FOOTNOTES:[58]The name “driver” was unknown in Virginia, whatever it may have been in the South. And the “driver” of slave-horror novels was as purely the creature of the imagination as Cerberus, or the Chimera.[59]In Georgia, for example, as shown by the investigation of Professor Du Bois, one of the best educated and trained colored men in the South, there were, in 1860, 455,698 negroes and 591,550 whites. Of these, there were 3,500 free negroes and 462,195 slaves owned by 40,773 slave-holders, or about 10½ to each slave-holder.Of these slave-holders,16per cent.of all6,713owned1slave.10””4,353”2slaves.8””3,482”3”2,984”4”2,543”5”2,213”6”1,839”7”1,647”8”1,415”9”4,707”10or under15slaves.2,523”15”20”2,910”20”30”1,400”30”40”739”40”50”729”50”70”373”70”100”181”100”200”23”200”300”7”300”500”1”500”1,000”From this table it will be seen that 6,713, or about 16½ per cent., owned only one slave, 10½ per cent. owned only two slaves, and 50 per cent. owned five slaves or fewer, while 66 per cent. (27,191) owned under ten slaves; 1,102 owned between fifty and one hundred, and but 212 owned over one hundred, while only twenty-three owned over two hundred.[60]As to the education of the Negroes: See Report of U. S. Commissioner of Education, 1901, vol. i, p. 745,et seq., for a valuable paper by Prof. Kelly Miller, one of the most intelligent colored men in the country. Citing the Report of U. S. Commissioner of Education, 1868, he shows that such laws were adopted in Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and South Carolina, about 1830-34. While in Virginia in 1831, as in Delaware in 1863, public meetings were prohibited. These laws grew out of the Nat Turner Insurrection. V. Appendix.[61]We had three or four such young men on our plantation, and although the plantation lay within two or three miles of the roads down which Sheridan and Stoneman passed, and within twelve or fifteen miles of those along which Grant passed, these were the only negroes from our place who went off during the war. In all, four young men left us.If anyone wishes to get an insight into this phase of the negro character and at the same time pass a delightful half hour, let him read Harry Stillwell Edwards’s story, “Two Runaways.”[62]That very “Uncle Tom,” of whom I have spoken as a stern and terrifying spectacle of grandeur, left his home and went to Philadelphia.[63]Several regiments were enlisted in the beginning of the war, but the plan was changed and they were disbanded.[64]Prince Kropotkin mentioned in his memoirs that the Russian serfs who wanted to show their emancipation did the same thing.
[58]The name “driver” was unknown in Virginia, whatever it may have been in the South. And the “driver” of slave-horror novels was as purely the creature of the imagination as Cerberus, or the Chimera.
[58]The name “driver” was unknown in Virginia, whatever it may have been in the South. And the “driver” of slave-horror novels was as purely the creature of the imagination as Cerberus, or the Chimera.
[59]In Georgia, for example, as shown by the investigation of Professor Du Bois, one of the best educated and trained colored men in the South, there were, in 1860, 455,698 negroes and 591,550 whites. Of these, there were 3,500 free negroes and 462,195 slaves owned by 40,773 slave-holders, or about 10½ to each slave-holder.Of these slave-holders,16per cent.of all6,713owned1slave.10””4,353”2slaves.8””3,482”3”2,984”4”2,543”5”2,213”6”1,839”7”1,647”8”1,415”9”4,707”10or under15slaves.2,523”15”20”2,910”20”30”1,400”30”40”739”40”50”729”50”70”373”70”100”181”100”200”23”200”300”7”300”500”1”500”1,000”From this table it will be seen that 6,713, or about 16½ per cent., owned only one slave, 10½ per cent. owned only two slaves, and 50 per cent. owned five slaves or fewer, while 66 per cent. (27,191) owned under ten slaves; 1,102 owned between fifty and one hundred, and but 212 owned over one hundred, while only twenty-three owned over two hundred.
[59]In Georgia, for example, as shown by the investigation of Professor Du Bois, one of the best educated and trained colored men in the South, there were, in 1860, 455,698 negroes and 591,550 whites. Of these, there were 3,500 free negroes and 462,195 slaves owned by 40,773 slave-holders, or about 10½ to each slave-holder.
Of these slave-holders,
From this table it will be seen that 6,713, or about 16½ per cent., owned only one slave, 10½ per cent. owned only two slaves, and 50 per cent. owned five slaves or fewer, while 66 per cent. (27,191) owned under ten slaves; 1,102 owned between fifty and one hundred, and but 212 owned over one hundred, while only twenty-three owned over two hundred.
[60]As to the education of the Negroes: See Report of U. S. Commissioner of Education, 1901, vol. i, p. 745,et seq., for a valuable paper by Prof. Kelly Miller, one of the most intelligent colored men in the country. Citing the Report of U. S. Commissioner of Education, 1868, he shows that such laws were adopted in Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and South Carolina, about 1830-34. While in Virginia in 1831, as in Delaware in 1863, public meetings were prohibited. These laws grew out of the Nat Turner Insurrection. V. Appendix.
[60]As to the education of the Negroes: See Report of U. S. Commissioner of Education, 1901, vol. i, p. 745,et seq., for a valuable paper by Prof. Kelly Miller, one of the most intelligent colored men in the country. Citing the Report of U. S. Commissioner of Education, 1868, he shows that such laws were adopted in Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and South Carolina, about 1830-34. While in Virginia in 1831, as in Delaware in 1863, public meetings were prohibited. These laws grew out of the Nat Turner Insurrection. V. Appendix.
[61]We had three or four such young men on our plantation, and although the plantation lay within two or three miles of the roads down which Sheridan and Stoneman passed, and within twelve or fifteen miles of those along which Grant passed, these were the only negroes from our place who went off during the war. In all, four young men left us.If anyone wishes to get an insight into this phase of the negro character and at the same time pass a delightful half hour, let him read Harry Stillwell Edwards’s story, “Two Runaways.”
[61]We had three or four such young men on our plantation, and although the plantation lay within two or three miles of the roads down which Sheridan and Stoneman passed, and within twelve or fifteen miles of those along which Grant passed, these were the only negroes from our place who went off during the war. In all, four young men left us.
If anyone wishes to get an insight into this phase of the negro character and at the same time pass a delightful half hour, let him read Harry Stillwell Edwards’s story, “Two Runaways.”
[62]That very “Uncle Tom,” of whom I have spoken as a stern and terrifying spectacle of grandeur, left his home and went to Philadelphia.
[62]That very “Uncle Tom,” of whom I have spoken as a stern and terrifying spectacle of grandeur, left his home and went to Philadelphia.
[63]Several regiments were enlisted in the beginning of the war, but the plan was changed and they were disbanded.
[63]Several regiments were enlisted in the beginning of the war, but the plan was changed and they were disbanded.
[64]Prince Kropotkin mentioned in his memoirs that the Russian serfs who wanted to show their emancipation did the same thing.
[64]Prince Kropotkin mentioned in his memoirs that the Russian serfs who wanted to show their emancipation did the same thing.