PageLetter of Admiralde Fonteas published inApril17081—— —— —— —— —— ——June6OBSERVATIONSon the Title affixed, &c.11The Reason of this Work.The Translation made from a Copy of the Letter. Title and the Copy of the Letter wrote in theSpanishLanguage.Copiest assured there was such an Expedition as this of Admiralde Fonte12An Account of this Expedition not published inSpain.The Consequence of such Expedition not being published14The Knowledge or Certainty of this Expedition from Journals only15Mons.de Lislehis Account of a Journal.This Account by Mons.de Lisledefended17This Translation ofde Fonte's Letter how considered when first published.DonFrancisco Seyxas y Loverahis Account of a Voyage ofThomas Peche18Observations on that Account19The Tradition of there being a Passage between theAtlanticandSouthern Oceancredible20Accounts received from various Persons relating thereto not to be discredited.Indians, their Account of the Situation of such Streight how to be considered21The Reasons why we cannot obtain a particular Information as to the original Letter ofde Fonte22Evidence relating to this Account ofde Fonte, which Distance of Time or other Accidents could not deface, yet remains24No authenticated Account of the Equipment of the Fleet to be expected fromNew Spain25This Account ofde Fonteauthentick, and no Forgery.The Editors published this Account as authentick26The Reflection that this Account is a Forgery of someEnglishmanobviated27The Design in publishing this Translation.The Purpose ofde Fonte's writing this Letter not understood by the Editors28The Editors unjustly reproached with a Want of Integrity.The Censures as to the Inauthenticity of this Account ofde Fontenot founded on Facts.Invalidity of the Objection that no Original hath been produced.The Suspicion of the Account being a Deceit or Forgery from whence.The original Letter was in theSpanishLanguage29Observations as to the NameBartholomew de Fonte30De Fontewas a Man of Family31TheSpanishMarine not in so low a Condition as they were under a Necessity to apply toPortugalfor Sea Officers to supply the principal Posts.What is to be understood ofde Fontebeing President ofChili31REMARKSon the Letter of Admiralde Fonte.The Advice of the Attempt fromBoston, in what Manner transmitted fromOld Spainto the Viceroys.The Appellation of industrious Navigators conformable to the Characters of the Persons concerned.The Court ofSpainknew that the Attempt was to be byHudson's Bay.This Attempt particularly commanded the Attention of the Court ofSpain34As to the Computation by the Years of the Reign of KingCharles.The Times mentioned in the Letter do not refer to the Times the Voyage was set out on.There was sufficient Time to equip the four Ships35How the Design of this Attempt might come to the Knowledge of the Court ofSpain.Reasons why both Viceroys should be informed36De Fontereceived his Orders fromOld Spain.Wrote his Letter to the Court ofSpain.De Fonteand the Viceroys did not receive their Orders from the same Persons37What is the Purpose of the introductory Part of this Letter.The Names of the Ships agreeable to theSpanishManner.FromCallaotoSt. Helena.Observations as to the Computation of Course and Distance in the Voyage ofde Fonte38From whencede Fontetakes his Departure.As to the Distance between theCallaoofLimaandSt. Helena, no Fault in the Impression.An Account of the Latitude and Longitude made Use of, which agrees withde Fonte's Voyage.Remarks as to the Expression, anchored in the Port ofSt. Helenawithin the Cape39An Interpolation of what is not in the original Letter.Observations as to the taking the Betumen aboard.An Error as to Latitude corrected40An Error as to the Course corrected.FromSt. Helenato the RiverSt. Jago.Observations as tode Fontetaking fresh Provision aboard at the RiverSt. Jago41A Comment or spurious Interpolation.The Coursede Fontesailed from the RiverSt. Jago.FromSt. JagotoRealejo.A Proof that Glosses and Comments have been added to the original Text42The Latitude not mentioned in the original Letter ofde Fonte.The Times thatde Fonteis sailing between the respective Ports from theCallaotoRealejono Objection to the Authenticity of this Account.Boats provided forde Fontebefore he arrived atRealejo43FromRealejoto the Port ofSalagua.Observations as to the Islands ofChiametla.—— —— —— —— Port ofSalagua.—— —— —— —— Master and Mariners44An Interpolation or Comment added.The Translator not exact as to his Translation.Remark as to the Informationde Fontereceived as to the Tide at the Head of the Bay ofCalifornia45Pennelossaappointed to discover whetherCaliforniawas an Island.The Account given ofPennelossa, as to his Descent, not in the original Letter.From the Port ofSalaguato theArchipelagusofSt. LazarusandRio Los Reyes.De FonteleavesPennelossawithin the Shoals ofChiametla46Course corrected.Remark as to CapeAbel.—— as to the Weather and the Time he was running eight Hundred and sixty Leagues47A Neglect as to inserting a Course.Computation of Longitude altered48The Coursede Fontesteered, he accounts as to the Land being in a Latitude and Longitude agreeable to the lateRussianDiscoveries. Acts with great Judgment as a Seaman.The Agreement of the Table of Latitude and Longitude with theRussianDiscoveries. And theSuesta del Estrech D'Aniannot laid down on a vague Calculation49Former Authorities for it.So named by theSpaniards.A superior Entrance to that ofMartin Aguilarand ofde Fuca.TheArchipelagoofSt. Lazarus, properly so named byde Fonte.A North-east Part of theSouth Seathatde Fontepassed up50His Instructions were to fall in with the Islands which formed theArchipelago, and not the main Land.Rio los Reyes, in what Longitude.A further Proof that his Course was to the Eastward51Proceedings of Admiralde Fonteafter his Arrival atRio de los Reyes.The Translation very inaccurate in this Part.The Date of the 22d ofJunean Error.De Fontedispatches one of his Captains toBernardawith Orders.Jesuits had been in those Parts, from whose Accounts the Instructions were formed52Remarks as to the Orders sentBernarda.De Fontesails upRio de los Reyes.De Fontesets out on his Part of the Expedition53Was at the Entrance ofLos Reyesthe 14th ofJune.Observed the Tides inLos ReyesandHaro.Precaution to be used in going up the River.An additional Note as to the Jesuits.Observations as to the Jesuits.Knew not of a Streight54Could not publish their Mission without Leave.De Fontearrives atConosset.Receives a Letter fromBernardadated 27th ofJune55The 22d ofJunewas not the TimeBernardareceived his Dispatches.The Letter is an Answer to the Dispatches he received fromde Fonte.Remarks on the Letter.Alters the Course directed byde Fonte.Assuresde Fontehe will do what was possible, and is under no Apprehension as to a Want of Provisions56The Name ofHaro, and of the LakeVelasco, a particular Compliment.This Letter ofde Fontewrote inSpanish.Description ofRio de los Reyesand LakeBelle.De Fontenot inactive from the 14th to the 22d ofJune57Very particular in his Account.Shews how far the Tides came to from Westward.De Fonteleaves his Ships before the Town ofConosset.The Timede Fontehad staid atConosset58Was before acquainted with the Practicability ofBernardasendinga Letter.How the Letter fromBernardawas sent.De Fontewaited to receive the Letter before he proceeded.Parmentiers, whom he was.Frenchmenwere admitted intoPeru.Reasons for the Jesuits coming into these Parts without passing the intermediate Country59Parmentiershad been before in these Parts.His Motive for going into those Parts, and surveying the RiverParmentiers60The People CaptainTchinkowmet with, no Objection to the Character of theIndiansin these Parts.Parmentiersnot a general Interpreter61Voyages had been made to these Parts.An Omission in the Translator.A Description of the RiverParmentiers,Lakede Fonte,and the adjacent Country.The Form of the Letter again observed by the Translator62Lakede Fonte, so named in Compliment to the Family he was of.Lakede Fontea Salt Water Lake.A Comparison of the Country with other Parts.Whyde Fontestopped at the Island South of the Lake63De Fontesails out of the East North-east End of the Lakede Fonte,and passes the Streight ofRonquillo.An additional Comment.De Fonte's Observation as to the Country altering for the worse.A purposed Silence as to the Part come into after passing the Streight ofRonquillo.De Fontearrives at theIndianTown, and receives an Account of the Ship.A further Instance ofParmentiershaving been in these Parts64De Fontehad been on the Inquiry.The Proceedings ofde Fonteafter meeting with the Ship.The Reason of the Ship's Company retiring to the Woods65De Fontehad particularly provided himself with someEnglishmen.Shapley, the Navigator of the Ship, first waits on the Admiral.Particulars as toShapley.A Disappointment of the Intelligence the Author hoped to attain66A Tradition amongst the antient People of there having been such a Voyage.Major Gibbons, an Account of him67Seimar Gibbons, a Mistake of the Translator68Massachusets, the largest Colony inNew Englandat that Time.The Ship fitted out fromBoston.Remarks onde Fonte's Address toMajor Gibbons, and Conduct on this Occasion.De Fonteonly mentions what is immediately necessary for the Court to know70TheBostonShip returned beforede Fonteleft those Parts.A remarkable Anecdote from the Ecclesiastical History ofNew England.The Circumstances of which Account agree with this Voyage72A further Tradition as toMajor Gibbons.That the Persons met byGroselierswere notMajor Gibbonsand his Company.De Fontereturns toConosset.The various Courses, Distances,&c.fromRio de los Reyesto the Sea to the Eastward ofRonquillo73The prudent Conduct observed in the Absence of the Admiral74De Fontereceives a Letter fromBernarda.The Latitude and Longitude ofConibasset, &c.75Observations as to the Messenger who carried the first Letter fromBernarda.Observations as to the Messenger with the second Letter76The various Courses, Distances,&c.thatBernardawent.The Probability of sending a Seaman over Land toBaffin's Bay.Remarks on the Report made by the Seaman77Bernardagoing up theTartarian Seais agreeable to theJapaneseMap.A Parallel drawn betweenConossetand PortNelson.The physical Obstacles considered78Bernarda's Observations as to the Parts he had been in.Whether the Parts aboutBaffin's Bay were inhabited79An Objection as to the Affability of the Inhabitants further considered.As to the Dispatch used byIndiansin carrying Expresses.Bernardadirected by the Jesuits as to the Harbour where he meetsde Fonte.De Fontesent a Chart with his Letter80Miguel Venegas, aMexicanJesuit, his Observation as to the Account ofde Fonte's Voyage,&c.The Design with which his Work was published.Arguments for putting into immediate Execution what he recommends81Don Cortezinforms the King ofSpainthat there is a Streight on the Coast of theBaccaloos.Attempts made byCortez82What is comprehended under the Name ofFlorida.King ofPortugalsendsGasper Corterealison Discovery.The NameLabrador, what it means.Promonterum Cortereale, what Part so named.Hudson's Streights named the River ofThree BrothersorAnian.When the finding a Streight to Northward became a Matter of particular Attention of theSpaniards83Undertaken by the Emperor.ByPhilipthe Second.ByPhilipthe Third, and the Reasons84The Opinions ofGeographersas to the North Part ofAmerica. How the Maps were constructed at that Time85Unacquainted with whatCortezknew of the Streight86Instanced by the Voyage ofAlarconthat the Land was thought to extend farther to Northward than afterwards supposed by the Voyage ofJuan Roderique de Cabrillo87Vizcaino, his Voyage, and the Discovery ofAguilar.Spaniardsnever meant by the Streights ofAnian,BeeringsStreight88Remarks on the Deficiency of theSpanishRecords.Uncertainty of attaining any Evidence from such Records.FatherKimo's Map ofCaliforniaaltered by Geographers90The Objection ofVenegasas to the Authenticity ofde Fonte's Account considered91Misrepresents the Title of the Letter92Doth not deny but that there was such a Person asde Fonte.TheJesuitsandParmentiershaving been before in these Parts not improbable93Master and Mariners mentioned byde Fonte, a probable Account.Whence the Tide came at the Head of the Gulph ofCalifornia94De Fonteretires, Command taken by AdmiralCassanate.Seyxas y Lovera, the Authority of his Account defended95Venegasomits some Accounts for Want of necessary Authenticity.Most of the Discoveries are reported to be made by Ships from theMoluccas96What Ships from theMoluccasorPhilippineswere forced to do in case of bad Weather.The Probability of a Discovery made by a Ship from thePhilippinesorMoluccas.The People of thePhilippineIslands those who most talked of a Passage.Salvatierra, his Account of a North-west Passage discovered97This Account gained Credit98Was the Foundation ofFrobisher's Expedition.Thomas Cowles, his Account defended99Juan de Fuca, his Account100Remarks on that Account101Expeditions which the Court ofSpainorder correspond in Time with the Attempts for Discovery fromEngland103The Discovery of the Coast ofCaliforniafor a Harbour for theAquapulcoShip not the Sole Design104Reasons that inducedAguilarto think the Opening where he was was the Streight ofAnian105Observation on the preceding Accounts.Have no certain Account of what Expeditions were in those Parts106An exact Survey of those Coasts not known to have been made until the Year 1745.The Streight ofAnianat present acknowledged107The first Discoverers gave faithful Accounts.Reasons forde Fonte's Account being true108Accounts of Voyages not being to be obtained no just Objection to their Authenticity.As to the Inference inde Fonte's Letter of there being no North-west Passage109The Proximity of theWestern Oceansupposed by all Discoverers111Observations on the Northern Parts ofAmericabeing intermixed with Waters.The Objection as to the Distance between theOceanand theSeaat the Back ofHudson's Bay112Reasons why a Passage hath not been discovered.A great Channel to Westward by which the Ice and Land Waters are vented.Accounts ofde Fonte,de Fuca, andChacke, agree113Indiansmentioned byde Fonteand those byde Fucanot the same.Whyde Fontedid not pass up the North-east Part of theSouth Sea114The Persons who were in those Parts got no Information of a Streight115The Representation of theJesuitsthe Foundation ofde Fonte's Instructions.The Court ofSpainnot of the same Opinion withde Fonteor the Jesuits on his Return116There is a Sea to Westward ofHudson's Bay117Joseph le France, his Account considered118Agrees with the Account ofde Fonteandde Fuca119Improbability of theTete Platinhabiting near the Ocean120Which Way theBostonShip made the Passage, uncertain.Whether throughHudson's Bay122Observations as toChesterfield's Inlet.As toPistolBay andCumberlandIsles123A Quotation fromSeyxas y Lovera.Observations thereon124Observations as to its having been the constant Opinion that there was a North-west Passage125The great Degree of Credibility there is from the Circumstances ofde Fonte's Voyage.What Foundation those who argue against a North-west Passage have for their Argument126Where the Passage is supposed, and an Explanation of the Map127Remarks as to Expeditions to be made purposely for the Discovery.The Inconveniencies which attended on former Expeditions.Prevented for the future by a Discovery of the Coast ofLabrador.The advantageous Consequences of that Attempt128Method to be pursued in making the Discovery.APPENDIXFall in with the Coast ofLabrador131Stand more to Southward.Tokens of the Land132Meet with theEskemaux.Enter a Harbour133The Country described.People sent to the Head of the Harbour report they had seen a House134A more particular Account.The Report of Persons sent to survey the Country.Proceed on a further Discovery136Enter up an Inlet.Prevented proceeding in the Schooner by Falls137Proceed in a Boat, meet with Falls.Description of the Country.Sail out of the Inlet and go to Northward139See Smokes and go in Pursuit of the Natives140Proceed up a third Inlet.See Smokes again.Enter a fourth Inlet.Meet with aSnowfromEngland143The Captain of theSnow, his Account and other Particulars.Observations as to theEskemaux145Snowhad joined Company with aSloopfromRhode Island.An Account of where theEskemauxtrade147Eskemauxcome along-side147Schoonerleaves theSnow.Eskemauxcome aboard the Schooner148Mate ofSnowcomes aboard theSchooner, and his Account150Why mentioned151The Trade in these Parts could only be established by the Regulations of theGovernment.Eskemauxcoming to trade with the Schooner intercepted.The Inlet searched152Pass into three other Inlets.An Account of them and the Country.Reasons for leaving off the Discovery153Fishing Banksought for and discovered.An Island of Ice of a surprising Magnitude and Depth.