Vaddah,seeVeddahs.
Vaidic,seeVedic.
Vaiqueno,Vaikeno.
Malayan: dialect of E. Timor. Vocaby. by Wallace.
Valaat.
Iranian: name for modernPersian; common dialects, vulgar speech.
Valais.
Romance: French canton of Switzerland.
Valdieri.
Romance: dialect ofFranco-Italian.
Valencian,Valentian.
Romance: belonging to the same division as theLimousin,i.e., theProvençal; a dialect ofSpanish. Dicty. by Lamarca, Valencia, 1842.
Valtelinese.
Romance: dialect ofItalian, closely allied toRhæto-Romanic.
Vancouver’s Island.
American: (1) TheCowichanmay be spoken by about 4,000 people. (2) TheQuakwolth, by about 2,000. (3) TheKoskeemoby only two or three hundred; while (4) theAhtis spoken in its different dialects in Vancouver’s Island and southwards along the shores of the mainland of Washington Territory to nearly the Columbia river by about 4,500 people; indeed the Chinook, spoken by the Chinooks who once thickly lined the lower shores of that river, is a dialect of theAht(see Irving’s “Astoria”). (5) The “Chinook Jargon,” a rough trading jargon, founded on theChinook, but mixed up with corruptedCanadian French,English, a fewSpanish, twoHawaian, and numerous words from other Indian languages, and universally understood by traders, travellers, and colonists of any “standing” in the region. (VideVocaby. by George Gibbs, published by the Smithsonian Institution.)R. B.
Vandal.
A form of the wordWend. “Histoire” by Marcus, Paris, 1836.
Van Diemen’s Land.
Tasmanian: dialects were, according to authorities, four, six, eight; or many more, according to Mr. G. Robinson, the Protector of Aborigines. Mr. Clarke, catechist on Flinders Island, recognised ten dialects in 1834 among the two hundred native exiles. ALingua Francawas of necessity made among them. Dr. Milligan prepared, from Messrs. Dove, Jorgenson, Geary, King, Labillardière, Peron, Robinson, Scott, Sterling, and Lhotzky, a vocabulary of 2,500 words, only one or two of which were true reduplicatives. According to Mr. Logan, the Tasmanian was an ancient form of the tongues once spoken in south-eastern Asia. The language was defective in abstract names.J. B.
Vanikoro.
Negrito: dialect ofPapuan, somewhat allied toTanema.
Vannetais,Vanneteuse.
Celtic: sub-dialect ofBas-Breton, spoken at Vannes. Dicty. by Armerie, Leyden, 1774: Grammar by Guillome, Vannes, 1836.
Varangian.
Put forWarangian, a form of the word Varini for the Warrings. See paper by Mr. Hyde Clarke in “Ethnol. Journal,” but compare the Slavonic word “warjazi,” allies. The Varangian guard at Constantinople was recruited from N. Europe.SeeFeringee.
Vaskish,seeBasque.
Vasse R.
District of S.W. Australia. Vocaby. by Captain Grey, 1841.
Vatialaiset.
Tschudic: a name for theVod.
Vaudois(Pays de Vaud).
Romance: vernacular language of the Waldenses, formed from the old Provençal, orLangue d’oc, still spoken in Switzerland. “Observations,” &c., by Develay, Lausanne, 1824.
Vayu.
Non-Aryan: a dialect of Nipal, somewhat allied toChepang. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
Vedas.
The sacred writings of the Brahmins, from the word “vid,”i.e., wit, knowledge.
Veddahs.
Cinghalese: low race of Ceylon.
Vedic.
The language of the Vedas; the oldest form ofSanskrit.
Vei,Vey.
African: dialect of theManaclass, vernacular at Great Cape Mount, W. Africa; using a native alphabetic character of recent origin, which is stated to be founded onArabic, called the Vey Phonetic (Forbes). Grammar by Kölle, London, 1853.
Velay.
Romance: dialect of Provençal. Vocaby. in “Mems. de la Société des Antiq.,” vol. ix.
Vendee.
Romance:patoisof France, largelyCeltic. Grammar in “Memm. de l’Acad. Celtique,” 1809.
Venedi,Vendes.
Germanname for Slavonians.SeeWendic.
Venetian.
Romance: dialect ofItalian. Dicty. by Boerio, Venice, 1829.
Venezuelan,seeWapisiana.
Verden,seeBremisch.
Verkhovi.
Ugrian:Samoieddialect of the River Obi.
Vernacular.
Literally “native”; the natural speech of a race or country.
Veronese.
Romance: dialect ofItalian. Vocaby. by Angeli, Verona, 1821.
Ves,seeVod.
Vesp,seeTschudic.
Vicenza.
Teutonic:High-Germanof Italy.
Victoria.
Australian: dialects of Port Phillip, once numerous, now nearly all lost. Some of them, says Mr. Parker, called after their negatives, as some in N.S. Wales from their affirmatives.J. B.
Viennaise,Viennese(Wien).
Teutonic:High-Germanof the Austrian Empire, as spoken at Vienna; the ancientVindobona.
Vikanera,seeBikanira.
Vikingar,Vikings.
So-called Sea-Kings, or “Creekers”; pirates of the Baltic.
Vilela.
American:Luledialect of the Gran Chaco and republic of Cordova.
Vincent (St.) Island.
(1) SeeW. Indies. (2) (Gulf of) NativeAustralian. Köler “Notice” by, Berlin, 1842.
Vingour,seeUngarn.
Virat,seeButtanir.
Virginian.
American: calledNew England Indian, and classed asMohegan.
Viti,seeFeejeean.
Vlack.
Crude form of the wordWallachian. ☞
Vod.
Tschudic: same as the Vadjalaine (sing.), or Vadjalaiset (in the plural), who speak a dialect of theFin, calledVes.
Vogul,Wogul.
Ugrian: a branch of theTschudicstem, representing the dialects ofFinspoken along the course of the River Volga. Klaproth distinguishes four dialects: (1) theTschussowaia; (2)Werchoturie; (3)Tscherdyn; (4)Beresov.SeeMordvinian.
Voightlandic.
Teutonic: dialect ofHigh-German.
Volga-Finnish.
Tchudic: same asMordvinian.
Volscian.
Extinct dialect of ancient Italy, closely allied toOscanandUmbrian. See Fabbretti’s Glossary, Turin, 1858.
Vosges,seeRennes.
Votiak,seeWotagian.
Vulgar-tongue.
A name once used for true idiomaticEnglish; the term “vulgar” is used for the language of the lower orders. See Dicty. by Grose, 1785, since reprinted (1868).SeeLingua Vulgaris.
Vuta-Huillighe.
American: Vuta or Huilliche. This latter word means “Men of the South,” and is an Araucanian name. Hence it applies to the tribes between Chili and Tierra del Fuego. The Chonos of the Island of Chiloe is decidedly Chileno. Elsewhere the division between their language and the Patagonian is not known in detail. Falkner’s “Description of Patagonia,” Hereford, 1774. Darwin in “Voyage of the Beagle.”R. G. L.