Skittegat.
American: dialect of theHaidah.
Skoffi.
American: put for “Escopie,” name forSheshatapoosh.
Skwally.
American: same asNasqually. Classed by Hale asAtnahorSelish. Scouler’s name isSquallyamish.
Slang.
Vulgar or Colloquial English of the sporting classes and lower orders, especially those of large towns. See Hotten’s “New Dictionary,” “Slang,” &c.
Slavic,Slavonic,orSlavonian.
Word of uncertain derivation, used as designating one branch of the Indo-European family. Professor Senkovski derives it from slov = man (Russ, cheloväku;Polish, czlowiek); others derive it from “sru,” “slu,” “famous”; or from “slovo”: “word,” the people being “slovenie,” “the speakers.” Also calledVenidi,Winidi,Wends.
Slavonic.
(1) The typical dialect of Sarmatian, from which Russian has been formed, first writtenA.D.850. (Modern Slavonia is a province of Austria.) Grammar by Miklosich, vols. i.-iii., Vienna, 1852-6.
(2) Class name for a division ofWendic, comprisingOld Bohemian,Polatian(extinct),Eccl. Slavonic(extinct),Bulgarian,Czech,Croatian,Illyrian,Lusitanian,Polabian,Polish,Russian,Ruthenian,Servian,Slovack,Slovenian,Sorabic.
They have two forms of alphabetic character:—(1) TheCyrillic, (2) theGlagolitic, which is by some called a modified Cyrillic, by others attributed to St. Hieronymus, of Dalmatia,A.D.331.
Sleswick,seeSchleswig.
Slovack.
Slavonicof Hungary. Dicty. by Loos, Pesth, 1870.SeeHungarian.
Slovenian.
Slavonicof Illyria, Styria, and Carinthia. Sprachlehre, by Murko, Grätz, 1832.SeeServian.
Small-robes.
American: tribe of Blackfeet.
Snake Indians.
American: tribe of Shoshones.SeeNaga.
Soahili,underKi.
Soana.
Romance: dialect ofFranco-Italian.
Sobo.
African: closely allied toBini.
Society’s Islands,seeTahitian.
Socotra,seeSokotran.
Soerabayan,seeSurabaya.
Soerikong.
American: dialect ofCarib.
Sofala.
African: dialect of theMozambique.
Sogdi.
Iranic: dialect of ancient Sogdiana, now Bokhara.
Sohili,underKi.
Soiony,Soiot.
Ugrian: Siberian dialects, sometimes classed asTurkee, sometimes calledSamoied; allied toKoibal.
Sok,Sokpa.
Non-Aryandialect of N. Thibet. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
Sokha,Sokhala.
Turkee: classed asYakut.
Sokko,Asokko.
African: class-name for a division ofManaorMandingo. ☞
Sokna.
African: dialect ofTuarik.
Sokotran.
Semitic:Arabicdialect of the Island of Socotra, in the Arabian Gulf.
Soledad(La).
American: Indians of California, on River Salinas. Same asMutsun.
Soli.
Indian: wandering tribes of Korawa.
Solimani.
Name for Affghans.
Solomon Islands.
Polynesian: dialects areBauroandGuadalcanar.
Solor.
Javanese, withNegritoelements. Solor is an island of the Timor group, and is peopled with Alfuru.
Somauli.
Abyssinian: division of theGallaclass. It is spoken from about Zeyla, where it touches the Adaiel frontier, to 70° N. lat. inland, and to Capa Garolafuri E. Berbera is the chief Somauli town.
It is allied toAgaw.H. C.
Somerset.
Provincial dialect of England. Glossary in Brayley’s “Illustrations,” London, 1834; also by Jennings.
Sonder.
Malayan: dialect ofMenadu.
Songai,seeSunghai.
Songo.
African: dialect ofKaffir.
Songpu.
Indo-Chinese:Nagadialect of Burmah, closely allied to Koreng.
Soninke.
African: same asSwaninke.SeeSeracolet.
Sonora,seePima.
Sontali(Santali).
Indian: remarkable tribe inhabiting the Sontal Purgunnahs of the Bhagulpur district in Bengal. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”A. C.
Sooloo,seeSula.
Sorb,Sorabic,Sorabian.
TheSlavonicof Upper Lusatia; the language of Lower Lusatia is calledSerskish.SeeWendic.
Sosimilchi.
American: entered in Jülg’s edition of “Vater” asNahuatlac.
Souaili,Sowauli,underKi.
Soudan,seeNigritian.
Souletin.
One of the four literary dialects ofBasque.
Souliers-Noirs.
American:Frenchname for Ahnahaways, called “Blackfeet;” tribe of Crow Indians.
Souriquois,seeMic-mac.
South Australian.
See Grammar, &c., by Teichelmann and Schürmann, Adelaide, 1841.
Sow.
Dayakof Borneo; allied toBiajuk.
Sowakim,Suakim.
African: same asBishari.
Sowaulee,Sohili.
African: same asSouahili,Swahili; the language spoken along the sea-coast from the S. boundary of the Somauli, at Mogadoxo, to Mombaz.R. G. L.
Spanish.
Romance: the language of Spain, founded onLatin, with a combination ofCelto-Iberian, largely augmented byGothicand influenced byArabic; it is spoken not only in Spain, but in various parts of America, the Philippine Islands, &c. Standard Spanish is calledCastilian; other dialects are calledCatalonianorLimousin,Galician(Gallego), andAragonese. Dicty. by Velasquez, London, 1870; Grammar, 1869.
⁂ The remains of the Iberian language are known asBasque. ☞
Spartan.
Hellenic: the ancient dialect of Laconia; a form ofDoric Greek, with some peculiar words.
Spokein.
American: tribe of Flat Heads.
Squallyamish.
American: same asSqually. Dialect of Puget’s Sound, spoken about 49° N. lat. “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii.; “Journal of the Royal Geographical Society,” 1841.
Stages of Language.
Term used for periods in the growth of a language, it being supposed that a language may develop from Monosyllabic to Agglutinative or Incorporating, and finally become Inflectional.
Steiermarkish.
(1) Wendic: sub-dialect ofSlovenian.
(2)Germanic. See Sartoris: “Neuester Reise,” Leipsig, 1811.SeeStyrian.
Stickeen.
American: tribe of Kolush.
St. John’s,seePassamaquodds.
Stockholm.
Scandinavian: dialect of Sweden. See Radloff’s “Beskrifning,” Upsala, 1805.
Stone-Indians.
American tribe of Assineboines, classed asDakotah.
Strasburg.
Teutonic: classed asHigh-German. Vocaby. by Arnold, 1816.
Suabian,seeSwabian.
Suaheli,seeSwahili.
Suaken.
African: dialect ofBeja, orBishari, spoken about 19° 20′ N. lat.
Suanian,Suanic,orSwan.
Caucasian: dialect ofGeorgian, spoken by the Swans of Mingrelia. Grammar by Rosen.H. C.
Sub-Derat.
Abyssinian: dialect of theAdareb.
Sub-Dialects,underD.
Subtiabo.
American: native language of Honduras; quoted as a dialect ofLenca, in the Spanish translation of Squier’s “Notes,” &c. Small Vocaby. in Dr. Latham’s “Elements,” p. 436.
Sudania,seeNigritian.
Sudra.
Indianterm: low-caste Hindoo. (Wilson.)
Suffolk.
Sub-dialect of English, classed asE. Anglian. Glossary by Moor; “Forby’s Vocabulary.”SeeHawstead.
Suisse-Romande.
Same asRhæto-Romanic.SeeSwiss.
SulaorSulu.
Malayan: closely allied toCajeli.SeeSultan.
Sultan.
Malayan: language of Sulu and Borneo.
Sumatra,seeBatak.
Sumba.
A smaller island than Sumbawa; it also is in the Timor group, and is peopled with Alfuru.
Sumbawa,seeBima.
Sumchu.
Indo-Chinese:Kunawardialect of Thibet.
Sumenap.
Javaneseof Madura.
Sundanese.
The language of the western part of Java, separated from the genuine Javanese districts by the rivers Chi Losari in the north and Chi Tandooï in the south. The influence of the Hindoo colonists on this part of Java has been very limited: hence both the people and their language are less civilised than those of middle Java. The language, though equally belonging to theMalayanfamily, differs considerably from the Javanese, and seems to be more nearly akin to theBattaandMalayof Sumatra. There is some difference between the high and low language as in Javanese—the former being calledBasa-Menak, the latterBasa-Kuring. The number, however, of distinct Menak words is not considerable, and most of them are derived fromJavanese. The Sundanese was, till recently, seldom written. The natives, for writing it, make use either of the Arabic or of the Javanese alphabet, the latter with some slight modifications.P. J. V.SeeBatavian-Malay.
Sunghai,Songai,Songhay.
African: dialect of Timbuctu, spoken along the River Niger, between 13° and 18° N. lat.R. G. L.
Sungnem,Sungnum.
Indo-Chinese: dialect ofKunawari.
Suntah.
Dayakof Borneo, closely allied toSow.
Sunwar,seeSanwar.
Suomi,Suomelaini,Suomelaiset.
Tchudic: name forFin.Suome= swamp,i.e., “Fenners,” or “men of the fens.”
Surabaya.
Malayan: local dialect of Java. CalledLow-Malay.
Sura-Cani.
Language of the heavenly regions; local name forSanskrit.
Surga.
African: dialect ofTuarik.
Suri-Butan.
That is, “little Thibet,” of Bultistan. Vocaby. in Vigne’s “Travels,” London, 1842.SeeBhot.
Surinam-Negro.
Creolese: mingled dialect ofEnglishandDutch, spoken in Guiana; also calledNegro-English. “Proeve, &c.,” by Van der Vegt, Amsterdam, 1844.SeeSaramacca.
Sursee,Sussee.
American: tribe of Chepewyan, on the Saskatchewan river line.
Susdalish.
Slavonic: sub-dialect ofRussian.
Susoo.
African:Mandingodialect of Senegambia.
Sussex.
Provincial dialect of England. Glossary by Cooper, Brighton, 2nd edition, 1853; Works by M. A. Lower.
Sutra-renchong.
Javanesealphabet of Sumatra.SeePalembang.
Swabian(Schwabische).
(1) Sub-dialect of oldHigh-German; typical dialect of the middle ages, representing the dynasty of Hohenstauffen. It was the dialect of the Minnesingers.
(2) Modern. Dicty. by Schmid, Stuttgart, 1831.SeeHalle.
Swahili.
African:Kaffirlanguage of Zanzibar; also calledKi-Suaheli. Handbook by Steere, London, 1870.
Swaninke,seeSeracolet.
Swauti.
Paropamisan: dialect of Dardistan, closely allied toShina.
Sweden, New.
American: now New Jersey.SeeMyncquesar.
Swedish.
Teutonic: language of theScandinavianclass, closely allied toDanish, and differing but little from modernNorwegian. The name is that of the ancient Suiones. Dialects areGothlandic,Helsingland,Schonen,Stockholm. Lexicon by Tullberg, Stockholm, 1868.SeeDalecarlian.
Sweo-Gothic,Suio-Gothic.
A name given toOld Swedish. See Ihre’s “Glossarium Suio-Gothicum,” 2 vols., folio, Upsal, 1769. Few books throw greater light on English Etymology.W. W. S.
Swiss(Schweiz).
(1) Teutonic: classed asHigh-German. See “Die Schweizerische Mundart,” Frauenfeld, 1838.
(2) Romance:patoisofFrench. See “Histoire,” &c., by De Ladoucette, Paris, 1834.
(3) Dialects: “Stalder gives specimens of 35 in German, 16 in French, 5 in Romansch, 8 in Italian.”—Taylor’s “Words and Places,” London, 1865, p. 49.
⁂ According to Mr. Hepworth Dixon we find [1872]—384,561 families speaking German, 134,183 French, 30,293 Italian, 8,759 Romansch.SeeRomana.
Sydney.
Australian: somewhat allied toMuruya.
Syllabic.
Said of alphabets with “letters that represent syllables instead of simple sounds.”SeeJapanese.
Syouah,seeSiwah.
Syriac.
Semitic: typical language of theAramaic, N. branch; closely allied toHebrew, and written in an alphabetic character of its own; it has a considerable literature, and is spoken near Damascus and in parts of Kurdistan, on the confines of Persia and Turkey.Palmyreneis the Syriac of Tadmor: andEstrangelois the name of its oldest written character. Grammar (Modern) by Stoddart, N. Haven, 1855; Archaic (N.T.) by Yeates, London, 1819. Dictionary by Castelli; Chrestomathia by Roediger, Halle, 1868.SeePeshito.
Syrjenic,seeSirenian.
Syro-Arabic.
Same asSemitic.
Syro-Chaldee.
Semitic: the vernacular speech of the Nestorian Christians of Kurdistan; it is a corrupted form ofSyriac, is written in a modification of the Estrangelo characters, and spoken on the borders of Asiatic Turkey and Persia.
Syrojedic.
Same asSamoied; “raw-flesh eaters.”
Szauaken,seeSuaken.
Szehleh.
African: a name forMobba.
Szekler.
Old tribes of Magyar. Same asSiculi.
Szmudic,seeSamogitian.