FakaofoorBowditch Is.
Polynesian: dialect of De Peyster’s Is.
Fala,Falantshi,orFalanji.
African: assigned by Barth to Hamarua.
⁂ Judging from Barth’s account, the termination “anji” would seem to mean “tongue”; he gives us instances of similar forms so applied.W. S. W. V.SeeBatta.
Falasha.
A dialect ofAgaw, spoken by a people, called “Black Jews,” scattered throughout Abyssinia. See D’Abbadie, in “Bulletin de la Soc. de Géog.,” Paris, 1845, and a modern book by Flad.
⁂ Derived from the Hebrew “fallâsi” (root פלש) a “wanderer” or “stranger.”A. H. B.
Fall-Indians.
American: a name for tribes of the Alasar.SeeMinetari.
Fallersleben.
A sub-dialect ofLow-German. See Hoffmann’s “Mundartliche,” in Spiel’s “Archives,” 1821.
Families of Speech.
A name for primary divisions of languages, classed genealogically. See Dr. Farrar’s book, so called, London, 1870.
Fan.
Dialect ofSanskrit, used by Chinese Buddhists.
⁂ The full term is “Fan-lan-mo,” equivalent for “Brahma” in Chinese. See “Families of Speech,” p. 14.
Fanintshi.
African: assigned by Barth to Hamarua.SeeBatta.
FantorFante(1).
A name for theGipseydialect of Norway.
FanteeorFanti(2).
African: dialect of the Gold-coast, closely resemblingAvekvom,Ashantee, &c. See Kilham’s “Specimens.” Same as theIntaof Bowditch.
FaroerorFaroese.
Teutonic: a sub-dialect ofScandinavian, spoken in the Faroe Is., and closely resemblingIcelandic.SeeFerroe.
FarsiorParsi.
A name forOld Persic, now extinct, but from which modernPersianhas been derived.
⁂ It is that stage of the Persian language which followed on the Pehlevi, and prevailed from aboutA.D.500 toA.D.1000.G. R.
Faschetru.
African: a negro dialect of Nubia. See Rifaud: “Tableau de l’Egypte,” Paris, 1830.
Fassa.
Sub-dialect ofItalian, spoken in the Tyrol.
Faté.
Polynesian: a dialect of the New Hebrides.
Favorlang.
A dialect ofMalay, spoken in Formosa. See Happart: “Dict.,” Batavia, 1840.
Fazoglo.
African: spoken in Kordofan; also calledQamamyl, and somewhat allied toDenkaandShilluk. See Rüppell: “Reisen,” &c.
FeejeeanorFiji.
Language of the Yiti, Figi, Fidjee, or Viji Is. in the S. Pacific; the largest island is called Viti Lebu. See Hazlewood: “Grammar and Dict.,” 1850-2.
⁂ Classed asMalayan; it has sub-dialects, and has been reduced to writing by missionaries.H. C.
Feis.
Dialect of the Carolines.SeeUlea.
Fella,Fellatah,seeFula.
FeluporFlup.
African: spoken on the R. Gambia. See Park’s “Travels.” Allied toBagnon, &c.
Fenua.
A dialect ofPapuan. In eastern islands,Ennua.W. G.
Fernandian.
African: dialects of Fernando Po, classed by Bleek in the N.W. branch ofBantu.SeeAdiyah.
Ferrara.
Sub-dialect ofItalian. Vocabulary by Mannini, 1805.
Fertit(Golo).
African: spoken in Kordofan, about 9° or 10° N.L.; it is somewhat allied toShabun. See Rüppell: “Reisen in Nubien.”SeeKredy.
Fetu.
African: said to be a dialect ofFantiorInta.H. C.SeeAfudu.
Fiaka.
Sub-dialect ofAinoorKurilian.
Fico,seeCalifornia, Lower.
Fidah,seeWidah.
Fiji,seeFeejeean.
Filani.
African: Haussa name forFula.
Finnic,Finnish,orFinlandish.
Agglutinative; the typical language of theChudic, orTschoudicfamily ofTuranian; it is the native dialect of Finland, a grand duchy of European Russia, N. of the Baltic; it is, likeTurkish,Tatar, andMoghol, classed asAlatyan, but largely influenced bySwedishandRussian. See Kellgren: “Die Grundzüge der Finnischen Sprache,” Berlin, 1847.
⁂ Dialects are (1) Province ofAbo, (2)Tavastrian, (3)Karelian, (4)Olonetsian, (5)Vadialaiset.SeeSuomelaiset.
Firokana.
The name of an alphabetic character used by the Japanese.
Flash.
A name forCantorSlang, derived, it is said, from a village so named in Staffordshire, but see the Swiss “flatschen,” “flatzgen.” Vocabularies in “The Scoundrel’s Dictionary” and “Life of James Hardy Vaux.”
Flat-bow.
A name for the Kútani tribes of N. American Indians. See Vocaby., “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii., p. 97.
Flat-head,seeSelish.
Flemish.
A dialect ofPlatt-DeutschorLow-German, spoken in Flanders and other provinces of Belgium; it is closely allied toDutch, and of cognate origin withAnglo-Saxon. See Van de Velde et Sleeckx: “Dict. Fr.-Flamand et Fl.-Fr.,” 2 vols., Bruxelles, 1848-51.
⁂ Classed asNetherlandish, and closely allied toHolland. Its chief variations consist in the introduction of French roots (Walloon or Welsh). It has an ancient and a modern literature.H. C.
Flores.
Sub-dialects ofMalay, vernacular in the I. of Flores or Mangeylo, and closely allied toBima. It is also calledEnde.
Flup,seeFelup.
Fobi.
African: dialect of the Soudan, lying N. of the Dagwamba.
Fokien.
A provincial dialect ofChinese.
Fonofo.
A sub-dialect ofPapuan.
Foo-Chow.
A local dialect ofChinese. Dict. by Maclay and Baldwin.
Formosan.
Dialect ofMalay, vernacular in Tae-wan or Taiouan, called Formosa, an island near the E. coast of China.
Fot.
African: dialect of the W. See Kilham’s “Specimens.”
Fotuna.
Polynesian: mixed dialect vernacular in the New Hebrides.W. G.
Fox-Indians.
American: name for the Kikkapu Indians.
Fox Is.,seeUnalaskhan.
Franche-comte.
ApatoisofFrench.“Essai” par de Brun et Petit-Benoist, Besançon, 1755.
Franconian.
Teutonic: a sub-dialect ofOld High-German.
Frangi.
Lesgian: sub-dialect ofKasi-Kamuk.
⁂ A Caucasian dialect along the R. Terek.W. S. W. V.
FrankorFrankisch.
Teutonic: a dialect ofGermanic, classed asMiddle-High-German, spoken by tribes of Franks who were the founders of the French Monarchy.SeeFrench.
French.
A language derived directly from the Latin, as adopted by the Romanised Celts of ancient Gaul, and subsequently intermingled with the Teutonic dialects of Frankish and other Allemanic invaders, whence the name. It is the vernacular tongue of the modern European state known as France, and one of the most polished languages of the Universe. Migne: “Dict. de Linguistique,” folios 1018-21, quotes eighty-seven specimens from sub-dialects, calledpatois. “Dict. de l’Académie,” 2 vols., Paris; Fleming and Tibbins: “Royal Dict.,” 2 vols., Paris, 1866-7; Littré: “Histoire, Etudes, Dictionnaire,” &c. ☞
French, Old.
A sub-dialect ofLangue d’oïl, formerly vernacular in the I. de France. See Orelli: “Altfranzösische Grammatik,” &c., Zürich, 1848. ☞
Fribourg.
Apatoisor sub-dialect of the French Rhenish provinces. Gaudy-Lefort: “Notice,” &c., in “Jnl. de Genève,” 1826.
Friendly Vill.
American: dialect ofBillechoola, Salmon R.
Frisco Bay.
African: aKruandGrebodialect of the W.
Frisian(Friesisch).
Teutonic: the ancient dialect of Friesland, on the German Ocean, now partly submerged, or annexed by Holland and Prussia; it belongs to theLow-Germanbranch, and is closely allied toAnglo-Saxon. It still survives as one of the local dialects of the Netherlands.
⁂ It is divided into three branches, viz.: 1,Batavian-Frisic, the most resembling Anglo-Saxon; 2,Westphalian-Frisic; 3,N. Frisic, the dialects of Heligoland, Schleswig, &c. See Richthofen: “Alt-F. Wörterbuch,” Göttingen, 1840: Rask: “Friesische Sprachlehre,” Freiburg, 1834. ☞
Fuca Strait.
American: dialect of the N.W. coast. See “Archæol. Am.,” vol. ii., p. 378.
⁂ Straits of S. Juan de Fuca, probablyOregones.W. S. W. V.
Fuegian.
Language of Tierra del Fuego, S. America.
⁂ Classed asPygmean; it has two dialects, theAlikulipandTekeenica.H. C.SeePescherai.
Fula,Fulah, orFulfelde.
African: the chief language on the W.; it is allied toMandingo. See Macbrair and Norris: “Grammar,” London, 1854; Clarke’s “Dialects,” p. 6.
⁂ This word is also glossed as “Fella”; it is probably a variant of the Greek word “πελλός,” “dark,” “swarthy,” “black.”SeePeul.
Fungi.
African: name for theShilluk.
Furian.
African: dialect ofDar-FoororDar-fur. See Rüppell’s “Reisen.”
⁂ Allied to theAkushof the Caucasus.H. C.
Futhorc.
Name for theRunicalphabets, taken from the first six letters, viz.: “Fe,” “Ur,” “Thurs,” “Os,” “Reid,” “Kaun.”