114.1Stewart, 189.
114.2Rink, 464.
115.1Rev. M. MacPhail, in vi.Folklore, 162.
115.2Mallet, 424; Thorpe, i.N. Myth., 51.
116.1ii.Silva Gad., 343.
117.1ii.Rep. Bur. Ethn., 59.
118.1Saxo, 292; Elton’s version (from which I quote), 352.
119.1Lenormant, 64.
120.1C. Hose, in xxiii.Journ. Anthr. Inst., 161.
120.2i. Radloff, 188.
121.1ii.N. Ind. N. and Q., 84, quotingArchæol. Rep.
121.2Maurer, 52, citing Arnason.
122.1Knoop,Sagen aus Posen, 272, 277, 280.
122.2Grohmann, 271.
123.1Arthur J. Evans, in vi.Folklore, 18.
124.1F. Corona, in i.Rivista, 750.
125.1Pröhle,D. Sagen, 116 (Story No. 77); Hansen, 46 (Story No. 3).
125.2Temme,Altmark, 39 (Story No. 48).
125.3xxiv.Journ. Anthr. Inst., 150.
126.1Campbell,Clan Traditions, 66.
126.2Crooke, 8.
126.3Ovid,Metam., iv. 543.
128.1Adele Pellegrino, in i.Rivista, 332.
128.2A. W. Moore, in xxxi.Antiquary, 73.
128.3G. Calvia-Secchi, in i.Rivista, 426.
128.4Knoop,Sagen aus Posen, 273.
129.1Browne,Ethnog. Inishbofin, in iii.Proc. Roy. Ir. Ac., 3rd ser., 360.
130.1Curtin,Hero-Tales, 437.
130.2See Curtin,op. cit., 90, 208, 275, 433.
130.3G. Calvia-Secchi, in i.Rivista, 427. The saint’s question is, of course, an equivocation. “Stai bene?” may be an ironical inquiry after the victim’s health. In Slavonic sagas it is occasionally the devil who is thus petrified. See Grohmann, 278, and ix.Rev. Trad. Pop., 505. But they cannot be true, as it is well known that he is still very much alive.
131.1Owen, 297.
131.2ii.N. Ind. N. and Q., 1, citing theCalcutta Rev.
131.3Crooke, 292.
131.4Pausanias, i. 21; viii. 2.
132.1x.Rev. Trad. Pop., 104. Cf. i.Rivista, 32.
132.2i.N. Ind. N. and Q., 119, quoting Forbes,Rás Mála.
132.3W. Crooke, in i.N. Ind. N. and Q., 140.
133.1Babu Rae Krishna Bahadur, in iv.N. Ind. N. and Q., 87.
133.2Crooke, 76, quoting Gen. Sleeman’sRambles and Recollections.
133.3Modigliani,Isola delle Donne, 284.
134.1Crooke, 42, quoting Cunningham,Archæol. Reports.
134.2Hunt, 177.
134.3Knoop,Posen, 276.
135.1Grohmann, 273, 274.
135.2Pröhle,D. Sagen, 194 (Story No. 141).
135.3ii.Am Urdsbrunnen, 28.
135.4Temme,Altmark, 38, 99, 100. In Upper Styria a grassy alp was covered with stones because some cowherds played at skittles with butter; but I do not understand that the cowherds themselves underwent transformation. i.Zeits. des Vereins, 215.
136.1G. C. Secchi, in i.Rivista, 514. Bérenger-Féraud, ii.Superstitions, 286, 309, 322, 371,et seq., gives a number of instances analogous to those mentioned in the preceding paragraphs, too often without mentioning his authorities. As an example in the legends of the Church, take the unhappy shepherd who betrayed Saint Barbara to her father. Wirth, 13.
136.2Antè,p. 77; xi.Rep. Bur. Ethn., 54. The similarity of this incident to those of European tradition where the mendicants are Christ and the Apostle Peter need hardly be pointed out.
137.1Suprà, vol. i., p. 118.
137.2Dorsey, in xi.Rep. Bur. Ethn., 425, quoting information supplied by a missionary, the Rev. W. Hamilton.
137.3Kane, 250.
137.4i. Curr, 253, 254; xxiv.Journ. Anthr. Inst., 191, 192.
138.1ii. Gray, 346.
138.2Griffis, 58.
139.1Pausanias, ix. 34.
140.1Gerv. Tilb., ii. 12.
140.2Map,De Nug. Cur., iv. 12. Roger of Hoveden gives the name of the girl as Yse. Liebrecht, in Gerv. Tilb., 92, quotes the passage.
141.1Thorpe, ii.N. Myth., 247, from Thiele.
142.1i.Corp. Poet. Bor., 154, 81.
142.2Rydberg, 573.
142.3ii.Zeits. des Vereins, 15. Cf. Maurer, 51, 52, and many other stories.
142.4Poestion, 227.
143.1Popol Vuh, 243, 253.
143.2Müller,Amer. Urrel., 179.
143.3Suprà, vol. i. p. 15. Other modern versions of the tale have been more recently published by Curtin,Hero-tales, 283, 296.
143.4Plutarch,De Iside, xvii.
143.5Curtin,Hero-tales, 293, 309. If I do not misinterpret the scholiast a Pacceka-Buddha destroyed an insolent prince in this manner. See ii.Jātaka, 137 note.
144.1Hertz, 19, citing Lightfoot.
144.2Turner,Samoa, 23.
144.3Hertz, 19. Compare the Bushman stories of men changed into stone by the glance of a maiden, “probably,” as Dr. Bleek remarks, “at a time when she would be usually kept in strict retirement.” Bleek,2nd Report, 14; Lloyd,Report, 10.
144.4Pliny,Nat. Hist., viii. 32; Athenæus, v. 64; Barthol. Angl., Steele, 76.
144.5Instances are collected by Hertz, 21; Mestres, 226; Bérenger-Féraud, i.Superstitions, 253; Forsyth, 425.
145.1Dorsey,Cegiha, 215.
145.2Boas,Report on N.-W. Tribes of Canada, Brit. Ass. Report(1895), 565.
145.3MacLennan, ii.Studies, 353, citing Morgan,League of the Iroquois.
146.1Dorman, 284, citing Smith’sBrazil.
146.2Prov. xxiii. 6; Mark vii. 22. See also Ecclesiasticus xiv. 8-10. Socrates alludes to the superstition,Phaedo, xlv.
147.1A curious example of the prevalence of the superstition is to be seen in the Lateran museum. A painting by Crivelli, dated in 1482, of the Madonna surrounded by several saints, represents the Bambino as wearing a necklace of pearls, from which, inlaid into the picture, depends a common phallic amulet of coral. Even the Holy Babe, it seems, needed a magical protection against the Evil Eye.
147.2Students desirous of pursuing the subject of the Evil Eye are referred to the elaborate compilation of M. Tuchmann onLa FascinationinMélusine; Mr. F. T. Elworthy’s valuable work; Hertz,op. cit.; Grimm, iii.Teut. Myth., 1099; and Andree, i.Ethnog. Par., 35.
150.1Popol Vuh, 243.
151.1A curious tale is told by the Iroquois concerning the slaughter by their Thunder-God of a serpent which dwelt underground and fed upon human flesh. To increase its supply of food it poisoned the springs. But, whatever the story may mean, there is no exposure of victims, and consequently no rescue. ii.Rep. Bur. Ethn., 54.
151.2Suprà, vol. i. p. 63.
152.1Lucian, however (Dial. Mar., 14, andDe Œco, 22), says expressly that Perseus used the sword in one hand and the Gorgon’s head in the other, at once killing the monster and turning it to stone.
153.1Suprà, vol. i. p. 57.
154.1Suprà, vol. i. p. 9.
154.2Frazer,Totemism, 14.
156.1iv.Folklore, 90.
159.1Suprà, vol. i. p. 11.
162.1Denton, 256.
162.2In some cases they bestow the power of transformation, instead of accompanying the hero. In other cases they only come at call. I have treated these as equivalent; and I have included two cases of dogs and horses given by fish. Some of those taken from the castles of conquered giants ought perhaps to be added.
164.1A similar incident is found elsewhere in Norway in quite a different connection. Dasent,Fjeld, 222, from Asbjörnsen. Æschylus, in a tragedy now lost, seems to have referred to the Graiai as the warders of the Gorgons. Hyginus, quoting this, goes on to say that Perseus, having possessed himself of their one eye, threw it into the Tritonian marsh, and the warders being thus deprived of sight, he easily slew Medusa while stupefied with sleep.Poet. Astron.ii. 12 (Mythog. Lat.445). Æschylus also, in thePrometheus, represents the Graiai as in the form of swans, dwelling in perpetual darkness on the Gorgonian plains. These are versions, so far as I remember, not found in any modernmärchen.
165.1Suprà, vol. i. p. 44.
169.1Leclère, 112 (Story No. 4).
170.1The heroes’ names, for example, are Chan-Prea-Khat, and Son-Prea-Khat. Here Chan, the name of the elder, is that of the moon; Son, that of the sun. Khat is the Sanskrit Kshatriya, derived through the Pali Khattam. The names appear to mean Holy Warrior Moon and Holy Warrior Sun. The wordyakappears also to come from the Sanskrit; and there are other indications. They may, however, be all no more than signs of general Indian influence on the civilisation of Cambodia, without involving any evidence of the provenience of the tale.
170.2Campbell,Santal F. T., 111.
173.1Maury,Croy. et Lég.196, citing the scholiast.
173.2Hyginus,Fab.lxiv., inMythog. Lat.131. Euripides appears to have represented both Cepheus and Cassiopeia, his wife, as endeavouring to dissuade Andromeda from wedding Perseus. But this may be merely a poet’s licence. Hyginus,Poet. Astron.ii. 11 (Mythog. Lat.444).
174.1In fact, the cutting out of the tongues as proof of victory extends far beyond stories containing the Rescue incident. (See, among others, Denton, 150; i.Rev. Celt., 260; i.Rivista, 531.) Mr. Frazer, ii.Golden Bough, 129, note, has some observations upon it and the custom which it records, and which is found in both hemispheres. I gather, however, that he feels a little uncertain as to the true interpretation. It demands further inquiry, for which I have no room here. I only want to point out that the fact of the widespread custom makes decidedly against the theory of contamination by a merely local legend.
175.1Suprà,p. 37.
178.1Jacobs, in vii.Folklore, 63, reviewing Bédier,Les Fabliaux.
178.2Congress Report(1891), 68.
179.1Seeante, pp.3,42,43.
184.1ii.Folklore, 125.
184.2Congress Rep.(1891), 19sqq.
Cf. Day, 73, where there seems a relic of winged horses.
The title page is used as a cover.
Chapter numbering continues from the previous volume.
Page numbers are given in {curly} brackets.
Plain text version only: endnote markers are given in [square] brackets; table rows are separated by “===” with each cell on its own line.
Minor spelling inconsistencies (e.g.by-and-bye/by and bye, folktales/folk-tales, panjâb/panjáb, etc.) have been preserved.
Some instances of “Siddhi-Kür” in the source text have a circumflex over theü. As this character doesn’t appear to be available in the utf-8 codeset, it has been left with just the diaeresis.
Table A (p. 194) has a footnote with no visible anchor in the table. It has been placed in the Endnotes section and left unlinked. Please contact Project Gutenberg support if you can provide the note’s location.
Alterations to the text:
Convert footnotes to endnotes. Relabel note markers: append the original note number to the page number.
Add endnotes entry to TOC.
Omit the Index and adjust the TOC accordingly.
[List of Works]
Move the LOW to the end of the main text and adjust the TOC accordingly.
A few trivial punctuation and italics corrections.
Change “dealing with FolkloreMytholologique, only yet published” toMythologique.
[Chapter XVI]
“abnormal kind briefly to mention Amärchenof the” add period aftermention.
[Endnotes]
A few trivial punctuation and italics corrections.
(p. 81, note 3) changeWitzcheltoWitzschel.
(p. 151, note 1) “a serpent which dweltunder groundand fed upon” tounderground.
[End of text]