Dabantshi.
African: dialect of the district of Hamarua and Adamawa; Barth’s Collection; Gotha, 1862-6.SeeBatta.
DacianorDaco-Wallachian,see underW.
Dacotah.
American: chief dialect of the Sioux; Pond: “Dakota Reading-book,” Boston, 1842.SeeSioux.
DagambaorDagwumba.
African: dialect of the Kouri.SeeIngwa.
DahiorDarahi.
Indic: a dialect of Nepaul allied toKuswar; it is also calledDenwar.
Dahomy.
African: a large group of languages vernacular on the Guinea Coast. McLeod’s “Voyage,” London, 1820.SeeWidah.
Dairi.
The dialect of Western Battas, in Sumatra.P. J. V.
DajakorDyak.
The native dialect of Borneo, a large island in the Indian Archipelago: spoken by Polynesian aborigines as distinct from Malay. Keppel: “Expedition,” London, 1846; Hardeland’s Dicty., Dajacksch-Deutsches, Amsterdam, 1859.
DakhaniorDukhani.
Indic: a dialect ofHindostanivernacular among the Mohammedans of the Madras Presidency, in the Deccan or S. Peninsula of India.
Dalecarlian.
Sub-dialect ofSwedish; see Arborelius Conspectus: “Lexici,” Upsala, 1813; “Grammatices,” 1818; Ihre’s “Swenskt Dialect-Lexicon,” Upsala, 1766.W. W. S.
Dalla.
African: a negro dialect spoken on the Abyssinian frontier.SeeShangalla.
Dalmatian.
Slavonic: a sub-dialect ofServian. See Frölich “Der Kleine Illirier,” Vienna, 1840.
Dalrymple, Port.
Tasmanian; native dialect of district so-called.
Damantshi.
African; assigned by Barth to a district of Hamarna.
Dammara.
African: sub-dialect ofHottentot.
Damot.
African: sub-dialect ofAgaw.
Damulic.
Dravidian: same word asTamulic.
Danish.
Teutonic: a language of theScandinavianbranch. It is the vernacular tongue of modern Denmark and its dependencies, and closely allied toSwedishandNorwegian. See the Dictionaries by Molbech, Copenhagen, 1841-59; Ferrall and Repp, 1861; and the Society’s great “Danske Ordbog,” in 8 or 9 vols., still unfinished.
Dankali(pl.Danakil).
A sub-dialect or division ofGalla, spoken by the Danakil or Afers, an intrusive tribe located between the Red Sea and Abyssinia; the word “Afer” has been plausibly referred to as containing the lost root of the word “Africa;” most probably a variant of Kaffir; and “Dana,” taken speculatively, may be connected with the Greek legend of the alleged Danaan migration from Egypt, in pre-historic times. See Isenberg: “Vocabulary,” London, 1840.
Dano-Saxon,seeAnglian.
Darahi,seeDahi.
DardorDardu.
A group of languages vernacular in Caubul, more especially on the mountainous tracts of the Paropamisan range; known also asShina. Vocaby., &c., by Leitner. ☞
Darfur.
African; König: “Vocabulaire,” Paris, 1839; Perron: “Sheikh Mohammed’s Voyage,” Paris, 1845.SeeFurian.
Darien.
American: spoken by aborigines in the Isthmus, so-called. ☞
Darling.
Australian: dialect ofYak-Kumban. See Eyre’s “Journals,” London, 1845.
Dar-Mitchegua,seeDizzela.
Darnley(1).
Australian: native dialect of an island so named.
Darnley(2),seeErroobandMaer.
Dar-Runga.
African: allied toMobba. Browne’s “Travels,” London, 1799.
Darsaleh WadyorBergu.
Large district of Central Africa between Bornu and Darfur. The following languages are said to be spoken in it:—(1)Abue Gedam; (2)Ain Gamara; (3)Bili; (4)Bilting; (5)Girri; (6)Kajanga; (7)Kawak; (8)Kelingen; (9)Kodoyi; (10)Koromboy; (11)Kumo; (12)Madaba; (13)Madala; (14)Malanga; (15)Ogodongda; (16)Sheferi. Of these theMobbais the only one known by printed specimens. The unpublished papers of Dr. Barth contain much new material for the investigation of this large and obscure region.R. G. L.
Dasen.
Papuan; dialect of the district about Port Doreh, New Guinea.
Dauphignese.
PatoisofOld French: a sub-dialect ofProvençal, formerly vernacular in the Dauphiné, S. France. See “Essai” by Jules, Paris, 1840.
Daura.
African: sub-dialect ofHaussa.
Daurai.
American:Caribof Demerara; closely allied toAtoria.
Dautgart.
Australian: native dialect of W. Colack.
Deer.
Indian: a dialect ofSwauti, closely allied toShina. See “Jnl. A. S. of Bengal,” 1838.
Degombah,seeDagamba.
Dehwar,seeDahi.
Delagoa Bay,seeLagoaandTekeza.
Delaware.
American: a dialect ofAlgonkinspoken by the true Beaver Tribe of the Lenni-Lenape race, originally located in the State of Delaware, but now removed to the frontier. The modern tribes are said to represent those with whom William Penn first treated in 1682. Pickering: “Vocabulary,” Boston, U. S., 1823.SeeLenni-Lennape.
Delgado, Cape.
African: dialect of the Mozambique.
Dembea.
Semitic: sub-dialect ofAmharic.
Demotic.(“Of the people.”)
A name for the most cursive writing of ancient Egypt; also calledEnchorial.
⁂ It is written invariably from right to left, and has been derived from the primitive hieroglyphic. The earliest known employment of it was in the 7th century before Christ. See Brugsch: “Grammaire Démotique,” Berlin, 1855.G. R.
Denka(1).
Turanian; a name for the Odh or Sable Ostiaks.
Denka(2).
African: called alsoDinka; it is spoken in Kordofan, and is allied toShilluk. See vocabulary in Rüppel: “Reise in Abyssinien,” 2 vols., Frankfort, 1838-40.
Denwar.
Indic: very much likeDahi. H. C.
Deoria-Chutia,underC.
De-Peyster,seeFakaofo.
Derbyshire.
A provincial dialect of England; see “Glossaries,” by Mawe, 1802; Mander, 1821; also “The Reliquary,” ed. by Ll. Jewitt, F.S.A., a periodical.W. W. S.
Deri.
Persic: a sub-dialect of theParsi, the descendant of the ancient Persian language, spoken in Persia from aboutA.D.800.G. R.
Desya.
Dravidian: a term for provincialMalayalim.
Deutsch,seeGerman.
Devonshire.
A provincial dialect of England: Dialogues and Glossaries by Palmer, 1837; Phillips and Gwatkin, 1839.
Dewalla,seeDualla.
Dewanagari,seeDivanagari.
Dewa-ntshi.
African: assigned by Barth to Hamarua.
Dewoi.
African: a dialect spoken in Dahomey, and allied toBassa,Grebo,Kru. &c.H. C.
Dey.
African: a sub-dialect ofGrebo, formerly spoken at Cape Mesurado, on the W. Coast.
Dhamuk.
A sub-dialect ofTuranian, spoken by a broken tribe of the Himalayas.
Dhangur.
A dialect of theKollanguage. The Dhangres of Chota-Nagpoor are the principal emigrants (as Coolies) to Mauritius and the W. Indies.A. C.
Dhenwas,seeDahi.
Dhimal.
The same language as theMech; the Dhimals, like the former, live and thrive in the malarious tracts of Nipal, along the base of the Himalaya.A. C.
Dialect.
The division of a language. Term used for the local variation of a language that is habitually used by, or usually intelligible among, the speakers (applied to provinces or large districts).
Dialect, Sub.
A further division of dialects (applied to townships or small tribes).
Dibon,seeMoab.
Dido.
Lesgian, same asUnso. ☞
Diebes-Sprache.
German term for “cant or slang speech”; also calledGauner-Sprache; See Jülg’s “Vater,” pp. 310-12.
Diebs Is.
German name for the Ladrones.SeeChamori.
Dieguno.
American: language of the mission of S. Diego, vernacular in California. ☞
Diepholz.
Sub-dialect ofLow-German, vernacular in Westphalia. See Müller: “Westphälisches Idiotikon,” Churlande, 1794.
Dikele.
African: classed by Bleek in the N. W. branch ofBantu.
Dimal.
Same asDhimal.SeeMech.
Dinka.
African: same asDenka. See Mitterrutzner’s “Die Dinka-Sprache,” Brixen, 1866-7.
Dioscurian.
A name for the various languages vernacular in the Caucasus; used collectively.
⁂ The word is derived from Dioscurias, a Greek colony on the coast of Mingrelia.G. R.
Dippil.
A native dialect of the Australian aborigines. Vocaby. by Ridley, Sydney, 1866.
Divanagari.
A name for the alphabet adopted inSanskrit, and transferred toHindostaniand many sub-dialects; the word is compounded of “Diva,” “God,” “nagara,” “a city,”i.e., “the sacred city”;scil.Benares. It is apparently derived from theCufic, and quite distinct fromoldSanskrit, a name for Bactrian or Zend.
Divihet.
American: same asPuelche.
Dizzela.
African: spoken on the frontiers of Abyssinia; also calledDar-Mitchegua. It belongs to theAgawgroup. Salt’s “Voyage,” London, 1814.SeeShangalla.
Djabu.
African: name forEyoorAku.
Djebaly.
African: same asKabyle.
Djoe-Tong,seeSaramacca.
Doba.
ANegrodialect of Abyssinia.SeeShangalla.
Dodi.
African: a dialect ofBornu, allied toBodeandNgodzen.
Dofla.
A dialect ofAssamese, allied toAbor.
Dog-rib.
American: a dialect ofAthabascan, allied toSlave.
DoguraorDogra.
Indic: a dialect ofSanskrit, otherwise calledJumbooorMountain Punjabi, spoken in the Punjaub, N. W. India.
Doing-nukorNak.
Monosyllabic: a sub-dialect ofArakanese.
Dolganen.
Tatar: the most westerly dialect of theYakutspoken between the Yenisey and the Chatunga by three small tribes: 1, the Dongot; 2, the Adgan; 3, the Dolgan. The Samoeids call them “younger brothers,” Dolgan being the Russian term. Latham’s “Nationalities,” vol. i., p. 262, London, 1863.
Dolkhali.
A dialect ofOlder Dravidian, vernacular in Nepal.
Domantshi.
African: the same asDamantshiandDumantshi.
Dongolawy.
African: dialect of the Nubian Group, spoken on the Nile in 12° N.L.R. G. L.
Dor.
African: spoken on the Nile, about 3° N.L. See vocabulary by Petherick: “Egypt, the Soudan, &c.,” 8vo, 1861.
DorbotorDurbet.
A dialect ofMoghol.
DorehorDorey, Port.
Papuan: dialects of N. Coast of New Guinea; Wallace: “Malay Archip.”
DoricorDorian.
Hellenic: a dialect ofAncient Greek, spoken in Laconia, Argolis, Corinth, Crete, Rhodes, and several cities of Asia Minor, known to us both through books and inscriptions. It is of a broader character than common Greek. See Portus: “Dict. Doricum,” &c., 1603.G. R.
Dorpat.
Sub-dialect ofEsthonian, vernacular at Dorpat in Esthonia, a Russian province on the Baltic. It belongs to the Turanian family of languages, and closely resemblesFinnish. Masing: “Vorschläge,” 8vo, Dorpat, 1820; Faehlmann, “Versuch,” Dorpat, 1842.
Dorsetshire.
A provincial dialect ofEnglish. See Barnes: “Poems in Dorset Dialect,” 3 vols., 1847-62; also Grammar and Glossary in “Trans. of Phil. Society,” 1863.W. W. S.
Dravidian,Dravirian,orTamulic.
A family of languages, agglutinative in character, vernacular in the S. Peninsula of British India, and classed as Sub-Turanian. It includesCanarese,Malayalim,Tamil,Telugu, andTulu. The term is derived from “Dravira,” a Sanskrit name for the Coromandel Coast. It is also calledNishada. See Caldwell: “Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian Languages,” 8vo, 1861. ☞
Drewin.
African: a dialect ofGrebo, allied toBassa, spoken at Cape Palmas, Ivory-Coast, Guinea, W. Africa.
Dsuku.
African: allied toNufi.
Dualla.
African: spoken at Fernando Po, W. Coast; classed by Bleek asBantu. It is also spelledDewalla.
Duaura,seeBaladea.
Dugorian.
A sub-dialect ofOssetinian.
Dumagat.
A dialect ofNegrito; vernacular in the Philippine Islands.
Duman.
AGipseydialect of Persia. See Latham’s “Elements,” &c., London, 1862, p. 248.
Dumantshi.
African: dialect ofHamarua. A form ofDamantshi.SeeDomantshi.
Durbet,seeDorbot.
Durham.
A provincial dialect ofEnglish. See Glossary in “Surtees’ Society Publications,” 1837.SeeTeesdale.
Dutch.
The modern typical language ofLow-German, calledNieder- orPlatt-Deutsch; it is the name formerly given to High-Dutch or German and Low-Dutch or Flemish, but now narrowed to theNetherlandishof Holland. It includes the dialects of Holland orLow-Dutch, and of Flanders, orFlemish, with their sub-dialects, and is allied toPlatt-Deutsch, being one of the great classes of theTeutonic. The Dutch of Holland has a copious literature, and is spoken in Holland, parts of the West Indies, South Africa, and Australasia or Netherland-India. Provincial dialects are numerous. See Jülg’s “Vater,” pp. 93-98; De Vries and Te Winkel “Woordenboek,” 1864-70, still unfinished; Hermansz’s “Aenleiding,” Amsterdam, 1723; Tuinman’s “Fakkel,” Leyden, 1722-31.H. C.
Dwama.
African: dialect of theMana.
Dyak,seeDajak.
Dzekire.
African: dialect of theYoruba.
Dzelana.
African: classed asKouri, but allied toMose,Guresa, andGurma.H. C.
Dzhellaba.
African: dialect ofBornu.
Dzukaghir,orJugaghir.
Ugrian: a sub-dialect ofFin.