CONTENTS.
THE HUMAN FOOT.
Why are the generality of persons so ignorant of the structure of their own bodies? p.1. The dependence of the hand upon the foot,3. Principle of “division of Labour” illustrated in the animal world,4; and in the function of locomotion,6.Structure of Lower Limb,8. Length of Leg inGiants,9. Bones of Foot,ib.Peculiarity ofGreat Toe,10. Uniformity in plan, and dissimilarity in detail seen throughout nature,13. Homologous parts in animals,14. Comparison of Horse’s Leg with Man’s,15. TheArchof the foot,18; its elasticity greater in the fore part than in the hinder,21. The Component bones held together by Ligaments,24.Weak AnkleandFlat Foot,27,74; time of life at which they occur,31. Injurious effects of “High-lows,”29.Movements of theFoot,33; compared with those of theHead,35. Nature’s abhorrence of straight lines illustrated by shape of leg-bone,37, and by movements of leg upon thigh,39. Sitting upon the heel,ib.Grecian and Egyptian statuary compared,40. Relation ofPerfectionandBeauty,41.Musclesof Leg and Foot,42. Purpose served by movements of Infants,46.Club-foot,47. Shape of the ankle,48. Length and direction of the heel,50. TheCalf,ib.; characteristic of man,53.EuropeanLeg and Foot contrasted withNegro’s,51.Chinesefoot,54. Tendency of different races to exaggerate their peculiarities,56. Provision for enabling balls of toes to adapt themselves to uneven surfaces,57.Standing,59.Bowing,StoopingandSquatting,61.Walking,62.Running,64.TrottingandGalloping,67. Rolling in walking,69. Sprained ankle,70. Mode in which foot revolves on the ground,73. Character shown in walking,76. TheIdiot,80. TheDrunkard,81.Distinctive features of the Human Foot,82; most marked in highest races,91. TheToesof small size and, comparatively, unimportant,84. The foot of theElephant,86; of theHippopotamus,Rhinoceros,Ox, andHorse,87; of theGorilla,88. Proportions of the limbs,94. Foot and hand small in very short and very tall persons,96. The foot measure,97.Skinof the sole,98. OnShoes,102.
Why are the generality of persons so ignorant of the structure of their own bodies? p.1. The dependence of the hand upon the foot,3. Principle of “division of Labour” illustrated in the animal world,4; and in the function of locomotion,6.
Structure of Lower Limb,8. Length of Leg inGiants,9. Bones of Foot,ib.Peculiarity ofGreat Toe,10. Uniformity in plan, and dissimilarity in detail seen throughout nature,13. Homologous parts in animals,14. Comparison of Horse’s Leg with Man’s,15. TheArchof the foot,18; its elasticity greater in the fore part than in the hinder,21. The Component bones held together by Ligaments,24.Weak AnkleandFlat Foot,27,74; time of life at which they occur,31. Injurious effects of “High-lows,”29.
Movements of theFoot,33; compared with those of theHead,35. Nature’s abhorrence of straight lines illustrated by shape of leg-bone,37, and by movements of leg upon thigh,39. Sitting upon the heel,ib.Grecian and Egyptian statuary compared,40. Relation ofPerfectionandBeauty,41.
Musclesof Leg and Foot,42. Purpose served by movements of Infants,46.Club-foot,47. Shape of the ankle,48. Length and direction of the heel,50. TheCalf,ib.; characteristic of man,53.EuropeanLeg and Foot contrasted withNegro’s,51.Chinesefoot,54. Tendency of different races to exaggerate their peculiarities,56. Provision for enabling balls of toes to adapt themselves to uneven surfaces,57.
Standing,59.Bowing,StoopingandSquatting,61.Walking,62.Running,64.TrottingandGalloping,67. Rolling in walking,69. Sprained ankle,70. Mode in which foot revolves on the ground,73. Character shown in walking,76. TheIdiot,80. TheDrunkard,81.
Distinctive features of the Human Foot,82; most marked in highest races,91. TheToesof small size and, comparatively, unimportant,84. The foot of theElephant,86; of theHippopotamus,Rhinoceros,Ox, andHorse,87; of theGorilla,88. Proportions of the limbs,94. Foot and hand small in very short and very tall persons,96. The foot measure,97.
Skinof the sole,98. OnShoes,102.
THE HUMAN HAND.
Handhow distinguished fromFoot,109. Construction of Upper limb,110. Small bones rarely dislocated,112.Movements atShouldervery free,114; conducive to good development of Chest,125. Uses ofCollar-bone,116. Injuries to Shoulder why so frequent,119. Shape ofChest,122; in Rhinoceros,120; in Monkey,123.Movements at theElbow,126.PronationandSupinationof the forearm and hand,ib.No exactly corresponding movementsin lower limb,129.Musclesby which they are effected,130. Anatomical reason for the direction in which we turn a screw or a gimlet,132.Structure and movements of theWrist,134. Movements of theFingers,136.Musclesby which they are effected,137.Movementsof theThumb,141; of the metacarpal bones upon the wrist,143. Advantage gained by the fingers and thumb all differing in length,145. Middle finger the centre about which the others move,147. On holding thePen,ib.The direction in which the letters are slanted,148.Writingfrom left to right,149. Reason for theRINGbeing placed upon the fourth finger,150. The “funny-bone,”153.TheMonkey’s Hand,154,187.The hand the organ of theWill,156; its relation to theMind,157; an organ ofExpression,159.Shaking hands,162. Why do we shake hands?162. Why do weKiss?164.Structure of theSkin,165. The Cuticle,166; its uses,167. The Rete Mucosum,166. Cause of the colour of the Skin,167. The Cutis,168. Difference between aWartand aCorn,170. How to cut Corns,172.Nails; their formation and growth,173. Claws in lower animals,173,175. Sensitiveness of the Skin beneath the nails,177.Hairs; their formation,178; colour,179; uses,180.Oil-Glands; their uses, the odour of their secretion,180.Sweat-Glands,183; their structure,ib.The “Pores” of the Skin,183. The moisture of the palm,184. Cold Sweat,ib.FeelingandTouch,185. Structure of the three parts in which they are most acute,ib.The “Pulps” of the fingers connected with peculiar shape of the bones,186; their sensitiveness to cold,187. Distinction between Common Feeling andthe Sense of Touch,188. Relation between the two in the Tongue, the Eye and the Hand,189. The tentacle of a Polyp a rudimentary hand,191. Acuteness of touch in man,193; inBlindpersons,ib.Relation of the hand to theEyeand theMouth,195. The Elephant’s Trunk,197.Cheiromancy,198. TheLock-jawfallacy,200. Cause of the superiority of theRight Hand,201. “This unworthy hand!”205.Explanation of Wood-cuts,207.
Handhow distinguished fromFoot,109. Construction of Upper limb,110. Small bones rarely dislocated,112.
Movements atShouldervery free,114; conducive to good development of Chest,125. Uses ofCollar-bone,116. Injuries to Shoulder why so frequent,119. Shape ofChest,122; in Rhinoceros,120; in Monkey,123.
Movements at theElbow,126.PronationandSupinationof the forearm and hand,ib.No exactly corresponding movementsin lower limb,129.Musclesby which they are effected,130. Anatomical reason for the direction in which we turn a screw or a gimlet,132.
Structure and movements of theWrist,134. Movements of theFingers,136.Musclesby which they are effected,137.Movementsof theThumb,141; of the metacarpal bones upon the wrist,143. Advantage gained by the fingers and thumb all differing in length,145. Middle finger the centre about which the others move,147. On holding thePen,ib.The direction in which the letters are slanted,148.Writingfrom left to right,149. Reason for theRINGbeing placed upon the fourth finger,150. The “funny-bone,”153.
TheMonkey’s Hand,154,187.
The hand the organ of theWill,156; its relation to theMind,157; an organ ofExpression,159.Shaking hands,162. Why do we shake hands?162. Why do weKiss?164.
Structure of theSkin,165. The Cuticle,166; its uses,167. The Rete Mucosum,166. Cause of the colour of the Skin,167. The Cutis,168. Difference between aWartand aCorn,170. How to cut Corns,172.
Nails; their formation and growth,173. Claws in lower animals,173,175. Sensitiveness of the Skin beneath the nails,177.
Hairs; their formation,178; colour,179; uses,180.
Oil-Glands; their uses, the odour of their secretion,180.
Sweat-Glands,183; their structure,ib.The “Pores” of the Skin,183. The moisture of the palm,184. Cold Sweat,ib.
FeelingandTouch,185. Structure of the three parts in which they are most acute,ib.The “Pulps” of the fingers connected with peculiar shape of the bones,186; their sensitiveness to cold,187. Distinction between Common Feeling andthe Sense of Touch,188. Relation between the two in the Tongue, the Eye and the Hand,189. The tentacle of a Polyp a rudimentary hand,191. Acuteness of touch in man,193; inBlindpersons,ib.
Relation of the hand to theEyeand theMouth,195. The Elephant’s Trunk,197.Cheiromancy,198. TheLock-jawfallacy,200. Cause of the superiority of theRight Hand,201. “This unworthy hand!”205.
Explanation of Wood-cuts,207.