670 Birth of Mohammed.595 Marriage with Khadîjah.610 Mohammed's first 'Revelation.'620 Deaths of Khadîjah and Abu Talib.622 The Hegira or Flight to Medina.624 The Battle of Badr.630 Capture of Mecca.632 Death of Mohammed--Abu Bakr, Caliph.634-637 Conquest of Syria.635-642 Conquest of Persia.640 Conquest of Egypt.651-750 The Caliphs of Damascus.700-800 Islam spreads in Central Asia and China.711 Moslem rule in Spain.732 Battle of Tours--Europe saved from Islam.749-1258 The Caliphs of Baghdad.1019 Mahmoud of Gazni enters India.1096 The First Crusade.1147 The Second Crusade.1100-1200 Islam spreads to Western Soudan.1200-1300 Mongols overrun Central Asia--Jenghis Khan.1235-1315 Raymund Lull.1299-present time. Turkish or Ottoman dynasty.1369-1405 Timerlane, Mogul conqueror in India.1453 Constantinople captured by the Turks.1492 Battle of Grenada ends Moslem rule in Spain.1507 Islam spreads in East Indies.1500-1552 Francis Xavier.1527-1707 Mogul Empire in India.1683 Turks defeated before Vienna.1750 Islam begins to spread in Negro Africa.1757 Battle of Plassey--British rule in India.1806-1812 Henry Martyn in India, Persia and Armenia.1868 Imad-ud-Din ordained at Amritsar.1873 Death of Livingstone at Ilala.1880 Founding of North Africa Mission.1881 Rise of the Mahdi (Khartoum).1882 British occupy Egypt.1885 Death of General Gordon--Fall of Khartoum.1887 Death of Ion Keith-Falconer at Aden.1889 Arabian (American) Mission organized,1898 Fall of Mahdi--British occupy Eastern Soudan.1899 Hausaland Mission founded.1900 British Protectorate over N. Nigeria and Hausaland.1907 Turkey's 'Bloodless Revolution.'1908 Growth of Reform Party in Persia.
MOSLEM POPULATION OF THE WORLD
Asia-- Total Mohammedan---- Population. Population.India 308,965,933 65,955,886Dutch East Indies 38,216,979 35,308,996Russian Empire (includingBokhara and Khiva) 167,003,400 20,000,000Turkey in Asia 19,705,200 12,278,800Chinese Empire 427,135,305 8,421,000Afghanistan 5,900,000 5,000,000Persia 5,000,000 4,500,000Arabia 2,500,000 2,500,000Ceylon 4,105,535 276,361Rest of Asia -- 2,449,067----------Total for Asia-- 156,690,110===========Africa--------Egypt 11,287,359 10,269,445Rest of Africa -- 31,769,904----------Total for Africa-- 42,039,349==========Europe--------Turkey in Europe 2,000,000 1,000,000Balkan States 17,000,000 699,637Great Britain 45,369,090 1,000Rest of Europe (notincluding Russia) -- 673,039----------Total for Europe (notincluding Russia) -- 2,373,676=========America174,061------- =======Australia19,500--------- ======TOTAL FOR MOHAMMEDAN WORLD, 201,296,696===========
POLITICAL SURVEY OF THE MOSLEM WORLD
Moslems under Christian Rule or Protection.Great {in Africa, 22,606,344}Britain {in Asia, 67,871,767} 90,478,111France {in Africa, 15,085,000}{in Asia, 232,000} 15,317,000Germany,in Africa1,480,000Italy, Portugal, Spain,in Africa1,825,000United States,in Asia277,547Nether- {in Africa, 60,000}lands {in Asia, 35,308,996} 35,368,996Russia,in Europe and Asia20,000,000Europe 1,373,676America 174,000Abyssinia and Liberia 780,000----------Total under Christian Rule 167,074,330===========Under Moslem Rulers.Turkey {in Asia, 12,278,800}{in Europe, 1,000,000} 13,278,800Afghanistan 6,000,000Persia 4,500,000Arabia 2,500,000----------Total under Moslem Rule 25,278,800==========Under Non-Christian Rulers other than Moslem.Africa 203,005Chinese Empire 8,421,000Siam 300,000Japan and Formosa 200Tibet 28,600----------Total under Non-Christian and Non-Moslem Rulers 8,952,705=========
NOTE.—The above figures have been taken from the Statistical Survey by Professor Westermann and Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., given inThe Moslem World, April 1914.
A
Abbas, uncle of Mohammed,86
Abdallah, father of Mohammed, 2
Abdallah, fanatic follower of Mohammed,76; breaker of sacred truce,76,77
Abdalrahman, Caliph, his confession,117
Abdul Masih, Indian Christian,176
Abdurahman Wad en Nejumi, follower of the Mahdi,164; his death,165,166
Abd ul Muttalib, grandfather of Mohammed,2,3
Abu Bakr, first propagandist of Islam,39,40,41; father of Ayesha,59; in flight to Medina,62-4; at death of Mohammed,90; first Caliph,40,96,100,205
Abu Jahl, slain at Badr,82,83
Abu Talib, uncle of Mohammed,4,6,7,22; opposes Mohammed,46; protects him,47; death of,58,205
Abyssinia, a Christian kingdom,12; shelters Moslem refugees,55,56
Aden, and Ion Keith-Falconer,185,205
Afghanistan, Moslems in,99,158
Africa (see also under various divisions), the 'pagan continent, '161; the problem of,162; spread of Islam,205
Akbar, Mogul Emperor,157
Al Amin, a name for Mohammed,17
Al Arkam, house of Mohammed,48,54
Al Caswa, Mohammed's favourite camel,66,68,86
Alexandria, taken by Moslems,109,205
Ali, the Peter of Islam,51,52; adopted son of Mohammed,52
Allah (see underCreed,Islam,Teaching of Mohammed)
Almsgiving, a Moslem ordinance,70
Al Safa,44
American Missions, Arabia,205
Antioch, in Moslem power,109
Arabia 'Land of the Desert, '1,188; divided and idolatrous,12,13,19; connection with sacred history,20; civil war in,79; united by Mohammed,87; a Moslem military depôt,102; its rapid development,105; present degradation,124; Ion Keith-Falconer's work and vision,184-6,205
Arabs, descent from Ishmael,4; compared to wild ass,5; truce and fairs of Ukaz,18; germ of belief in one true God,20,21; common ancestry,21; common tongue,21
Arafat, Mount, scene of Mohammed's shepherd life,4,6
Armenia, Christians in,121,126,146
Asia, the Moslem problem in,175
Asia Minor, conquered in the eleventh century,99; peasantry ruined,120; under Moslem dominion,160
Aurungzeb in India,157
Awakening of the East,153,154,196-8
Ayesha, betrothed to Mohammed,59; established at Medina,68; at Mohammed's death,90
Azhar, Al, Moslem University in Cairo,174,175
B
Badr, on caravan route,80; battle of,80-4,100,205
Baghdad, seat of the Caliphs,111,205; home of learning,111,112,117; palace described,113; life of Caliphs in,111,116,117
Balkans, Islam in,99
Baluchistan, a Moslem state,158
Bedouin, desert life,3,5,64
Bible, unknown to Mohammed,9; translated into Arabic and Hindustani,172,176; read by Imad-ud-Din,180
Bilâl the first muezzin,69; calls from the Kaaba,86
Bishop Tugwell, in West Africa,171,205
Black Stone, described,11; brought by Gabriel,11; re-laid under Mohammed's direction,26-9; revered to-day,154
Blood Feuds in Arabia,13,15,16
Bokhara, struggles against Islam,110; a Moslem stronghold,158
Bosworth Smith, quoted,120,121
Bugia, place of Raymund Lull's death,146
Buhaira, a Christian monk,8
Byzantium (see alsoConstantinople), besieged by Moslem armies,31; opposed to science,112
C
Caliph, Abu Bakr, the first,40,100,205; Omar, the second,100,205; at Damascus,111; at Baghdad,111,112; life described,111-13; Abdalrahman quoted,117; date of,205
Caravan, Mohammed joins,7; Mohammed conducts for Khadîjah,22,23; attacked by Moslems,74-6; at gorge of Nakhla,76-8; at Badr,79
Carthage conquered,109
Central Asia, Moslems in,119,154,158,205
Challenge of Islam,134,140,192
Character of Mohammed, developed by desert life,6; not courageous,16; as a citizen,17,18,31; in face of opposition,47,48; lack of foresight,66; stolid patience,68; as a conqueror,82-6
Characteristics of Mohammed, meditation,3,6,34; personal appearance,16,17; appearance during visitations,41,42; mannerisms,48,49; in his last days,89,90
Charles Martel repulses Saracens,105,205
China, Islam reaches in eleventh century,99,205; Moslems in,156
Christ, teaching of, compared with that of Mohammed,136-40
Christendom finds new centres,109
Christian churches conquered by Moslems, in Syria,87,109,140,205; in North Africa,109; in Mesopotamia,109; in Egypt,109,205; in Spain,109; in Constantinople,109,205; in Bokhara,109,158; threatened by Moslems in Livingstonia,100,170; in Nyassaland,100,170; in Uganda,100,170
Christians, seem to Mohammed men of learning,7,8; teaching of, in Mohammed's day,9,10
Church Missionary Society, in Uganda,170; in Hausaland,171-4
Commission of the Christian Church,194
Constantinople (see also underByzantium) conquered by Moslem Turks,109,205; under Moslem rule,120,121; political centre of Islam,159,160
Converts to Islam, Khadîjah,37; Abu Bakr,40; Zaid,40; Ali,51-2; Omar,52-4; Abdallah,76
Creed of Mohammed,32,39,67,101,107,156,158,179
Crete, visited by Raymund Lull,146
Crusade, the new Crusade of Love,150
Crusades, good and bad points,140,141; a mistake,147; date of,205
D
Daily Telegraphand Stanley,170
Damascus, former seat of Caliphs,111
Davidson, Professor, quoted,30
Death, the Moslem view of,103
Desert, influence of, on thought,6; scene of legends,7
Dutch East Indies, Moslems in,155; Missions in,182
E
East Indies, Islam in,155; Missions in,182
Education, of Mohammed,4; in Moslem schools,108; Baghdad, a centre of,111,112,117; of Imad-ud-Din,177-80; in Al Azhar,174,175
Egypt,99,109,114,161; date of Moslem conquest,99,205
Europe in thirteenth century,142
Extent of Islam,31,32,39,69,70,99,111,114,125-6,154,189
F
Fairs in Arabia,14,18
Fakirs in India,177
Freeman, Professor, quoted,120
Friday service, the first,65; a Moslem institution,68,108
G
Gabriel, bringer of Black Stone,11; first appearance to Mohammed,35,36; suras inspired by,42,93; fights at Badr,81
Ghenghis Khan, seeJenghis Khan
Gierku, a Christian outpost,172
God, Moslem idea of (see underCreed,Islam,Teaching of Mohammed)
Governments and Missions,151,163
H
Hadesi, or town-dweller,6,21
Hagar, and Well of Zemzem,2; supposed aid in rebuilding Kaaba,12
Hall Caine, quoted on Morocco,123
Hanîfahs, reformers in Mecca,30
Hausa, convert,172,173; states,171; Mission,205
Hawazin tribe, fights Koreish,15,16; conquered,79-84
Hegira, or Flight to Medina,62-5,205
Henry Martyn, his life,175,176,205; his sole convert,176,182; the secret of his faith,196
Hindus compared with Moslems,157,158
Hira, Mount, scene of Mohammed's first 'revelation, '34
Hobal, tribal god of the Koreish,11
I
Imad-ud-Din, his autobiography,177-82; his self-sacrifice,181,205
India, spread of Islam into,99; Moslem invaders,156,157; Moslem rulers,157; Henry Martyn goes to,175,205; Moslem converts to Christianity in,177
Influence of Mohammed, enthusiasm of first converts,70; strengthened by institution of brotherhood,71; character reproduced in followers,91; magic of his name,92,93; partly due to smallness of demands,104,105
Inspiration, Mohammed's,33; Mohammed three years without,38; Mohammed's claim to,42,50,51; Moslem view of,93
Ion Keith-Falconer, his life,184-86; his death,185,186,203; the source of his devotion,196
Isaiah, quoted,190,191
Islam (see also underChallenge,Extent, andSpread), at first a secret society,40; slow initial progress,40; early converts,40,41,70; its doctrines not new,43; a persecuted sect,47,55; House of Al Arkam, home of,48; its religious observances,68-70; state after Mohammed's death,96; does not examine motives,104,111,130; simplicity of,104; failure to raise men,104,105,114,136; its fruits to-day,105,118-126; signs of awakening,197; its propaganda,163,164; denies the Golden Age,191,192; internal decay,188-90
J
Jenghis Khan,157,205
Jerusalem, used as centre of Moslem worship,69,73; conquered by Moslems,111; sacred places in Moslem hands,140
JESUS, and Mohammed,132,136,140,160,193
Jethro, and Arabia,20
Jews, on the road to Syria,8; in Medina,71; Mohammed seeks alliance with,71,72; hostility of Islam to,71; Mohammed breaks with,73; subjugated,87,109
Jihâd, or Holy War, a Moslem duty,70,102
Job, and Arabia,20
John, Saint, quoted,191
K
Kaaba, description of,11; legendary history of,12; destroyed and rebuilt,27-9; secret of Mecca's greatness,45; Mohammed removes idols from,86; consecrated as centre of Islam,86,154
Kano,171
Kashmir, Islam in,99,157
Khadîjah, Mohammed's employer,22,23; wooing of,23-5; marriage to Mohammed,21,25,205; cousin of Warakah,25; comforts Mohammed,36; tests the spirits,37; death of,58,205
Khâlid, on death,103
Kinana, the ancestors of the Koreish,15
Korân quoted,34,35,37,38,50,51,57,128; how compiled,42; delivered by Gabriel,42,93; fifty-third sura retracted,57,58; suras collected,93; Moslem view of inspiration,93; the law of the land,108; teachers appointed,108; influence in Arabia,124; names of God in,127,128; Moslem commentator on,128; its teaching on prayer,130,131
Koreish, the premier tribe of Arabia,2; Hobal, their tribal god,11; at war with Hawazin tribe,14-16; relay the Black Stone,27-9; infuriated by Mohammed's teaching,44-6; persecutors of first Moslems,55,56; defeated at Badr,80-4; besieged Medina,84; re-instated as guardians of Kaaba,86
Krapf, and his chain of Missions,171
L
Lagos, Islam reaches,100,163,164
Lâ il�ha iliâ 'llâhu,39
Lât and Uzza,45,57,86
Legends, concerning Mohammed's youth,10; Black Stone,11; Hegira,63
Livingstone, found by Stanley,168; his influence on Missions,152,162,205
Livingstonia, Church threatened in,100,171; Mission at,170
M
Magistrates appointed by Moslems,108
Mahdi, fall of,205
Mahmoud of Ghazni in India,157,205
Mahmoud, Sultan, his reforms,120,121