[319]Van Buren commenced the cross-examination of Cass in a flippant manner, but was almost instantly sobered by the demeanor and dignity of the witness. Young’sLife of Lewis Cass.[320]Key’s letter to Taney, Tyler’sLife of Taney.[321]Tyler’sLife of Taney.[322]Letters and Times of the Tylers,I, 423.[323]Miller’sBench and Bar of Georgia.[324]Letter to Taney, Tyler’sLife of Taney.[325]First Forty Years, 320.[326]MS. letter of Arthur Schaaf to Senator John Forsyth, written from Georgetown June 25, 1831, furnished the author by Mr. Waddy Wood, Washington, D.C.[327]Memoirs, April 25, 1831.[328]Hamilton took the stump in a vain attempt to defeat his reëlection.[329]Senator Beveridge, in his monumental work on John Marshall, gives in detail the legal phases of the controversy,IV, 100-16.[330]Hunt’sLife of Livingstondescribes in detail Livingston’s activities in connection with the battle of New Orleans.[331]These came to be known as the “Coodies,” and Taney was known an “King Coodie” to indicate his unquestioned leadership. Tyler’sLife of Taney.[332]Drayton was Congressman from Charleston during the Nullification fight and strongly supported Jackson.[333]Tyler relates the incident of a personal friend of Taney’s, temporarily connected with the custom house in New York, sending him a box of cigars without his card, while he was Attorney-General. Not knowing who sent them, Taney put them aside. After leaving office, and learning the donor’s identity, he wrote an appreciative note enclosing the price of the cigars.[334]See McLaughlin’sLife of Cass, 99, 100, for details of his fight against British insults and interference.[335]See Smith’sLife of Cassfor letter.[336]“France: Its King, Court and Government”; “Three Hours at St. Cloud’s”; and “The Modern French Judicature.” He also, on the request of Jackson, wrote the best account of the battle of New Orleans.[337]See McLaughlin’sLife of Cass; Young’s biography, written during Cass’s lifetime, in Smith’sLife of Cass.[338]Kendall’sAutobiography, 73.[339]Retrospect of Western Travel,I, 156.[340]Kendall’sAutobiography, 175.[341]Henry Watterson’s oration on Prentice, “Compromises of Life.”[342]Kendall’sAutobiography, 303.[343]Ibid., 278.[344]Ibid., 279.[345]Hamilton’sReminiscences, 130.[346]Rufus Rockwell Wilson,Washington the Capital City,I, 263.[347]Kendall is thus described at forty-five.[348]Retrospect of Western Travel,I, 155-57.[349]Sumner’sLife of Jackson.[350]Van Buren’sAutobiography, 325.[351]Ibid., 579.[352]In theCorrespondence of Nicholas Biddle(Houghton Mifflin Company, 1919) are numerous letters between the banker and Lewis, indicative of a desire on the part of the latter to conciliate the former and save his chief from the hazards of a bitter fight.[353]Professor J. S. Bassett’sLife of Jackson,II, 399.[354]Professor Frederic Austin Ogg’sReign of Andrew Jackson.[355]Bradley’sLife of Hill.[356]General Leavenworth’s letter, quoted in Bradley’sLife of Hill.[357]Hill took notice of this brutality: “There is an Almighty Power Who tempers the wind to the shorn lambs, Who will preserve us from such a calamity, and Who will not suffer our intellectual vision to be dimmed until our work shall be accomplished.”[358]Van Buren’sAutobiography, 541.[359]Ambler’sThomas Ritchie, 109.[360]Ibid., 247.[361]Benton’sThirty Years’ View,I, 128, gives the version of the establishment of theGlobewhich Van Buren in hisAutobiographyquotes.[362]Kendall’sAutobiography, 370-74.[363]George Baber’sBlairs of Kentucky, Register of Kentucky Historical Society, vol.XIV.[364]George Baber’sBlairs of Kentucky. Register of Kentucky Historical Society, vol.XIV.[365]Globe, Feb. 17, 1834.[366]This is Kendall’s story in hisAutobiography. He gives no hint that Jackson contributed a penny. George Henry Payne, in hisHistory of Journalism in the United States, says that the establishment of the Globe cost Jackson $50,000 a year, but as this version is Green’s, it is not at all convincing or probable.[367]Baber’sBlairs of Kentucky.[368]Van Buren’sAutobiography, 323.[369]Perley’s Reminiscences,I, 191.[370]Cong. Globe, April 14. 1836.[371]Ibid., April 20, 1836.[372]Ibid., May 13, 1836.[373]Mr. Williams of Kentucky,ibid., May 30. 1836.[374]Cong. Globe, June 3, 1836.[375]Buchanan to Livingston. Buchanan’sWorks,II, 899.[376]Buchanan’sWorks,II, 300-01.[377]The public improvement feature of internal improvement was of less importance with the politician than the pork-barrel phase. See Schouler’sHistory.[378]Benton’sThirty Years’ View,I, 187.[379]First Forty Years, Nov. 7, 1831.[380]Adams’sMemoirs.[381]Colton’sLife and Correspondence of Clay.[382]Clay to Senator Johnson, Clay’sWorks,IV, 265.[383]Clay’sWorks,IV, 275.[384]Ibid.,IV, 321.[385]Jackson refers to his instructions in his Message of December, 1831.[386]Benton, by quoting the instructions and Gallatin’s report, shows the dishonesty of the simulated indignation. (Thirty Years’ View,I, 216-17.)[387]Rufus King had furnished a precedent when he described the John Adams Administration to the British. (King’sWorks.)[388]Benton’sThirty Years’ View,I, 217.[389]Senator Holmes of Maine.[390]Jervey’sRobert Y. Hayne.[391]Letters and Times of the Tylers,I, 427.[392]Adams’sMemoirs, Dec. 22, 1831.[393]Weed’sAutobiography, 375.[394]Benton’sThirty Years’ View,I, 219.[395]Bradley’sLife of Hill.[396]So described by Senator Smith of Maryland.[397]Clay to Brooke, Clay’sWorks,IV, 314.[398]Adams’sMemoirs, Dec. 22, 1831.[399]Perley’s Reminiscences,I, 46.[400]Clay’sWorks,IV, 328-29.[401]Letters and Times of the Tylers,I, 438.[402]Adams in hisMemoirsmakes numerous references to these calls.[403]Adams’sMemoirs, March 2, 1832.[404]Ibid., March 3, 1832.[405]March, in hisReminiscences of Congress, describes him as “cold, passionless and inscrutable as the Egyptian sphinx, whose fate, too, his own resembled.”[406]Brother of John C.[407]O’Neall’sBench and Bar of South Carolina.[408]Figures of the Past.[409]Public Men and Events,I, 117.[410]O’Neall’sBench and Bar of South Carolina.[411]“I know that he had no faith in Nullification.” (O’Neall.) “It would seem that he was willing to rest the case of the State upon the bare right of revolution.” (David F. Houston’sStudy of Nullification in South Carolina.)[412]Perley’s Reminiscences,I, 81.[413]Clay to Brooke, Clay’sWorks,IV, 340.[414]Clay’sWorks,IV, 331.[415]“He [King] has availed himself of another’s aid, and the hand of the Senator from Missouri is as visible in the composition, as if his name had been subscribed to the instrument.” (Clay’s speech of June 20, 1832.)[416]Hamilton’sReminiscences, 150.[417]Hill’s explanatory speech in the Senate, March 3, 1834, differs radically from the generally accepted story, and has the ring of truth.[418]Schouler,IV, 44.[419]In Reginald C. McGrane’sCorrespondence of Nicholas Biddle, see Biddle to John Harper, 67; to John Nichol, 72; to Robert Lenox, 72; to A. Dickens, 77; to Major Lewis, 80; to Samuel Jaudon, 82.[420]Pray,Memoirs of James Gordon Bennett,I, 148.[421]Ibid.[422]Memoir of Hugh Lawson White, 80.[423]Parton,II, 654.[424]Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 88.[425]Ibid., 91.[426]Biddle to Samuel Smith,ibid., 94.[427]Ibid., 97.[428]Charles Augustus Davis,ibid., 101.[429]Clay to Biddle,ibid., 105.[430]Lewis to Biddle,ibid., 103.[431]Roswell L. Colt,ibid., 104.[432]Josiah Nichol to Biddle,Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 196.[433]Biddle to Nichol,ibid., 107.[434]Clay to Biddle,ibid., 110.[435]Biddle to Clay,ibid., 115.[436]Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 124.[437]Ibid., 126.[438]See Biddle’s memorandum on conference,ibid., 128.[439]Speech at Cincinnati, Clay’sWorks,VII, 396.[440]Commenting on it in theGlobe, Jan. 14, 1832, Blair concludes: “The object of the Bank and politicians who build their hopes upon its power is at once to procure a new charter from a Congress which has not been elected by the people to pass upon that question.”[441]Hamilton’sReminiscences, 234.[442]Hamilton’sReminiscences, 235-36.[443]Ibid., 234-35.[444]Edward Shippen to Biddle,Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 136.[445]Ibid., 138.[446]Robert Gibbs to Biddle,Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 139.[447]C. F. Mercer to Biddle,ibid., 140.[448]Clay to Biddle,ibid., 142.[449]Webster to Biddle,ibid., 145.[450]Site of the Willard, 14th Street and the Avenue.[451]These ten, Dickerson of New Jersey, Dallas and Wilkins of Pennsylvania, Smith of Maryland, Mangum of North Carolina, Forsyth of Georgia, Poindexter of Mississippi, Kane and Robinson of Illinois, and Hendricks of Indiana.[452]For Cadwalader’s reports seeCorrespondence of Nicholas Biddle, 146-61.[453]McLane to Biddle,ibid., 165.[454]Webster to Biddle,ibid., 169.[455]Weed’sAutobiography,I, 373.[456]Weed’sAutobiography,I, 373.[457]Ingersoll to Biddle,Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 187.[458]Ibid., 188.[459]Hamilton’sReminiscences, 243.[460]Hamilton’sReminiscences, 244.[461]Biddle to Cadwalader,Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 191.[462]Ibid., 192.[463]Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 192.[464]Clay’sWorks,IV, 340.[465]Hamilton’sReminiscences, 243.[466]Ingersoll to Biddle,Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 183.[467]Van Buren’sPolitical Parties in the United States, 314.[468]Ibid.[469]Buell.[470]Van Buren’sPolitical Parties in the United Slates, 218.[471]Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 193.[472]Political Parties in the United States, 313-14, and 317.[473]Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 196.[474]Blair reproduced this in theGlobeof July 26th in the midst of the campaign.[475]Washington Globe, July 14, 1832.[476]Memoir of Hugh Lawson White, 80.[477]Political Parties in the United States, 321.[478]Benton’sThirty Years’ View.
[319]Van Buren commenced the cross-examination of Cass in a flippant manner, but was almost instantly sobered by the demeanor and dignity of the witness. Young’sLife of Lewis Cass.
[319]Van Buren commenced the cross-examination of Cass in a flippant manner, but was almost instantly sobered by the demeanor and dignity of the witness. Young’sLife of Lewis Cass.
[320]Key’s letter to Taney, Tyler’sLife of Taney.
[320]Key’s letter to Taney, Tyler’sLife of Taney.
[321]Tyler’sLife of Taney.
[321]Tyler’sLife of Taney.
[322]Letters and Times of the Tylers,I, 423.
[322]Letters and Times of the Tylers,I, 423.
[323]Miller’sBench and Bar of Georgia.
[323]Miller’sBench and Bar of Georgia.
[324]Letter to Taney, Tyler’sLife of Taney.
[324]Letter to Taney, Tyler’sLife of Taney.
[325]First Forty Years, 320.
[325]First Forty Years, 320.
[326]MS. letter of Arthur Schaaf to Senator John Forsyth, written from Georgetown June 25, 1831, furnished the author by Mr. Waddy Wood, Washington, D.C.
[326]MS. letter of Arthur Schaaf to Senator John Forsyth, written from Georgetown June 25, 1831, furnished the author by Mr. Waddy Wood, Washington, D.C.
[327]Memoirs, April 25, 1831.
[327]Memoirs, April 25, 1831.
[328]Hamilton took the stump in a vain attempt to defeat his reëlection.
[328]Hamilton took the stump in a vain attempt to defeat his reëlection.
[329]Senator Beveridge, in his monumental work on John Marshall, gives in detail the legal phases of the controversy,IV, 100-16.
[329]Senator Beveridge, in his monumental work on John Marshall, gives in detail the legal phases of the controversy,IV, 100-16.
[330]Hunt’sLife of Livingstondescribes in detail Livingston’s activities in connection with the battle of New Orleans.
[330]Hunt’sLife of Livingstondescribes in detail Livingston’s activities in connection with the battle of New Orleans.
[331]These came to be known as the “Coodies,” and Taney was known an “King Coodie” to indicate his unquestioned leadership. Tyler’sLife of Taney.
[331]These came to be known as the “Coodies,” and Taney was known an “King Coodie” to indicate his unquestioned leadership. Tyler’sLife of Taney.
[332]Drayton was Congressman from Charleston during the Nullification fight and strongly supported Jackson.
[332]Drayton was Congressman from Charleston during the Nullification fight and strongly supported Jackson.
[333]Tyler relates the incident of a personal friend of Taney’s, temporarily connected with the custom house in New York, sending him a box of cigars without his card, while he was Attorney-General. Not knowing who sent them, Taney put them aside. After leaving office, and learning the donor’s identity, he wrote an appreciative note enclosing the price of the cigars.
[333]Tyler relates the incident of a personal friend of Taney’s, temporarily connected with the custom house in New York, sending him a box of cigars without his card, while he was Attorney-General. Not knowing who sent them, Taney put them aside. After leaving office, and learning the donor’s identity, he wrote an appreciative note enclosing the price of the cigars.
[334]See McLaughlin’sLife of Cass, 99, 100, for details of his fight against British insults and interference.
[334]See McLaughlin’sLife of Cass, 99, 100, for details of his fight against British insults and interference.
[335]See Smith’sLife of Cassfor letter.
[335]See Smith’sLife of Cassfor letter.
[336]“France: Its King, Court and Government”; “Three Hours at St. Cloud’s”; and “The Modern French Judicature.” He also, on the request of Jackson, wrote the best account of the battle of New Orleans.
[336]“France: Its King, Court and Government”; “Three Hours at St. Cloud’s”; and “The Modern French Judicature.” He also, on the request of Jackson, wrote the best account of the battle of New Orleans.
[337]See McLaughlin’sLife of Cass; Young’s biography, written during Cass’s lifetime, in Smith’sLife of Cass.
[337]See McLaughlin’sLife of Cass; Young’s biography, written during Cass’s lifetime, in Smith’sLife of Cass.
[338]Kendall’sAutobiography, 73.
[338]Kendall’sAutobiography, 73.
[339]Retrospect of Western Travel,I, 156.
[339]Retrospect of Western Travel,I, 156.
[340]Kendall’sAutobiography, 175.
[340]Kendall’sAutobiography, 175.
[341]Henry Watterson’s oration on Prentice, “Compromises of Life.”
[341]Henry Watterson’s oration on Prentice, “Compromises of Life.”
[342]Kendall’sAutobiography, 303.
[342]Kendall’sAutobiography, 303.
[343]Ibid., 278.
[343]Ibid., 278.
[344]Ibid., 279.
[344]Ibid., 279.
[345]Hamilton’sReminiscences, 130.
[345]Hamilton’sReminiscences, 130.
[346]Rufus Rockwell Wilson,Washington the Capital City,I, 263.
[346]Rufus Rockwell Wilson,Washington the Capital City,I, 263.
[347]Kendall is thus described at forty-five.
[347]Kendall is thus described at forty-five.
[348]Retrospect of Western Travel,I, 155-57.
[348]Retrospect of Western Travel,I, 155-57.
[349]Sumner’sLife of Jackson.
[349]Sumner’sLife of Jackson.
[350]Van Buren’sAutobiography, 325.
[350]Van Buren’sAutobiography, 325.
[351]Ibid., 579.
[351]Ibid., 579.
[352]In theCorrespondence of Nicholas Biddle(Houghton Mifflin Company, 1919) are numerous letters between the banker and Lewis, indicative of a desire on the part of the latter to conciliate the former and save his chief from the hazards of a bitter fight.
[352]In theCorrespondence of Nicholas Biddle(Houghton Mifflin Company, 1919) are numerous letters between the banker and Lewis, indicative of a desire on the part of the latter to conciliate the former and save his chief from the hazards of a bitter fight.
[353]Professor J. S. Bassett’sLife of Jackson,II, 399.
[353]Professor J. S. Bassett’sLife of Jackson,II, 399.
[354]Professor Frederic Austin Ogg’sReign of Andrew Jackson.
[354]Professor Frederic Austin Ogg’sReign of Andrew Jackson.
[355]Bradley’sLife of Hill.
[355]Bradley’sLife of Hill.
[356]General Leavenworth’s letter, quoted in Bradley’sLife of Hill.
[356]General Leavenworth’s letter, quoted in Bradley’sLife of Hill.
[357]Hill took notice of this brutality: “There is an Almighty Power Who tempers the wind to the shorn lambs, Who will preserve us from such a calamity, and Who will not suffer our intellectual vision to be dimmed until our work shall be accomplished.”
[357]Hill took notice of this brutality: “There is an Almighty Power Who tempers the wind to the shorn lambs, Who will preserve us from such a calamity, and Who will not suffer our intellectual vision to be dimmed until our work shall be accomplished.”
[358]Van Buren’sAutobiography, 541.
[358]Van Buren’sAutobiography, 541.
[359]Ambler’sThomas Ritchie, 109.
[359]Ambler’sThomas Ritchie, 109.
[360]Ibid., 247.
[360]Ibid., 247.
[361]Benton’sThirty Years’ View,I, 128, gives the version of the establishment of theGlobewhich Van Buren in hisAutobiographyquotes.
[361]Benton’sThirty Years’ View,I, 128, gives the version of the establishment of theGlobewhich Van Buren in hisAutobiographyquotes.
[362]Kendall’sAutobiography, 370-74.
[362]Kendall’sAutobiography, 370-74.
[363]George Baber’sBlairs of Kentucky, Register of Kentucky Historical Society, vol.XIV.
[363]George Baber’sBlairs of Kentucky, Register of Kentucky Historical Society, vol.XIV.
[364]George Baber’sBlairs of Kentucky. Register of Kentucky Historical Society, vol.XIV.
[364]George Baber’sBlairs of Kentucky. Register of Kentucky Historical Society, vol.XIV.
[365]Globe, Feb. 17, 1834.
[365]Globe, Feb. 17, 1834.
[366]This is Kendall’s story in hisAutobiography. He gives no hint that Jackson contributed a penny. George Henry Payne, in hisHistory of Journalism in the United States, says that the establishment of the Globe cost Jackson $50,000 a year, but as this version is Green’s, it is not at all convincing or probable.
[366]This is Kendall’s story in hisAutobiography. He gives no hint that Jackson contributed a penny. George Henry Payne, in hisHistory of Journalism in the United States, says that the establishment of the Globe cost Jackson $50,000 a year, but as this version is Green’s, it is not at all convincing or probable.
[367]Baber’sBlairs of Kentucky.
[367]Baber’sBlairs of Kentucky.
[368]Van Buren’sAutobiography, 323.
[368]Van Buren’sAutobiography, 323.
[369]Perley’s Reminiscences,I, 191.
[369]Perley’s Reminiscences,I, 191.
[370]Cong. Globe, April 14. 1836.
[370]Cong. Globe, April 14. 1836.
[371]Ibid., April 20, 1836.
[371]Ibid., April 20, 1836.
[372]Ibid., May 13, 1836.
[372]Ibid., May 13, 1836.
[373]Mr. Williams of Kentucky,ibid., May 30. 1836.
[373]Mr. Williams of Kentucky,ibid., May 30. 1836.
[374]Cong. Globe, June 3, 1836.
[374]Cong. Globe, June 3, 1836.
[375]Buchanan to Livingston. Buchanan’sWorks,II, 899.
[375]Buchanan to Livingston. Buchanan’sWorks,II, 899.
[376]Buchanan’sWorks,II, 300-01.
[376]Buchanan’sWorks,II, 300-01.
[377]The public improvement feature of internal improvement was of less importance with the politician than the pork-barrel phase. See Schouler’sHistory.
[377]The public improvement feature of internal improvement was of less importance with the politician than the pork-barrel phase. See Schouler’sHistory.
[378]Benton’sThirty Years’ View,I, 187.
[378]Benton’sThirty Years’ View,I, 187.
[379]First Forty Years, Nov. 7, 1831.
[379]First Forty Years, Nov. 7, 1831.
[380]Adams’sMemoirs.
[380]Adams’sMemoirs.
[381]Colton’sLife and Correspondence of Clay.
[381]Colton’sLife and Correspondence of Clay.
[382]Clay to Senator Johnson, Clay’sWorks,IV, 265.
[382]Clay to Senator Johnson, Clay’sWorks,IV, 265.
[383]Clay’sWorks,IV, 275.
[383]Clay’sWorks,IV, 275.
[384]Ibid.,IV, 321.
[384]Ibid.,IV, 321.
[385]Jackson refers to his instructions in his Message of December, 1831.
[385]Jackson refers to his instructions in his Message of December, 1831.
[386]Benton, by quoting the instructions and Gallatin’s report, shows the dishonesty of the simulated indignation. (Thirty Years’ View,I, 216-17.)
[386]Benton, by quoting the instructions and Gallatin’s report, shows the dishonesty of the simulated indignation. (Thirty Years’ View,I, 216-17.)
[387]Rufus King had furnished a precedent when he described the John Adams Administration to the British. (King’sWorks.)
[387]Rufus King had furnished a precedent when he described the John Adams Administration to the British. (King’sWorks.)
[388]Benton’sThirty Years’ View,I, 217.
[388]Benton’sThirty Years’ View,I, 217.
[389]Senator Holmes of Maine.
[389]Senator Holmes of Maine.
[390]Jervey’sRobert Y. Hayne.
[390]Jervey’sRobert Y. Hayne.
[391]Letters and Times of the Tylers,I, 427.
[391]Letters and Times of the Tylers,I, 427.
[392]Adams’sMemoirs, Dec. 22, 1831.
[392]Adams’sMemoirs, Dec. 22, 1831.
[393]Weed’sAutobiography, 375.
[393]Weed’sAutobiography, 375.
[394]Benton’sThirty Years’ View,I, 219.
[394]Benton’sThirty Years’ View,I, 219.
[395]Bradley’sLife of Hill.
[395]Bradley’sLife of Hill.
[396]So described by Senator Smith of Maryland.
[396]So described by Senator Smith of Maryland.
[397]Clay to Brooke, Clay’sWorks,IV, 314.
[397]Clay to Brooke, Clay’sWorks,IV, 314.
[398]Adams’sMemoirs, Dec. 22, 1831.
[398]Adams’sMemoirs, Dec. 22, 1831.
[399]Perley’s Reminiscences,I, 46.
[399]Perley’s Reminiscences,I, 46.
[400]Clay’sWorks,IV, 328-29.
[400]Clay’sWorks,IV, 328-29.
[401]Letters and Times of the Tylers,I, 438.
[401]Letters and Times of the Tylers,I, 438.
[402]Adams in hisMemoirsmakes numerous references to these calls.
[402]Adams in hisMemoirsmakes numerous references to these calls.
[403]Adams’sMemoirs, March 2, 1832.
[403]Adams’sMemoirs, March 2, 1832.
[404]Ibid., March 3, 1832.
[404]Ibid., March 3, 1832.
[405]March, in hisReminiscences of Congress, describes him as “cold, passionless and inscrutable as the Egyptian sphinx, whose fate, too, his own resembled.”
[405]March, in hisReminiscences of Congress, describes him as “cold, passionless and inscrutable as the Egyptian sphinx, whose fate, too, his own resembled.”
[406]Brother of John C.
[406]Brother of John C.
[407]O’Neall’sBench and Bar of South Carolina.
[407]O’Neall’sBench and Bar of South Carolina.
[408]Figures of the Past.
[408]Figures of the Past.
[409]Public Men and Events,I, 117.
[409]Public Men and Events,I, 117.
[410]O’Neall’sBench and Bar of South Carolina.
[410]O’Neall’sBench and Bar of South Carolina.
[411]“I know that he had no faith in Nullification.” (O’Neall.) “It would seem that he was willing to rest the case of the State upon the bare right of revolution.” (David F. Houston’sStudy of Nullification in South Carolina.)
[411]“I know that he had no faith in Nullification.” (O’Neall.) “It would seem that he was willing to rest the case of the State upon the bare right of revolution.” (David F. Houston’sStudy of Nullification in South Carolina.)
[412]Perley’s Reminiscences,I, 81.
[412]Perley’s Reminiscences,I, 81.
[413]Clay to Brooke, Clay’sWorks,IV, 340.
[413]Clay to Brooke, Clay’sWorks,IV, 340.
[414]Clay’sWorks,IV, 331.
[414]Clay’sWorks,IV, 331.
[415]“He [King] has availed himself of another’s aid, and the hand of the Senator from Missouri is as visible in the composition, as if his name had been subscribed to the instrument.” (Clay’s speech of June 20, 1832.)
[415]“He [King] has availed himself of another’s aid, and the hand of the Senator from Missouri is as visible in the composition, as if his name had been subscribed to the instrument.” (Clay’s speech of June 20, 1832.)
[416]Hamilton’sReminiscences, 150.
[416]Hamilton’sReminiscences, 150.
[417]Hill’s explanatory speech in the Senate, March 3, 1834, differs radically from the generally accepted story, and has the ring of truth.
[417]Hill’s explanatory speech in the Senate, March 3, 1834, differs radically from the generally accepted story, and has the ring of truth.
[418]Schouler,IV, 44.
[418]Schouler,IV, 44.
[419]In Reginald C. McGrane’sCorrespondence of Nicholas Biddle, see Biddle to John Harper, 67; to John Nichol, 72; to Robert Lenox, 72; to A. Dickens, 77; to Major Lewis, 80; to Samuel Jaudon, 82.
[419]In Reginald C. McGrane’sCorrespondence of Nicholas Biddle, see Biddle to John Harper, 67; to John Nichol, 72; to Robert Lenox, 72; to A. Dickens, 77; to Major Lewis, 80; to Samuel Jaudon, 82.
[420]Pray,Memoirs of James Gordon Bennett,I, 148.
[420]Pray,Memoirs of James Gordon Bennett,I, 148.
[421]Ibid.
[421]Ibid.
[422]Memoir of Hugh Lawson White, 80.
[422]Memoir of Hugh Lawson White, 80.
[423]Parton,II, 654.
[423]Parton,II, 654.
[424]Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 88.
[424]Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 88.
[425]Ibid., 91.
[425]Ibid., 91.
[426]Biddle to Samuel Smith,ibid., 94.
[426]Biddle to Samuel Smith,ibid., 94.
[427]Ibid., 97.
[427]Ibid., 97.
[428]Charles Augustus Davis,ibid., 101.
[428]Charles Augustus Davis,ibid., 101.
[429]Clay to Biddle,ibid., 105.
[429]Clay to Biddle,ibid., 105.
[430]Lewis to Biddle,ibid., 103.
[430]Lewis to Biddle,ibid., 103.
[431]Roswell L. Colt,ibid., 104.
[431]Roswell L. Colt,ibid., 104.
[432]Josiah Nichol to Biddle,Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 196.
[432]Josiah Nichol to Biddle,Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 196.
[433]Biddle to Nichol,ibid., 107.
[433]Biddle to Nichol,ibid., 107.
[434]Clay to Biddle,ibid., 110.
[434]Clay to Biddle,ibid., 110.
[435]Biddle to Clay,ibid., 115.
[435]Biddle to Clay,ibid., 115.
[436]Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 124.
[436]Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 124.
[437]Ibid., 126.
[437]Ibid., 126.
[438]See Biddle’s memorandum on conference,ibid., 128.
[438]See Biddle’s memorandum on conference,ibid., 128.
[439]Speech at Cincinnati, Clay’sWorks,VII, 396.
[439]Speech at Cincinnati, Clay’sWorks,VII, 396.
[440]Commenting on it in theGlobe, Jan. 14, 1832, Blair concludes: “The object of the Bank and politicians who build their hopes upon its power is at once to procure a new charter from a Congress which has not been elected by the people to pass upon that question.”
[440]Commenting on it in theGlobe, Jan. 14, 1832, Blair concludes: “The object of the Bank and politicians who build their hopes upon its power is at once to procure a new charter from a Congress which has not been elected by the people to pass upon that question.”
[441]Hamilton’sReminiscences, 234.
[441]Hamilton’sReminiscences, 234.
[442]Hamilton’sReminiscences, 235-36.
[442]Hamilton’sReminiscences, 235-36.
[443]Ibid., 234-35.
[443]Ibid., 234-35.
[444]Edward Shippen to Biddle,Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 136.
[444]Edward Shippen to Biddle,Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 136.
[445]Ibid., 138.
[445]Ibid., 138.
[446]Robert Gibbs to Biddle,Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 139.
[446]Robert Gibbs to Biddle,Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 139.
[447]C. F. Mercer to Biddle,ibid., 140.
[447]C. F. Mercer to Biddle,ibid., 140.
[448]Clay to Biddle,ibid., 142.
[448]Clay to Biddle,ibid., 142.
[449]Webster to Biddle,ibid., 145.
[449]Webster to Biddle,ibid., 145.
[450]Site of the Willard, 14th Street and the Avenue.
[450]Site of the Willard, 14th Street and the Avenue.
[451]These ten, Dickerson of New Jersey, Dallas and Wilkins of Pennsylvania, Smith of Maryland, Mangum of North Carolina, Forsyth of Georgia, Poindexter of Mississippi, Kane and Robinson of Illinois, and Hendricks of Indiana.
[451]These ten, Dickerson of New Jersey, Dallas and Wilkins of Pennsylvania, Smith of Maryland, Mangum of North Carolina, Forsyth of Georgia, Poindexter of Mississippi, Kane and Robinson of Illinois, and Hendricks of Indiana.
[452]For Cadwalader’s reports seeCorrespondence of Nicholas Biddle, 146-61.
[452]For Cadwalader’s reports seeCorrespondence of Nicholas Biddle, 146-61.
[453]McLane to Biddle,ibid., 165.
[453]McLane to Biddle,ibid., 165.
[454]Webster to Biddle,ibid., 169.
[454]Webster to Biddle,ibid., 169.
[455]Weed’sAutobiography,I, 373.
[455]Weed’sAutobiography,I, 373.
[456]Weed’sAutobiography,I, 373.
[456]Weed’sAutobiography,I, 373.
[457]Ingersoll to Biddle,Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 187.
[457]Ingersoll to Biddle,Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 187.
[458]Ibid., 188.
[458]Ibid., 188.
[459]Hamilton’sReminiscences, 243.
[459]Hamilton’sReminiscences, 243.
[460]Hamilton’sReminiscences, 244.
[460]Hamilton’sReminiscences, 244.
[461]Biddle to Cadwalader,Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 191.
[461]Biddle to Cadwalader,Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 191.
[462]Ibid., 192.
[462]Ibid., 192.
[463]Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 192.
[463]Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 192.
[464]Clay’sWorks,IV, 340.
[464]Clay’sWorks,IV, 340.
[465]Hamilton’sReminiscences, 243.
[465]Hamilton’sReminiscences, 243.
[466]Ingersoll to Biddle,Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 183.
[466]Ingersoll to Biddle,Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 183.
[467]Van Buren’sPolitical Parties in the United States, 314.
[467]Van Buren’sPolitical Parties in the United States, 314.
[468]Ibid.
[468]Ibid.
[469]Buell.
[469]Buell.
[470]Van Buren’sPolitical Parties in the United Slates, 218.
[470]Van Buren’sPolitical Parties in the United Slates, 218.
[471]Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 193.
[471]Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 193.
[472]Political Parties in the United States, 313-14, and 317.
[472]Political Parties in the United States, 313-14, and 317.
[473]Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 196.
[473]Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 196.
[474]Blair reproduced this in theGlobeof July 26th in the midst of the campaign.
[474]Blair reproduced this in theGlobeof July 26th in the midst of the campaign.
[475]Washington Globe, July 14, 1832.
[475]Washington Globe, July 14, 1832.
[476]Memoir of Hugh Lawson White, 80.
[476]Memoir of Hugh Lawson White, 80.
[477]Political Parties in the United States, 321.
[477]Political Parties in the United States, 321.
[478]Benton’sThirty Years’ View.
[478]Benton’sThirty Years’ View.