NaasorNoosdalum.
American: tribes of the W. coast, spoken about N.L. 53°.
Nabadache.
American: tribes of Caddos.
Nabathæan.
Semitic: a form ofSyriac; name for character of earlyBedaweeninscriptions.
Nachhereng.
Non-Aryan language of India, belonging to theKirantigroup, E. Nipal. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
Nadic,seeNatic.
Nadowessier.
American: tribes of Dacotah or Sioux.
Naga.
Indo-Chinese: aboriginal tribes of snake worshippers; same asKookie. The word “Naga” means “snake” or “serpent” in Sanskrit; compare the Latin “a-nguis.” Pánchála, the ancient dominion of the Nágás, is now Rohilcund; they were also in the Deccan. Mr. Hunter distinguishes the following dialects, viz.:Angami,Khari,Mithan,Namsang,Nowgong,Tablung,Tengsa. See Vocabys. in “Comp. Dicty.”
⁂ It is also used as a general term applied to mountaineers of the N.E. frontier of Bengal.W. E.
Nagailer.
American: tribe of Tacullies or Carriers; also called Chin-Indians.
Nagoe,Nagoo.
African: sub-dialect ofPapaa,i.e., Popo or Dahomey, spoken on the Slave-coast.
Nagranda.
American: tribes of Chorotegans in the plains of Leon. See Squier’s “Nicaragua,” New York, 1852.
Naguegtgaquehi.
American: tribes of Abipones.
Nahuatl.
American: primitive language of Anahuac, or Mexico, before the Aztec.SeeNiquiran.
Naikude.
Non-Aryanlanguage of Central India, allied toKolamiandGondi. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”H. C.SeeNaik.
Nakhchuo.
Native name for theChechorTschetsch, language of the Caucasus.H. C.
Naknanuk.
American: dialect ofBotocudo, spoken by mountaineers of Brasil. See Castelnau’s “Exped.,” vol. v., p. 249.
Nalu.
African: somewhat allied toFelup. Small Vocaby. in Latham’s “Elements,” p. 596.
Namaqua.
African:Hottentotof the W. coast. Grammar and Vocaby. by Tindall.
Namollo.
Tschuktshi:Eskimoof N.E. Asia.
Namsang,Namseng.
Indo-Chinese: dialect ofSingpho.SeeNaga.
Nancowry.
Malayan: dialect of the Nicobar Is.
Nandako.
American: tribes of Caddos.
Nankinese,seeKiang-Nan.
Nano.
African: classed by Bleek asBunda.
Nanticok.
American:Algonkinof the Susquehanna. “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii., p. 111.
Napoli,seeNeapolitan.
Narea.
Sub-Semitic: dialect ofAmharic.
Narragansetts.
American:Algonkinof the Massachusetts coast-line. “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii., p. 110. See also Vocaby. in Wood’s “New England’s Prospect,” &c., Boston, 1764; “A Key into the Language of America,” &c., by Roger Williams, Boston, 1810.
Narymshen.
Ugrian: tribe ofSamoyed.
Na-Squally,underS.
Nassau,seePoggy.
Natchez.
American: tribe of Creek Indians; it is spoken in Louisiana. “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii., p. 94.
⁂ It appears to be related to the language of Terra del Fuego.H. C.
Natic.
American: tribes of Massachusetts. “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. i., p. 288.
Navaho.
American:Athabascanof U. California and New Mexico, allied toChepewyanandApache. Schoolcraft’s “Ind. Tribes,” vol. iv., p. 416.
Navarrese.
A name forBasque. Prince Louis L. Bonaparte distinguishes four spoken dialects, viz.: N. and S.High-Navarrese, E. and W.Low-Navarrese.
Navigators,seeSamoan.
Nawer.
Gipseydialect of Egypt.
Ndob.
African: dialect of the Gaboon, allied toTumuandNfut.H. C.
Neapolitan.
Romance: thepatoisof Naples; a sub-dialect ofItalian. Vocaby. by Galiani, Naples, 1789.
Neger-Englische,seeCreolese.
Negrij-baru.
Malayan: sub-dialect ofMenadu.
Negritic,Negrito.
Class name for dialects ofPolynesian, spoken by dark-skinned races of the Indian Archipelago, applied primarily to New Guinea, Australia, &c.
⁂ The true Negritos are the black population of the Philippine Islands and the Malay peninsula, and, according to Mr. Wallace, “Malay Archipelago,” vol. ii., pp. 451-3, are quite distinct from the Papuans, as well as from the Malays, and rather of Asiatic than of Polynesian origin.P. J. V.SeePygmean.
Negro.
(1)African,seeNigritian.
(2)American,seeCreole.
Nehethowuck,Nenawehk.
American: tribes of Crees.
Nenetsch.
Ugrian: tribes of Samoyeds.
Nengone.
Papuan: dialect of the Loyalty Is., S. Pacific. Also calledMare.
Neo-Hellenic.
LaterGreek. See underRomaic.
Nepaulese,seeNipal.
Nepesang,seeNipissing.
Nertshinsk,Nerchinsk.
Moghol: dialect ofTungus, closely allied toYakutsk.
Nestorian.
Semitic: a name forEstrangelo, an ancient form ofSyriac.SeeSyro-Chaldee.
Netela.
American: dialect of New California, allied to theKij,Paduca,Uta, andComanche. See Buschmann: “Die Sprachen Netela,” Berlin, 1856.H. C.
Netherlandish.
Germanic: classed asLow-Dutch.SeeFlemish.
Neufchatel.
Romance:Frenchdialect of Switzerland. “Dialogue,” &c., Neufchatel, 1825.
Neu Hoch-Deutsch.
Teutonic: literaryHigh-German, dating from Luther.SeeMisnian.
Nevome.
American: same asPima.
New Caledonia,seeBaladea.
New England Indian.
American: dialects ofAlgonkin.
Newfoundland.
American: classed in E. branch ofAlgonkin. Dialects areBelhuck(extinct),Mikmak, andMillicite.
New Guinea.
Negriticof the Indian Archipelago. Native Christian teachers landed there in 1871.W. G.
⁂ I believe that Mr. Wallace is right in his distinction between Negritos and Papuans, and that the name of Negrito, given by the Spaniards to the black population of the Philippines, should not be applied to the inhabitants of New Guinea.P. J. V.SeePapuan.
New Hebrides.
(1)Negritic. The principal islands of this archipelago are Tana, Aneitum, Erromango, Mallicolo, and L’Espirito Santo; for the first four we have vocabularies and grammatical sketches, of which Tana and Mallicolo date from Cook’s voyage in 1772-5.
(2)Polynesian. In Futuma, Nina, and some parts of the Fate or Sandwich Is., the language is not Papuan but Polynesian, and allied to theRarotonganandSamoan. See Cook’s “Voyage to the S. Pole,” London, 1777.
New Holland,seeAustralian.
New Ireland.
Negrito: a dialect ofPolynesian. See Crawfurd’s Dissert., “Malay Grammar.”
New S. Wales.
Province of Australia. Specimens by Threlkeld, Sydney.
New Sweden,seeMyncquesar.
New Zealand,seeMaori.
Newari.
Language of the valley of Nipal; it is allied toPahri. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”A. C.
Nez-Percees.
American:Frenchname for the Sahaptin Indians.
Ngoala.
African: dialect of theGaboon.SeeAngola.
Ngodzen.
African: dialect ofBornui, allied toBode,Dodi,Houssa, and perhaps toPuelche.H. C.
Ngoko.
Javanese.A verbal form derived from “Ko,” the pronoun of the second person, by which common people are addressed. Hence the low or common Javanese is called “Basa-Ngoko.” The term “Ngoko” may be compared to the French “tutoyer,” or the German “duzen.” A few words peculiarly used in contemptuous language are designated by the name of “Ngoko andap,” “Low Ngoko.”P. J. V.
Ngoten.
African: dialect of theGaboon, allied toMelonandNhalemoe.H. C.
Nguru.
African: dialect ofBornui, allied toKanuriandMunio.H. C.
Nhalemoe.
African: dialect of theGaboon. It has the same affinities asNgoten.H. C.
Niam-Niam,seeSandeh.
Nias.
Malayan: the language of the I. of Nias on the W. coast of Sumatra. The dialects of the N. and S. parts of the island differ considerably, but both are akin to theBattalanguage of Sumatra.P. J. V.
Nibalu.
African: sub-dialect ofKouri; said to be spoken in the Chamba country.H. C.
Nicaraguan,seeNiquiran.
Nice,seeNissarda.
Nicobar.
Malayan: islands in the Bay of Bengal. Language of mixed character.H. C.
Niebelungen-Lied.
GreatGermanmythological poem, attributed to Herr von Ofterdingen; Eng. by Lettsom.
Nieder-Deutsch,seeDutch.
Nieder-Sachsisch,seeLow-Saxon.
Nieue,Niuen.
Polynesianof the Savage Islands, S. Pacific, 19° S.L., 169° W.L.; closely allied toTongan, and also toRarotongan.W. G. L.
Nigori.
Japanese: accent word.
Nigritian.
African: pureNegroof Negro-land; dialects of the Soudan, situated along the course of the R. Niger.
Nihaloitih.
American: Watlala tribe of Chinuks; also called Echeloots.SeeNihal.
Nij.
Caucasian: a sub-dialect of theUde.H. C.
Nilgherries,Nilgiri,seeTuda.
Ning-po.
ColloquialChinese.
Nipal.
Mixed forms of speech:Indo-Chinese,Indic,Sub-Dravidian; many aboriginal tribes of the Himalayas.Denwari,Newari,Khaspoora. They use the Devanagri character. Papers by Hodgson in “Jnl. As. Socy. of Bengal,” 1830.SeeParbuttia.
Nipissing.
American:Algonkinof Montreal, L. Canada.
Nippegon.
American: name for the Winnebagos.
Niquiran.
American:Nahuatldialect ofMexican, spoken in Nicaragua.SeeTlaskalteca.
Nishada.
Sanskritword for “outcast,” applied as a name for Dravidian, and to all aboriginal races.
⁂ It is the best and most comprehensive name, dating at least from as early as the fourth centuryB.C.W. S. W. V.SeePariah.
NishiorNiski(Neshki).
Semitic: modern alphabetic character; name applied to the “nice” or finished writing ofArabic; also adopted in writingTurkish,Urdu,Malay, &c.; used also in printedPersian.SeeTalik.
Nissarda.
Romance:Italiandialect of Nice. Grammar by Micen, Nizza, 1841 (Nice).
Nitendi,seeIndeni.
Niuen,underNieue.
Nizhni.
Moghol: closely allied toSelenga; also calledNizniah-Uda.
Nizza,seeNissarda.
Njenez,seeNenetsch.
Njoko,seeNgoko.
Nkele.
African: dialect of theGaboon.
Nogay.
Turkee: closely allied toBashkir.
Nogoten,seeNgoten.
Norfolk.
Provincial dialect of English, classed asE. Anglian. See “Promptorium Parvulorum,” Edit. Way (Camden Soc.); Forby’s Vocaby., London, 1830; Nall’s “Guide to Great Yarmouth,” London, 1866.W. W. S.
Norfolk-Sound.
American:Kolushof Sitka.
Norman.
Romance:patoisof France, sometimes calledNorman-French. Old Norman was a dialect of the Langue d’oïl. See Kelham’s Dictionary, London, 1779.
Norse,Norsk.
Same asIcelandicorScandinavian. See “Old nordisk Formlaere,” by Wimmer, Steen, 1870.
North American,underIndian.
Northumbrian.
Provincial dialect of England, to whichLowland Scottishis closely allied. Glossary in Ray’s Collection; Brockett’s “Glossary of North-Country Words,” London, 1846; also “Proceedings of Ethnol. Soc.,” vol. i., pp. 123-39.
⁂ The best examples of Old Northumbrian are exhibited in the glosses to the Latin Gospels in the celebrated Durham Book, and the Rushworth MSS.W. W. S.
Norton-Sound.
American: dialects ofEskimo.
Norwegian.
(1)Scandinavian: Old Norwegian is theNorseof Iceland; Modern Norwegian is a form ofDanish. Grammar by Foss, Christiania, 1858; Practical Introduction by Fraedersdorff, London, 1860.
⁂ Twenty sub-dialects are enumerated by Aasen: “Ordbog,” Christiania, 1850.
(2)Ugrian:seeQuanian.
Nosindambo.
Native appellation for the I. of Madagascar.
Notargekon.
Hebrewanagrams: superstition of Cabalistic Jews.
Nottoway.
American: S. dialect ofIroquois, spoken in N. Carolina, and closely allied toTuscarora. “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii., p. 115.
Noub,seeNubian.
Nova Scotia.
American: Mikmak dialect ofAlgonkin.
Nowgong.
Indo-Chinese: Singpo dialect ofAssam.SeeNaga.
Nsietshawus.
American: Upper Killamuks; dialect ofAtnaorSelish, spoken in the Oregon district. “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii., p. 120.SeeJagon.
Nso.
African: dialect of theGaboon.
Ntere.
African: dialect ofKaffir, allied toMbamba,Kanyika,Musentando, &c.H. C.
Nubian.
African of the Valley of the Nile, from the frontier of Egypt (i.e., the Tropic of Cancer) to the boundary of Abyssinia. Its three known dialects are (1) theKenuz, that of the most northern portion: theDodeka Skoinosof the classical geographers, the most northern division of the Roman province of Egypt—of this the word “Kenuz” is a corruption; (2) theNoub, or Nubian proper; (3) theDongolawyof Dongola on the south. The Arabic has greatly encroached upon the languages or dialects of this class.R. G. L.
Nufi.
African: dialects ofNigritian; also calledTappaorTapua.
⁂ The following vocabularies are Nufi:—Appa,Basa,Bujanne,Dsuku,Ebe,Egbira-Himi,Eregba,Esitako,Goali,Kakanda,Kupu,Musu,Nupayse,Opanda,Shabbie,Yala. See Clarke’s “Dialects,” p. 35.R. G. L.
Nukahiva.
Polynesianof the Marquesas Is.SeeMarquesan.
Numelaha.
Koriakname for the Kamtshatlans.
Numidian.
African: from “Numidæ,” a Latinized form of nomades; Greek “nomos,” “a pasture.” Known by inscriptions in the form of dedication stones from N. Africa, and consisting of picture-writing and variants of the earlySemiticalphabet.
Numismatic.
Many archaic forms of ancient alphabetic characters, known by inscriptions on coins. See Akerman’s “Numismatic Manual.”
Nurnberg,Nuremberg.
Teutonic: dialect ofHigh-German. Dicty. by Gerischer, Leipzig, 1835.
Nusdalum,underNaas.
Nut(Bazeegur).
Hindostani: dialects of Bazighurs in Bengal.SeeNat.
Nutka.
American: tribes of Van Couver’s Is. Same asWakashandYucuatl.
Nyamnyam.
African: spoken on the Nile about 5° N.L. Known only from a short vocabulary by Petherick.R. G. L.SeeSandeh.
Nyangeyarentshi,Nyegantshi.
African: both assigned by Barth to theHamarua.
Nyffe,seeNufi.
Nyombe.
African: dialect ofKaffir, allied toLubalo,Songo,Runda, &c.H. C.