of 1768,94;
of 1774,135,136;
of 1781,212,213;
of 1784,280;
of 1790,322;
Grenville's election act,108,109,135;
house of lords, changes in the character of the,281,282;
privileges of members of,47,50,51,53,72,117,118;
publication of debates,117,118.
Parliamentary reform, demands for,104;
Chatham's plan of,105;
agreement concerning,244;
Pitt's motions for,231-232,246,287,288;
Flood's motion for,318;
Grey's motion for,399.
Patná, seized by the English,77.
Paul, Tsarof Russia,384,421,423,425,426,429;
anger against England,431,440;
forms an armed neutrality,441-443.
Pearson, Captain, R.N.,197.
Penn, Richard,158.
Pennsylvania, mutiny of troops in,214.
Percy, Lord (afterwards Duke of Northumberland),141.
Percy, Thomas, Bishop of Dromore,259.
Peter III., Tsar of Russia,33,36.
Phélypeaux, Colonel,418.
Philadelphia, continental congress at,132-134,138,146,147,156,157,167;
congress removes from,168,174,179,188;
taken by Howe,173,174,175,179,180;
evacuated,193,225.
Philippine Islands, British conquest of,38;
restored to Spain,40.
Phillip, Captain, R.N.,267.
Pichegru,375.
Pierson, Major,211.
Pigot, George, Lord, governor of Madras,247.
Pigot, Hugh, admiral,149,238.
Pigot, Hugh, captain, R.N.,139.
Pilnitz, declaration of,331.
Pitcairn, Major,140.
Pitt, John(second Earl Chatham),159;
first lord of the admiralty,306;
privy seal,366.
Pitt, Thomas (nephew of first Earl of Chatham),245.
Pitt, William,the elder, afterwards Earl of Chatham, his influence before 1760,1;
secretary of state,8;
his political character,10;
his war policy,11;
acts with Bute,15-16;
against government by connexion,16,31;
cabal against,20-21;
his part in negotiations of 1761,23-27;
demands war with Spain,28;
resignation,30-32;
pension and wife's peerage,32;
his schemes of conquest,36;
on the Peace of Paris,42-44;
king's negotiations with,48,53,56,59,65,66;
refuses to take office,67-69;
speaks against enforcing stamp act,69,70;
part in repeal of stamp act,71;
prime minister,73;
created Earl of Chatham,73;
quarrels with Temple,74;
foreign policy,74;
proposes defensive alliance between Great Britain, Prussia and Russia,75;
his long illness,76,85;
policy as regards India,79,80,82,83,85;
resigns office,89;
allied with the opposition,100-102,104;
scheme for parliamentary reform,105,106-111,128;
opposes the quartering bill,129-131,136;
conciliation bill,138,160,170,184-187;
king refuses to send for,188-189;
death of,190.
Pitt, William, the younger,9;
member for Appleby,213;
joins the opposition,214,228,229;
on parliamentary reform,231;
chancellor of exchequer,240,241,243-246;
first lord of treasury and chancellor of exchequer,251,252;
India Bills,252-254,261,265,268,269,277,280-283,286,287;
his finance,284,285;
his bill for parliamentary reform,287,288;
his Irish trade proposals,290,291;
sinking fund,292,293;
commercial treaty with France,293,294;
bill for consolidation of customs and excise,294-295;
his attitude towards the slave trade,295,296,299,300,302-315;
his views on the French Revolution,317,318,321-325,327,328;
Canada Bill,329-336,338,339;
warden of the Cinque Ports,340;
as war minister,345-352;
his loans,348,354,357-359,362,366-367,369,370-372;
disagreement with Grenville,373-374,376,378,379;
budgets,380,384,385,400,403,434,435;
desires peace,382,383,387,388,392,395-397,399,401,403,433;
duel with Tierney,404;
preparations for a union with Ireland,412,413,420,421,436-438,444;
desires Irish union,445-447,449;
and favours catholic emancipation,369,452;
will resign,452;
budget of 1801,453,454;
resignation,455.
Pius VI., Pope,420.
Plunket, William Conyngham, Lord,447.
Plymouth,196.
Pocock, Admiral,37.
Point Judith (U.S.A.),194.
Point Levi (Canada),152.
Poland, partition of,115,296,338,349,351,363;
invaded by Russia,338;
insurrection in,361.
Police system,267.
Political trials,357,358,434.
Pondicherry,1,14;
taken by English,196,356;
French fleet at,237.
Ponsonby, John,368,447.
Penthièvre,377.
Pontiac,58.
Poor law,273,277,278.
Popham, Major,237.
Port Egmont,113,114.
Portland, Duke of (Cavendish-Bentinck),75,87,232,233,240;
first lord of treasury,245,333,334,340;
home secretary,366,368-371,452.
Porto Novo, battle of,237.
Porto Praya, naval action at,237.
Portsmouth,170,192.
Portugal: ally of England,33,40,257,349,381,397,442.
Pownall, Thomas,89.
Pratt. SeeCamden, Lord.
Press, liberty of the,116-118,324.
Preston, Captain,109.
Pretender, the Old,1.
Pretender, the Young,1.
Prevost, Augustine, general,195,198.
Price, Richard,291,292.
Priestley, Joseph,263,331,332.
Prime Minister, title and functions of,9,64,85-86,90,103,189,229,230,244,281,332.
Printers, the House of Commons and the,117,118.
Prisons,267.
Provence, Count of(Louis XVIII.),352,432.
Providence. SeeBahama Islands.
Prussia,75,115,300;
declares war against France,336;
peace with France,374.
Public Advertiser, newspaper,99.
Puerto-rico,389.
Puisaye, Comte de,376,377.
Pulaski, Count,182.
Pulteney, Sir James, general,439.
Putnam, Israel, American general,164.
Pyramids, battle of the,416.
Quebec act,129,145,146,151,166;
siege of,152,155,205,329.
Quiberon bay,376.
Queensberry, Duke of. SeeMarch, Earl of.
Radcliffe, Ann,260.
Raeburn, Henry,262.
Raikes, Robert,265.
Rawdon, Lord(Hastings), later Earl of Moira and Marquis of Hastings,219,220,223,354,361,376,406.
Reeve, Clara,260.
Regency bill,64,65;
later question of the,309-314,453.
Regulating act, North's,121,122,273.
Regulators' war,124.
Reichenbach, congress at,326.
Religion and Church of England,264.
Revolutionary society,335;
bill for suppressing,434.
Reynolds, Sir Joshua,262,407.
Rhode Island,61,125,139,143,153,168,194,198,219,224.
Richmond, Duke of (Lennox), secretary of state,73,145,160,190,203,204,229,240;
resigns office,243;
master-general of ordnance,251,257,291,359;
resigns ordnance,366.
Ridgway, bookseller,357.
Rigby, Richard,27,107.
Riots:—
American,61,89,126.
Birmingham,331-332.
Bread,75,378,444.
Carlisle and other towns,339.
Coal-heavers and others,95.
Dublin,447,450.
Gordon,205-207.
Hexham,18.
St. George's Fields,96.
Silk-weavers,66,95.
Wilkes,96,97.
Duty of soldiers in,207.
Robertson, William, historian,261.
Robespierre, fall of,372.
Rochambeau, Comte de,218,219,224.
Roche, Philip,411,412.
Rochford, Earl of (Nassau), secretary of state,89,90,115;
resigns,159.
Rockingham, Marquis of (Watson-Wentworth),40,42,48;
first ministry,67-72;
resigns office,73,74,85,86,102,106,107,110,118,128,158,160,169,187,191,212;
second ministry,228,229,232,233;
death of,240,257,274.
Rodney, afterwards Sir George and Lord Rodney, admiral,37,198,200,212,216,219,226,227,234,235;
created baron,238,239,365.
Rohillás (Afghan tribe),248.
Rolle, John, M.P.,308.
Rollo, Lord (Rollo), takes Dominica,14.
Roman Catholics: relief from disabilities of,205,323;
grant of franchise to Irish,367,368;
question of emancipation of in Ireland,369-371,385,446,447,451,453-455.
Romney, George,262.
Rousseau,315.
Roussillon invaded,350.
Rowan, Archibald Hamilton,368.
Roxbury (U.S.A.),143.
Royal marriage act,119,120,308.
Ruffo, Cardinal,426-429.
Rusby (corn dealer),444.
Russia, Empress of. SeeCatherine II.
Russia in seven years' war,33;
commercial treaty with,72;
Chatham's policy towards,75,326;
Russian policy,115;
Pitt's policy towards,326;
treaty of alliance with Great Britain,423;
withdrawal of, from the second coalition,431.
Russia, Tsar of. SeePaulandPeter III.
Russian armament, the,327-328.
Rutland, Duke of (Manners), viceroy of Ireland,287,289,290;
lord steward,244;