States Patent Office Reportfor 1860 as a small, juicy, unproductive native grape under test by the Department of Agriculture.
Blackstone.(Lab.) An early black grape of poor quality, pronounced a worthless Labrusca by Prince in 1863.
Black Taylor.(Rip. Lab.)Rommel’s No. 19.From Rommel, about 1882; similar to Montefiore.
Black Tennessee.(Aest.) According toGardener’s Monthly, 1859: Bunch large, long, shouldered, compact; berries medium, brownish-crimson with blue bloom; very juicy, sweet.
Black Virginia.(Rip.) A wild frost grape of Virginia; said to have been disseminated by Peter Raabe as the Emily.
Blackwood.(Lab. Vin. Bourq.) Parentage, Delago by Governor Ireland; from Munson, in 1897. Stamens erect; cluster large; berry large, black; ripens early.
Blanco.(Rip. Vin. Lab.) Seedling of Elvira crossed with Triumph; from Munson. Unproductive, self-sterile; cluster medium, cylindrical, loose; berry medium, oval, purple with blue bloom, moderately juicy, somewhat vinous, sweet; good; season about with Concord.
Bland.(Lab. Vin.)Bland’s Fox;Bland’s Madeira;Bland’s Pale Red;Bland’s Virginia;Carolina Powel;Powell;Red Bland;Red Scuppernong;Rose Grape;Virginia Muscadell. An old variety brought to notice by Colonel Bland of Virginia in the latter part of the eighteenth century. Moderately vigorous; leaves lobed, light green, smooth, delicate; cluster long, loose, often with imperfect berries; berries large, round; pedicels long; skin thick, light red to dark purple; flesh pulpy, sprightly, slightly foxy; ripens late. Many of the early authorities consider Bland a probable Vinifera hybrid on account of its resemblance to the European Chasselas.
Blondin.(Bourq. Aest. Linc. Lab.) A combination of Ten-Dollar-Prize, Post-oak, Norton and Herbemont; from Munson in 1899. Very vigorous, prolific; cluster large, compact, shouldered; berry medium, white, translucent; juicy, sprightly, acid; ripens with Catawba.
Blood.(Linc. Bourq.) A seedling of Lincecumii fertilized with Herbemont; from Munson. Moderate in vigor and productiveness; bunch small to medium, compact; berry small, black, juicy, with a sprightly subacid flavor, seedy; ripens a week later than Concord.
Blood Black.(Lab.) From a Mr. Blood, Newburyport, Massachusetts, about 1854. Hardy, vigorous, productive; bunch medium, compact; berry medium, round, black; sweet, with strong, foxy flavor; ripens early.
Blood White.(Lab.) From Blood, Newburyport, Massachusetts, about 1854. A red grape with the same general characters as Blood Black.
Blue Dyer.(Rip.) According toBushberg Catalogue, 1883: Bunch medium; berries small, black.
Blue Favorite.(Aest.?)Purple Favorite.From Georgia, about 1825 or earlier. Very vigorous, resembling Cunningham but not so prolific; cluster large, conical; berries small, round, black; juicy, vinous; good; ripens with Herbemont.
Blue Imperial.(Lab.) Described by Downing in 1869 as follows: “Vigorous, healthy, unproductive; bunch medium, short; berry large, round, black, hard pulp; poor in quality; ripens with Hartford.”
Boadicea.(Lab. Vin.) A cross of Telegraph with Black Hamburg; from Chas. J. Copley, Stapleton, New York. Of medium vigor; bunch medium, compact; berry oval; meaty, sweet with a rich, aromatic flavor; good keeper; ripens with Isabella.
Boadicea.(Lab.) A Concord seedling; from T. B. Miner of New Jersey. Vigorous, unproductive; bunch small; berry small, white.
Bokchito.(Linc. Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Early Purple crossed with Brilliant; from Munson in 1899. Stamens erect; cluster large; berry medium, black; ripens mid-season.
Bonne Madame.Listed with varieties which ripened earliest at the Experimental Farms, Canada, in 1905.
Bottsi.(Bourq.) From South Carolina. Very vigorous, productive; bunch very large, loose; berry below medium, light to dark pink, susceptible to black-rot. Very similar to Herbemont and names by some believed to be synonymous.
Boulevard.(Lab. Vin.) From A. Koeth, Charlotte, New York; Concord crossed with Brighton. Vigorous, productive; bunch large, compact, shouldered; berry medium, round, greenish-white; juicy, sweet, vinous; ripens with Concord.
Bowman.(Lab.) Described inMagazine of Horticulture, 1863, by Prince as a dark purple, early table grape of good quality.
Braddock.(Lab.) W. R. Prince, inMagazine of Horticulturefor 1863, notes this as a purplish, early sweet table grape; hardy and adapted to New England.
Bradley.(Lab. Vin.?) Described by A. C. Hubbard of Troy, Michigan, in theUnited States Patent Office Reportfor 1849 as a grape of the Isabella type but three or four weeks earlier.
Braendly.(Lab.? Vin.?) From Illinois. Very weak, unproductive; stamens upright; bunch small, irregularly loose; berry small, yellow; of poor quality; ripens with Cynthiana.
Brand White.(Lab. Vin.) Resembles Cassady; exhibited before the Mississippi Valley Grape Growers’ Association in 1867.
Breck.(Lab.) Exhibited before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1855 by Thomas Waterman who gave it the above name. Resembles Winne. Hardy; early.
Bridgewater.(Lab.) Supposed to be a sport of Worden, received at this Station in 1901 from J. B. Tuckerman, Cassville, New York. Very similar to Worden but said by the originator to be a week or ten days earlier.
Brunk.(Linc. Vin. Lab.) A seedling of Lincecumii crossed with Triumph; from Texas. Medium in vigor and productiveness; stamens upright; bunch medium, irregularly loose; berry medium, black; poor quality; susceptible to black-rot.
Buist.(Lab. Vin.) Supposed to be a cross between Catawba and Brighton; from H. B. Buist, Greenville, South Carolina, about 1878. Vigorous, hardy, inclined to mildew; late in ripening.
Bumper.(Linc. Aest. Lab.) Post-oak crossed with Norton; from Texas. Very vigorous; stamens reflexed; bunch large, irregular, very loose; berry medium, black; of poor quality; susceptible to black-rot; season with Cynthiana.
Buncombe.(Lab.) A variety ofVitis labruscafound in North Carolina and used by Munson in his breeding work. Stamens reflexed; cluster small; berry large, black; ripens mid-season.
Bundy.(Lab.) A black seedling of Concord from the same lot of seeds as Colerain; from David Bundy, Colerain, Ohio. Vigorous, productive, hardy, healthy; bunch and berry resemble parent in appearance and quality; ripens with Moore Early.
Burlington.Given inAmerican Farmer, 1822, as a New Jersey grape of high quality.
Burlington.(Lab.) A seedling from A. Taylor, Burlington, Vermont, about 1871. Reported hardy in northern New England and equal to Adirondac as a table grape.
Burnet.(Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Hartford crossed with Black Hamburg; from P. C. Dempsey, Albury, Prince Edward County, Ontario. Vigorous, productive, mildews; stamens reflexed; cluster large, shouldered, loose; berry large, oval, black; juicy; earlier than Concord.
Burroughs.(Rip. Lab.?) According to Downing, 1869, from Vermont. Vine like Clinton; bunch small; berry round, black with thick bloom; harsh, acid; ripens earlier than Isabella.
Burrows No. 42C.(Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Concord crossed with Jefferson; from J. G. Burrows, Fishkill, New York, received at this Station in 1888. Sometimes unproductive; bunch medium, very compact, handsome; berry medium or above, dark red with lilac bloom; juicy, sweet, tender, slightly vinous, fine flavor; ripens about with Concord.
Burton Early.(Lab.) Downing notes in 1869: A large, early grape; unworthy of culture.
Bush.(Bourq. Linc.) Parentage, Herbemont crossed with a Post-oak; from Munson. Stamens erect; cluster medium; berry medium, black; ripens very late.
Bushberg.(Aest. Lab.) A seedling of Willie crossed with an Aestivalis; from Dr. L. C. Chisholm, Tennessee. Aestivalis characters are predominant in both vine and fruit. Described by the originator as vigorous, healthy; clusters above medium, long, loose, shouldered; berries large, oblong, black, adherent; sprightly, vinous, tender; ripens about with Concord.
Cabot.(Lab. Vin.)Stetson No. 1.A seedling from A. W. Stetson, Braintree, Massachusetts, about 1853; a cross of a native Labrusca and Grizzly Frontignan. Bunch long, firm, short shoulder; berries medium, round, black with thick bloom; skin thick; musky, sweet.
Cairnano.Tested by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1864 and discarded as worthless.
California Rosea.Described by Warder in 1867 as: “Bunch large, compact; berry large, round, black, sweet.”
California White.Noted by Warder in 1867. Bunch full, medium; berry large, yellow; very fine.
Calloway.(Bourq. Vin.?) Possibly a synonym of Ruckland. Vigorous, healthy, productive; cluster small to medium, compact; berries medium, oval, red; skin thin, tough; quality good; ripens very late.
Calypso.(Lab. Vin.) Produced by Chas. J. Copley, of Stapleton, New York, from seed of Lady crossed with Secretary; fruited in 1887. Hardy, strong in growth; bunches large, heavily shouldered; berries large, black; juicy, vinous; good; ripens with or after Concord.
Camaks.Found growing in the garden of James Camaks, about 1847. Bunch shouldered, long, loose, tapering; berries small, round, brownish-red; flesh tender, melting, sweet; good.
Cambridge.(Lab.) Originated in the garden of Francis Houghton, Cambridge, Massachusetts, about 1867. Vigorous; bunch large, shouldered, compact; berry large, black, covered with heavy bloom; similar to Concord; ripens four days earlier.
Camden.(Lab.) Bunch medium; berry large, greenish-white; flesh with hard center, acid; poor.
Canaan.Mentioned in theUnited States Patent Office Reportin 1843, as one of the varieties grown at that time.
Canby.(Lab. Vin.) From W. Canby, Wilmington, Delaware; probably a seedling of Isabella, brought to notice about 1852. Hardy, vigorous; cluster medium size, compact; berry medium size, purple; flavor sweet; quality “best.”
Canonicus.(Lab. Vin.) From D. S. Marvin, Watertown, New York, about 1888. Vigorous and productive; stamens upright; bunch loose, medium; berry medium, round, pale green, translucent, whitish bloom; skin thin; pulp sweet, tender, juicy, sprightly; ripens with Concord.
Cape May Prolific.Large Blue English.Mentioned by Prince in 1863 in a list of varieties inGardener’s Monthly.
Capital.(Lab.) Given inBushberg Cataloguein 1894 as a white Concord seedling raised by W. H. Lightfoot of Illinois.
Carlotte.(Lab.) Produced by T. B. Miner of Linden, New Jersey, from seed of Concord. Vigorous, hardy; greenish-white; good.
Carminet.(Bourq.?) Bunches small, ragged; berries small, black; sweet; skin and pulp tender.
Carolina Blue Muscadine.Jones’ Perfumed.Mentioned by Prince inGardener’s Monthly, 1863.
Caroline.Carolina.Said by Husmann in 1871 to be the same as Concord.
Carter.(Lab. Vin.?) An old variety mentioned as early as 1831; a seedling of Isabella. Bunch large, shouldered; berries large, round, black, heavy bloom; good, very similar to Isabella with which it ripens.
Carter.(Lab.)Mammoth Globe.A large-fruited red Labrusca used by Rogers.
Carver.Given as one of the parents of Beta. Not described.
Case.(Rip.) Mentioned by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1869.
Case Crystal.(Lab.) Noted in theUnited States Patent Office Reportfor 1859 as a reliable variety for New England.
Caspar.(Bourq.) A seedling of Louisiana; from A. Caspar of New Orleans, supposed to be a cross with Herbemont. Vigorous; cluster medium, compact; berries brownish-red, small; juice white; good; ripens late.
Cassady.(Lab. Vin.)Arcott;Arnott;Arrott. A chance seedling from H. P. Cassady, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; fruited in 1852. Medium in vigor, productive; stamens upright; cluster medium, compact, sometimes shouldered; berry medium, round, greenish-white, covered with white bloom; skin thick, tough; flesh juicy, tender, pleasant; very good; ripens with Catawba.
Catarobe.Mentioned in theHorticulturistof 1850 as growing well in Illinois.
Catherine.(Lab. Vin.) From Gen. N. M. Waterman of Hartford, Connecticut, 1854. Clusters small, compact, firm; berries medium, slightly oval, green, translucent; skin thin; pulp soft, sweet, well flavored, foxy.
Catoosa.(Linc. Vin. Lab. Bourq.?) Parentage, Lucky crossed with Carman; from Munson in 1899. Stamens erect; cluster large; berry medium, black; ripens late.
Caywood No. 1.(Lab. Vin. Bourq.) From A. J. Caywood, Marlboro, New York; a red seedling of Poughkeepsie fertilized with Iona.
Caywood No. 50.(Lab. Vin.) From A. J. Caywood, about 1888. Vigorous, healthy, productive; stamens upright; cluster medium, compact, often shouldered; berry large, roundish, black with abundant bloom; shatters; skin thick, tender; pulp juicy, sweet, tough, vinous; good; ripens a little before Worden.
Chambersburg White.Mentioned inGardener’s Monthlyin 1863 in a list of worthless varieties.
Chambril.(Champ. Lab. Vin. Bourq.) Parentage,Vitis champinicrossed with Brilliant; from Munson. Stamens upright; cluster medium or above; berry small, purplish-black, thin bloom; skin thin, tough; pulp tender, not juicy, vinous; good.
Champanel.(Champ. Lab.) Parents,Vitis champinicrossed with Worden; from Munson. Vigorous; clusters large, conical; berries globular, large, black; season with Concord.
Champovo.(Champ. Vin. Lab. Bourq.) Parentage, De Grasset crossed with Brilliant; from Munson. Stamens reflexed; cluster medium; berry large, black; ripens mid-season.
Chandler.(Lab.) A chance seedling from N. M. Chandler, Ottawa, Kansas, about 1886; probably from Worden. Vigorous, productive; stamens upright; cluster medium, shouldered, compact; berry above medium, round, rich yellow; good.
Chapin.Noted inGardener’s Monthly, 1863, as worthless.
Charles.(Rip. Lab.?) Mentioned by Joseph Hobbins about 1869 as having been injured by winter; exhibited at Wisconsin State Fair that year. Resembles Clinton.
Charles A. Green.A white grape originated by P. W. Loudon, Janesville, Wisconsin; introduced by the Chas. A. Green Nursery Company of Rochester, New York. Said to be “a vigorous grower, and an enormous yielder of very large and beautiful clusters of excellent fruit.”
Charlotte.(Lab. Vin.) From Edmund Ward, Kelleys Island, Ohio; a seedling of Catawba. Bunch medium, not shouldered; berries medium, roundish, pale red; flesh tender, sweet, vinous; skin thick; season with Delaware.
Charlton.(Vin. Lab.) A cross between Brighton and Mills; from John Charlton, Rochester, New York; fruited about 1893. Vigorous, productive, hardy; clusters large, generally well shouldered, compact; berry large to medium, roundish-oval, dark red; skin rather thin, tough; pulp meaty, tender releases seeds easily; juicy, sweet, rich, vinous; ripens a week before Concord; keeps well; promising.
Charter Oak.(Lab. Aest.) A large coarse, foxy grape from Connecticut. Vigorous, hardy; canes long with blue bloom; tendrils continuous; clusters small, loose; berries large, roundish, dull dark amber; shatter; flesh soft, tough, foxy; fair quality; ripens with Concord.
Chavoush.Exhibited before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1868. Productive; bunch large; berry large, oval, white; keeps well.
Cheowa.Noted in theUnited States Department of Agriculture Reportfor 1863 as a variety to be discarded.
Cherokee.(Aest. Lab.) From Stayman, of Kansas; the same parentage as Ozark. Vigorous; free from rot and mildew; bunch large, compact; berry medium, black; tender, juicy, sweet; season with Cynthiana.
Chicago.(Lab.) A chance seedling found in Lincoln, Illinois, by F. E. L. Rautenberg. Vigorous, productive, hardy; bunch medium, sometimes double; berries medium, round; skin tough; color red resembling Delaware; sweet, rich; ripens early; ships well.
Chidester’s Seedlings.Produced by C. P. Chidester, Battle Creek, Michigan, about thirty years ago. All are apparently second generation Vinifera-native hybrids. Theyare of high quality but all seem to have some weakness which makes their permanent popularity doubtful. These varieties appear to have become confused, as the Michigan Experiment Station Bulletins, our chief source of information, have published contradictory descriptions in different places.
No. 1.See Lyon.
No. 2.(Lab. Vin.) Moderately vigorous, hardy; stamens reflexed; cluster medium, compact; berry medium, round, dark red; flesh soft, sweet, vinous; good; ripens early; shatters somewhat.
No. 3.Vigorous; cluster large, loose, shouldered; berry large, dark purple; flesh firm, juicy, sweet; keeps well.
No. 4.Vigorous; cluster medium, roundish, shouldered, loose; berries large, round, nearly black; flesh tender, vinous; good; ripens just after Concord.
Chillicothe.(Lab. Vin.) From Ohio. Mentioned in theUnited States Department of Agriculture Reportin 1863. Bunch long, loose; berry medium, oval, dark purple.
Chippewa.Found growing on the banks of Chippewa Creek, Ontario; described in 1858 by W. H. Read. Bunch large, compact, heavily shouldered; berry medium, black; flesh tender, sweet, good.
Chisholm’s Seedlings.Produced by Dr. L. C. Chisholm, Spring Hill, Tennessee. Of his named sorts there are: Annie M., Bushberg, Delawba, Gilt Edge, La Marie, Lutie, and Willie, the best known being Lutie. The following unnamed seedlings from Chisholm have been tested and described:
No. 1.(Bourq. Lab. Vin.) A Delaware seedling. Weak, healthy; stamens reflexed; cluster small, very loose; berry medium, purple; quality poor; ripens with Worden.
No. 3.(Bourq. Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Delaware. Medium in vigor, healthy; stamens upright; cluster small, compact; berry small, reddish-purple; quality fair; ripens with Worden.
No. 4.(Bourq. Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Delaware. Vigorous; cluster medium size; berries light green, sprightly, vinous; good; ripens with Delaware.
No. 5.(Bourq. Lab. Vin.) A Delaware seedling. Moderately vigorous; berry light red; good quality; ripens just before Concord.
No. 6.(Bourq. Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Delaware. Weak, apparently healthy, a shy bearer; stamens reflexed; cluster small, loose; berry medium, purple; fair quality; ripens with Worden; not a good keeper.
No. 8.(Bourq. Lab. Vin.) A Delaware seedling. Vigorous, hardy, productive; cluster medium; berry medium, black; very good; ripens with Moore Early.
No. 9.(Aest.) Moderately vigorous, attacked somewhat by black-rot, hardy; stamens upright; cluster medium; berry medium, red; quality hardly fair; ripens with Concord.
Chocolate.Mentioned in a list of worthless varieties inGardener’s Monthlyin 1863.
Choteau.(Linc. Vin. Lab. Bourq.?) Parentage, Lucky crossed with Carman; from Munson in 1899. Stamens erect; cluster large; berry medium, black; ripens late.
Church Seedling.(Lab.) From Dr. Durfee, Fall River, Massachusetts; a seedling of a wild grape unworthy of cultivation.
Claret.(Rip.) From Charles Carpenter, Kelleys Island, Ohio. Vigorous; bunch and berry medium; claret red; acid; resembles Clinton.
Clarissa.(Lab. Vin.) A white seedling of Salem; from F. E. L. Rautenberg, Lincoln, Illinois.
Clark.(Lab. Vin.) From J. S. Phelps, Washington, District of Columbia. Cluster of medium length, sometimes shouldered, compact; berry medium, oval, dull red, heavy bloom; sweet, foxy.
Clark Seedling.(Lab.) From a Mr. Clark of Framingham, Massachusetts; described inMagazine of Horticulturein 1861. Hardy and early; bunch loose; berry reddish; quality excellent.
Clarkes.Mentioned by Prince in 1830 as being grown in Virginia. Bunch and berry large; early; keeps well.
Claude.(Lab.) From Georgia. Vigorous; stamens upright; bunch medium, loose; berry large, black; poor quality; ripens a little before Norton.
Cleopatra.(Lab. Rip.) Parentage, Ives crossed with Faith; from F. E. L. Rautenberg, Lincoln, Illinois. Vigorous, hardy, productive; bunch and berry medium; black; early.
Clifton.(Lab. Vin.) Parents, Telegraph crossed with White Frontignan; from C. J. Copley, Stapleton, New York. Vigorous, productive; bunch large, compact; berries white, large; ripens in September.
Climax.(Lab. Vin.) A seedling from A. Reisinger of Naples, New York, about 1883; supposed to be a seedling of Catawba. Vigorous; berry medium to large, red; tender, sweet, sprightly; ripens with Concord.
Clinton-Vialia.(Rip.) Probably identical with Franklin. Used in France as a grafting stock.
Cloantha.(Vin. Lab.) An Isabella seedling from Kentucky. Vigorous; berry black, small; foxy.
Clover Street Black.(Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Diana crossed with Black Hamburg; from Jacob Moore. Bunches large, compact; berries large, round, black; flesh tender, sweet, ripens with Concord.
Clover Street Red.(Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Diana crossed with Black Hamburg; from Jacob Moore. Vigorous; berries large, roundish-oval, crimson; Diana flavor and season.
Cluster.Mentioned in theUnited States Patent Office Report, 1852, as a native grape.
Clyde.(Lab.? Vin.?) From John Burr, Leavenworth, Kansas. Bunch medium, compact; berry large, red; tender, juicy, sweet.
Cochee.(Lab. Bourq.) From John Burr, Leavenworth, Kansas, 1887. Vigorous; tendrils intermittent; cluster medium to small, compact; berry medium, dark red, lilac bloom; flesh tender, fine, vinous, sweet; good; ripens about with Concord.
Coe.(Lab.) From Iowa. Hardy, vigorous; cluster small, compact, rarely shouldered; berries small to medium, black; a week earlier than Concord.
Colesvine.(Lab.? Vin.?) Enumerated in a list of unpromising grapes for North Carolina by Sidney Weller in 1845.
Collier.(Linc. Lab.)Big Red; Dr. Collier.A seedling of Post-oak by Concord; from Munson. Vigorous, productive; tendrils intermittent; stamens upright; cluster medium to large, variable in compactness; berries large, roundish, dark reddish-purple, heavy bloom; flesh tender, fine-grained, vinous, nearly sweet; quality good; ripens just after Concord.
Collina.Hill Grape of Ohio.Listed by Prince inGardeners’ Monthlyin 1863.
Colorado.From John Gravestock, Canon City, Colorado. Vigorous; cluster medium, long, shouldered, compact; berries medium; sweet, tender; late.
Colp.(Lab.) A wild vine ofVitis labruscafound in Maryland and used by Munson. Stamens depressed; cluster medium; berry large, white; ripens mid-season.
Columbia.(Rip.) Said to have been found by Major Adlum on his farm at Georgetown, District of Columbia, previous to 1830. Vigorous, productive; cluster small, loose; berries round, black, small; quality poor.
Columbia.(Lab.) From J. T. C. Clark, Washington, before 1883. Vigorous; cluster and berry medium, white; good; late.
Columbian.Originated about the same time as Columbian Imperial and probably identical with it. The literature of the two is so confused, Columbian Imperial having been sold as Columbian, that it is impossible to determine whether they are distinct.
Columbus.(Bourq. Aest. Rip.) From John Hertlein, Spielerville, Arkansas; parents, Delaware and Norton. Vigorous; bunches large, nearly compact; berries medium, black; sweet, pleasant flavor; ripens with Delaware.
Compacta.(Bourq. Vin. Lab.) A seedling of Herbemont crossed with Triumph; from Munson. Stamens erect; cluster large; berry small, white; ripens very late. Now discarded by originator.
Concord Chasselas.(Vin. Lab.) From G. W. Campbell, Delaware, Ohio, 1881; a cross between Golden Chasselas and Concord. Vigorous; cluster long, moderately compact, sometimes shouldered; berries large, oval, greenish-white; pure flavor; good; ripens with Concord.
Concord Muscat.(Vin. Lab.) A seedling of Concord crossed with Muscat; from G. W. Campbell. Vigorous; cluster compact, long, sometimes shouldered; berries large,oval, light greenish-white; flesh tender and melting; quality very good; ripens with Concord.
Concordia.(Lab. Bourq.) From Dr. J. Stayman, Leavenworth, Kansas. Vigorous, hardy; bunch large, compact; berry large, black; pulp tender, juicy, sweet, vinous; very good; ripens about with Concord.
Conelva.(Lab. Rip.) A seedling of Concord crossed with Elvira; from Munson. Vigorous, hardy; stamens upright; cluster medium, compact; berry medium, round, black; quality fair; ripens with Cottage.
Connecticut.Mentioned by Prince in a list of worthless varieties inGardener’s Monthlyfor 1863.
Connecticut Seedling.Cited in theIllinois Horticultural Society Reportfor 1868 as a promising table grape.
Conqueror.(Vin. Lab.) From Rev. Archer Moore, New Jersey, about 1868; supposed by him to be a cross between Concord and Royal Muscadine. Vigorous; stamens upright; bunch medium, loose; berries medium, oval, black, pulpy; quality fair; ripens about with Concord.
Cooper Wine.From Joseph Cooper, Gloucester County, New Jersey, about 1800. Vigorous; berry round, medium, purple; quality fair.
Copley’s Hybrids.Chas. J. Copley of Stapleton, Staten Island, New York, about thirty years ago originated and exhibited a large number of hybrid grapes. His productions were chiefly the result of fertilizing cultivated American varieties with pollen of standard Viniferas, particularly the White Frontignan. His seedlings which received names are Boadicea, Calypso, Clifton, Cornelia, Daphne, D’Elboux, Lulie, Mineola, Paragon, and Zelia. They show too many Vinifera weaknesses, particularly a tendency to mildew, to become popular. None of them was ever introduced.