14. King and Boar.
Evil communications corrupt good manners.
Jātaka 186: ii. 101-106.
On a certain occasion the Teacher addressed the monks as follows: “Monks, contact with the corrupt is a bad thing, an injurious thing. Indeed, why should it be necessary to discuss the injurious effect on human beings of contact with the corrupt, when in times past even a senseless mango tree, with flavor as sweet as the flavor of celestial fruit, through contact with sour, unpalatable nimbs, turned sour and bitter?”
On a certain occasion the Teacher addressed the monks as follows: “Monks, contact with the corrupt is a bad thing, an injurious thing. Indeed, why should it be necessary to discuss the injurious effect on human beings of contact with the corrupt, when in times past even a senseless mango tree, with flavor as sweet as the flavor of celestial fruit, through contact with sour, unpalatable nimbs, turned sour and bitter?”
Intimes past, when Brahmadatta ruled at Benāres, four Brahman brothers in the kingdom of Kāsi adopted the life of ascetics, and building a row of leaf-huts in the Himālaya region, took up their abode there. The eldest of the four brothers died and was reborn as Sakka, king of gods. Knowing who he had been, he went from time to time, every seven or eight days, and ministered to his former brothers.
One day he saluted the eldest ascetic, sat down on one side, and asked: “Reverend Sir, is there anything you need?” The ascetic, who was suffering from jaundice, said: “I need fire.” Sakka gave him a little hatchet. Said the ascetic: “Who will takethis and fetch me wood?” Then Sakka said to him: “When, Reverend Sir, you need wood, just rub this hatchet with your hand and say: ‘Please fetch me wood and make me a fire.’ And the hatchet will fetch wood, make a fire, and turn it over to you.”
Having given him the little hatchet, Sakka went to the second ascetic and asked: “Reverend Sir, what do you need?” Past his leaf-hut ran an elephant-track. Since the elephants bothered him, he said: “The elephants annoy me; drive them away.” Sakka presented a drum to him, saying, “Reverend Sir, if you beat this side, your enemies will flee; if you beat that, they will become kindly disposed and will surround you with a fourfold army.”
Having given him the drum, Sakka went to the youngest ascetic and asked: “Reverend Sir, what do you want?” He also was afflicted with jaundice; therefore he said: “I want curds.” Sakka gave him a bowl of curds, saying: “If you invert this and make a wish, the curds will turn into a mighty river, will set flowing a mighty flood, and will even be able to get and give you a kingdom.” So saying, he went his way.
From that time on the little hatchet made fire for the eldest brother; when the second brother beat the drum, the elephants fled; the youngest brother enjoyed his curds.
At that time a boar, rooting among the ruins of a village, caught sight of a gem endowed with magical power. He bit the gem, and by its magical power rose into the air. Seeing a little island in mid-ocean, he thought: “There now is the place for me to live.” So he descended and made his home in a pleasant place under a fig tree.
One day the boar lay down at the foot of that tree, placed the gem in front of him, and fell asleep.
Now a certain man who lived in the kingdom of Kāsi, driven from home by his mother and father with the remark, “He’s no good to us,” went to a certain seaport, hired himself out to mariners, and embarked on a ship. In mid-ocean the ship sprang a leak, and he floated to that island on a plank. While seeking wild fruits he saw that boar. Creeping up, he seized the gem. By its magical power he rose into the air. Seating himself on the fig tree, he thought: “This boar, become an air-voyager by the magical power of this gem, lives here, I suppose. But I must not go back without first of all killing him and eating his flesh.” He broke off a twig and let it fall on the boar’s head. The boar woke up, but not seeing the gem, ran this way and that, all of a tremble. The man sitting in the tree laughed. The boar looked, and seeing him, ran his head against the tree, and died then and there. The man came down,made a fire, and cooked the boar’s flesh and ate it. Then he rose into the air and passed over the tops of the Himālayas.
Seeing a region of hermitages, he descended at the hermitage of the eldest ascetic. He lived there for two or three days, performed the major and minor duties for the ascetic, and saw the magical power of the little hatchet. “This I must get,” thought he. Accordingly, after demonstrating to the ascetic the magical power of the gem, he said: “Reverend Sir, take this gem and give me the little hatchet.” The ascetic, having a desire to travel through the air, took the gem and gave him the little hatchet.
He bit the gem, and by its magical power rose into the air.He bit the gem, and by its magical power rose into the air.
He bit the gem, and by its magical power rose into the air.
He bit the gem, and by its magical power rose into the air.
The man took the little hatchet and went a short distance. Then he rubbed the little hatchet and said: “Little hatchet, chop off the ascetic’s head and bring me the gem.” The little hatchet went and chopped off the ascetic’s head and brought him the gem. The man put the little hatchet in a secret place, and then went to the second ascetic and lived with him for a few days. Seeing the magical power of the drum, he gave the second ascetic the gem, took the drum, and in the same way as before caused his head also to be cut off. Then he approached the youngest ascetic. Seeing the magical power of the bowl of curds, he gave the youngest ascetic the gem, took the bowlof curds, and in the same way as before caused his head to be cut off.
Then he took the gem and the little hatchet and the drum and the bowl of curds, and rose into the air. Halting not far from Benāres, he sent, by the hand of a certain man, the following message to the king of Benāres: “Give me battle or the kingdom!” As soon as the king heard the message, he said: “Let’s catch the bandit;” and sallied forth. The man beat the proper side of the drum, and a fourfold army surrounded him. Perceiving that the king had deployed his forces, he turned the bowl of curds loose. A mighty river began to flow, and the multitude sank down in the curds and were unable to extricate themselves. Then he rubbed the little hatchet and said: “Bring me the king’s head.” The little hatchet went and brought the king’s head and laid it at his feet. Not a single soldier had the power to lift a weapon. Accompanied by a mighty force, the man entered the city and caused himself to be sprinkled king. Having become king under the name King of the Curds, he ruled with righteousness.
One day, while he was amusing himself in the mighty river, in an enclosure formed by a net, therefloated up and lodged in the net a single mango fruit fit for the gods. When they lifted the net they saw it and gave it to the king. It was of large size, as big as a water-pot, perfectly round, and of a golden color. The king asked his foresters: “What is that the fruit of?” “The fruit of a mango tree.” Having eaten it, he caused the stone to be planted in his own garden, and to be sprinkled with milk and water. The tree sprouted, and in the third year bore fruit.
Great was the honor rendered to the mango. They sprinkled it with milk and water, they made marks of the spread hand with scented ointment on it, they festooned it with wreaths and ropes of flowers, they burned lamps with perfumed oil before it, and round about it they hung a curtain of fine cloth.
The fruit was sweet and of a golden color. When the king sent the fruit of the mango to other kings, he pierced with a thorn the spot where the sprout starts, for fear a tree might sprout from the stone. When, after eating the mango fruit, they planted the stone, nothing happened. “What, pray, can be the cause of this?” they inquired, and discovered the cause.
Now a certain other king summoned his gardener and asked: “Can you spoil the flavor of my rival’s mango fruit and make it bitter?” “Yes, yourmajesty.” “Very well, go.” So saying, he gave him a thousand pieces of money and sent him off. The gardener went to Benāres, caused the king to be informed that a gardener had arrived, managed to have himself summoned by the king, and entering the palace, made obeisance to the king. “Are you the gardener?” asked the king. “Yes, your majesty,” said the gardener, and described his own marvelous powers. Said the king: “Go, assist our gardener.”
From that time on the two men cared for the garden. The newly arrived gardener caused flowers to blossom out of season and fruits to grow out of season, and made the garden a charming place. The king, pleased with the new gardener, dismissed the old gardener, and gave the new gardener exclusive charge of the garden. The new gardener, realizing that the garden was in his own hands, planted nimbs and pot-herbs and creepers all around the mango tree.
In the course of time the nimbs grew up. Roots with roots, branches with branches, were in contact, entangled, intertwined. Merely through this contact with the sour, unpalatable nimbs, the sweet fruit of the mango turned bitter, and its flavor became like the flavor of the leaves of the nimbs. Thegardener, knowing that the fruit of the mango had turned bitter, fled.
The king went to the garden and ate a mango fruit. As soon as he put the mango into his mouth, perceiving that the juice tasted like the vile juice of the nimb, he was unable to swallow it, and coughing it up, spat it out. Now at that time the Future Buddha was his counsellor in temporal and spiritual matters. The king addressed the Future Buddha: “Wise man, this tree is just as well cared for now as it was of old. But in spite of this, its fruit has turned bitter. What, pray, is the reason?” And by way of inquiry he uttered the first stanza:
Color, fragrance, flavor, had this mango before.Receiving the same honor, why has the mango bitter fruit?
Color, fragrance, flavor, had this mango before.Receiving the same honor, why has the mango bitter fruit?
Color, fragrance, flavor, had this mango before.
Receiving the same honor, why has the mango bitter fruit?
Then the Future Buddha told him the reason by uttering the second stanza:
Your mango, O king, is surrounded with nimbs,Root touches root, branches entwine about branches.Through contact with the bad, therefore your mango has bitter fruit.
Your mango, O king, is surrounded with nimbs,Root touches root, branches entwine about branches.Through contact with the bad, therefore your mango has bitter fruit.
Your mango, O king, is surrounded with nimbs,
Root touches root, branches entwine about branches.
Through contact with the bad, therefore your mango has bitter fruit.
The king, hearing his words, had every one of the nimbs and pot-herbs chopped down, the roots pulled up, the sour earth round about removed, sweet earth put in its place, and the mango fed with milk and water, sweetened water, and perfumed water.Through contact with sweet juices the mango became perfectly sweet again. The king gave the regular gardener sole charge of the garden, and after living out his allotted term of life, passed away according to his deeds.