JANUARY.1. Laurustinus,Vibernum tinus. St. Faine, or Fanchea, an Irish saint of the sixth century.2. Groundsel,Senecio vulgaris. St. Macarius of Alexandria, 394.3. Iris, Persian,Iris Persica. St. Genevieve, patroness of Paris, 422.4. Hazel,Corylus avellana. St. Titus, disciple of St. Paul.5. Hellebore,Helleborus fœtidus. St. Simeon Stylites of Rome.6. Moss, screw,Tortula rigida. St. Nilammon.7. Laurel, Portugal,Prunus Lusitanica. St. Kentigerna.8. Tremella, yellow,Tremella deliquescens. St. Gudula, patroness of Brussels.9. Laurel, common,Prunus lauro-cerasus, or common small-fruited cherry. St. Marciana of Rome.10. Gorse, or Furze,Ulex Europœus. St. William of Bourges, 1207.11. Moss, early,Bryum hornum. Swan-neck thread-moss. St. Theodosius.12. Moss, hygrometric,Funaria hygrometrica. St. Arcadius.13. Yew tree, common,Taxus bacata. St. Veronica, a nun of Milan, 1497.14. Strawberry, barren,Fragaria sterilis. St. Hilary, 368.15. Ivy,Hedera helix. St. Paul, the first hermit.16. Nettle, common red Dead,Lamium purpureum. St. Marcellus, Pope.17. Anemone, garden,Anemone hortensis. St. Anthony, patriarch of monks, 251.18. Moss, four-toothed,Bryum pellucidum. St. Prisca, a Roman martyr.19. Nettle, white Dead,Lamium album. St. Martha, a Roman martyr, 270.20. Nettle, woolly Dead,Lamium Gargaricum. St. Fabian, Pope.21. Hellebore, black,Helleborus niger. St. Agnes, a special patroness of purity: beheaded at the age of thirteen, 304.22. Grass, early whitlow,Draba verna. St. Vincent, a Spanish martyr.23. Peziza,Peziza acetobolum. St. Raymond of Pennafort, 1275.24. Moss, stalkless,Phascum muticum. St. Timothy, disciple of St. Paul, 250.25. Hellebore, winter,Helleborus hyemalis. The Conversion of St. Paul.26. Butter-bur, white,Tussilago alba, or Colt’s-foot. St. Polycarp.27. Moss, earth,Phascum cuspidatum. St. Chrysostom.28. Daisy, double,Bellis perennis plenus. St. Margaret of Hungary, 1271.29. Fern, flowering,Osmunda regalis. St. Francis of Sales, 1622.30. Spleen-wort,Asplenium trichomanes. St. Martin.31. Hart’s Tongue, or Spleen-wort,Asplenium scolopendrium. St. Marcella, 410.FEBRUARY.1. Moss, lesser water,Fontinalis minor. St. Ignatius; and Bay-tree,Laurus nobilis. St. Bridget, patroness of Ireland.2. Snow-drop,Galanthus nivalis. Purification of the Virgin Mary.3. Moss, great water,Fontinalis anti-pyretica, St. Blase of Armenia, 316.4. Moss, common hair, or Goldilocks,Polytrichum commune. St. Jane, or Queen Joan, 1505.Bay, Indian,Laurus indica. St. Margaret of England.5. Primrose, common,Primula vulgaris. St. Agatha, a Sicilian martyr.Primrose, red,Primula acaulis. St. Adelaide, 1015.6. Hyacinth, blue,Hyacinthus orientalis. St. Dorothy, 308.7. Cyclamen, round-leafed,Cyclamen coum. St. Romuald, 1027.8. Moss, narrow-leafed spring,Mnium androgynum. St. John of Matha, 1213.9. Narcissus, Roman,Narcissus Romanus. St. Apollonia, 249.10. Mezereon,Daphne mezereon. St. Scholastica, 543.Moss, silky fork,Mnium heteromallum. St. Coteris, fourth century.11. Primrose, red,Primula verna rubra. St. Theodora, empress, 367.12. Anemone, noble Liverwort,Anemone hepatica. St. Eulalia of Barcelona.13. Polyanthos,Plimula Polyanthus. St. Catherine de Ricci, 1589.14. Crocus, yellow,Crocus mœsiacus, orCrocus aureus. St. Valentine, the lover’s saint. He was a priest at Rome, and married there about the year 270.15. Crocus, cloth of gold,Crocus sulphureus. St. Sigifred, bishop of Sweden, 1002.16. Primrose, lilac,Primula acaulis plena. St. Juliana.17. Crocus, Scotch,Crocus susianus. St. Flavian, archbishop of Constantinople, 449.18. Speedwell, wall,Veronica vernus arvensis. St. Simeon, bishop of Jerusalem, 116.19. Speedwell, field,Veronica agrestis. St. Barbatus, patron of Benevento, bishop, 682.20. Cynoglossum omphalodes, orC. lusitanicum. St. Milfred, abbess of Munster.21. Crocus, white,Crocus albus. St. Servianus, bishop, 452.22. Margaret, herb,Bellis perennis. St. Margaret of Cortona, 1297.23. Apricot tree,Prunus armeniaca. St. Milburge of England.24. Fern, great,Osmunda regalis. St. Ethelbert, King of Kent.25. Peach blossom,Amygdalus persica. St. Walburg, abbess of Swabia, Germany.26. Periwinkle, lesser,Vinca minor. St. Victor, seventh century.27. Lungwort,Pulmonaria officinalis. St. Leander, bishop, 596.28. Crocus, purple,Crocus vernus. St. Proterius, patriarch of Alexandria, 557.MARCH.1. Leek, common,Allium porrum. St. David of Wales, archbishop, 544.2. Chickweed, dwarf mouse-ear,Cerastium pumilum. St. Chad, or Ceada, martyr, under the Lombards, in the sixth century.3. Marigold, golden fig,Mesembryanthemum aureum. St. Cunegunda, empress, 1040.4. Chickweed, common,Alsine media. St. Casimir, prince of Poland, 1458.5. Hellebore, green,Helleborus viridis. St. Adrian, 309.6. Lily, Lent,Pseudo narcissus multiplex. St. Colette, bishop.7. Daffodil, early,Narcissus simplex. St. Perpetua, martyred under the emperor Severus, 203.8. Rose, ever-blowing,Rosa semperflorens. St. Rosa, of Viterbo, 1261.Jonquil, great,Narcissus lœtus. St. Felix, 646.9. Daffodil, hoop-petticoat,Narcissus bulbocodium. St. Catherine of Bologna, 1463.10. Chickweed, upright,Veronica triphyllos. St. Droctavæus, abbot, 580.11. Heath, Cornish,Erica vagans. St. Eulogius of Cordova, 851.12. Ixia, or crocus-leafed Mistletoe,Ixia bulbocodium, orViscum albus bulbus. St. Gregory the Great, prætor of Rome, 574.13. Heart’s Ease,Viola tricolor. St. Euphrasia, 410.14. Bindweed, mountain,Soldanella alpina. St. Maud, or Matilda, queen, 968.15. Colt’s-foot, common,Tussilago farfara. St. Zachary, pope, 752.16. Daffodil, nodding,Narcissus nutans. St. Julian of Cilicia.17. Violet, sweet,Viola odorata. St. Gertrude, abbess, 626.Shamrock, White Trefoil,Trifolium repens. St. Patrick, apostle of Ireland.18. Leopard’s bane, great,Doronicum pardalianches. St. Cyril, archbishop of Jerusalem.19. Star of Bethlehem, yellow,Ornithogalum luteum. St. Joseph, spouse of the Virgin Mary.20. Violet, dog’s,Viola canina. St. Wolfram, archbishop of Sens, 720.21. Fumitory, bulbous,Fumaria bulbosa. St. Bennet, or Benedict, founder of the Order of Benedict, of Rome, 543.22. Ficaria verna. St. Catherine of Sweden, abbess, 1381.23. Daffodil, peerless,Narcissus incomparabilis. St. Alphonsus Turibius, archbishop of Lima, 1606.24. Saxifrage, golden,Chrysosplenium oppositifolium. St. Irenæus, bishop of Sirmium, 304.25. Marigold,Calendula officinalis. Annunciation of the Virgin Mary.26. Henbane, nightshade-leafed,Hyosciamus scopalia. St. Braulio, bishop of Saragossa, 646.27. Jonquil, sweet,Narcissus odorus. St. John of Egypt, hermit, 394.28. Leopard’s bane,Doronicum plantagineum. St. Priscus, 260.29. Ox-lip, or great Cowslip,Primula elatior. St. Eustatius, abbot, 625.Fumitory,Fumaria officinalis. St. Jonas, 327.30. Water-cress,Cardamine hirsuta. St. John of Climacus.Daffodil, lesser,Narcissus minor. St. Zosimus, bishop of Syracuse, 660.31. Benjamin tree,Laurus benzoin. St. Benjamin, deacon, martyr, 424.APRIL.1. Mercury, French annual,Mercurialis annua. St. Hugh, bishop, 1132.2. Violet, white,Viola alba. St. Francis of Paula, a native of Calabria.3. Alkanet, evergreen,Anchusa sempervirens. St. Agape, 304.4. Crown Imperial, red,Fritillaria imperialis. St. Isidore, bishop of Seville, 636.5. Crown Imperial, yellow,Fritillaria imperialis lutea. Vincent Ferrer, 1419.6. Hyacinth, starch,Hyacinthus racemosus. St. Sixtus I., pope.7. Anemone, wood,Anemona nemorosa. St. Aphraates, fourth century.8. Ground-ivy,Glechoma hederacea. St. Dionysius, bishop of Corinth.9. Polyanthos, red,Primula. St. Mary of Egypt, 421.10. Violet, pale,Viola tambrigens. St. Mechtildes, abbess, fourteenth century.11. Dandelion,Leontodon taraxacum. St. Leo the Great, pope, 461.12. Saxifrage, great thick-leafed,Saxifraga crassifolia. St. Zeno, bishop, 380.13. Narcissus, green,Narcissus viridiflorus. St. Hermenegild, martyr, 586.14. Borage, common,Borago officinalis. St. Lidwina, 1184.15. Stitchwort, greater,Stellaria holostea. St. Peter Gonzales, 1246.16. Tulip, yellow,Tulipa sylvestris. St. Joachim of Sienna, 1305.17. Arum, Friar’s cowl, broad-leafed,Arum arisarum. St. Stephen of Citeaux, abbot, 1134.18. Narcissus, musk,Narcissus moschatus. St. Appollonius, 186.19. Garlic,Allium ursinum. St. Leo IX., pope, 1054.20. Snowflake, spring,Leucoium vernum. St. Agnes of Monte Pulciano, 1317.21. Narcissus, cypress,Narcissus orientalis albus. St. Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury.22. Crowfoot, wood, or Goldilocks,Ranunculus auricomus. St. Rufus of Glendaloch.23. Harebell,Hyacinthus non scriptus. St. George the martyr, patron of England.24. Black thorn,Prunus spinosa. St. Fidelis.25. Tulip, clarimond,Tulipa præcox. St. Mark, the Evangelist.26. Erysimum, yellow,Erysimum barbarea. St. Richarius, abbot, 645.27. Daffodil, great,Narcissus major. St. Anastasius, pope, 401.28. Arum, spotted,Arum maculatum. Sts. Didymus and Theodora, 304.29. Herb, Robert,Geranium robertianum. St. Robert, abbot of Molesme, 1110.30. Cowslip,Primula veris. St. Catherine of Sienna, 1380.MAY.1. Tulip, Genser,Tulipa gesnerina. St. Philip, supposed to have been the first of Christ’s Apostles.Bachelor’s Button,Lychnis dioica. St. James the just and the less, apostle, martyred in the tumult in the Temple.2. Charlock,Raphanus raphanistrum, orSinapus arvensis. St. Athanasius, patriarch of Alexandria, 373.3. Narcissus, poetic,Narcissus poeticus. The discovery of the cross, 326.4. Stock Gilliflower,Cheiranthus incanus. St. Monica, mother of St. Augustine.5. Apple-tree,Pyrus malus. Sts. Angelus and Pius V., pope, 1572.6. Globe Flower, bright yellow,Trollius europæus. St. John Damascene, 780.7. Globe Flower, Asiatic, bright orange,Trollius asiaticus. St. John of Beverly.8. Lily of the Valley,Convallaria majalis. St. Selena.9. Lily of the Valley,Convallaria multiflora. St. Gregory of Nazianzen, 389.10. Peony, slender-leafed,Pæonia tenuifolia. St. Comgal, Irish abbot, 601.11. Asphodel, Lancashire,Asphodelus luteus. St. Mammertus, archbishop of Vienna, 477.12. Iris, German,Iris Germanica. St. Germanus, patriarch of Constantinople, 733.13. Comfrey, common,Symphytum officinalis. St. John the silent, bishop, 558.14. Peony, common,Pæonia officinalis, and Peony, coralline,P. corollina. St. Pontius, 258.15. Poppy, Welsh,Papaver cambricum. St. Dympna, seventh century.16. Star of Bethlehem, greatOrnithogalum umbellatum. St. John Nepomucene, 1383.17. Poppy, early red,Papaver argemone. St. Paschal, 1592.18. Mouse-ear, or Hawkweed,Hieracium pilosella. St. Eric, King of Sweden, 1151.19. Monk’s hood,Aconitum napellus. St. Dunstan, archbishop of Canterbury, 988.20. Horse Chestnut,Æschylus hippocastanum. St. Bernardine of Sienna, 1444.21. Ragged Robin,Lychnis flos cuculi. St. Felix of Cantalicio, 1587.22. Star of Bethlehem, yellow,Tragopogon pratensis. St. Yvo, 1303.23. Lilac,Springa vulgaris. St. Julia, fifth century.24. Poppy, monkey,Papaver orientale. St. Vincent of Lerins, 450.25. Herb, Bennet, common,Geum urbanum. St. Urban, pope, 223.26. Rhododendron, purple,Rhododendron ponticum. St. Augustine, archbishop of Canterbury, 604.Azalea, yellow,Azalea pontica. St. Philip Neri, 1595.27. Buttercup,Ranunculus acris. St. John, pope, 526.Bachelor’s Button, yellow,Ranunculus acris plenus. St. Bede, 735.28. Iris, lurid,Iris lurida. St. Germain, bishop of Paris, 576.29. Blue-bottle,Centaurea montana. St. Cyril, about 275.30. Spearwort, lesser,Ranunculus flammula. St. Ferdinand III., confessor, King of Castile and Leon, 1252.31. Lily, Yellow Turk’s cap,Lilium pomponium. St. Petronilla, first century.JUNE.1. Rose, yellow,Rosa lutea. St. Justin, martyr, 167.2. Pimpernel, common scarlet,Anagallis arvensis. St. Erasmus, 303.3. Rose of Meaux,Rosa provincialis. St. Cecilius, 211.4. Indian Pink,Dianthus chinensis. St. Quirinus, bishop, 304.5. Rose, three-leafed China,Rosa sinica. St. Boniface, first missionary from England to Friesland; afterwards archbishop of Mentz, and primate of Germany and Belgium, eighth century.6. Pink, common,Dianthus deltoides. St. Norbert, 1134.7. Centaury, red,Chironia centaureum. St. Paul, bishop of Constantinople, 350.8. Money-wort, Herb Two-pence, or creeping Loosestrife,Lysimachia nummularia. St. Medard, bishop, sixth century.9. Barberry,Berberis vulgaris. St. Columba, 597.10. Iris, bright yellow,Iris pseudo-acorus. St. Margaret, queen of Scotland, 1093.11. Daisy, midsummer,Crysanthemum leucanthemum, St. Barnabas, apostle, first century.12. Rose, white dog,Rosa arvensis. St. John, hermit, 1479.13. Ranunculus, garden,Ranunculus asiaticus. St. Anthony of Padua, 1231.14. Basil, sweet,Ocimum basilicum. St. Basil, archbishop, 379.15. Sensitive plant,Mimosa sensitiva. St. Vitus, martyr, fourth century.16. Rose, moss,Rosa muscosa. St. Julietta, martyr, 304.17. Monkey-flower, yellow,Mimulus luteus. St. Nicandeo, about 303.18. Poppy, horned,Chelidonium glaucum. St. Marina, eighth century.19. La Julienne de Nuit,Hesperis tristis. St. Juliana Falconieri, 1340.20. Poppy, doubtful,Papaver dubium. St. Silverius, pope, 538.21. Bugloss, Viper’sEchium Vulgare. St. Aloysius, 1591.22. Canterbury Bell,Campanula medium. St. Paulinus, bishop of Nola, 431.23. Ladies Slipper,Cypripedium calceolus. St. Etheldreda, 679.24. St. John’s Wort,Hipericum pulchrum. Nativity of St. John the Baptist.25. Sweet William,Dianthus barbatus. St. William of Monte Virgine, 1142.26. Sowthistle, Alpine hairy blue,Sonchus cœruleus. St. Reingarda, 1135.27. St. John’s Wort, perforated,Hypericum perforatum. St. John of Montier, sixth century.28. Cornflower, blue,Centaurea cyanus. St. Irenæus, bishop of Lyons, 202.29. Rattle, yellow,Rhinanthus crista-galli. St. Peter the apostle.30. Cistus, yellow,Cistus helianthemum. St. Paul the apostle.JULY.1. Agrimony,Agrimonia eupatoria. St. Aaron.2. Lily white,Lilium candidum. Virgin Mary.3. Mallow, common,Malva sylvestris. St. Phocas, a gardener, 303.4. Day Lily, tawny,Hemerocallis fulva. St. Ulric, bishop of Augsburg.5. Rose, double yellow,Rosa sulphurea. St. Edana, of Elphin and Tuam.6. Hawkweed,Crepis barbata. St. Julian, anchorite, fourth century.7. Nasturtium,Tropæolum majus. St. Felix, bishop of Nantes, 584.8. Primrose, evening,Œnothera biennis. St. Elizabeth, queen of Portugal, 1336.9. Sowthistle, marsh,Sonchus palustris. St. Everildis.10. Snapdragon, speckled,Antirrhinum triphyllum. Sts. Rufina and Secunda, 257.11. Lupine, yellow,Lupinus flavus. St. James, bishop of Nisibis, 350.12. Snapdragon, great,Antirrhinum purpureum. St. John Gualbert, abbot, 1073.13. Lupine, blue,Lupinus hirsutus. St. Eugenius, bishop, 505.14. Lupine, red,Lupinus perennis. St. Bonaventure, cardinal bishop, 1274.15. Marigold, Small Cape, purple and white,Calendula pluvialis. St. Swithin, bishop, 862.16. Convolvulus,Convolvulus purpureus. St. Eustathius, patriarch of Antioch, 338.17. Sweet-pea,Lathyrus odoratus. St. Marcellina, 397.18. Marigold, autumn,Chrysanthemum coronarium. St. Bruno, bishop, 1125.19. Hawkweed, golden,Hieracium auranticum. St. Vincent de Paule, 1660.20. Dragon’s head, Virginian,Dracocephalus Virginianum. St. Margaret of Antioch.21. Lily, Philadelphian,Lilium Philadelphicum. St. Praxedes.22. Lily, African,Agapanthus umbellatus. St. Mary Magdalen.23. Musk flower,Scabias atro-purpurea. St. Apollinaris, bishop of Ravenna.24. Lupine tree,Lupinits arboreus. St. Lupus, bishop, 478.25. Herb Christopher, white,Actea spicata. St. Christopher.26. Chamomile, or Corn Feverfew,Matricaria chamomilla. St. Ann, mother of the Virgin Mary.27. Loose-strife,Lythrum salicaria. St. Pantaleon, 303.28. Groundsel, mountain,Senecio montanus. St. Innocent I., pope, 417.29. Chironia, red,Chironia centorium. St. Martha.30. Mullein, white,Verbascum lychnitis. St. Julietta, 303.31. Mullein, yellow,Verbascum virgatum. St. Ignatius of Loyola, founder of the Jesuits, 1556.AUGUST.1. Stramony, or Thorn-apple,Datura stramonium. St. Peter ad Vincula.2. Tiger Lily,Lilium tigrum. St. Alfrida, 834.3. Hollyhock,Althea rosea. Discovery of the relics of St. Stephen, 415.4. Bluebell,Campanula rotundifolia. St. Dominic, founder of the Friar Preachers, 1221.5. Lily, Egyptian water,Nelumbo nilotica. St. Mary ad Nives.6. Meadow Saffron,Colchicum autumnale.—Transfiguration of our Lord on Mount Tabor.7. Amaranth, common,Amaranthus hypochondriacus. St. Cajetan, 1547.8. Love-lies-bleeding,Amaranthus procumbens. St. Hormisdas.9. Ragwort, yellow,Senecio jacobæa. St. Romanus.10. Balsam,Impatiens balsamea. St. Lawrence, martyr, 258.11. China Aster,Aster Chinensis. St. Susanna, third century.12. Sowthistle, great corn,Sonchus arvensis. St. Clare, abbess, 1253.13. Groundsel, marsh, Great Fen Ragwort, or Bird’s Tongue,Senecio paludosus. St. Radigunda.14. Zinnia,Zinnia elegans. St. Eusebius, third century.15. Virgin’s Bower, white,Clematis vitalba. Assumption of the Virgin Mary; or the miraculous ascent of her body into heaven.16. Lily, belladonna,Amaryllis belladonna. St. Hyacinth, 1257.17. Snapdragon, Toadflax,Antirrhinum linaria. St. Manus, 275.18. Marigold, African,Tagetes erecta. St. Helen, empress, 382.19. Timothy grass, branched Cat’s Tail grass,Phleum panniculatum, orPh. asperum. St. Timothy, 304.20. Dandelion,Leontodon serotinus. St. Bernard, abbot, 1153.21. Marigold, French,Tagetes patula. St. Jean Francois de Chantal, 1641.22. Timothy, common Cat’s Tail grass,Phleum pratense. St. Timothy, 311.23. Tansy, common,Tanacetum vulgare. St. Philip Beniti, 1285.24. Sunflower, tall,Helianthus annuus. St. Bartholomew, apostle.25. Sunflower, perennial,Helianthus multiflorus. St. Louis, king of France, 1270.26. Amaryllis, banded,Amaryllis rotata. St. Zephyrinus, pope, 219.27. Hawkweed, hedge,Hieracium umbellatum. St. Cæsarius, archbishop of Arles, 542.28. Golden rod,Solidago Virga aurea. St. Augustine, bishop, 430.29. Hollyhock, yellow,Althea flava. St. Sabinus, king, about 697.30. Lily, Guernsey,Amaryllis sarniensis. St. Rose of Lima, 1617.31. Pheasant’s eye,Adonis autumnalis. St. Raymond Nonnatus, 1240.SEPTEMBER.1. Orpine, or Livelong, great,Sedum telephium. St. Giles, patron of beggars and cripples. Born at Athens; abbot of Nismes, in France, died 750.2. Golden rod,Solidago. St. Margaret, thirteenth century.3. Flea-bane, common yellow,Inula dysenterica. St. Simeon Stylites, the younger, 592.4. Soapwort, pale pink,Saponaria officinalis. St. Rosalia, 1160.5. Mushroom, or champignon,Agaricus campestris. St. Laurence Justinian, first patriarch of Venice. 1455.6. Dandelion,Leontodon autumnalis. St. Pambo of Nitria, 385.7. Starwort, golden,Aster solidaginoides. St. Cloud, 560.8. Starwort, Italian blue,Aster amellus. St. Adrian, 306.9. Golden rod, Canadian,Solidago Canadensis. St. Omer, 607.10. Crocus, autumnal,Crocus autumnalis. St. Pulcheria, empress, 453.11. Meadow Saffron, variegated,Colchicum variegatum. St. Hyacinthus, 257.12. Passion-flower, semilunar,Passiflora peltata. St. Earnswith, abbess, seventh century.13. Crocus, officinal,Crocus sativus. St. Eulogius, patriarch of Alexandria, 608.14. Passion-flower, blue,Passiflora cœrulea. Exaltation of the Holy Cross, 629.15. Saffron Byzantine,Colchicum Byzanticum. St. Nicetas, fourth century.16. Starwort, sea-blue,Aster tripolium. St. Editha, 984.17. Mallow, narrow-leafed,Malva angustifolia. St. Lambert, bishop, 709.18. Starwort, pendulous,Aster pendulus. St. Thomas, archbishop of Valencia, 1555.19. Scabius, Devil’s bit,Scabiosa succisa. St. Lucy, 1090.20. Meadow Saffron, common,Colchicum autumnale. St. Eustachius.21. Passion-flower, fringed-leafed, variegated,Passiflora ciliata. St. Matthew, the Evangelist.22. Boletus, tree,Boletus arboreus. St. Maurice, fourth century.23. Starwort, white bushy,Aster dumosus. St. Thecla, first century.24. Fungus,Agaricus fimetarius. St. Gerard, bishop, 1046.25. Boletus, great, order Fungi,Boletus bovinus. St. Ceolfrid, abbot, 716.26. Golden rod, great,Solidago gigantea. St. Justina, 304.27. Starwort, white small-leafed N. American,Aster multiflorus. St. Delphina, 1323.28. Golden rod, evergreen,Solidago sempervirens. St. Eustochium, 419.29. Michaelmas Daisy,Aster tradescanti. St. Michael and all angels.30. Amaryllis, golden,Amaryllis aurea. St. Jerome, 420.OCTOBER.1. Amaryllis, lowly,Amaryllis humilis. St. Remigius, bishop of Rheims, 533.2. Soapwort,Saponaria officinalis. Feast of the holy guardian angels.3. Helenium, downy,Helenium pubescens. St. Dionysius, the Areopagite, 51.4. Southernwood, dwarf,Artemisa abrotanum. St. Francis of Assissi, founder of the order of Franciscans, 1226.5. Chamomile, starlike, a fungus,Boltonia asteroides. St. Placidus, 546.6. Feverfew, creeping rooted,Pyrethrum serotinum. St. Bruno, founder of the Carthusian order, 1101.7. Chrysanthemum, Indian,Chrysanthemum Indicum. St. Mark, pope, 336.8. Maudlin, sweet,Achillea ageratum. St. Bridget, 1373.9. Mushroom, milky,Agaricus lactifluus acris, orA. Listeri. St. Denys, patron saint of France.10. Aletris, Cape waved-leafed,Aletris viridifolia. St. Francis Borgia, 1572.11. Holly, common,Ilex aquifolium. St. Ethelburga, 664.12. Fleabane, wavy,Inula undulata. St. Wilfred, bishop of York, 709.13. Helenium, yellow, smooth,Helenium autumnale. St. Edward, king and confessor, 1066.14. Fleabane, Indian,Inula Indica. St. Calixtus, pope, 222.15. Sweet Sultan, purple,Centaurea moschata. St. Teresa, 1582.16. Yarrow,Achillea millefolium. St. Gall, abbot, 646.17. Sunflower, dwarf,Helianthus indicus. St. Anstrudis, 688.18. Mushroom,Agaricus floccosus. St. Luke, Evangelist, 63.19. Tick-seed, perennial,Coreopsis procera. St. Frideswith, patroness of Oxford, eighth century.20. Sweet Sultan, yellow,Centaurea suaveolens. St. Artemius, 362.21. Silphium, hairy-stalked,Silphium asteriscus. St. Ursula, fifth century.22. Silphium, rough three-leafed,Silphium trifoliatum. St. Nunilo, 840.23. Starwort, slender-stalked,Aster junceus. St. Theodoret, 362.24. Starwort, Carolina,Aster Carolinus flexuosus. St. Proclus, archbishop of Constantinople, 447.25. Starwort, fleabane,Aster Conizoides. St. Crispin, 287.Starwort, meagre,Aster miser. St. Crispinian, 287.—These were brothers and martyrs, shoemakers, and patrons of that art.26. Golden rod, late flowered,Solidago petiolaris. St. Evaristus, pope, 112.27. Starwort, floribund,Aster floribundus. St. Frumentius, apostle of Ethiopia, fourth century.28. Chrysanthemum, late-flowering creeping.Chrys. serotinumSt. Simon, Apostle, the Zealot.Starwort, scattered,Aster passiflorus. St. Jude, Apostle.29. Narcissus, green autumnal,Narcissus viridiflorus. St. Narcissus, bishop of Jerusalem, second century.30. Mushroom, mixed,Agaricus fimetarius. St. Marcellus the centurion, 298.31. Tick-seed, fennel-leaved,Coreopsis ferulafolia. St. Quintin, 287.NOVEMBER.1. Laurustinus,Laurustinus sempervirens. St. Fortunatus.2. Cherry, winter,Physalis. St. Marcian, 387.3. Primrose,Primula vulgaris. St. Flour, 389.4. Strawberry tree,Arbutus. St. Brinstane, bishop of Winchester, 931.5. Cherry, common winter,Physalis alkakengi. St. Bertille, abbess of Chelles, 692.6. Yew tree, common,Taxus baccata. St. Leonard, sixth century.7. Furcræa,Furcræa gigantea. St. Willebord, first bishop of Utrecht, 738.8. Aletris, Cape,Veltheimia. The four crowned Brothers, martyrs, 304.9. Aletris, glaucous-leafed,Veltheimia glauca. St. John Lateran.10. Fir, Scotch,Pinus sylvestris. St. Nympha, fifth century.11. Pine, Weymouth,Pinus strobus. St. Martin, bishop, 397.12. Aloe, great orange-flowering,Veltheimia, orAletris uvaria. St. Nilus, 390.13. Bay,Laurus poetica. St. Homobonus, 1197.14. Laurel, Portugal,Cerasus Lusitanica. St. Lawrence, bishop of Dublin, 1180.15. Colt’s foot, sweet-scented,Tussilago fragrans. St. Gertrude, abbess, 1292.16. Hemp, African bow-string,Sanseviera Guineensis. St. Edmund, archbishop of Canterbury, 1242.17. Stramony, or Thorn-apple tree,Datura arborea. St. Gregory, Thaumaturgus, bishop, 270.18. Passion-flower, notch-leafed,Passiflora serratifolia. Dedication of the churches of St. Peter and St. Paul at Rome.19. Passion-flower, apple-fruited,Passiflora maliformis. St. Elizabeth of Hungary, 1231.20. Stapelia, red,Stapelia rubra. St. Edmund, king and martyr, 870.21. Sorrel, wood,Oxalis grandiflora. Presentation of the Virgin Mary.22. Sorrel, wood, tube-flowered,Oxalis tubiflora. St. Cecilia, martyr, and patroness of music, particularly of sacred music; supposed to be the inventress of the organ, 230.23. Sorrel, convex,Oxalis convexula. St. Clement, pope, 100.24. Stapelia, starry,Stapelia radiata. St. John of the Cross, 1591.25. Butterbur, sweet,Tussilago fragrans. St. Catherine, patroness of spinsters, third century.26. Sorrel, linear,Oxalis linearis. St. Conrad, bishop of Constance, 976.27. Sorrel, lupine-leafed,Oxalis lupinifolia. St. Virgil, bishop of Salzburg, 784.28. Stapelia, variegated,Stapelia variegata. St. Stephen the younger, 764.29. Sphenogyne,S. piloflora. St. Saturninus, bishop, 257.30. Sorrel, three-coloured,Oxalis tricolor. St. Sapor, bishop.DECEMBER.1. Stapelia, dark,S. pulla. St. Eligius, bishop of Noyon, 659.2. Geodorum, lemon,Geodorum citrinum. St. Bibiania, 363.3. Indian tree,Euphorbia tirucalle. St. Francis Xavier, 1552.4. Gooseberry, Barbadoes,Cactus pereskia. St. Chrysologus, 450.5. Hibiscus, long-stalked,H. pedunculatus. St. Crispina, 304.6. Heath, nest-flowered,Erica nudiflora. St. Nicholas, archbishop of Myra, 342.7. Achania, hairy,Achania pilosa. St. Ambrose, 397.8. Arbor Vitæ, American,Thuga occidentalis. Blessed Virgin Mary.9. Spruce, Corsican,Pinus laricio. St. Leodocia, 304.10. Cypress, Portugal,Cupressus pendula. St. Eulalia.11. Pine, Aleppo,Pinus halapensis. St. Damascus, pope, 384.12. Heath, crowded,Erica abietina. St. Eadburga, 751.13. Arbor Vitæ, African,Thuga cupressoides. St. Lucy, martyr of Syracuse, 304.14. Pine, swamp,Pinus palustris. St. Spiridion, archbishop, 348.15. Pine, pitch,Pinus resinosa. St. Florence, abbot.16. Arbor Vitas, Chinese,Thuga orientalis. St. Adelaide, empress, 999.17. Cedar, white,Cupressus thyoides. St. Olympias, 410.18. Cypress, New-Holland,Cupressus australis. St. Winebald, 760.19. Heath, two-coloured,Erica bicolor. St. Samthana, abbess, 738.20. Stone-pine,Pinus pinea. St. Philogonius, bishop of Antioch, 322.21. Sparrow-wort,Erica passerina. St. Thomas, apostle.22. Heath, pellucid,Erica pellucida. St. Cyril, 881.23. Cedar of Lebanon,Pinus cedrus. St. Victoria, 250.24. Pine, frankincense,Pinus tæda. Sts. Thrasilla and Emiliana.25. Holly,Ilex aculeata baccifera. Nativity of our Saviour.26. Heath, purple,Erica purpurea. St. Stephen, first martyr.27. Heath, flame,Erica flammea. St. John, the Evangelist.28. Heath, bloody-flowered,Erica cruenta. The Holy Innocents, who suffered from Herod’s cruelty.29. Heath,Erica genistopha. St. Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury, 1170.30. Ponthieva, glandular,Ponthieva glandulosa. St. Anysia, 304.31. There is no flower appropriated to this day.
JANUARY.
1. Laurustinus,Vibernum tinus. St. Faine, or Fanchea, an Irish saint of the sixth century.
2. Groundsel,Senecio vulgaris. St. Macarius of Alexandria, 394.
3. Iris, Persian,Iris Persica. St. Genevieve, patroness of Paris, 422.
4. Hazel,Corylus avellana. St. Titus, disciple of St. Paul.
5. Hellebore,Helleborus fœtidus. St. Simeon Stylites of Rome.
6. Moss, screw,Tortula rigida. St. Nilammon.
7. Laurel, Portugal,Prunus Lusitanica. St. Kentigerna.
8. Tremella, yellow,Tremella deliquescens. St. Gudula, patroness of Brussels.
9. Laurel, common,Prunus lauro-cerasus, or common small-fruited cherry. St. Marciana of Rome.
10. Gorse, or Furze,Ulex Europœus. St. William of Bourges, 1207.
11. Moss, early,Bryum hornum. Swan-neck thread-moss. St. Theodosius.
12. Moss, hygrometric,Funaria hygrometrica. St. Arcadius.
13. Yew tree, common,Taxus bacata. St. Veronica, a nun of Milan, 1497.
14. Strawberry, barren,Fragaria sterilis. St. Hilary, 368.
15. Ivy,Hedera helix. St. Paul, the first hermit.
16. Nettle, common red Dead,Lamium purpureum. St. Marcellus, Pope.
17. Anemone, garden,Anemone hortensis. St. Anthony, patriarch of monks, 251.
18. Moss, four-toothed,Bryum pellucidum. St. Prisca, a Roman martyr.
19. Nettle, white Dead,Lamium album. St. Martha, a Roman martyr, 270.
20. Nettle, woolly Dead,Lamium Gargaricum. St. Fabian, Pope.
21. Hellebore, black,Helleborus niger. St. Agnes, a special patroness of purity: beheaded at the age of thirteen, 304.
22. Grass, early whitlow,Draba verna. St. Vincent, a Spanish martyr.
23. Peziza,Peziza acetobolum. St. Raymond of Pennafort, 1275.
24. Moss, stalkless,Phascum muticum. St. Timothy, disciple of St. Paul, 250.
25. Hellebore, winter,Helleborus hyemalis. The Conversion of St. Paul.
26. Butter-bur, white,Tussilago alba, or Colt’s-foot. St. Polycarp.
27. Moss, earth,Phascum cuspidatum. St. Chrysostom.
28. Daisy, double,Bellis perennis plenus. St. Margaret of Hungary, 1271.
29. Fern, flowering,Osmunda regalis. St. Francis of Sales, 1622.
30. Spleen-wort,Asplenium trichomanes. St. Martin.
31. Hart’s Tongue, or Spleen-wort,Asplenium scolopendrium. St. Marcella, 410.
FEBRUARY.
1. Moss, lesser water,Fontinalis minor. St. Ignatius; and Bay-tree,Laurus nobilis. St. Bridget, patroness of Ireland.
2. Snow-drop,Galanthus nivalis. Purification of the Virgin Mary.
3. Moss, great water,Fontinalis anti-pyretica, St. Blase of Armenia, 316.
4. Moss, common hair, or Goldilocks,Polytrichum commune. St. Jane, or Queen Joan, 1505.
Bay, Indian,Laurus indica. St. Margaret of England.
5. Primrose, common,Primula vulgaris. St. Agatha, a Sicilian martyr.
Primrose, red,Primula acaulis. St. Adelaide, 1015.
6. Hyacinth, blue,Hyacinthus orientalis. St. Dorothy, 308.
7. Cyclamen, round-leafed,Cyclamen coum. St. Romuald, 1027.
8. Moss, narrow-leafed spring,Mnium androgynum. St. John of Matha, 1213.
9. Narcissus, Roman,Narcissus Romanus. St. Apollonia, 249.
10. Mezereon,Daphne mezereon. St. Scholastica, 543.
Moss, silky fork,Mnium heteromallum. St. Coteris, fourth century.
11. Primrose, red,Primula verna rubra. St. Theodora, empress, 367.
12. Anemone, noble Liverwort,Anemone hepatica. St. Eulalia of Barcelona.
13. Polyanthos,Plimula Polyanthus. St. Catherine de Ricci, 1589.
14. Crocus, yellow,Crocus mœsiacus, orCrocus aureus. St. Valentine, the lover’s saint. He was a priest at Rome, and married there about the year 270.
15. Crocus, cloth of gold,Crocus sulphureus. St. Sigifred, bishop of Sweden, 1002.
16. Primrose, lilac,Primula acaulis plena. St. Juliana.
17. Crocus, Scotch,Crocus susianus. St. Flavian, archbishop of Constantinople, 449.
18. Speedwell, wall,Veronica vernus arvensis. St. Simeon, bishop of Jerusalem, 116.
19. Speedwell, field,Veronica agrestis. St. Barbatus, patron of Benevento, bishop, 682.
20. Cynoglossum omphalodes, orC. lusitanicum. St. Milfred, abbess of Munster.
21. Crocus, white,Crocus albus. St. Servianus, bishop, 452.
22. Margaret, herb,Bellis perennis. St. Margaret of Cortona, 1297.
23. Apricot tree,Prunus armeniaca. St. Milburge of England.
24. Fern, great,Osmunda regalis. St. Ethelbert, King of Kent.
25. Peach blossom,Amygdalus persica. St. Walburg, abbess of Swabia, Germany.
26. Periwinkle, lesser,Vinca minor. St. Victor, seventh century.
27. Lungwort,Pulmonaria officinalis. St. Leander, bishop, 596.
28. Crocus, purple,Crocus vernus. St. Proterius, patriarch of Alexandria, 557.
MARCH.
1. Leek, common,Allium porrum. St. David of Wales, archbishop, 544.
2. Chickweed, dwarf mouse-ear,Cerastium pumilum. St. Chad, or Ceada, martyr, under the Lombards, in the sixth century.
3. Marigold, golden fig,Mesembryanthemum aureum. St. Cunegunda, empress, 1040.
4. Chickweed, common,Alsine media. St. Casimir, prince of Poland, 1458.
5. Hellebore, green,Helleborus viridis. St. Adrian, 309.
6. Lily, Lent,Pseudo narcissus multiplex. St. Colette, bishop.
7. Daffodil, early,Narcissus simplex. St. Perpetua, martyred under the emperor Severus, 203.
8. Rose, ever-blowing,Rosa semperflorens. St. Rosa, of Viterbo, 1261.
Jonquil, great,Narcissus lœtus. St. Felix, 646.
9. Daffodil, hoop-petticoat,Narcissus bulbocodium. St. Catherine of Bologna, 1463.
10. Chickweed, upright,Veronica triphyllos. St. Droctavæus, abbot, 580.
11. Heath, Cornish,Erica vagans. St. Eulogius of Cordova, 851.
12. Ixia, or crocus-leafed Mistletoe,Ixia bulbocodium, orViscum albus bulbus. St. Gregory the Great, prætor of Rome, 574.
13. Heart’s Ease,Viola tricolor. St. Euphrasia, 410.
14. Bindweed, mountain,Soldanella alpina. St. Maud, or Matilda, queen, 968.
15. Colt’s-foot, common,Tussilago farfara. St. Zachary, pope, 752.
16. Daffodil, nodding,Narcissus nutans. St. Julian of Cilicia.
17. Violet, sweet,Viola odorata. St. Gertrude, abbess, 626.
Shamrock, White Trefoil,Trifolium repens. St. Patrick, apostle of Ireland.
18. Leopard’s bane, great,Doronicum pardalianches. St. Cyril, archbishop of Jerusalem.
19. Star of Bethlehem, yellow,Ornithogalum luteum. St. Joseph, spouse of the Virgin Mary.
20. Violet, dog’s,Viola canina. St. Wolfram, archbishop of Sens, 720.
21. Fumitory, bulbous,Fumaria bulbosa. St. Bennet, or Benedict, founder of the Order of Benedict, of Rome, 543.
22. Ficaria verna. St. Catherine of Sweden, abbess, 1381.
23. Daffodil, peerless,Narcissus incomparabilis. St. Alphonsus Turibius, archbishop of Lima, 1606.
24. Saxifrage, golden,Chrysosplenium oppositifolium. St. Irenæus, bishop of Sirmium, 304.
25. Marigold,Calendula officinalis. Annunciation of the Virgin Mary.
26. Henbane, nightshade-leafed,Hyosciamus scopalia. St. Braulio, bishop of Saragossa, 646.
27. Jonquil, sweet,Narcissus odorus. St. John of Egypt, hermit, 394.
28. Leopard’s bane,Doronicum plantagineum. St. Priscus, 260.
29. Ox-lip, or great Cowslip,Primula elatior. St. Eustatius, abbot, 625.
Fumitory,Fumaria officinalis. St. Jonas, 327.
30. Water-cress,Cardamine hirsuta. St. John of Climacus.
Daffodil, lesser,Narcissus minor. St. Zosimus, bishop of Syracuse, 660.
31. Benjamin tree,Laurus benzoin. St. Benjamin, deacon, martyr, 424.
APRIL.
1. Mercury, French annual,Mercurialis annua. St. Hugh, bishop, 1132.
2. Violet, white,Viola alba. St. Francis of Paula, a native of Calabria.
3. Alkanet, evergreen,Anchusa sempervirens. St. Agape, 304.
4. Crown Imperial, red,Fritillaria imperialis. St. Isidore, bishop of Seville, 636.
5. Crown Imperial, yellow,Fritillaria imperialis lutea. Vincent Ferrer, 1419.
6. Hyacinth, starch,Hyacinthus racemosus. St. Sixtus I., pope.
7. Anemone, wood,Anemona nemorosa. St. Aphraates, fourth century.
8. Ground-ivy,Glechoma hederacea. St. Dionysius, bishop of Corinth.
9. Polyanthos, red,Primula. St. Mary of Egypt, 421.
10. Violet, pale,Viola tambrigens. St. Mechtildes, abbess, fourteenth century.
11. Dandelion,Leontodon taraxacum. St. Leo the Great, pope, 461.
12. Saxifrage, great thick-leafed,Saxifraga crassifolia. St. Zeno, bishop, 380.
13. Narcissus, green,Narcissus viridiflorus. St. Hermenegild, martyr, 586.
14. Borage, common,Borago officinalis. St. Lidwina, 1184.
15. Stitchwort, greater,Stellaria holostea. St. Peter Gonzales, 1246.
16. Tulip, yellow,Tulipa sylvestris. St. Joachim of Sienna, 1305.
17. Arum, Friar’s cowl, broad-leafed,Arum arisarum. St. Stephen of Citeaux, abbot, 1134.
18. Narcissus, musk,Narcissus moschatus. St. Appollonius, 186.
19. Garlic,Allium ursinum. St. Leo IX., pope, 1054.
20. Snowflake, spring,Leucoium vernum. St. Agnes of Monte Pulciano, 1317.
21. Narcissus, cypress,Narcissus orientalis albus. St. Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury.
22. Crowfoot, wood, or Goldilocks,Ranunculus auricomus. St. Rufus of Glendaloch.
23. Harebell,Hyacinthus non scriptus. St. George the martyr, patron of England.
24. Black thorn,Prunus spinosa. St. Fidelis.
25. Tulip, clarimond,Tulipa præcox. St. Mark, the Evangelist.
26. Erysimum, yellow,Erysimum barbarea. St. Richarius, abbot, 645.
27. Daffodil, great,Narcissus major. St. Anastasius, pope, 401.
28. Arum, spotted,Arum maculatum. Sts. Didymus and Theodora, 304.
29. Herb, Robert,Geranium robertianum. St. Robert, abbot of Molesme, 1110.
30. Cowslip,Primula veris. St. Catherine of Sienna, 1380.
MAY.
1. Tulip, Genser,Tulipa gesnerina. St. Philip, supposed to have been the first of Christ’s Apostles.
Bachelor’s Button,Lychnis dioica. St. James the just and the less, apostle, martyred in the tumult in the Temple.
2. Charlock,Raphanus raphanistrum, orSinapus arvensis. St. Athanasius, patriarch of Alexandria, 373.
3. Narcissus, poetic,Narcissus poeticus. The discovery of the cross, 326.
4. Stock Gilliflower,Cheiranthus incanus. St. Monica, mother of St. Augustine.
5. Apple-tree,Pyrus malus. Sts. Angelus and Pius V., pope, 1572.
6. Globe Flower, bright yellow,Trollius europæus. St. John Damascene, 780.
7. Globe Flower, Asiatic, bright orange,Trollius asiaticus. St. John of Beverly.
8. Lily of the Valley,Convallaria majalis. St. Selena.
9. Lily of the Valley,Convallaria multiflora. St. Gregory of Nazianzen, 389.
10. Peony, slender-leafed,Pæonia tenuifolia. St. Comgal, Irish abbot, 601.
11. Asphodel, Lancashire,Asphodelus luteus. St. Mammertus, archbishop of Vienna, 477.
12. Iris, German,Iris Germanica. St. Germanus, patriarch of Constantinople, 733.
13. Comfrey, common,Symphytum officinalis. St. John the silent, bishop, 558.
14. Peony, common,Pæonia officinalis, and Peony, coralline,P. corollina. St. Pontius, 258.
15. Poppy, Welsh,Papaver cambricum. St. Dympna, seventh century.
16. Star of Bethlehem, greatOrnithogalum umbellatum. St. John Nepomucene, 1383.
17. Poppy, early red,Papaver argemone. St. Paschal, 1592.
18. Mouse-ear, or Hawkweed,Hieracium pilosella. St. Eric, King of Sweden, 1151.
19. Monk’s hood,Aconitum napellus. St. Dunstan, archbishop of Canterbury, 988.
20. Horse Chestnut,Æschylus hippocastanum. St. Bernardine of Sienna, 1444.
21. Ragged Robin,Lychnis flos cuculi. St. Felix of Cantalicio, 1587.
22. Star of Bethlehem, yellow,Tragopogon pratensis. St. Yvo, 1303.
23. Lilac,Springa vulgaris. St. Julia, fifth century.
24. Poppy, monkey,Papaver orientale. St. Vincent of Lerins, 450.
25. Herb, Bennet, common,Geum urbanum. St. Urban, pope, 223.
26. Rhododendron, purple,Rhododendron ponticum. St. Augustine, archbishop of Canterbury, 604.
Azalea, yellow,Azalea pontica. St. Philip Neri, 1595.
27. Buttercup,Ranunculus acris. St. John, pope, 526.
Bachelor’s Button, yellow,Ranunculus acris plenus. St. Bede, 735.
28. Iris, lurid,Iris lurida. St. Germain, bishop of Paris, 576.
29. Blue-bottle,Centaurea montana. St. Cyril, about 275.
30. Spearwort, lesser,Ranunculus flammula. St. Ferdinand III., confessor, King of Castile and Leon, 1252.
31. Lily, Yellow Turk’s cap,Lilium pomponium. St. Petronilla, first century.
JUNE.
1. Rose, yellow,Rosa lutea. St. Justin, martyr, 167.
2. Pimpernel, common scarlet,Anagallis arvensis. St. Erasmus, 303.
3. Rose of Meaux,Rosa provincialis. St. Cecilius, 211.
4. Indian Pink,Dianthus chinensis. St. Quirinus, bishop, 304.
5. Rose, three-leafed China,Rosa sinica. St. Boniface, first missionary from England to Friesland; afterwards archbishop of Mentz, and primate of Germany and Belgium, eighth century.
6. Pink, common,Dianthus deltoides. St. Norbert, 1134.
7. Centaury, red,Chironia centaureum. St. Paul, bishop of Constantinople, 350.
8. Money-wort, Herb Two-pence, or creeping Loosestrife,Lysimachia nummularia. St. Medard, bishop, sixth century.
9. Barberry,Berberis vulgaris. St. Columba, 597.
10. Iris, bright yellow,Iris pseudo-acorus. St. Margaret, queen of Scotland, 1093.
11. Daisy, midsummer,Crysanthemum leucanthemum, St. Barnabas, apostle, first century.
12. Rose, white dog,Rosa arvensis. St. John, hermit, 1479.
13. Ranunculus, garden,Ranunculus asiaticus. St. Anthony of Padua, 1231.
14. Basil, sweet,Ocimum basilicum. St. Basil, archbishop, 379.
15. Sensitive plant,Mimosa sensitiva. St. Vitus, martyr, fourth century.
16. Rose, moss,Rosa muscosa. St. Julietta, martyr, 304.
17. Monkey-flower, yellow,Mimulus luteus. St. Nicandeo, about 303.
18. Poppy, horned,Chelidonium glaucum. St. Marina, eighth century.
19. La Julienne de Nuit,Hesperis tristis. St. Juliana Falconieri, 1340.
20. Poppy, doubtful,Papaver dubium. St. Silverius, pope, 538.
21. Bugloss, Viper’sEchium Vulgare. St. Aloysius, 1591.
22. Canterbury Bell,Campanula medium. St. Paulinus, bishop of Nola, 431.
23. Ladies Slipper,Cypripedium calceolus. St. Etheldreda, 679.
24. St. John’s Wort,Hipericum pulchrum. Nativity of St. John the Baptist.
25. Sweet William,Dianthus barbatus. St. William of Monte Virgine, 1142.
26. Sowthistle, Alpine hairy blue,Sonchus cœruleus. St. Reingarda, 1135.
27. St. John’s Wort, perforated,Hypericum perforatum. St. John of Montier, sixth century.
28. Cornflower, blue,Centaurea cyanus. St. Irenæus, bishop of Lyons, 202.
29. Rattle, yellow,Rhinanthus crista-galli. St. Peter the apostle.
30. Cistus, yellow,Cistus helianthemum. St. Paul the apostle.
JULY.
1. Agrimony,Agrimonia eupatoria. St. Aaron.
2. Lily white,Lilium candidum. Virgin Mary.
3. Mallow, common,Malva sylvestris. St. Phocas, a gardener, 303.
4. Day Lily, tawny,Hemerocallis fulva. St. Ulric, bishop of Augsburg.
5. Rose, double yellow,Rosa sulphurea. St. Edana, of Elphin and Tuam.
6. Hawkweed,Crepis barbata. St. Julian, anchorite, fourth century.
7. Nasturtium,Tropæolum majus. St. Felix, bishop of Nantes, 584.
8. Primrose, evening,Œnothera biennis. St. Elizabeth, queen of Portugal, 1336.
9. Sowthistle, marsh,Sonchus palustris. St. Everildis.
10. Snapdragon, speckled,Antirrhinum triphyllum. Sts. Rufina and Secunda, 257.
11. Lupine, yellow,Lupinus flavus. St. James, bishop of Nisibis, 350.
12. Snapdragon, great,Antirrhinum purpureum. St. John Gualbert, abbot, 1073.
13. Lupine, blue,Lupinus hirsutus. St. Eugenius, bishop, 505.
14. Lupine, red,Lupinus perennis. St. Bonaventure, cardinal bishop, 1274.
15. Marigold, Small Cape, purple and white,Calendula pluvialis. St. Swithin, bishop, 862.
16. Convolvulus,Convolvulus purpureus. St. Eustathius, patriarch of Antioch, 338.
17. Sweet-pea,Lathyrus odoratus. St. Marcellina, 397.
18. Marigold, autumn,Chrysanthemum coronarium. St. Bruno, bishop, 1125.
19. Hawkweed, golden,Hieracium auranticum. St. Vincent de Paule, 1660.
20. Dragon’s head, Virginian,Dracocephalus Virginianum. St. Margaret of Antioch.
21. Lily, Philadelphian,Lilium Philadelphicum. St. Praxedes.
22. Lily, African,Agapanthus umbellatus. St. Mary Magdalen.
23. Musk flower,Scabias atro-purpurea. St. Apollinaris, bishop of Ravenna.
24. Lupine tree,Lupinits arboreus. St. Lupus, bishop, 478.
25. Herb Christopher, white,Actea spicata. St. Christopher.
26. Chamomile, or Corn Feverfew,Matricaria chamomilla. St. Ann, mother of the Virgin Mary.
27. Loose-strife,Lythrum salicaria. St. Pantaleon, 303.
28. Groundsel, mountain,Senecio montanus. St. Innocent I., pope, 417.
29. Chironia, red,Chironia centorium. St. Martha.
30. Mullein, white,Verbascum lychnitis. St. Julietta, 303.
31. Mullein, yellow,Verbascum virgatum. St. Ignatius of Loyola, founder of the Jesuits, 1556.
AUGUST.
1. Stramony, or Thorn-apple,Datura stramonium. St. Peter ad Vincula.
2. Tiger Lily,Lilium tigrum. St. Alfrida, 834.
3. Hollyhock,Althea rosea. Discovery of the relics of St. Stephen, 415.
4. Bluebell,Campanula rotundifolia. St. Dominic, founder of the Friar Preachers, 1221.
5. Lily, Egyptian water,Nelumbo nilotica. St. Mary ad Nives.
6. Meadow Saffron,Colchicum autumnale.—Transfiguration of our Lord on Mount Tabor.
7. Amaranth, common,Amaranthus hypochondriacus. St. Cajetan, 1547.
8. Love-lies-bleeding,Amaranthus procumbens. St. Hormisdas.
9. Ragwort, yellow,Senecio jacobæa. St. Romanus.
10. Balsam,Impatiens balsamea. St. Lawrence, martyr, 258.
11. China Aster,Aster Chinensis. St. Susanna, third century.
12. Sowthistle, great corn,Sonchus arvensis. St. Clare, abbess, 1253.
13. Groundsel, marsh, Great Fen Ragwort, or Bird’s Tongue,Senecio paludosus. St. Radigunda.
14. Zinnia,Zinnia elegans. St. Eusebius, third century.
15. Virgin’s Bower, white,Clematis vitalba. Assumption of the Virgin Mary; or the miraculous ascent of her body into heaven.
16. Lily, belladonna,Amaryllis belladonna. St. Hyacinth, 1257.
17. Snapdragon, Toadflax,Antirrhinum linaria. St. Manus, 275.
18. Marigold, African,Tagetes erecta. St. Helen, empress, 382.
19. Timothy grass, branched Cat’s Tail grass,Phleum panniculatum, orPh. asperum. St. Timothy, 304.
20. Dandelion,Leontodon serotinus. St. Bernard, abbot, 1153.
21. Marigold, French,Tagetes patula. St. Jean Francois de Chantal, 1641.
22. Timothy, common Cat’s Tail grass,Phleum pratense. St. Timothy, 311.
23. Tansy, common,Tanacetum vulgare. St. Philip Beniti, 1285.
24. Sunflower, tall,Helianthus annuus. St. Bartholomew, apostle.
25. Sunflower, perennial,Helianthus multiflorus. St. Louis, king of France, 1270.
26. Amaryllis, banded,Amaryllis rotata. St. Zephyrinus, pope, 219.
27. Hawkweed, hedge,Hieracium umbellatum. St. Cæsarius, archbishop of Arles, 542.
28. Golden rod,Solidago Virga aurea. St. Augustine, bishop, 430.
29. Hollyhock, yellow,Althea flava. St. Sabinus, king, about 697.
30. Lily, Guernsey,Amaryllis sarniensis. St. Rose of Lima, 1617.
31. Pheasant’s eye,Adonis autumnalis. St. Raymond Nonnatus, 1240.
SEPTEMBER.
1. Orpine, or Livelong, great,Sedum telephium. St. Giles, patron of beggars and cripples. Born at Athens; abbot of Nismes, in France, died 750.
2. Golden rod,Solidago. St. Margaret, thirteenth century.
3. Flea-bane, common yellow,Inula dysenterica. St. Simeon Stylites, the younger, 592.
4. Soapwort, pale pink,Saponaria officinalis. St. Rosalia, 1160.
5. Mushroom, or champignon,Agaricus campestris. St. Laurence Justinian, first patriarch of Venice. 1455.
6. Dandelion,Leontodon autumnalis. St. Pambo of Nitria, 385.
7. Starwort, golden,Aster solidaginoides. St. Cloud, 560.
8. Starwort, Italian blue,Aster amellus. St. Adrian, 306.
9. Golden rod, Canadian,Solidago Canadensis. St. Omer, 607.
10. Crocus, autumnal,Crocus autumnalis. St. Pulcheria, empress, 453.
11. Meadow Saffron, variegated,Colchicum variegatum. St. Hyacinthus, 257.
12. Passion-flower, semilunar,Passiflora peltata. St. Earnswith, abbess, seventh century.
13. Crocus, officinal,Crocus sativus. St. Eulogius, patriarch of Alexandria, 608.
14. Passion-flower, blue,Passiflora cœrulea. Exaltation of the Holy Cross, 629.
15. Saffron Byzantine,Colchicum Byzanticum. St. Nicetas, fourth century.
16. Starwort, sea-blue,Aster tripolium. St. Editha, 984.
17. Mallow, narrow-leafed,Malva angustifolia. St. Lambert, bishop, 709.
18. Starwort, pendulous,Aster pendulus. St. Thomas, archbishop of Valencia, 1555.
19. Scabius, Devil’s bit,Scabiosa succisa. St. Lucy, 1090.
20. Meadow Saffron, common,Colchicum autumnale. St. Eustachius.
21. Passion-flower, fringed-leafed, variegated,Passiflora ciliata. St. Matthew, the Evangelist.
22. Boletus, tree,Boletus arboreus. St. Maurice, fourth century.
23. Starwort, white bushy,Aster dumosus. St. Thecla, first century.
24. Fungus,Agaricus fimetarius. St. Gerard, bishop, 1046.
25. Boletus, great, order Fungi,Boletus bovinus. St. Ceolfrid, abbot, 716.
26. Golden rod, great,Solidago gigantea. St. Justina, 304.
27. Starwort, white small-leafed N. American,Aster multiflorus. St. Delphina, 1323.
28. Golden rod, evergreen,Solidago sempervirens. St. Eustochium, 419.
29. Michaelmas Daisy,Aster tradescanti. St. Michael and all angels.
30. Amaryllis, golden,Amaryllis aurea. St. Jerome, 420.
OCTOBER.
1. Amaryllis, lowly,Amaryllis humilis. St. Remigius, bishop of Rheims, 533.
2. Soapwort,Saponaria officinalis. Feast of the holy guardian angels.
3. Helenium, downy,Helenium pubescens. St. Dionysius, the Areopagite, 51.
4. Southernwood, dwarf,Artemisa abrotanum. St. Francis of Assissi, founder of the order of Franciscans, 1226.
5. Chamomile, starlike, a fungus,Boltonia asteroides. St. Placidus, 546.
6. Feverfew, creeping rooted,Pyrethrum serotinum. St. Bruno, founder of the Carthusian order, 1101.
7. Chrysanthemum, Indian,Chrysanthemum Indicum. St. Mark, pope, 336.
8. Maudlin, sweet,Achillea ageratum. St. Bridget, 1373.
9. Mushroom, milky,Agaricus lactifluus acris, orA. Listeri. St. Denys, patron saint of France.
10. Aletris, Cape waved-leafed,Aletris viridifolia. St. Francis Borgia, 1572.
11. Holly, common,Ilex aquifolium. St. Ethelburga, 664.
12. Fleabane, wavy,Inula undulata. St. Wilfred, bishop of York, 709.
13. Helenium, yellow, smooth,Helenium autumnale. St. Edward, king and confessor, 1066.
14. Fleabane, Indian,Inula Indica. St. Calixtus, pope, 222.
15. Sweet Sultan, purple,Centaurea moschata. St. Teresa, 1582.
16. Yarrow,Achillea millefolium. St. Gall, abbot, 646.
17. Sunflower, dwarf,Helianthus indicus. St. Anstrudis, 688.
18. Mushroom,Agaricus floccosus. St. Luke, Evangelist, 63.
19. Tick-seed, perennial,Coreopsis procera. St. Frideswith, patroness of Oxford, eighth century.
20. Sweet Sultan, yellow,Centaurea suaveolens. St. Artemius, 362.
21. Silphium, hairy-stalked,Silphium asteriscus. St. Ursula, fifth century.
22. Silphium, rough three-leafed,Silphium trifoliatum. St. Nunilo, 840.
23. Starwort, slender-stalked,Aster junceus. St. Theodoret, 362.
24. Starwort, Carolina,Aster Carolinus flexuosus. St. Proclus, archbishop of Constantinople, 447.
25. Starwort, fleabane,Aster Conizoides. St. Crispin, 287.
Starwort, meagre,Aster miser. St. Crispinian, 287.—These were brothers and martyrs, shoemakers, and patrons of that art.
26. Golden rod, late flowered,Solidago petiolaris. St. Evaristus, pope, 112.
27. Starwort, floribund,Aster floribundus. St. Frumentius, apostle of Ethiopia, fourth century.
28. Chrysanthemum, late-flowering creeping.Chrys. serotinumSt. Simon, Apostle, the Zealot.
Starwort, scattered,Aster passiflorus. St. Jude, Apostle.
29. Narcissus, green autumnal,Narcissus viridiflorus. St. Narcissus, bishop of Jerusalem, second century.
30. Mushroom, mixed,Agaricus fimetarius. St. Marcellus the centurion, 298.
31. Tick-seed, fennel-leaved,Coreopsis ferulafolia. St. Quintin, 287.
NOVEMBER.
1. Laurustinus,Laurustinus sempervirens. St. Fortunatus.
2. Cherry, winter,Physalis. St. Marcian, 387.
3. Primrose,Primula vulgaris. St. Flour, 389.
4. Strawberry tree,Arbutus. St. Brinstane, bishop of Winchester, 931.
5. Cherry, common winter,Physalis alkakengi. St. Bertille, abbess of Chelles, 692.
6. Yew tree, common,Taxus baccata. St. Leonard, sixth century.
7. Furcræa,Furcræa gigantea. St. Willebord, first bishop of Utrecht, 738.
8. Aletris, Cape,Veltheimia. The four crowned Brothers, martyrs, 304.
9. Aletris, glaucous-leafed,Veltheimia glauca. St. John Lateran.
10. Fir, Scotch,Pinus sylvestris. St. Nympha, fifth century.
11. Pine, Weymouth,Pinus strobus. St. Martin, bishop, 397.
12. Aloe, great orange-flowering,Veltheimia, orAletris uvaria. St. Nilus, 390.
13. Bay,Laurus poetica. St. Homobonus, 1197.
14. Laurel, Portugal,Cerasus Lusitanica. St. Lawrence, bishop of Dublin, 1180.
15. Colt’s foot, sweet-scented,Tussilago fragrans. St. Gertrude, abbess, 1292.
16. Hemp, African bow-string,Sanseviera Guineensis. St. Edmund, archbishop of Canterbury, 1242.
17. Stramony, or Thorn-apple tree,Datura arborea. St. Gregory, Thaumaturgus, bishop, 270.
18. Passion-flower, notch-leafed,Passiflora serratifolia. Dedication of the churches of St. Peter and St. Paul at Rome.
19. Passion-flower, apple-fruited,Passiflora maliformis. St. Elizabeth of Hungary, 1231.
20. Stapelia, red,Stapelia rubra. St. Edmund, king and martyr, 870.
21. Sorrel, wood,Oxalis grandiflora. Presentation of the Virgin Mary.
22. Sorrel, wood, tube-flowered,Oxalis tubiflora. St. Cecilia, martyr, and patroness of music, particularly of sacred music; supposed to be the inventress of the organ, 230.
23. Sorrel, convex,Oxalis convexula. St. Clement, pope, 100.
24. Stapelia, starry,Stapelia radiata. St. John of the Cross, 1591.
25. Butterbur, sweet,Tussilago fragrans. St. Catherine, patroness of spinsters, third century.
26. Sorrel, linear,Oxalis linearis. St. Conrad, bishop of Constance, 976.
27. Sorrel, lupine-leafed,Oxalis lupinifolia. St. Virgil, bishop of Salzburg, 784.
28. Stapelia, variegated,Stapelia variegata. St. Stephen the younger, 764.
29. Sphenogyne,S. piloflora. St. Saturninus, bishop, 257.
30. Sorrel, three-coloured,Oxalis tricolor. St. Sapor, bishop.
DECEMBER.
1. Stapelia, dark,S. pulla. St. Eligius, bishop of Noyon, 659.
2. Geodorum, lemon,Geodorum citrinum. St. Bibiania, 363.
3. Indian tree,Euphorbia tirucalle. St. Francis Xavier, 1552.
4. Gooseberry, Barbadoes,Cactus pereskia. St. Chrysologus, 450.
5. Hibiscus, long-stalked,H. pedunculatus. St. Crispina, 304.
6. Heath, nest-flowered,Erica nudiflora. St. Nicholas, archbishop of Myra, 342.
7. Achania, hairy,Achania pilosa. St. Ambrose, 397.
8. Arbor Vitæ, American,Thuga occidentalis. Blessed Virgin Mary.
9. Spruce, Corsican,Pinus laricio. St. Leodocia, 304.
10. Cypress, Portugal,Cupressus pendula. St. Eulalia.
11. Pine, Aleppo,Pinus halapensis. St. Damascus, pope, 384.
12. Heath, crowded,Erica abietina. St. Eadburga, 751.
13. Arbor Vitæ, African,Thuga cupressoides. St. Lucy, martyr of Syracuse, 304.
14. Pine, swamp,Pinus palustris. St. Spiridion, archbishop, 348.
15. Pine, pitch,Pinus resinosa. St. Florence, abbot.
16. Arbor Vitas, Chinese,Thuga orientalis. St. Adelaide, empress, 999.
17. Cedar, white,Cupressus thyoides. St. Olympias, 410.
18. Cypress, New-Holland,Cupressus australis. St. Winebald, 760.
19. Heath, two-coloured,Erica bicolor. St. Samthana, abbess, 738.
20. Stone-pine,Pinus pinea. St. Philogonius, bishop of Antioch, 322.
21. Sparrow-wort,Erica passerina. St. Thomas, apostle.
22. Heath, pellucid,Erica pellucida. St. Cyril, 881.
23. Cedar of Lebanon,Pinus cedrus. St. Victoria, 250.
24. Pine, frankincense,Pinus tæda. Sts. Thrasilla and Emiliana.
25. Holly,Ilex aculeata baccifera. Nativity of our Saviour.
26. Heath, purple,Erica purpurea. St. Stephen, first martyr.
27. Heath, flame,Erica flammea. St. John, the Evangelist.
28. Heath, bloody-flowered,Erica cruenta. The Holy Innocents, who suffered from Herod’s cruelty.
29. Heath,Erica genistopha. St. Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury, 1170.
30. Ponthieva, glandular,Ponthieva glandulosa. St. Anysia, 304.
31. There is no flower appropriated to this day.
’Twasa lovely thought to mark the hours,As they floated in light away,By the opening and the folding flowersThat laugh to the summer’s day.Thus had each moment its own rich hue,And its graceful cup and bell,In whose coloured vase might sleep the dew,Like a pearl in an ocean shell.To such sweet signs might the time have flowed,In a golden current on,Ere from the garden, man’s first abode,The glorious guests were gone.So might the days have been brightly told—Those days of song and dreams—When shepherds gathered their flocks of oldBy the blue Arcadian streams;So, in those isles of delight, that restFar off in a breezeless main,Which many a bark with a weary guestHas sought, but still in vain.Yet is not life, in its real flight,Marked thus—even thus—on earth,By the closing of one hope’s delight,And another’s gentle birth?Oh! let us live so that, flower by flower,Shutting in turn, may leaveA lingerer still for the sunset hour,A charm for the shaded eve!Hemans.
’Twasa lovely thought to mark the hours,As they floated in light away,By the opening and the folding flowersThat laugh to the summer’s day.Thus had each moment its own rich hue,And its graceful cup and bell,In whose coloured vase might sleep the dew,Like a pearl in an ocean shell.To such sweet signs might the time have flowed,In a golden current on,Ere from the garden, man’s first abode,The glorious guests were gone.So might the days have been brightly told—Those days of song and dreams—When shepherds gathered their flocks of oldBy the blue Arcadian streams;So, in those isles of delight, that restFar off in a breezeless main,Which many a bark with a weary guestHas sought, but still in vain.Yet is not life, in its real flight,Marked thus—even thus—on earth,By the closing of one hope’s delight,And another’s gentle birth?Oh! let us live so that, flower by flower,Shutting in turn, may leaveA lingerer still for the sunset hour,A charm for the shaded eve!Hemans.
’Twasa lovely thought to mark the hours,As they floated in light away,By the opening and the folding flowersThat laugh to the summer’s day.
Thus had each moment its own rich hue,And its graceful cup and bell,In whose coloured vase might sleep the dew,Like a pearl in an ocean shell.
To such sweet signs might the time have flowed,In a golden current on,Ere from the garden, man’s first abode,The glorious guests were gone.
So might the days have been brightly told—Those days of song and dreams—When shepherds gathered their flocks of oldBy the blue Arcadian streams;So, in those isles of delight, that restFar off in a breezeless main,Which many a bark with a weary guestHas sought, but still in vain.
Yet is not life, in its real flight,Marked thus—even thus—on earth,By the closing of one hope’s delight,And another’s gentle birth?
Oh! let us live so that, flower by flower,Shutting in turn, may leaveA lingerer still for the sunset hour,A charm for the shaded eve!
Hemans.
When a plant is approaching its state of perfection, when its organs of nourishment are completely developed, and its vegetation is most luxuriant, then arrives the time of flowering, which has been aptly termed “the joy of plants.” The most superficial observer must have noticed how different is the season of flowering of individual plants, and how each month is adorned with its particular flowers. When the intense cold of January confines us to our houses, the Black Hellebore, or Christmas Rose, unfolds its dazzling white blossoms; in February, the innocent Snowdrop presents to us her elegant cup. In the same month the Hazel puts forth its catkins, and not rarely the early-blooming Crowfoot shows the blue tips of its clusters of blossom. March boasts a richer Flora; then the Violet delights us with its fragrance; the Mezereon offers its peach-coloured flowers, and the Primrose leads on a long train of the charming children of Spring. These now continue to advance in increasing numbers, displaying, especially in May and June, their highest splendour; till at length the Meadow Saffron takes leave of inclement Autumn, and, saturated with rain, the Mosses acquire fresh vigour, and open to the botanist a new field for investigation.
Not less different than the period of flowering is the time of the opening and shutting of flowers. Some plants habitually open and close their flowers by turns; others are governed in these respects by the weather; others again, by the length or shortness of the day: while some open and shut at certain hours, and thus furnish materials for composing the Dial of Flowers.
According to the observations of later botanists, the flowery crown of plants serves, among other things, to envelop the tender organs of fructification, and to protect them from the pernicious influence of external agents. Those organs of fructification are the chief objects of the maternal care of Nature; while shut up in the flower-bud, they acquire that strength and perfection of parts which enable them to endure the light of the sun, and to perform the functions for which they are designed. It is not till they are capable of fulfilling these functions that the flower unfolds itself; but it again closes at such times when external influences might be injurious to the delicate organs of fructification. Many flowers can bear only the refreshing morning air and the first rays of the sun, but remain shut all the rest of the day. This may be particularly observed in the different species of Convolvulus, Ipomæa,and Goat’s Beard. We find these, in general, open only till about eleven o’clock. In like manner, the Mallows and the Mesembryanthemums unfold their flowers about noon: and precisely at that time, in serene weather, open the singularly-formed Drosera, and the common Purslain, which shut again in an hour. Others unfold themselves only in the evening, and continue open all night, probably because their delicate organs would be injured by the sun. The Œnotheras, the Gauras, and the different species of the Mirabilis, furnish examples of this kind. Thus, too, the Cactus opuntia opens its magnificent blossoms at night only, and towards morning shuts them up for ever. The flowers of many plants of the nineteenth class are observed to hang their heads during night—the Camellia, for example—by which means the rain, or dew, which might injure the tender organs of fructification, can run off the more easily. In other plants of this class, the flower shuts up against rain, and on the approach of evening, as is the case with the Marigolds.
The periodical change of colour in some flowers is also worthy of remark. Thus, the flowers of the speckled French Honeysuckle (Hedysarum maculatum) are purple in the morning and green at noon. The changeable Hibiscus (Hibiscus mutabilis) is white in the morning, flesh-coloured at noon, and rose-red in the evening. Thus, too, the great Corn-flag (Gladiolus grandis) changes its colour several times in the course of the day.
Neither is the scent of flowers equally strong and agreeable at all hours of the day: many, even of our indigenous flowers, have the strongest scent at night.TheIxia cinnamomeagives out its fragrance in the evening only; the highly-scented Lesser Orpine (Crassula odoratissima) only in the night; theEpidendrum fragrans, morning and evening; another species of Epidendrum, hung up in a room, without earth or water, yields an agreeable perfume for years. The flowers of theHebenstreitia dentataare scentless in the morning, have a disagreeable smell at noon, and give out in the evening a fragrant odour, not unlike that of the Hyacinth.
These properties of flowers, and the opening and shutting of many at particular times of the day, led to the idea of planting them in such a manner as to indicate the succession of the hours, and to make them supply the place of a watch or clock. Those who are disposed to try the experiment may easily compose such a dial by consulting the following table, comprehending the hours between three in the morning and eight in the evening.
It is, of course, impossible to ensure the accurate going of such a dial, because the temperature, the dryness, and the dampness of the air, have a considerable influence on the opening and shutting of flowers.
THE END.
[The image of the book's back cover is unavailable.]