OBSERVATIONSONSelectPassagesofScripture.TURNED INTOCatechetical Questions.Begun,March 12, 1738.OBSERVATIONS on SelectPassagesofScripture.LUKE,ChapterXXIII.Ver.8.Q.WHY would notJesus ChristshewHeroda miracle?A.Because in all probability, it was only to satisfy his curiosity that he desired to see one.Q.What may we learn fromHerod’s never having seenChristbefore?A.ThatChristwas no friend to courts; that pomp and greatness keep thousands fromJesus Christ; and that we ought therefore rather to thankGodfor our being in a lower estate.12.Q.What may we learn from the friendship made betweenPilateandHerod, by the death ofChrist?A.That Jew and Gentile, byChrist’s death, were to be united together in one body:Herodbeing a Jew, andPontius Pilatea Gentile.18.Q.When do we as these Jews did?A.When we prefer our sins, (which are robbers, because they rob us ofGod’s favour) to our Saviour’s service.26.Q.What may we learn fromSimonthe Cyrenian’s bearing the cross?A.That they who would followChrist, must follow him by the way of the cross.31.Q.What is the meaning of this verse?A.A good man in scripture is compared to a green fruitful tree, (SeePsalm1st.) and wicked men to chaff, and are represented also by a barren fig-tree: the meaning of the verse therefore seems to be this: If they do this to me, who am a good man, how willGoddeal with that wicked people the Jews?32.Q.Why wasChristcrucified with the thieves?A.To fulfill this saying, “And he was numbered with the transgressors.”Isaiahliii.12.Q.Why between them?A.As though he was the unworthiest and basest of the three.34.Q.What may we learn from hence?A.To pray for our most bitter enemies.38.Q.Why was the superscription written inHebrew,Greek, andLatin?A.To shew thatJesus Christwas to be the Saviour of all nations, tribes, and languages.39.Q.What may we learn from the behaviour of the impenitent thief?A.That for the generality, those who live all their lives in sin, die hardened.40.Q.What may we learn from the behaviour of the penitent thief, andChrist’s behaviour towards him?A.That there is mercy for the worst of sinners, throughChristthe Saviour.Q.May wicked men draw any reasons from hence, to defer their repentance till a death-bed?A.No, by no means.Q.Why?A.Because probably this thief had never heard ofChristbefore.2dly, He might not have been so notorious a sinner as is imagined, though drawn in by surprize or temptation to commit the crime for which he suffered.3dly,Godconverted him, to honour his Son’s death, that he might in the very agonies thereof triumph over the devil.4thly, Because he gave uncommon instances of his faith: he callsChrist, “Lord,” when his own disciples had forsook him, when the High-priest, scribes, and rulers were deriding him, and his own divinity under an eclipse: none of which circumstances are applicable to a wilfully wicked man, that defers repentance till he comes to die.44.Q.What is the sixth hour?A.Twelve at noon.Q.What the9th?A.Three in the afternoon.45.Q.What was the vail of the temple?A.A curtain that parted the two places, where the Jews and Gentiles worshipped.Q.Why was it rent in twain?A.Because by the death ofChrist, the partition wall between Jew and Gentile was to be broken down.46.Q.Why didChristcry with a loud voice?A.To shew that he died full of vigour.Q.What may we learn from his callingGod, Father?A.That we are to acknowledgeGodto be our father, though under the severest dispensations of his providence.51.Q.What learn you from hence?A.That we must not follow a multitude to do evil.53.Q.Why was it remarked, thatChrist’s grave was hewn out of a rock?A.Because then it could not be said, that his disciples digged under, and stole it away.Q.Why that he was laid in a grave, where never man before was laid?A.Because then if any one’s body did rise, it must be that of theLord Jesus.56.Q.What may we learn from the last part of this verse?A.That even the most civil offices due to our nearest friends, ought not to hinder us, if possible, from keeping the sabbath-day holy.CHAPTERXXIV.1.Q.What may we learn from this first verse?A.That we should rise early in the morning on the Lord’s-day, and offer him the spices and odours of praise and thanksgiving.4.Q.What is meant by the two men?A.Two angels in the shape of men.7.Q.Why must the Son of Man be crucified?A.Because we had deserved to be accursed byGod; and crucifixion being an accursed death, (for it is written, “cursed is every one that hangeth upon a tree”) he became a curse for us.11.Q.What may we learn from the disciples not believing the women’s report?A.That we ought more firmly to believe the truth of our blessedLord’s resurrection, since his own disciples were the last who gave credit to it.14.Q.What may we learn from hence?A.That christians ought to talk of good things as they walk together.17.Q.What from hence?A.ThatJesus Christtakes notice of the conversation, and more especially of the griefs of his people.26.Q.Why mustChristrise again and enter into glory?A.To assure usGodwas satisfied for our sins; that he was no impostor or cheat; and to assure us of the resurrection of our bodies after death.Q.Why must he rise the third day?A.Because if he had continued longer, the body must have seen corruption; and then the prophecy would not have been fulfilled, which says, that “God’s Holy One was not to see corruption.” Nor would he have fulfilled the type ofJonah.28.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s first refusing to go in?A.That in small matters, though we may at first refuse a thing, yet we may afterwards, without forfeiting our words, comply therewith; it being supposed, that we promised on the supposition we had no better reason to the contrary.29.Q.What may we learn from hence?A.That we should, when evening comes on, constrainChristby our prayers, to tarry with and watch over us all night.30.Q.What may we learn from hence?A.That we should never presume to eat, without first asking a blessing.31.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s vanishing so soon out of their sight?A.That the spiritual visits ofJesus Christin this life, are but of a short continuance; which should set us upon preparing for that place, where we shall see and be with Him to all eternity, without interruption.36.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s saying to his disciples, “Peace be to you,” though they had all so lately forsook him?A.That we ought never to upbraid those who have offended us, when they give marks of repentance; and also, this should encourage sinners to hope for blessings fromJesus Christ, though they have sinned against him.45.Q.What may we learn from hence?A.That it is impossible to understand the scriptures, without the illumination of the Spirit ofJesus Christ: “For the natural man discerneth not the things of the Spirit.”Q.Ought we therefore to pray before we read the scriptures?A.Yes, by all means.49.Q.What is meant by the promise of the Father?A.The Holy Ghost, which was to come upon the Apostles at the feast of Pentecost.53.Q.What is meant by their being continually in the temple?A.That they were there at all hours of public prayer.Q.What should we learn from thence?A.That we ought to go and do likewise.JOHN,ChapterI.Q.Who was the author of this gospel?A.John, the disciple whomJesusloved.Q.Why did he write it?A.To confound the heresy ofEbionandCerinthus, who denied the divinity of our blessedLord: and therefore, through the whole gospel we find he takes all opportunities of proving, thatJesus Christwas veryGodof veryGod; another thing he had in view when he wrote it, was to supply what was wanting in the other Evangelists; therefore he chiefly relates to us those particulars which the other Evangelists had omitted.Q.What may we learn fromGod’s permitting some of the Evangelists to leave out what the others put in, and again some inserting what others have left out?A.ThatGodwould hereby oblige us to read all; and also to exercise our understanding, that by comparing spiritual things with spiritual, we might find out the truth.1.Q.Who is meant by the Word?A.Jesus Christ.Q.Is there any proof in this verse, thatJesus ChristisGod?A.Yes: “And the Word wasGod.”Q.Why was it necessary thatJesusour Saviour should beGod?A.Because it was impossible for any creature to satisfy for our sins.3.Q.Is here any proof of the Divinity ofChrist?A.Yes: because the work of creation is ascribed to him.4.Q.Is there any proof of it in this verse?A.Yes: “In him was life.” For whosoever has life in or of himself, must beGod.5.Q.Who is meant by the word “light.”A.Jesus Christ, who came to enlighten us, by revealingGod’s will to us.Q.What mean you by the word “darkness?”A.The dark minds of men.11.Q.What is meant by the word “own?”A.The Jews, who wereGod’s peculiar people.13.Q.Can you paraphrase this verse?A.Which were born not of blood,i. e.not by any natural generation; nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man,i. e.not by human adoption, but ofGod, or by the free grace and power ofGodonly.14.Q.What does the Evangelist allude to here?A.The tabernacle, with the shekinah, or glorious appearance that used to be in it; which were types ofJesus Christ: the former representing his humanity, the latter his divinity residing or abiding in it. It istherefore said in the margin of some bibles, “Tabernacled amongst us,” plainly alluding to the Jewish tabernacle in the wilderness.16.Q.What mean you by these words, “Grace for grace?”A.ThatChristcame to give us grace, that we might get more of it: or rather it should be rendered, “Graceupongrace.” ForJesus Christcame to purchase for us not only a sufficiency, but an abundance of grace.41.Q.What may we learn from hence?A.That when we are converted ourselves, we should endeavour to bring others, especially our own relations, to the knowledge ofJesus Christ.Q.What may we learn from these words, “We have found the Messiah?”A.That young converts are very apt to think they have apprehendedChrist, whereas they are rather apprehended by him.49.Q.What may we learn fromNathaniel’s behaviour, andChrist’s answer?A.That a child-like simplicity, is the best preparative for the reception of divine truth.51.Q.When was this fulfilled?A.Actsi.when his disciples saw him carried up into heaven; and it will be more fully accomplished, whenJesus Christshall come to judgment in the glory of his Father, with his holy angels, to be admired by his saints.CHAPTERII.2.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s being at the marriage in Cana?A.That it is an honourable state, otherwise he would not have been present at it.Q.What may we learn from these people’s callingChristto the marriage?A.That those who are about to enter on a marriage state, ought above all things, by prayer to inviteJesus Christ, it being for want of that we have so few happy matches.3.Q.What may we learn from the blessed Virgin’s acquaintingChristthat they wanted wine?A.That it is good, when we go to poor people’s houses, to see what they want; and if we cannot relieve them ourselves, to apply to others, especially toJesus Christ, to grant them what they want.4.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s answer to his mother?A.That in some measure she was to be blamed, for making so free with our Saviour; that our relations, even our parents, ought not to be regarded, when they would hinder us in religion; and that it can never be presumed, that the Virgin has such power over ourLord, as the Church ofRomesupposes, now he is in heaven, since he said to her upon this occasion, “Woman, what have I to do with thee,” when he was on earth.Q.May it not be supposed thatChristhad shewn some miracle before he entered on his public ministry?A.There is great reason to think he had, or otherwise it is hardly to be imagined, she should so readily apply to him to work a miracle on this occasion, or bid the servants to take such notice of his orders.Q.What is meant byChrist’s saying, “Mine hour is not yet come?”A.Mine hour for working this miracle is not yet come; the wine being not quite, though very near out, as the original word signifies: our extremity isChrist’s opportunity.5.Q.What may we learn from this verse?A.That what the Virgin said to these servants, we should think said to ourselves; and whatsoeverChristsaith unto us, we must do.6.Q.May there any thing be gathered from this verse, to confirm the truth of our Saviour’s miracle?A.Yes: the watering-pots being made use of by the Jews, to purify or wash themselves, as they came in and out, as the Papists now make use of their ridiculous holy-water; it was plain nothing but water used to be put in them, and being made of stone, supposing wine hadformerly been put in them, no tincture of it could remain to colour the water thatJesus Christcommanded to be put in; which could not be said, had they been made of wood.7.Q.Who were they thatJesusbid to fill the water pots?A.The servants of the house.Q.What may we learn from that?A.It confirms the miracle; since he did not employ his own disciples, but the servants of the house, who were entire strangers, therefore could not be supposed to join in a cheat.Q.What may we learn from the servants filling the vessels up to the brim?A.That therefore no wine could possibly be put in to colour the water, or mix with it.8.Q.What is meant by the governor of the feast?A.It alludes to a custom among the Jews, who at their entertainments used to chuse one particular person in the company, to preside over the rest for that time, in order to prevent disorder and excess.9.Q.Why is it remarked, that the Governor knew not from whence it was?A.Because then he could have no hand in it, therefore his testimony could be the more relied on.Q.What spiritual meaning is under this miracle?A.The wine represents the Spirit, whichJesus Christpours into the hearts of true believers; but though the comforts of the Holy Ghost, with which they are filled, are exceeding rich here, yet those in heaven will so far surpass them, that when we come there, we shall have reason to say with the Governor of the feast, “Jesus Christhas kept his good wine until now.”13.Q.Why is it so often remarked, thatJesuswent up toJerusalemto the passover?A.To teach us how careful he was to submit to every ordinance ofGod, and to set us an example to follow his steps. Never, therefore, if possible, be absent from the gospel passover, the sacrament or memorial of his own blessed body and blood.14.Q.How came there tradesmen to be in the temple?A.There was a command fromGod, that all the males should appear before him atJerusalemthree times in a year, (of which the feast of the passover was one) and that none was to appear before him empty. Now it being inconvenient to bring cattle,&c.so many miles as some of them were distant from the temple, these persons sat here with oxen,&c.to sell to those who came up toJerusalemto worship and offer sacrifice.Q.Was not this a plausible pretence?A.Yes; but our blessedLord’s resenting it in this manner, shews us how jealous he is of the honour of his house, and how he resents the least misbehaviour in the public service of the church.Q.Was it not a bold thing ofJesus Christto venture himself among such a company of persons?A.No doubt of it; and therefore some have thought, that this was the greatest miracleChristperformed; and by this ourLordwould shew those in power, that if they will be zealous in reforming abuses, and go out in the name and strength ofGod, they know not what great success they may meet with.16.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s saying to them that sold doves, “take these things hence?”A.That our zeal ought to be according to knowledge; that we should pray for that wisdom which dwells with prudence; and, more especially, be very cautious how we act in works of reformation; asChristhere did not loose the doves and let them fly about the temple (which would have occasioned a confusion) but ordered those that sold them, to take them thence.Q.When do we make the house ofGoda house of Merchandise?A.When we go on purpose to seem religious, in order to get business; and when we talk with others, or let our own thoughts run on worldly things at public worship.25.Q.What may we learn from the Evangelists saying, thatJesusknew what was in man?A.ThatJesus Christtherefore wasGod, it being impossible for any one butGodto know what is in man.CHAPTERIII.1.Q.What may we remark fromNicodemus’s coming toChrist?A.That it is a good thing to see rulers come toJesus Christ; and though not many mighty, not many noble are called, yet some are.2.Q.Why didNicodemuscome by night?A.For fear of man.Q.What may we learn hence?A.That when religion is out of fashion, there will be manyNicodemites.Q.Is not the fear of man common to all converts?A.Yes; but where the heart is upright towardsGod, it wears off daily.3.Q.What do you learn fromChrist’s answer?A.That it is not sufficient to have an historical faith ofChrist, without being born again from above.Q.What is it to be born again from above?A.It is to have a principle of new life implanted in our hearts by the holy Spirit, which life must be evidenced by a man’s bringing forth the fruits of the Spirit.Q.Why cannot a man see the kingdom ofGodunless he be born again?A.If by the kingdom ofGod, be understood to mean the kingdom of grace, then it is plain an unregenerate man cannot see it; or cannot understand its doctrines, because they are spiritually discerned. But if by the kingdom ofGod, be meant the kingdom of glory; then, unless a man be born again he cannot see it, because we being impure by nature, except we are renewed, we cannot dwell with a pure and holyGod.5.Q.Does not this verse urge the absolute necessity of water baptism?A.Yes, where it may be had; but howGodwill deal with persons unbaptized we cannot tell. What have we to do to judge those that are without?10.Q.What learn you from this verse?A.That it is a shame for ministers to pretend to teach others, who are not taught ofGodthemselves.13.Q.What learn you from these words, “The Son of man which is in heaven?”A.ThatJesus ChristisGod, since he declares he was then in heaven, though discoursing at that time withNicodemus, which could not be, unless he wasGod.CHAPTERIV.4.Q.Why mustChristneeds go throughSamaria?A.Because there was a woman to be converted there.Q.What learn you from thence?A.That whereGodhas got people to be called, he will find means to bring them to himself.6.Q.What may you observe fromChrist’s being weary?A.That he was truly man.7.Q.What learn you fromChrist’s saying “Give me to drink?”A.That our blessedLordunderwent much fatigue in going about to preach to sinners. And that we ought not to be ashamed to beg, when providence reduces us to an indigent life, or to pressing circumstances.9.Q.How can it be said that theJewshad no dealing with theSamaritans, when in the foregoing verse we are told, the disciples were gone to buy food?A.They might do some few good offices to, but had no general commerce with each other.10.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s introducing religious talk by asking for a little water?A.That we ought to spiritualize every thing we meet with, and take all proper opportunities to introduce religious conversation wherever we are.14.Q.What doesChristmean by “the water he should give?”A.The holy Spirit.Q.Why is the holy Spirit represented by water?A.Because, as water washes away the filth of the body, so the holy Spirit cleanses the pollution of the soul; and as water refreshes the thirsty, so do the comforts of the Holy Ghost refresh the spiritual man.Q.What may we learn from these words, “shall be in him a well,&c.?”A.That whereGodhas begun a good work, he will carry it on to the day of ourLord Jesus Christ.15.Q.What may you learn from this verse?A.That we should pray toChrist, as this woman did, and beg him to give us his holy Spirit, that we may not apply to outward things for comfort.20.Q.Why did the woman mention this toChrist?A.Because, there was a dispute between theSamaritansandJews, which was the proper place of worship,Jerusalemor mountGerizim. And from hence arose such an enmity between them, that they would have no dealings with one another.23.Q.What is the meaning of this verse?A.That nowJesus Christwas come,God’s worship could not be confined to any particular place, but persons might every where lift up holy hands toGod.24.Q.When may we be said to worshipGodin spirit and in truth?A.When we are inward with him in our worship, and not only honour him with our lips, but with our affections and lives.26.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s revealing himself so freely to the woman?A.That he will as freely and spiritually reveal himself to every believing heart.27.Q.What may we learn, from the disciples wondering that he talked with a woman?A.That men, especially ministers, ought not too freely to converse with persons of that sex.28.Q.What learn you from the woman leaving her water-pot to go into the city?A.That we should leave our worldly business, rather than neglect at proper times to attend on the means of grace.29.Q.Did not the woman tell an untruth here?A.No, forChristmight have told her all. However, asChristhad revealed to her the greatest secret of her life, she might easily infer that he could tell her every thing else.32.Q.What may we learn from this answer?A.That we ought, after the example of our master, to forego our ordinary meals sometimes for the sake of doing good. And we may also learn, that a true christian has meat to eat, spiritual comforts, which the world knows not of: a stranger intermeddleth not with his joys.34.Q.What learn we hence?A.That it ought to be our meat and drink, or as much pleasure and our constant business to do the will ofGod, as to supply our bodies with proper food.35.Q.What doesChristmean when he bids his disciples “to lift up their eyes?”A.In all probability, he pointed to theSamaritanswhom he saw crowding over the fields, coming to hear his doctrine.38.Q.What doesChristmean by this?A.That the prophets had prepared the way for his coming, by their prophecies, which made the disciples work far more easy.41.Q.What learn you from hence?A.That though there are many external proofs of the divinity ofChrist’s doctrine, yet his own words or his doctrine best explains itself: the divine image and superscription being written on every precept and line of it.47.Q.What learn we from the Nobleman’s coming toChristabout his sick son?A.That parents should apply toChristfor their sick children, and that afflictions should drive us toGod.48.Q.Wherein was this Nobleman to be blamed?A.In that he confinedChrist’s power to his bodily presence. Therefore to convince him of his frailty, and to strengthen his faith,Christcured his son at a distance.52.Q.What is meant by the seventh hour?A.One in the afternoon.53.Q.What learn we from this verse?A.That bodily distempers are all cured by the power ofChrist, and that those who are now recovered from sickness, are raised up as certainly though not so visibly by him, as was the Nobleman’s son.CHAPTERV.6.Q.What learn you fromChrist’s asking this question? “Wilt thou be made whole?”A.That he will know our wants from ourselves.8.Q.What learn you fromChrist’s bidding him to take up his bed and walk?A.That thoughChristis the first mover in recovering us from our natural and spiritual impotency, yet we must concur in the use of means.9.Q.What learn you fromChrist’s doing so many works on the Sabbath?A.That doing good, is a proper way of sanctifying the Sabbath.13.Q.What learn you byChrist’s conveying himself from the multitude?A.That we should do good, but endeavour at the same time to avoid the praise of man.14.Q.What learn you fromChrist’s finding the man that was healed, in the temple?A.That it is good to see people, after they are recovered from their sickness, going to the temple to return thanks untoGod.Q.What learn you from the latter part of this verse?A.That sickness is often sent as a punishment for sin. That if we do not mend whenGodchastises us withwhips, or light afflictions, we must expect to be chastised with scorpions, or greater trials.18.Q.What learn you from the latter part of this verse?A.That theJewsthought, though the Arians deny it, thatJesus Christbelieved and made himself to be veryGod.35.Q.What learn you hence?A.That people generally like a good minister for a little while, but afterwards familiarity breeds contempt.41.Q.What learn you hence, and in the44thverse?A.That we should seek that honour only which cometh fromGod, as also that it is impossible to be a christian, if we seek to please the world.CHAPTERVI.2.Q.What do you learn from hence?A.That it is too common, for people to follow a minister through curiosity, more than to be edified by his doctrine.5.Q.What learn you fromChristbeing solicitous for the feeding of his hearers bodies?A.That the body is to be taken care of, and thatChristis as careful for us now he is in heaven, as he was for the multitude when on earth. That ministers after his example, should do all the good they can to the bodies of men, to convince them they have a love for, and to open a way for giving good advice to, their souls.6.Q.What learn you from this verse?A.That the reason whyChristbrings us into straits, is to prove us, whether we will trust in him or not.9.Q.What gather you from the words ofPhilip, “What are these among so many?”A.That when we look only upon outward means, no wonder that our faith fail us.12.Q.What learn you fromChristbidding them “Gather up the fragments that remained?”A.That we ought to be frugal, though not coveteous; and that they will certainly have much to answer for, who waste their whole estates in gaming.14.Q.What learn you from the latter part of this verse?A.That the certainty and greatness of our Saviour’s miracles, is an undoubted proof that he was the true Messiah, sinceGodwould never so visibly set his seal to an impostor.15.Q.Why didChristdepart to a mountain?A.To teach christians, and particularly ministers, to fly worldly honours; and also to set us an example, that when we are beset with temptations of that kind, it is best to retire alone, to pray toGodto be delivered from the evil of it.26.Q.What learn you from whatChristhere said to the people?A.That he knows from what principles and motives we come to hear the word ofGod; therefore we ought to take heed how we hear.53.Q.Have the papists any grounds from hence for their doctrine of transubstantiation?A.No; forChristtells us in the63dverse, that the flesh profiteth nothing, and that his words are spirit and life;i. e.they are not to be understood in a carnal but spiritual sense; and frequently by interpreting them literally, men do greatly err.CHAPTERVII.1.Q.What learn you fromChrist’s walking no more inJudeawhen theJewssought to kill him?A.That it is our duty, not to expose ourselves to needless dangers; and when we are persecuted at one place, to flee to another, when the glory ofGodand the good of the church do not require our staying.7.Q.What learn you from hence?A.That ministers must expect to be accounted the enemies of mankind, if they are faithful to reprove them, and tell them the truth.12.Q.What learn you from the different opinions men had ofChrist?A.That every christian, especially every minister, must expect to be variously thought of, and sometimes to be accounted deceivers of the people.37.Q.Why didChristcry out thus on the last day of the feast?A.Because on that day, they used to go and draw water and bring it up to the temple, saying these words ofIsaiah. “And they shall draw water out of the wells of salvation.”Jesus Christseeing them therefore do this, took occasion to discourse of the holy Spirit under the similitude of water.39.Q.Why was not the Holy Ghost given, tillJesus Christwas glorified?A.Because till then he was himself on earth, and had not taken on him the kingly office, nor pleaded the merits of his death before his heavenly Father, by which he purchased that invaluable blessing for us.50.Q.What learn you from the boldness ofNicodemus, in owningChristbefore theJewishSanhedrim, though at first he came to him by night?A.That where there is true grace, the fear of man will wear off daily.CHAPTERVIII.11.Q.Why would notChristcondemn the woman caught in adultery?A.Not because he approved of her sin, but because it did not belong to him as a prophet, to be the judge of such matters.9.Q.What learn you from the persons being convicted from their own consciences, and going out one by one?A.That wicked men need no other accuser but their own consciences; and that it is absurd to condemn and be inveterate against another, for a crime we have been, or are guilty of ourselves.Q.Is it to be supposed that all this woman’s accusers had been guilty of adultery?A.Perhaps not in the very act, but guilty of heart-adultery, as our Saviour explained it in the5thofMatthew.6.Q.How did theJewsintend to ensnare our blessedLord, by bringing this woman before him?A.They wanted to impeach him, either as severe if he ordered her to be stoned, or as one that gave license to sin, if he forgave her.Q.What may we supposeChristwrote when he stooped down?A.It is presumption to give the least guess, sinceGodhas not thought proper to reveal it to us.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s stooping down, as though he heard them not?A.That we ought to be unwilling to hear, and not take pleasure in hearing of our neighbour’s faults.12.Q.How can it be said, thatJesusthen spake again unto them, when it is said before, that they went out one by one?A.Some have supposed, that the discourse which follows at this verse, was at another♦time; but if the wordthenshould confine it to the present time, it may be reconciled thus. We may suppose whereChristwas sitting, there was a vacant place to which the scribes and pharisees brought the woman, and in whichChristmight stand alone with her. Now these being convicted one by one, (for it seems plain thatChristspoke only tothemverse7th) they might go out; while such as were there before the scribes and pharisees came might remain; and to themChristproceeded with his discourse, and spake again on the point which he did, before he was interrupted.♦“ime” replaced with “time”31.Q.What learn you from our Saviour’s discourse with theJewswho believed on him?A.That young converts ought to be exhorted to continue in well doing; and that perseverance only can denominate us true disciples.39.Q.What learn you hence?A.That this is the language of all mere professors: they say, we haveChristfor our Saviour; but if they wereChrist’s disciples they would do the works ofChrist; for in vain we call him “Lord, Lord,” if we do not the things that he says.48.Q.What learn you from hence?A.That ifChristwho was innocence itself was called a devil, much more will the members of his houshold.56.Q.What learn you hence?A.That ifAbrahamrejoiced at a distance to seeChrist’s day, much more ought we to rejoice and give thanks, who enjoy it as present.57.Q.Does it appear from hence thatChristwas fifty years old?A.No, for it is plain he was not above thirty-four when he was crucified; but we must consider that people in such cases generally speak within compass; and besides, ourLordbeing a man of sorrows and acquainted with grief, he might look older by far than he really was.58.Q.What learn you from hence?A.ThatJesus ChristisGod, since he takes that title to himself, whichGodhimself made use of when He sentMosestoPharaoh,Exodusiii.CHAPTERIX.2.Q.What learn you from this question, put by our blessedLord’s Disciples to him?A.That they believed either the transmigration, or pre-existence of souls; for otherwise how could a man sin before he was born?3.Q.What learn you fromChrist’s answer?A.That all our infirmities and bodily afflictions, though we may not think so, are ordained byGodfor our good, and his glory.5.Q.Should every christian be able to say thus for himself?A.Yes, for we are commanded to let our light shine before men.6.Q.Why didChristput clay on the man’s eyes?A.To shew the vanity of a tradition of theJewishchurch, that it was unlawful to make clay on the Sabbath-day; as also to shew, thatGodsometimes works by the most unlikely means; and to represent the case of young converts, who before they come to feel the comforts of the Holy Ghost, by spiritual desertion and temptations have as it were their eyes put out.7.Q.Why didChristsend the man to wash himself?A.To make trial of his obedience; and farther to teach us, that if we will recover our spiritual sight, we must be workers together withGod, in the appointed means.9.Q.What learn we from the man’s saying, “I am he?”A.That we should not be ashamed to confess that we have been healed byJesus Christ.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s being kind to beggars?A.That we also ought to be kind to them.16.Q.What learn you from this first answer of the Pharisees?A.That ill-will speaks well of no man.17.Q.What learn you from the beggar’s answer?A.That we should not fear man, when called to testify ofJesus Christ.18.Q.What learn you from the Pharisees being willing to have so many evidences of this fact?A.That they were unwilling it should be true; but there being so many evidences of it, was a great proof of the truth of the miracle.22.Q.What learn you from this verse?A.That too many men dare not speak and practice what they know ofJesus Christand his ways, for fear of losing their reputation, or some other temporal advantage.24.Q.What learn you from these words, “giveGodthe praise?”A.ThatGodshould have all the glory of any mercies we receive; but here it was spoken hypocritically.31.Q.What learn you hence?A.A good lesson, and that we cannot expect to haveour prayer answered whilst we continue in sin; but if we serveGodto the best of our power, we may be sure we shall be regarded by him: for the effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man availeth much.34.Q.What learn you hence?A.That proud men cannot bear to be taught by any of their inferiors.35.Q.What learn you fromChrist’s seeking and finding this beggar when he was cast out?A.That when our father, mother, and the world forsaketh us, theLordwill take us up. And that the chief time forChristto reveal himself to us, is, when we are cast out by men.37.Q.What learn we fromChrist’s making this open discovery of himself?A.That he will most freely communicate himself to all those who are willing to receive him.38.Q.What learn you from hence?A.ThatJesus ChristisGod; for otherwise it is not to be imagined he would have suffered the man to worship him.41.Q.What learn you hence?A.That wilful ignorance is a damning sin.CHAPTERX.20.Q.What learn you from this verse?A.That if they called the Master of the house Beelzebub, much more will they those of his houshold.Christ’s children were always the world’s fools.22.Q.What learn you from hence?A.That asJesuswas present at the feast of dedication, which was purely of human institution,1 Maccabees,4thand9th, therefore we may conform to things indifferent in themselves, though only of human appointment.30.Q.Does not this verse proveChristto beGod?A.TheJewsthought so, by their immediately taking up stones to stone him.34.Q.How does our Saviour argue in this and the following verses?A.It is what logicians call an argumentad hominem, when you confute or confound a person from something which he himself says or grants. It is also an argument aminori ad majus, when you prove a greater thing from the less. The process of the argument runs thus: If you call magistrates, gods, to whom the word ofGodonly came, how much more ought you to own me to beGod, and not to be angry with me for calling myself so, or the Son ofGod, who shew by my works, that I dwell in my Father and my Father in me?CHAPTERXI.3.Q.What learn you hence?A.That it is not our piety will exempt us from sickness and other calamities of life, since he whomChristloved, was sick: That when any of our relations are sick, we should apply, as these sisters did, toJesus Christto heal them: That it is a peculiar encouragement to pray, when we know those for whom we pray, are beloved ofChrist: And that in all our addresses toGod, both for ourselves and others, we ought to mention rather his love to us, than ours to him, for we loveGodbecause he first loved us; and our love is so little, that it is not worth speaking of.6.Q.What learn you hence?A.ThatGod’s continuing his rod upon us, is no certain sign of his displeasure; nay that it is rather a token of his love, sinceChristknew thatLazaruswas sick, and yet abode two days before he went to his deliverance.7.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s going to Judea again?A.That though we have met with persecution in a place, yet whenGodcalls us thither again, we must answer, “Lo, we come;” for the way of duty is the way of safety.8.Q.Did not this argue a fear in the Disciples?A.Yes; and from hence we may learn that we ought to beware of our carnal relations, who will dissuade us from doing our duty, if difficulties attend it, as these Disciples didChrist.9, 10.Q.What is the meaning of these verses?A.The meaning of them seems to be this: There is a certain time appointed by my Father for me to do my work in, and in that time I shall be as safe from danger, as a man that walketh by day is from falling; but when that time is over, I shall be taken by them, as a man falls when he walks in the dark.11.Q.Was not Lazarus actually dead? why then doesChristsay, “he sleepeth?”A.Because death is but as a sleep to a good man; for, as sleep frees us from the labour of the day, so does death free good men from the troubles of life.Q.What learn you fromChrist’s callingLazarushis friend?A.That he loves us as dear as himself; for a friend is said to be as dear to a man as his own soul: “And thy friend which is as thy own soul.”16.Q.What learn you from this saying ofThomas?A.That in times of difficulty, it is the christians duty to encourage, exhort, and provoke one another to keep close toChrist.18.Q.How much are 15 furlongs?A.Two miles.19.Q.What learn you hence?A.That it is the duty of christians to visit their friends; particularly at the death of their relations, and to comfort them with the hopes of seeing them again raised in glory.20.Q.Why didMarysit still?A.Probably out of humility, thinking herself unworthy to go, tillChristcalled her.21.Q.DidMarthashew faith in saying thus?A.Yes; but she expressed a weakness in it, since she confinedChrist’s power to his bodily presence.22.Q.Does not this verse likewise prove the weakness of her faith?A.Yes; for she seems to look uponChristnot asGod, but as a Prophet only acting under him.24.Q.What learn you hence?A.That theJewsbelieved the doctrine of the resurrection, though that as well as other doctrines is brought to a fuller light by the gospel.25, 26.Q.What is the meaning of these two verses?A.They may be understood two ways: that though a person be dead in sin, yet he shall live a spiritual life, if he believes inChrist; and2dly, that a true believer, though worms destroy his body, shall yet in his flesh seeGod.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s asking Martha the question at the latter end of the26thverse?A.That it is good when we are reading the scripture doctrines, particularly the doctrines of the resurrection, and the new birth, to ask ourselves, whether we believe them or not.28.Q.DidChristcallMary?A.Not as we hear of, though he might and did probably; charity will incline us to think, she did not tell an untruth.29.Q.What learn you from hence?A.That this shewsMarysat still, only becauseChristdid not call her; and also, that we should imitate her behaviour; whenChristcalls us to repentance, we should arise quickly, and come unto him.32.Q.Was not here the like weakness inMary’s faith as in her sister’s?A.Yes, they both confined his power to his bodily presence.34.Q.Was it consistent withChrist’s innocent resignation to be troubled?A.Yes, as he was troubled; for it was a trouble that did not discompose him: some therefore have represented it by a glass of pure crystal water, which, though shaken,is not muddy. And in the margin it is said, “Christtroubled himself.”35.Q.Why didJesusweep?A.Probably, on seeing and considering what havoc sin had made, to show sympathy for the afflicted relations; but more particularly for the hardness of the people’s hearts, who he knew would not be converted, though he was about to shew them so great a miracle.36.Q.What learn you hence?A.That if theJewssaid, “Behold how he loved him,” when he shed only a few tears, well may we say, “Behold how he loved us,” when he shed his precious blood for us.37.Q.What learn you hence?A.That ill-will speaks well of nothing.39.Q.What learn you fromMartha’s saying, “Lord, by this time he stinketh?”A.That looking upon human improbabilities, is a great weakener of our faith; whenPeterbegan to fear, he began to sink.41.Q.Do we hear thatChristprayed audibly at this time?A.No; but he did it secretly, to teach us, that it is possible to pray though we do not speak. For the Spirit maketh intercession for us, with groanings that cannot be uttered.46.Q.What learn you hence?A.The folly of our modern unbelievers, who would desire a repetition of miracles, to convince them of the truth of the christian religion; whereas it is to be doubted, whether they would be convinced by them or not, since here were some who saw this great miracle of the resurrection ofLazarus, and would not believe. “If ye believe notMosesand the Prophets, neither will ye believe though one rose from the dead.”55.Q.What learn you hence?A.That before the christian passover, theLord’s supper, christians ought to study to prepare themselves by prayer and examination.CHAPTERXII.2.Q.What learn you fromMartha’s serving, thoughChristbefore this had condemned her too great solicitude?A.That religion does not call us from our common business, but teaches us to follow it, with a proper principle, obedience toGod; and that too not at the expence of the one thing needful.5.Q.What learn you hence?A.That all who speak well, are not saints, though it is best to judge charitably of all.8.Q.What learn you hence?A.That ifChristwas not to be with us always, then he is not bodily present at the mass, as theRomishchurch supposes.39.Q.Did the Prophets foretelling their hardness of heart, lay theJewsunder a necessity of not believing?A.No more than our knowing the sun will rise to-morrow, obliges the sun to rise. The Prophet foreknew by the Spirit ofGodthat it would be so, therefore foretold it.40.Q.DoesGodharden any one’s heart?A.Not till they have hardened their own hearts: thusPharaohfirst hardened his own heart, and then it is saidGodhardened it.42, 43.Q.What learn you hence?A.That a fear of contempt,&c.&c.keeps many well-disposed people from confessingChristbefore men; and that we can never be christians, till we are content only with that honour and praise which cometh fromGod.CHAPTERXIII.10.Q.What is the meaning of this verse?A.It seems to be this. He that is once really converted, needs not that justification and sanctification, which other sinners want; but yet should mourn over his daily sins, and daily seek to have them washed away by the blood ofChrist.14.Q.Ought we to make a rite of, and really wash one another’s feet?A.Some have thought so; but if we do what is meant by this condescension of our blessedLord, submit to the lowest offices for the benefit of one another, it seems to be sufficient.26.Q.What learn you fromChrist’s givingJudasa sop?A.That those are not always the greatest favourites of heaven, to whomGodgives outward blessings. And also, that after our Saviour’s sop, if we are not better we shall be the worse; if we do not improve our advantages and serve our Master, we shall betray him.27.Q.DidChrist’s saying untoJudas, “What thou doest do quickly,” lay him under an obligation to do it?A.By no means; the meaning of it is this, If thou art resolved to betray me, the sooner the better.34.Q.Why is the loving one another, a new commandment?A.Because it is to proceed from a new motive, and measure; evenChrist’s love towards us.38.Q.What learn you hence?A.That when we make any resolutions, they ought to be made in the name and strength ofGod; otherwise he must in pity let us fall, to convince us of our weakness.CHAPTERXIV.26.Q.What learn you hence?A.That it is one of the peculiar offices of the Holy Ghost, to bring to our remembrance whatChristhas told us. And this every sincere christian knows by experience.30.Q.What learn you hence?A.That the less corruption we have in our hearts, the less power will the devil have over us.CHAPTERXV.2.Q.What learn you hence?A.That every unprofitable servant, and all mere professing christians, will perish; and that those who are true christians must expect afflictions and trials to prepare them for greater services.9.Q.What learn you hence?A.That the world hates christians on account of their conformity toChrist; therefore if christians will be conformed toChrist, it is impossible for them to avoid contempt.22.Q.What is meant by that expression, “they had not had sin”?A.They would not have had so great sin; or no sin at all in comparison of what they will have now.
Begun,March 12, 1738.
OBSERVATIONS on SelectPassagesofScripture.
LUKE,ChapterXXIII.
Ver.8.Q.WHY would notJesus ChristshewHeroda miracle?A.Because in all probability, it was only to satisfy his curiosity that he desired to see one.Q.What may we learn fromHerod’s never having seenChristbefore?A.ThatChristwas no friend to courts; that pomp and greatness keep thousands fromJesus Christ; and that we ought therefore rather to thankGodfor our being in a lower estate.12.Q.What may we learn from the friendship made betweenPilateandHerod, by the death ofChrist?A.That Jew and Gentile, byChrist’s death, were to be united together in one body:Herodbeing a Jew, andPontius Pilatea Gentile.18.Q.When do we as these Jews did?A.When we prefer our sins, (which are robbers, because they rob us ofGod’s favour) to our Saviour’s service.26.Q.What may we learn fromSimonthe Cyrenian’s bearing the cross?A.That they who would followChrist, must follow him by the way of the cross.31.Q.What is the meaning of this verse?A.A good man in scripture is compared to a green fruitful tree, (SeePsalm1st.) and wicked men to chaff, and are represented also by a barren fig-tree: the meaning of the verse therefore seems to be this: If they do this to me, who am a good man, how willGoddeal with that wicked people the Jews?32.Q.Why wasChristcrucified with the thieves?A.To fulfill this saying, “And he was numbered with the transgressors.”Isaiahliii.12.Q.Why between them?A.As though he was the unworthiest and basest of the three.34.Q.What may we learn from hence?A.To pray for our most bitter enemies.38.Q.Why was the superscription written inHebrew,Greek, andLatin?A.To shew thatJesus Christwas to be the Saviour of all nations, tribes, and languages.39.Q.What may we learn from the behaviour of the impenitent thief?A.That for the generality, those who live all their lives in sin, die hardened.40.Q.What may we learn from the behaviour of the penitent thief, andChrist’s behaviour towards him?A.That there is mercy for the worst of sinners, throughChristthe Saviour.Q.May wicked men draw any reasons from hence, to defer their repentance till a death-bed?A.No, by no means.Q.Why?A.Because probably this thief had never heard ofChristbefore.2dly, He might not have been so notorious a sinner as is imagined, though drawn in by surprize or temptation to commit the crime for which he suffered.3dly,Godconverted him, to honour his Son’s death, that he might in the very agonies thereof triumph over the devil.4thly, Because he gave uncommon instances of his faith: he callsChrist, “Lord,” when his own disciples had forsook him, when the High-priest, scribes, and rulers were deriding him, and his own divinity under an eclipse: none of which circumstances are applicable to a wilfully wicked man, that defers repentance till he comes to die.44.Q.What is the sixth hour?A.Twelve at noon.Q.What the9th?A.Three in the afternoon.45.Q.What was the vail of the temple?A.A curtain that parted the two places, where the Jews and Gentiles worshipped.Q.Why was it rent in twain?A.Because by the death ofChrist, the partition wall between Jew and Gentile was to be broken down.46.Q.Why didChristcry with a loud voice?A.To shew that he died full of vigour.Q.What may we learn from his callingGod, Father?A.That we are to acknowledgeGodto be our father, though under the severest dispensations of his providence.51.Q.What learn you from hence?A.That we must not follow a multitude to do evil.53.Q.Why was it remarked, thatChrist’s grave was hewn out of a rock?A.Because then it could not be said, that his disciples digged under, and stole it away.Q.Why that he was laid in a grave, where never man before was laid?A.Because then if any one’s body did rise, it must be that of theLord Jesus.56.Q.What may we learn from the last part of this verse?A.That even the most civil offices due to our nearest friends, ought not to hinder us, if possible, from keeping the sabbath-day holy.
Ver.
8.Q.WHY would notJesus ChristshewHeroda miracle?
A.Because in all probability, it was only to satisfy his curiosity that he desired to see one.
Q.What may we learn fromHerod’s never having seenChristbefore?
A.ThatChristwas no friend to courts; that pomp and greatness keep thousands fromJesus Christ; and that we ought therefore rather to thankGodfor our being in a lower estate.
12.Q.What may we learn from the friendship made betweenPilateandHerod, by the death ofChrist?
A.That Jew and Gentile, byChrist’s death, were to be united together in one body:Herodbeing a Jew, andPontius Pilatea Gentile.
18.Q.When do we as these Jews did?
A.When we prefer our sins, (which are robbers, because they rob us ofGod’s favour) to our Saviour’s service.
26.Q.What may we learn fromSimonthe Cyrenian’s bearing the cross?
A.That they who would followChrist, must follow him by the way of the cross.
31.Q.What is the meaning of this verse?
A.A good man in scripture is compared to a green fruitful tree, (SeePsalm1st.) and wicked men to chaff, and are represented also by a barren fig-tree: the meaning of the verse therefore seems to be this: If they do this to me, who am a good man, how willGoddeal with that wicked people the Jews?
32.Q.Why wasChristcrucified with the thieves?
A.To fulfill this saying, “And he was numbered with the transgressors.”Isaiahliii.12.
Q.Why between them?
A.As though he was the unworthiest and basest of the three.
34.Q.What may we learn from hence?
A.To pray for our most bitter enemies.
38.Q.Why was the superscription written inHebrew,Greek, andLatin?
A.To shew thatJesus Christwas to be the Saviour of all nations, tribes, and languages.
39.Q.What may we learn from the behaviour of the impenitent thief?
A.That for the generality, those who live all their lives in sin, die hardened.
40.Q.What may we learn from the behaviour of the penitent thief, andChrist’s behaviour towards him?
A.That there is mercy for the worst of sinners, throughChristthe Saviour.
Q.May wicked men draw any reasons from hence, to defer their repentance till a death-bed?
A.No, by no means.
Q.Why?
A.Because probably this thief had never heard ofChristbefore.2dly, He might not have been so notorious a sinner as is imagined, though drawn in by surprize or temptation to commit the crime for which he suffered.3dly,Godconverted him, to honour his Son’s death, that he might in the very agonies thereof triumph over the devil.4thly, Because he gave uncommon instances of his faith: he callsChrist, “Lord,” when his own disciples had forsook him, when the High-priest, scribes, and rulers were deriding him, and his own divinity under an eclipse: none of which circumstances are applicable to a wilfully wicked man, that defers repentance till he comes to die.
44.Q.What is the sixth hour?
A.Twelve at noon.
Q.What the9th?
A.Three in the afternoon.
45.Q.What was the vail of the temple?
A.A curtain that parted the two places, where the Jews and Gentiles worshipped.
Q.Why was it rent in twain?
A.Because by the death ofChrist, the partition wall between Jew and Gentile was to be broken down.
46.Q.Why didChristcry with a loud voice?
A.To shew that he died full of vigour.
Q.What may we learn from his callingGod, Father?
A.That we are to acknowledgeGodto be our father, though under the severest dispensations of his providence.
51.Q.What learn you from hence?
A.That we must not follow a multitude to do evil.
53.Q.Why was it remarked, thatChrist’s grave was hewn out of a rock?
A.Because then it could not be said, that his disciples digged under, and stole it away.
Q.Why that he was laid in a grave, where never man before was laid?
A.Because then if any one’s body did rise, it must be that of theLord Jesus.
56.Q.What may we learn from the last part of this verse?
A.That even the most civil offices due to our nearest friends, ought not to hinder us, if possible, from keeping the sabbath-day holy.
CHAPTERXXIV.
1.Q.What may we learn from this first verse?A.That we should rise early in the morning on the Lord’s-day, and offer him the spices and odours of praise and thanksgiving.4.Q.What is meant by the two men?A.Two angels in the shape of men.7.Q.Why must the Son of Man be crucified?A.Because we had deserved to be accursed byGod; and crucifixion being an accursed death, (for it is written, “cursed is every one that hangeth upon a tree”) he became a curse for us.11.Q.What may we learn from the disciples not believing the women’s report?A.That we ought more firmly to believe the truth of our blessedLord’s resurrection, since his own disciples were the last who gave credit to it.14.Q.What may we learn from hence?A.That christians ought to talk of good things as they walk together.17.Q.What from hence?A.ThatJesus Christtakes notice of the conversation, and more especially of the griefs of his people.26.Q.Why mustChristrise again and enter into glory?A.To assure usGodwas satisfied for our sins; that he was no impostor or cheat; and to assure us of the resurrection of our bodies after death.Q.Why must he rise the third day?A.Because if he had continued longer, the body must have seen corruption; and then the prophecy would not have been fulfilled, which says, that “God’s Holy One was not to see corruption.” Nor would he have fulfilled the type ofJonah.28.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s first refusing to go in?A.That in small matters, though we may at first refuse a thing, yet we may afterwards, without forfeiting our words, comply therewith; it being supposed, that we promised on the supposition we had no better reason to the contrary.29.Q.What may we learn from hence?A.That we should, when evening comes on, constrainChristby our prayers, to tarry with and watch over us all night.30.Q.What may we learn from hence?A.That we should never presume to eat, without first asking a blessing.31.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s vanishing so soon out of their sight?A.That the spiritual visits ofJesus Christin this life, are but of a short continuance; which should set us upon preparing for that place, where we shall see and be with Him to all eternity, without interruption.36.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s saying to his disciples, “Peace be to you,” though they had all so lately forsook him?A.That we ought never to upbraid those who have offended us, when they give marks of repentance; and also, this should encourage sinners to hope for blessings fromJesus Christ, though they have sinned against him.45.Q.What may we learn from hence?A.That it is impossible to understand the scriptures, without the illumination of the Spirit ofJesus Christ: “For the natural man discerneth not the things of the Spirit.”Q.Ought we therefore to pray before we read the scriptures?A.Yes, by all means.49.Q.What is meant by the promise of the Father?A.The Holy Ghost, which was to come upon the Apostles at the feast of Pentecost.53.Q.What is meant by their being continually in the temple?A.That they were there at all hours of public prayer.Q.What should we learn from thence?A.That we ought to go and do likewise.
1.Q.What may we learn from this first verse?
A.That we should rise early in the morning on the Lord’s-day, and offer him the spices and odours of praise and thanksgiving.
4.Q.What is meant by the two men?
A.Two angels in the shape of men.
7.Q.Why must the Son of Man be crucified?
A.Because we had deserved to be accursed byGod; and crucifixion being an accursed death, (for it is written, “cursed is every one that hangeth upon a tree”) he became a curse for us.
11.Q.What may we learn from the disciples not believing the women’s report?
A.That we ought more firmly to believe the truth of our blessedLord’s resurrection, since his own disciples were the last who gave credit to it.
14.Q.What may we learn from hence?
A.That christians ought to talk of good things as they walk together.
17.Q.What from hence?
A.ThatJesus Christtakes notice of the conversation, and more especially of the griefs of his people.
26.Q.Why mustChristrise again and enter into glory?
A.To assure usGodwas satisfied for our sins; that he was no impostor or cheat; and to assure us of the resurrection of our bodies after death.
Q.Why must he rise the third day?
A.Because if he had continued longer, the body must have seen corruption; and then the prophecy would not have been fulfilled, which says, that “God’s Holy One was not to see corruption.” Nor would he have fulfilled the type ofJonah.
28.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s first refusing to go in?
A.That in small matters, though we may at first refuse a thing, yet we may afterwards, without forfeiting our words, comply therewith; it being supposed, that we promised on the supposition we had no better reason to the contrary.
29.Q.What may we learn from hence?
A.That we should, when evening comes on, constrainChristby our prayers, to tarry with and watch over us all night.
30.Q.What may we learn from hence?
A.That we should never presume to eat, without first asking a blessing.
31.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s vanishing so soon out of their sight?
A.That the spiritual visits ofJesus Christin this life, are but of a short continuance; which should set us upon preparing for that place, where we shall see and be with Him to all eternity, without interruption.
36.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s saying to his disciples, “Peace be to you,” though they had all so lately forsook him?
A.That we ought never to upbraid those who have offended us, when they give marks of repentance; and also, this should encourage sinners to hope for blessings fromJesus Christ, though they have sinned against him.
45.Q.What may we learn from hence?
A.That it is impossible to understand the scriptures, without the illumination of the Spirit ofJesus Christ: “For the natural man discerneth not the things of the Spirit.”
Q.Ought we therefore to pray before we read the scriptures?
A.Yes, by all means.
49.Q.What is meant by the promise of the Father?
A.The Holy Ghost, which was to come upon the Apostles at the feast of Pentecost.
53.Q.What is meant by their being continually in the temple?
A.That they were there at all hours of public prayer.
Q.What should we learn from thence?
A.That we ought to go and do likewise.
JOHN,ChapterI.
Q.Who was the author of this gospel?A.John, the disciple whomJesusloved.Q.Why did he write it?A.To confound the heresy ofEbionandCerinthus, who denied the divinity of our blessedLord: and therefore, through the whole gospel we find he takes all opportunities of proving, thatJesus Christwas veryGodof veryGod; another thing he had in view when he wrote it, was to supply what was wanting in the other Evangelists; therefore he chiefly relates to us those particulars which the other Evangelists had omitted.Q.What may we learn fromGod’s permitting some of the Evangelists to leave out what the others put in, and again some inserting what others have left out?A.ThatGodwould hereby oblige us to read all; and also to exercise our understanding, that by comparing spiritual things with spiritual, we might find out the truth.1.Q.Who is meant by the Word?A.Jesus Christ.Q.Is there any proof in this verse, thatJesus ChristisGod?A.Yes: “And the Word wasGod.”Q.Why was it necessary thatJesusour Saviour should beGod?A.Because it was impossible for any creature to satisfy for our sins.3.Q.Is here any proof of the Divinity ofChrist?A.Yes: because the work of creation is ascribed to him.4.Q.Is there any proof of it in this verse?A.Yes: “In him was life.” For whosoever has life in or of himself, must beGod.5.Q.Who is meant by the word “light.”A.Jesus Christ, who came to enlighten us, by revealingGod’s will to us.Q.What mean you by the word “darkness?”A.The dark minds of men.11.Q.What is meant by the word “own?”A.The Jews, who wereGod’s peculiar people.13.Q.Can you paraphrase this verse?A.Which were born not of blood,i. e.not by any natural generation; nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man,i. e.not by human adoption, but ofGod, or by the free grace and power ofGodonly.14.Q.What does the Evangelist allude to here?A.The tabernacle, with the shekinah, or glorious appearance that used to be in it; which were types ofJesus Christ: the former representing his humanity, the latter his divinity residing or abiding in it. It istherefore said in the margin of some bibles, “Tabernacled amongst us,” plainly alluding to the Jewish tabernacle in the wilderness.16.Q.What mean you by these words, “Grace for grace?”A.ThatChristcame to give us grace, that we might get more of it: or rather it should be rendered, “Graceupongrace.” ForJesus Christcame to purchase for us not only a sufficiency, but an abundance of grace.41.Q.What may we learn from hence?A.That when we are converted ourselves, we should endeavour to bring others, especially our own relations, to the knowledge ofJesus Christ.Q.What may we learn from these words, “We have found the Messiah?”A.That young converts are very apt to think they have apprehendedChrist, whereas they are rather apprehended by him.49.Q.What may we learn fromNathaniel’s behaviour, andChrist’s answer?A.That a child-like simplicity, is the best preparative for the reception of divine truth.51.Q.When was this fulfilled?A.Actsi.when his disciples saw him carried up into heaven; and it will be more fully accomplished, whenJesus Christshall come to judgment in the glory of his Father, with his holy angels, to be admired by his saints.
Q.Who was the author of this gospel?
A.John, the disciple whomJesusloved.
Q.Why did he write it?
A.To confound the heresy ofEbionandCerinthus, who denied the divinity of our blessedLord: and therefore, through the whole gospel we find he takes all opportunities of proving, thatJesus Christwas veryGodof veryGod; another thing he had in view when he wrote it, was to supply what was wanting in the other Evangelists; therefore he chiefly relates to us those particulars which the other Evangelists had omitted.
Q.What may we learn fromGod’s permitting some of the Evangelists to leave out what the others put in, and again some inserting what others have left out?
A.ThatGodwould hereby oblige us to read all; and also to exercise our understanding, that by comparing spiritual things with spiritual, we might find out the truth.
1.Q.Who is meant by the Word?
A.Jesus Christ.
Q.Is there any proof in this verse, thatJesus ChristisGod?
A.Yes: “And the Word wasGod.”
Q.Why was it necessary thatJesusour Saviour should beGod?
A.Because it was impossible for any creature to satisfy for our sins.
3.Q.Is here any proof of the Divinity ofChrist?
A.Yes: because the work of creation is ascribed to him.
4.Q.Is there any proof of it in this verse?
A.Yes: “In him was life.” For whosoever has life in or of himself, must beGod.
5.Q.Who is meant by the word “light.”
A.Jesus Christ, who came to enlighten us, by revealingGod’s will to us.
Q.What mean you by the word “darkness?”
A.The dark minds of men.
11.Q.What is meant by the word “own?”
A.The Jews, who wereGod’s peculiar people.
13.Q.Can you paraphrase this verse?
A.Which were born not of blood,i. e.not by any natural generation; nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man,i. e.not by human adoption, but ofGod, or by the free grace and power ofGodonly.
14.Q.What does the Evangelist allude to here?
A.The tabernacle, with the shekinah, or glorious appearance that used to be in it; which were types ofJesus Christ: the former representing his humanity, the latter his divinity residing or abiding in it. It istherefore said in the margin of some bibles, “Tabernacled amongst us,” plainly alluding to the Jewish tabernacle in the wilderness.
16.Q.What mean you by these words, “Grace for grace?”
A.ThatChristcame to give us grace, that we might get more of it: or rather it should be rendered, “Graceupongrace.” ForJesus Christcame to purchase for us not only a sufficiency, but an abundance of grace.
41.Q.What may we learn from hence?
A.That when we are converted ourselves, we should endeavour to bring others, especially our own relations, to the knowledge ofJesus Christ.
Q.What may we learn from these words, “We have found the Messiah?”
A.That young converts are very apt to think they have apprehendedChrist, whereas they are rather apprehended by him.
49.Q.What may we learn fromNathaniel’s behaviour, andChrist’s answer?
A.That a child-like simplicity, is the best preparative for the reception of divine truth.
51.Q.When was this fulfilled?
A.Actsi.when his disciples saw him carried up into heaven; and it will be more fully accomplished, whenJesus Christshall come to judgment in the glory of his Father, with his holy angels, to be admired by his saints.
CHAPTERII.
2.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s being at the marriage in Cana?A.That it is an honourable state, otherwise he would not have been present at it.Q.What may we learn from these people’s callingChristto the marriage?A.That those who are about to enter on a marriage state, ought above all things, by prayer to inviteJesus Christ, it being for want of that we have so few happy matches.3.Q.What may we learn from the blessed Virgin’s acquaintingChristthat they wanted wine?A.That it is good, when we go to poor people’s houses, to see what they want; and if we cannot relieve them ourselves, to apply to others, especially toJesus Christ, to grant them what they want.4.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s answer to his mother?A.That in some measure she was to be blamed, for making so free with our Saviour; that our relations, even our parents, ought not to be regarded, when they would hinder us in religion; and that it can never be presumed, that the Virgin has such power over ourLord, as the Church ofRomesupposes, now he is in heaven, since he said to her upon this occasion, “Woman, what have I to do with thee,” when he was on earth.Q.May it not be supposed thatChristhad shewn some miracle before he entered on his public ministry?A.There is great reason to think he had, or otherwise it is hardly to be imagined, she should so readily apply to him to work a miracle on this occasion, or bid the servants to take such notice of his orders.Q.What is meant byChrist’s saying, “Mine hour is not yet come?”A.Mine hour for working this miracle is not yet come; the wine being not quite, though very near out, as the original word signifies: our extremity isChrist’s opportunity.5.Q.What may we learn from this verse?A.That what the Virgin said to these servants, we should think said to ourselves; and whatsoeverChristsaith unto us, we must do.6.Q.May there any thing be gathered from this verse, to confirm the truth of our Saviour’s miracle?A.Yes: the watering-pots being made use of by the Jews, to purify or wash themselves, as they came in and out, as the Papists now make use of their ridiculous holy-water; it was plain nothing but water used to be put in them, and being made of stone, supposing wine hadformerly been put in them, no tincture of it could remain to colour the water thatJesus Christcommanded to be put in; which could not be said, had they been made of wood.7.Q.Who were they thatJesusbid to fill the water pots?A.The servants of the house.Q.What may we learn from that?A.It confirms the miracle; since he did not employ his own disciples, but the servants of the house, who were entire strangers, therefore could not be supposed to join in a cheat.Q.What may we learn from the servants filling the vessels up to the brim?A.That therefore no wine could possibly be put in to colour the water, or mix with it.8.Q.What is meant by the governor of the feast?A.It alludes to a custom among the Jews, who at their entertainments used to chuse one particular person in the company, to preside over the rest for that time, in order to prevent disorder and excess.9.Q.Why is it remarked, that the Governor knew not from whence it was?A.Because then he could have no hand in it, therefore his testimony could be the more relied on.Q.What spiritual meaning is under this miracle?A.The wine represents the Spirit, whichJesus Christpours into the hearts of true believers; but though the comforts of the Holy Ghost, with which they are filled, are exceeding rich here, yet those in heaven will so far surpass them, that when we come there, we shall have reason to say with the Governor of the feast, “Jesus Christhas kept his good wine until now.”13.Q.Why is it so often remarked, thatJesuswent up toJerusalemto the passover?A.To teach us how careful he was to submit to every ordinance ofGod, and to set us an example to follow his steps. Never, therefore, if possible, be absent from the gospel passover, the sacrament or memorial of his own blessed body and blood.14.Q.How came there tradesmen to be in the temple?A.There was a command fromGod, that all the males should appear before him atJerusalemthree times in a year, (of which the feast of the passover was one) and that none was to appear before him empty. Now it being inconvenient to bring cattle,&c.so many miles as some of them were distant from the temple, these persons sat here with oxen,&c.to sell to those who came up toJerusalemto worship and offer sacrifice.Q.Was not this a plausible pretence?A.Yes; but our blessedLord’s resenting it in this manner, shews us how jealous he is of the honour of his house, and how he resents the least misbehaviour in the public service of the church.Q.Was it not a bold thing ofJesus Christto venture himself among such a company of persons?A.No doubt of it; and therefore some have thought, that this was the greatest miracleChristperformed; and by this ourLordwould shew those in power, that if they will be zealous in reforming abuses, and go out in the name and strength ofGod, they know not what great success they may meet with.16.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s saying to them that sold doves, “take these things hence?”A.That our zeal ought to be according to knowledge; that we should pray for that wisdom which dwells with prudence; and, more especially, be very cautious how we act in works of reformation; asChristhere did not loose the doves and let them fly about the temple (which would have occasioned a confusion) but ordered those that sold them, to take them thence.Q.When do we make the house ofGoda house of Merchandise?A.When we go on purpose to seem religious, in order to get business; and when we talk with others, or let our own thoughts run on worldly things at public worship.25.Q.What may we learn from the Evangelists saying, thatJesusknew what was in man?A.ThatJesus Christtherefore wasGod, it being impossible for any one butGodto know what is in man.
2.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s being at the marriage in Cana?
A.That it is an honourable state, otherwise he would not have been present at it.
Q.What may we learn from these people’s callingChristto the marriage?
A.That those who are about to enter on a marriage state, ought above all things, by prayer to inviteJesus Christ, it being for want of that we have so few happy matches.
3.Q.What may we learn from the blessed Virgin’s acquaintingChristthat they wanted wine?
A.That it is good, when we go to poor people’s houses, to see what they want; and if we cannot relieve them ourselves, to apply to others, especially toJesus Christ, to grant them what they want.
4.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s answer to his mother?
A.That in some measure she was to be blamed, for making so free with our Saviour; that our relations, even our parents, ought not to be regarded, when they would hinder us in religion; and that it can never be presumed, that the Virgin has such power over ourLord, as the Church ofRomesupposes, now he is in heaven, since he said to her upon this occasion, “Woman, what have I to do with thee,” when he was on earth.
Q.May it not be supposed thatChristhad shewn some miracle before he entered on his public ministry?
A.There is great reason to think he had, or otherwise it is hardly to be imagined, she should so readily apply to him to work a miracle on this occasion, or bid the servants to take such notice of his orders.
Q.What is meant byChrist’s saying, “Mine hour is not yet come?”
A.Mine hour for working this miracle is not yet come; the wine being not quite, though very near out, as the original word signifies: our extremity isChrist’s opportunity.
5.Q.What may we learn from this verse?
A.That what the Virgin said to these servants, we should think said to ourselves; and whatsoeverChristsaith unto us, we must do.
6.Q.May there any thing be gathered from this verse, to confirm the truth of our Saviour’s miracle?
A.Yes: the watering-pots being made use of by the Jews, to purify or wash themselves, as they came in and out, as the Papists now make use of their ridiculous holy-water; it was plain nothing but water used to be put in them, and being made of stone, supposing wine hadformerly been put in them, no tincture of it could remain to colour the water thatJesus Christcommanded to be put in; which could not be said, had they been made of wood.
7.Q.Who were they thatJesusbid to fill the water pots?
A.The servants of the house.
Q.What may we learn from that?
A.It confirms the miracle; since he did not employ his own disciples, but the servants of the house, who were entire strangers, therefore could not be supposed to join in a cheat.
Q.What may we learn from the servants filling the vessels up to the brim?
A.That therefore no wine could possibly be put in to colour the water, or mix with it.
8.Q.What is meant by the governor of the feast?
A.It alludes to a custom among the Jews, who at their entertainments used to chuse one particular person in the company, to preside over the rest for that time, in order to prevent disorder and excess.
9.Q.Why is it remarked, that the Governor knew not from whence it was?
A.Because then he could have no hand in it, therefore his testimony could be the more relied on.
Q.What spiritual meaning is under this miracle?
A.The wine represents the Spirit, whichJesus Christpours into the hearts of true believers; but though the comforts of the Holy Ghost, with which they are filled, are exceeding rich here, yet those in heaven will so far surpass them, that when we come there, we shall have reason to say with the Governor of the feast, “Jesus Christhas kept his good wine until now.”
13.Q.Why is it so often remarked, thatJesuswent up toJerusalemto the passover?
A.To teach us how careful he was to submit to every ordinance ofGod, and to set us an example to follow his steps. Never, therefore, if possible, be absent from the gospel passover, the sacrament or memorial of his own blessed body and blood.
14.Q.How came there tradesmen to be in the temple?
A.There was a command fromGod, that all the males should appear before him atJerusalemthree times in a year, (of which the feast of the passover was one) and that none was to appear before him empty. Now it being inconvenient to bring cattle,&c.so many miles as some of them were distant from the temple, these persons sat here with oxen,&c.to sell to those who came up toJerusalemto worship and offer sacrifice.
Q.Was not this a plausible pretence?
A.Yes; but our blessedLord’s resenting it in this manner, shews us how jealous he is of the honour of his house, and how he resents the least misbehaviour in the public service of the church.
Q.Was it not a bold thing ofJesus Christto venture himself among such a company of persons?
A.No doubt of it; and therefore some have thought, that this was the greatest miracleChristperformed; and by this ourLordwould shew those in power, that if they will be zealous in reforming abuses, and go out in the name and strength ofGod, they know not what great success they may meet with.
16.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s saying to them that sold doves, “take these things hence?”
A.That our zeal ought to be according to knowledge; that we should pray for that wisdom which dwells with prudence; and, more especially, be very cautious how we act in works of reformation; asChristhere did not loose the doves and let them fly about the temple (which would have occasioned a confusion) but ordered those that sold them, to take them thence.
Q.When do we make the house ofGoda house of Merchandise?
A.When we go on purpose to seem religious, in order to get business; and when we talk with others, or let our own thoughts run on worldly things at public worship.
25.Q.What may we learn from the Evangelists saying, thatJesusknew what was in man?
A.ThatJesus Christtherefore wasGod, it being impossible for any one butGodto know what is in man.
CHAPTERIII.
1.Q.What may we remark fromNicodemus’s coming toChrist?A.That it is a good thing to see rulers come toJesus Christ; and though not many mighty, not many noble are called, yet some are.2.Q.Why didNicodemuscome by night?A.For fear of man.Q.What may we learn hence?A.That when religion is out of fashion, there will be manyNicodemites.Q.Is not the fear of man common to all converts?A.Yes; but where the heart is upright towardsGod, it wears off daily.3.Q.What do you learn fromChrist’s answer?A.That it is not sufficient to have an historical faith ofChrist, without being born again from above.Q.What is it to be born again from above?A.It is to have a principle of new life implanted in our hearts by the holy Spirit, which life must be evidenced by a man’s bringing forth the fruits of the Spirit.Q.Why cannot a man see the kingdom ofGodunless he be born again?A.If by the kingdom ofGod, be understood to mean the kingdom of grace, then it is plain an unregenerate man cannot see it; or cannot understand its doctrines, because they are spiritually discerned. But if by the kingdom ofGod, be meant the kingdom of glory; then, unless a man be born again he cannot see it, because we being impure by nature, except we are renewed, we cannot dwell with a pure and holyGod.5.Q.Does not this verse urge the absolute necessity of water baptism?A.Yes, where it may be had; but howGodwill deal with persons unbaptized we cannot tell. What have we to do to judge those that are without?10.Q.What learn you from this verse?A.That it is a shame for ministers to pretend to teach others, who are not taught ofGodthemselves.13.Q.What learn you from these words, “The Son of man which is in heaven?”A.ThatJesus ChristisGod, since he declares he was then in heaven, though discoursing at that time withNicodemus, which could not be, unless he wasGod.
1.Q.What may we remark fromNicodemus’s coming toChrist?
A.That it is a good thing to see rulers come toJesus Christ; and though not many mighty, not many noble are called, yet some are.
2.Q.Why didNicodemuscome by night?
A.For fear of man.
Q.What may we learn hence?
A.That when religion is out of fashion, there will be manyNicodemites.
Q.Is not the fear of man common to all converts?
A.Yes; but where the heart is upright towardsGod, it wears off daily.
3.Q.What do you learn fromChrist’s answer?
A.That it is not sufficient to have an historical faith ofChrist, without being born again from above.
Q.What is it to be born again from above?
A.It is to have a principle of new life implanted in our hearts by the holy Spirit, which life must be evidenced by a man’s bringing forth the fruits of the Spirit.
Q.Why cannot a man see the kingdom ofGodunless he be born again?
A.If by the kingdom ofGod, be understood to mean the kingdom of grace, then it is plain an unregenerate man cannot see it; or cannot understand its doctrines, because they are spiritually discerned. But if by the kingdom ofGod, be meant the kingdom of glory; then, unless a man be born again he cannot see it, because we being impure by nature, except we are renewed, we cannot dwell with a pure and holyGod.
5.Q.Does not this verse urge the absolute necessity of water baptism?
A.Yes, where it may be had; but howGodwill deal with persons unbaptized we cannot tell. What have we to do to judge those that are without?
10.Q.What learn you from this verse?
A.That it is a shame for ministers to pretend to teach others, who are not taught ofGodthemselves.
13.Q.What learn you from these words, “The Son of man which is in heaven?”
A.ThatJesus ChristisGod, since he declares he was then in heaven, though discoursing at that time withNicodemus, which could not be, unless he wasGod.
CHAPTERIV.
4.Q.Why mustChristneeds go throughSamaria?A.Because there was a woman to be converted there.Q.What learn you from thence?A.That whereGodhas got people to be called, he will find means to bring them to himself.6.Q.What may you observe fromChrist’s being weary?A.That he was truly man.7.Q.What learn you fromChrist’s saying “Give me to drink?”A.That our blessedLordunderwent much fatigue in going about to preach to sinners. And that we ought not to be ashamed to beg, when providence reduces us to an indigent life, or to pressing circumstances.9.Q.How can it be said that theJewshad no dealing with theSamaritans, when in the foregoing verse we are told, the disciples were gone to buy food?A.They might do some few good offices to, but had no general commerce with each other.10.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s introducing religious talk by asking for a little water?A.That we ought to spiritualize every thing we meet with, and take all proper opportunities to introduce religious conversation wherever we are.14.Q.What doesChristmean by “the water he should give?”A.The holy Spirit.Q.Why is the holy Spirit represented by water?A.Because, as water washes away the filth of the body, so the holy Spirit cleanses the pollution of the soul; and as water refreshes the thirsty, so do the comforts of the Holy Ghost refresh the spiritual man.Q.What may we learn from these words, “shall be in him a well,&c.?”A.That whereGodhas begun a good work, he will carry it on to the day of ourLord Jesus Christ.15.Q.What may you learn from this verse?A.That we should pray toChrist, as this woman did, and beg him to give us his holy Spirit, that we may not apply to outward things for comfort.20.Q.Why did the woman mention this toChrist?A.Because, there was a dispute between theSamaritansandJews, which was the proper place of worship,Jerusalemor mountGerizim. And from hence arose such an enmity between them, that they would have no dealings with one another.23.Q.What is the meaning of this verse?A.That nowJesus Christwas come,God’s worship could not be confined to any particular place, but persons might every where lift up holy hands toGod.24.Q.When may we be said to worshipGodin spirit and in truth?A.When we are inward with him in our worship, and not only honour him with our lips, but with our affections and lives.26.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s revealing himself so freely to the woman?A.That he will as freely and spiritually reveal himself to every believing heart.27.Q.What may we learn, from the disciples wondering that he talked with a woman?A.That men, especially ministers, ought not too freely to converse with persons of that sex.28.Q.What learn you from the woman leaving her water-pot to go into the city?A.That we should leave our worldly business, rather than neglect at proper times to attend on the means of grace.29.Q.Did not the woman tell an untruth here?A.No, forChristmight have told her all. However, asChristhad revealed to her the greatest secret of her life, she might easily infer that he could tell her every thing else.32.Q.What may we learn from this answer?A.That we ought, after the example of our master, to forego our ordinary meals sometimes for the sake of doing good. And we may also learn, that a true christian has meat to eat, spiritual comforts, which the world knows not of: a stranger intermeddleth not with his joys.34.Q.What learn we hence?A.That it ought to be our meat and drink, or as much pleasure and our constant business to do the will ofGod, as to supply our bodies with proper food.35.Q.What doesChristmean when he bids his disciples “to lift up their eyes?”A.In all probability, he pointed to theSamaritanswhom he saw crowding over the fields, coming to hear his doctrine.38.Q.What doesChristmean by this?A.That the prophets had prepared the way for his coming, by their prophecies, which made the disciples work far more easy.41.Q.What learn you from hence?A.That though there are many external proofs of the divinity ofChrist’s doctrine, yet his own words or his doctrine best explains itself: the divine image and superscription being written on every precept and line of it.47.Q.What learn we from the Nobleman’s coming toChristabout his sick son?A.That parents should apply toChristfor their sick children, and that afflictions should drive us toGod.48.Q.Wherein was this Nobleman to be blamed?A.In that he confinedChrist’s power to his bodily presence. Therefore to convince him of his frailty, and to strengthen his faith,Christcured his son at a distance.52.Q.What is meant by the seventh hour?A.One in the afternoon.53.Q.What learn we from this verse?A.That bodily distempers are all cured by the power ofChrist, and that those who are now recovered from sickness, are raised up as certainly though not so visibly by him, as was the Nobleman’s son.
4.Q.Why mustChristneeds go throughSamaria?
A.Because there was a woman to be converted there.
Q.What learn you from thence?
A.That whereGodhas got people to be called, he will find means to bring them to himself.
6.Q.What may you observe fromChrist’s being weary?
A.That he was truly man.
7.Q.What learn you fromChrist’s saying “Give me to drink?”
A.That our blessedLordunderwent much fatigue in going about to preach to sinners. And that we ought not to be ashamed to beg, when providence reduces us to an indigent life, or to pressing circumstances.
9.Q.How can it be said that theJewshad no dealing with theSamaritans, when in the foregoing verse we are told, the disciples were gone to buy food?
A.They might do some few good offices to, but had no general commerce with each other.
10.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s introducing religious talk by asking for a little water?
A.That we ought to spiritualize every thing we meet with, and take all proper opportunities to introduce religious conversation wherever we are.
14.Q.What doesChristmean by “the water he should give?”
A.The holy Spirit.
Q.Why is the holy Spirit represented by water?
A.Because, as water washes away the filth of the body, so the holy Spirit cleanses the pollution of the soul; and as water refreshes the thirsty, so do the comforts of the Holy Ghost refresh the spiritual man.
Q.What may we learn from these words, “shall be in him a well,&c.?”
A.That whereGodhas begun a good work, he will carry it on to the day of ourLord Jesus Christ.
15.Q.What may you learn from this verse?
A.That we should pray toChrist, as this woman did, and beg him to give us his holy Spirit, that we may not apply to outward things for comfort.
20.Q.Why did the woman mention this toChrist?
A.Because, there was a dispute between theSamaritansandJews, which was the proper place of worship,Jerusalemor mountGerizim. And from hence arose such an enmity between them, that they would have no dealings with one another.
23.Q.What is the meaning of this verse?
A.That nowJesus Christwas come,God’s worship could not be confined to any particular place, but persons might every where lift up holy hands toGod.
24.Q.When may we be said to worshipGodin spirit and in truth?
A.When we are inward with him in our worship, and not only honour him with our lips, but with our affections and lives.
26.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s revealing himself so freely to the woman?
A.That he will as freely and spiritually reveal himself to every believing heart.
27.Q.What may we learn, from the disciples wondering that he talked with a woman?
A.That men, especially ministers, ought not too freely to converse with persons of that sex.
28.Q.What learn you from the woman leaving her water-pot to go into the city?
A.That we should leave our worldly business, rather than neglect at proper times to attend on the means of grace.
29.Q.Did not the woman tell an untruth here?
A.No, forChristmight have told her all. However, asChristhad revealed to her the greatest secret of her life, she might easily infer that he could tell her every thing else.
32.Q.What may we learn from this answer?
A.That we ought, after the example of our master, to forego our ordinary meals sometimes for the sake of doing good. And we may also learn, that a true christian has meat to eat, spiritual comforts, which the world knows not of: a stranger intermeddleth not with his joys.
34.Q.What learn we hence?
A.That it ought to be our meat and drink, or as much pleasure and our constant business to do the will ofGod, as to supply our bodies with proper food.
35.Q.What doesChristmean when he bids his disciples “to lift up their eyes?”
A.In all probability, he pointed to theSamaritanswhom he saw crowding over the fields, coming to hear his doctrine.
38.Q.What doesChristmean by this?
A.That the prophets had prepared the way for his coming, by their prophecies, which made the disciples work far more easy.
41.Q.What learn you from hence?
A.That though there are many external proofs of the divinity ofChrist’s doctrine, yet his own words or his doctrine best explains itself: the divine image and superscription being written on every precept and line of it.
47.Q.What learn we from the Nobleman’s coming toChristabout his sick son?
A.That parents should apply toChristfor their sick children, and that afflictions should drive us toGod.
48.Q.Wherein was this Nobleman to be blamed?
A.In that he confinedChrist’s power to his bodily presence. Therefore to convince him of his frailty, and to strengthen his faith,Christcured his son at a distance.
52.Q.What is meant by the seventh hour?
A.One in the afternoon.
53.Q.What learn we from this verse?
A.That bodily distempers are all cured by the power ofChrist, and that those who are now recovered from sickness, are raised up as certainly though not so visibly by him, as was the Nobleman’s son.
CHAPTERV.
6.Q.What learn you fromChrist’s asking this question? “Wilt thou be made whole?”A.That he will know our wants from ourselves.8.Q.What learn you fromChrist’s bidding him to take up his bed and walk?A.That thoughChristis the first mover in recovering us from our natural and spiritual impotency, yet we must concur in the use of means.9.Q.What learn you fromChrist’s doing so many works on the Sabbath?A.That doing good, is a proper way of sanctifying the Sabbath.13.Q.What learn you byChrist’s conveying himself from the multitude?A.That we should do good, but endeavour at the same time to avoid the praise of man.14.Q.What learn you fromChrist’s finding the man that was healed, in the temple?A.That it is good to see people, after they are recovered from their sickness, going to the temple to return thanks untoGod.Q.What learn you from the latter part of this verse?A.That sickness is often sent as a punishment for sin. That if we do not mend whenGodchastises us withwhips, or light afflictions, we must expect to be chastised with scorpions, or greater trials.18.Q.What learn you from the latter part of this verse?A.That theJewsthought, though the Arians deny it, thatJesus Christbelieved and made himself to be veryGod.35.Q.What learn you hence?A.That people generally like a good minister for a little while, but afterwards familiarity breeds contempt.41.Q.What learn you hence, and in the44thverse?A.That we should seek that honour only which cometh fromGod, as also that it is impossible to be a christian, if we seek to please the world.
6.Q.What learn you fromChrist’s asking this question? “Wilt thou be made whole?”
A.That he will know our wants from ourselves.
8.Q.What learn you fromChrist’s bidding him to take up his bed and walk?
A.That thoughChristis the first mover in recovering us from our natural and spiritual impotency, yet we must concur in the use of means.
9.Q.What learn you fromChrist’s doing so many works on the Sabbath?
A.That doing good, is a proper way of sanctifying the Sabbath.
13.Q.What learn you byChrist’s conveying himself from the multitude?
A.That we should do good, but endeavour at the same time to avoid the praise of man.
14.Q.What learn you fromChrist’s finding the man that was healed, in the temple?
A.That it is good to see people, after they are recovered from their sickness, going to the temple to return thanks untoGod.
Q.What learn you from the latter part of this verse?
A.That sickness is often sent as a punishment for sin. That if we do not mend whenGodchastises us withwhips, or light afflictions, we must expect to be chastised with scorpions, or greater trials.
18.Q.What learn you from the latter part of this verse?
A.That theJewsthought, though the Arians deny it, thatJesus Christbelieved and made himself to be veryGod.
35.Q.What learn you hence?
A.That people generally like a good minister for a little while, but afterwards familiarity breeds contempt.
41.Q.What learn you hence, and in the44thverse?
A.That we should seek that honour only which cometh fromGod, as also that it is impossible to be a christian, if we seek to please the world.
CHAPTERVI.
2.Q.What do you learn from hence?A.That it is too common, for people to follow a minister through curiosity, more than to be edified by his doctrine.5.Q.What learn you fromChristbeing solicitous for the feeding of his hearers bodies?A.That the body is to be taken care of, and thatChristis as careful for us now he is in heaven, as he was for the multitude when on earth. That ministers after his example, should do all the good they can to the bodies of men, to convince them they have a love for, and to open a way for giving good advice to, their souls.6.Q.What learn you from this verse?A.That the reason whyChristbrings us into straits, is to prove us, whether we will trust in him or not.9.Q.What gather you from the words ofPhilip, “What are these among so many?”A.That when we look only upon outward means, no wonder that our faith fail us.12.Q.What learn you fromChristbidding them “Gather up the fragments that remained?”A.That we ought to be frugal, though not coveteous; and that they will certainly have much to answer for, who waste their whole estates in gaming.14.Q.What learn you from the latter part of this verse?A.That the certainty and greatness of our Saviour’s miracles, is an undoubted proof that he was the true Messiah, sinceGodwould never so visibly set his seal to an impostor.15.Q.Why didChristdepart to a mountain?A.To teach christians, and particularly ministers, to fly worldly honours; and also to set us an example, that when we are beset with temptations of that kind, it is best to retire alone, to pray toGodto be delivered from the evil of it.26.Q.What learn you from whatChristhere said to the people?A.That he knows from what principles and motives we come to hear the word ofGod; therefore we ought to take heed how we hear.53.Q.Have the papists any grounds from hence for their doctrine of transubstantiation?A.No; forChristtells us in the63dverse, that the flesh profiteth nothing, and that his words are spirit and life;i. e.they are not to be understood in a carnal but spiritual sense; and frequently by interpreting them literally, men do greatly err.
2.Q.What do you learn from hence?
A.That it is too common, for people to follow a minister through curiosity, more than to be edified by his doctrine.
5.Q.What learn you fromChristbeing solicitous for the feeding of his hearers bodies?
A.That the body is to be taken care of, and thatChristis as careful for us now he is in heaven, as he was for the multitude when on earth. That ministers after his example, should do all the good they can to the bodies of men, to convince them they have a love for, and to open a way for giving good advice to, their souls.
6.Q.What learn you from this verse?
A.That the reason whyChristbrings us into straits, is to prove us, whether we will trust in him or not.
9.Q.What gather you from the words ofPhilip, “What are these among so many?”
A.That when we look only upon outward means, no wonder that our faith fail us.
12.Q.What learn you fromChristbidding them “Gather up the fragments that remained?”
A.That we ought to be frugal, though not coveteous; and that they will certainly have much to answer for, who waste their whole estates in gaming.
14.Q.What learn you from the latter part of this verse?
A.That the certainty and greatness of our Saviour’s miracles, is an undoubted proof that he was the true Messiah, sinceGodwould never so visibly set his seal to an impostor.
15.Q.Why didChristdepart to a mountain?
A.To teach christians, and particularly ministers, to fly worldly honours; and also to set us an example, that when we are beset with temptations of that kind, it is best to retire alone, to pray toGodto be delivered from the evil of it.
26.Q.What learn you from whatChristhere said to the people?
A.That he knows from what principles and motives we come to hear the word ofGod; therefore we ought to take heed how we hear.
53.Q.Have the papists any grounds from hence for their doctrine of transubstantiation?
A.No; forChristtells us in the63dverse, that the flesh profiteth nothing, and that his words are spirit and life;i. e.they are not to be understood in a carnal but spiritual sense; and frequently by interpreting them literally, men do greatly err.
CHAPTERVII.
1.Q.What learn you fromChrist’s walking no more inJudeawhen theJewssought to kill him?A.That it is our duty, not to expose ourselves to needless dangers; and when we are persecuted at one place, to flee to another, when the glory ofGodand the good of the church do not require our staying.7.Q.What learn you from hence?A.That ministers must expect to be accounted the enemies of mankind, if they are faithful to reprove them, and tell them the truth.12.Q.What learn you from the different opinions men had ofChrist?A.That every christian, especially every minister, must expect to be variously thought of, and sometimes to be accounted deceivers of the people.37.Q.Why didChristcry out thus on the last day of the feast?A.Because on that day, they used to go and draw water and bring it up to the temple, saying these words ofIsaiah. “And they shall draw water out of the wells of salvation.”Jesus Christseeing them therefore do this, took occasion to discourse of the holy Spirit under the similitude of water.39.Q.Why was not the Holy Ghost given, tillJesus Christwas glorified?A.Because till then he was himself on earth, and had not taken on him the kingly office, nor pleaded the merits of his death before his heavenly Father, by which he purchased that invaluable blessing for us.50.Q.What learn you from the boldness ofNicodemus, in owningChristbefore theJewishSanhedrim, though at first he came to him by night?A.That where there is true grace, the fear of man will wear off daily.
1.Q.What learn you fromChrist’s walking no more inJudeawhen theJewssought to kill him?
A.That it is our duty, not to expose ourselves to needless dangers; and when we are persecuted at one place, to flee to another, when the glory ofGodand the good of the church do not require our staying.
7.Q.What learn you from hence?
A.That ministers must expect to be accounted the enemies of mankind, if they are faithful to reprove them, and tell them the truth.
12.Q.What learn you from the different opinions men had ofChrist?
A.That every christian, especially every minister, must expect to be variously thought of, and sometimes to be accounted deceivers of the people.
37.Q.Why didChristcry out thus on the last day of the feast?
A.Because on that day, they used to go and draw water and bring it up to the temple, saying these words ofIsaiah. “And they shall draw water out of the wells of salvation.”Jesus Christseeing them therefore do this, took occasion to discourse of the holy Spirit under the similitude of water.
39.Q.Why was not the Holy Ghost given, tillJesus Christwas glorified?
A.Because till then he was himself on earth, and had not taken on him the kingly office, nor pleaded the merits of his death before his heavenly Father, by which he purchased that invaluable blessing for us.
50.Q.What learn you from the boldness ofNicodemus, in owningChristbefore theJewishSanhedrim, though at first he came to him by night?
A.That where there is true grace, the fear of man will wear off daily.
CHAPTERVIII.
11.Q.Why would notChristcondemn the woman caught in adultery?A.Not because he approved of her sin, but because it did not belong to him as a prophet, to be the judge of such matters.9.Q.What learn you from the persons being convicted from their own consciences, and going out one by one?A.That wicked men need no other accuser but their own consciences; and that it is absurd to condemn and be inveterate against another, for a crime we have been, or are guilty of ourselves.Q.Is it to be supposed that all this woman’s accusers had been guilty of adultery?A.Perhaps not in the very act, but guilty of heart-adultery, as our Saviour explained it in the5thofMatthew.6.Q.How did theJewsintend to ensnare our blessedLord, by bringing this woman before him?A.They wanted to impeach him, either as severe if he ordered her to be stoned, or as one that gave license to sin, if he forgave her.Q.What may we supposeChristwrote when he stooped down?A.It is presumption to give the least guess, sinceGodhas not thought proper to reveal it to us.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s stooping down, as though he heard them not?A.That we ought to be unwilling to hear, and not take pleasure in hearing of our neighbour’s faults.12.Q.How can it be said, thatJesusthen spake again unto them, when it is said before, that they went out one by one?A.Some have supposed, that the discourse which follows at this verse, was at another♦time; but if the wordthenshould confine it to the present time, it may be reconciled thus. We may suppose whereChristwas sitting, there was a vacant place to which the scribes and pharisees brought the woman, and in whichChristmight stand alone with her. Now these being convicted one by one, (for it seems plain thatChristspoke only tothemverse7th) they might go out; while such as were there before the scribes and pharisees came might remain; and to themChristproceeded with his discourse, and spake again on the point which he did, before he was interrupted.♦“ime” replaced with “time”31.Q.What learn you from our Saviour’s discourse with theJewswho believed on him?A.That young converts ought to be exhorted to continue in well doing; and that perseverance only can denominate us true disciples.39.Q.What learn you hence?A.That this is the language of all mere professors: they say, we haveChristfor our Saviour; but if they wereChrist’s disciples they would do the works ofChrist; for in vain we call him “Lord, Lord,” if we do not the things that he says.48.Q.What learn you from hence?A.That ifChristwho was innocence itself was called a devil, much more will the members of his houshold.56.Q.What learn you hence?A.That ifAbrahamrejoiced at a distance to seeChrist’s day, much more ought we to rejoice and give thanks, who enjoy it as present.57.Q.Does it appear from hence thatChristwas fifty years old?A.No, for it is plain he was not above thirty-four when he was crucified; but we must consider that people in such cases generally speak within compass; and besides, ourLordbeing a man of sorrows and acquainted with grief, he might look older by far than he really was.58.Q.What learn you from hence?A.ThatJesus ChristisGod, since he takes that title to himself, whichGodhimself made use of when He sentMosestoPharaoh,Exodusiii.
11.Q.Why would notChristcondemn the woman caught in adultery?
A.Not because he approved of her sin, but because it did not belong to him as a prophet, to be the judge of such matters.
9.Q.What learn you from the persons being convicted from their own consciences, and going out one by one?
A.That wicked men need no other accuser but their own consciences; and that it is absurd to condemn and be inveterate against another, for a crime we have been, or are guilty of ourselves.
Q.Is it to be supposed that all this woman’s accusers had been guilty of adultery?
A.Perhaps not in the very act, but guilty of heart-adultery, as our Saviour explained it in the5thofMatthew.
6.Q.How did theJewsintend to ensnare our blessedLord, by bringing this woman before him?
A.They wanted to impeach him, either as severe if he ordered her to be stoned, or as one that gave license to sin, if he forgave her.
Q.What may we supposeChristwrote when he stooped down?
A.It is presumption to give the least guess, sinceGodhas not thought proper to reveal it to us.
Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s stooping down, as though he heard them not?
A.That we ought to be unwilling to hear, and not take pleasure in hearing of our neighbour’s faults.
12.Q.How can it be said, thatJesusthen spake again unto them, when it is said before, that they went out one by one?
A.Some have supposed, that the discourse which follows at this verse, was at another♦time; but if the wordthenshould confine it to the present time, it may be reconciled thus. We may suppose whereChristwas sitting, there was a vacant place to which the scribes and pharisees brought the woman, and in whichChristmight stand alone with her. Now these being convicted one by one, (for it seems plain thatChristspoke only tothemverse7th) they might go out; while such as were there before the scribes and pharisees came might remain; and to themChristproceeded with his discourse, and spake again on the point which he did, before he was interrupted.
♦“ime” replaced with “time”
♦“ime” replaced with “time”
♦“ime” replaced with “time”
31.Q.What learn you from our Saviour’s discourse with theJewswho believed on him?
A.That young converts ought to be exhorted to continue in well doing; and that perseverance only can denominate us true disciples.
39.Q.What learn you hence?
A.That this is the language of all mere professors: they say, we haveChristfor our Saviour; but if they wereChrist’s disciples they would do the works ofChrist; for in vain we call him “Lord, Lord,” if we do not the things that he says.
48.Q.What learn you from hence?
A.That ifChristwho was innocence itself was called a devil, much more will the members of his houshold.
56.Q.What learn you hence?
A.That ifAbrahamrejoiced at a distance to seeChrist’s day, much more ought we to rejoice and give thanks, who enjoy it as present.
57.Q.Does it appear from hence thatChristwas fifty years old?
A.No, for it is plain he was not above thirty-four when he was crucified; but we must consider that people in such cases generally speak within compass; and besides, ourLordbeing a man of sorrows and acquainted with grief, he might look older by far than he really was.
58.Q.What learn you from hence?
A.ThatJesus ChristisGod, since he takes that title to himself, whichGodhimself made use of when He sentMosestoPharaoh,Exodusiii.
CHAPTERIX.
2.Q.What learn you from this question, put by our blessedLord’s Disciples to him?A.That they believed either the transmigration, or pre-existence of souls; for otherwise how could a man sin before he was born?3.Q.What learn you fromChrist’s answer?A.That all our infirmities and bodily afflictions, though we may not think so, are ordained byGodfor our good, and his glory.5.Q.Should every christian be able to say thus for himself?A.Yes, for we are commanded to let our light shine before men.6.Q.Why didChristput clay on the man’s eyes?A.To shew the vanity of a tradition of theJewishchurch, that it was unlawful to make clay on the Sabbath-day; as also to shew, thatGodsometimes works by the most unlikely means; and to represent the case of young converts, who before they come to feel the comforts of the Holy Ghost, by spiritual desertion and temptations have as it were their eyes put out.7.Q.Why didChristsend the man to wash himself?A.To make trial of his obedience; and farther to teach us, that if we will recover our spiritual sight, we must be workers together withGod, in the appointed means.9.Q.What learn we from the man’s saying, “I am he?”A.That we should not be ashamed to confess that we have been healed byJesus Christ.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s being kind to beggars?A.That we also ought to be kind to them.16.Q.What learn you from this first answer of the Pharisees?A.That ill-will speaks well of no man.17.Q.What learn you from the beggar’s answer?A.That we should not fear man, when called to testify ofJesus Christ.18.Q.What learn you from the Pharisees being willing to have so many evidences of this fact?A.That they were unwilling it should be true; but there being so many evidences of it, was a great proof of the truth of the miracle.22.Q.What learn you from this verse?A.That too many men dare not speak and practice what they know ofJesus Christand his ways, for fear of losing their reputation, or some other temporal advantage.24.Q.What learn you from these words, “giveGodthe praise?”A.ThatGodshould have all the glory of any mercies we receive; but here it was spoken hypocritically.31.Q.What learn you hence?A.A good lesson, and that we cannot expect to haveour prayer answered whilst we continue in sin; but if we serveGodto the best of our power, we may be sure we shall be regarded by him: for the effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man availeth much.34.Q.What learn you hence?A.That proud men cannot bear to be taught by any of their inferiors.35.Q.What learn you fromChrist’s seeking and finding this beggar when he was cast out?A.That when our father, mother, and the world forsaketh us, theLordwill take us up. And that the chief time forChristto reveal himself to us, is, when we are cast out by men.37.Q.What learn we fromChrist’s making this open discovery of himself?A.That he will most freely communicate himself to all those who are willing to receive him.38.Q.What learn you from hence?A.ThatJesus ChristisGod; for otherwise it is not to be imagined he would have suffered the man to worship him.41.Q.What learn you hence?A.That wilful ignorance is a damning sin.
2.Q.What learn you from this question, put by our blessedLord’s Disciples to him?
A.That they believed either the transmigration, or pre-existence of souls; for otherwise how could a man sin before he was born?
3.Q.What learn you fromChrist’s answer?
A.That all our infirmities and bodily afflictions, though we may not think so, are ordained byGodfor our good, and his glory.
5.Q.Should every christian be able to say thus for himself?
A.Yes, for we are commanded to let our light shine before men.
6.Q.Why didChristput clay on the man’s eyes?
A.To shew the vanity of a tradition of theJewishchurch, that it was unlawful to make clay on the Sabbath-day; as also to shew, thatGodsometimes works by the most unlikely means; and to represent the case of young converts, who before they come to feel the comforts of the Holy Ghost, by spiritual desertion and temptations have as it were their eyes put out.
7.Q.Why didChristsend the man to wash himself?
A.To make trial of his obedience; and farther to teach us, that if we will recover our spiritual sight, we must be workers together withGod, in the appointed means.
9.Q.What learn we from the man’s saying, “I am he?”
A.That we should not be ashamed to confess that we have been healed byJesus Christ.
Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s being kind to beggars?
A.That we also ought to be kind to them.
16.Q.What learn you from this first answer of the Pharisees?
A.That ill-will speaks well of no man.
17.Q.What learn you from the beggar’s answer?
A.That we should not fear man, when called to testify ofJesus Christ.
18.Q.What learn you from the Pharisees being willing to have so many evidences of this fact?
A.That they were unwilling it should be true; but there being so many evidences of it, was a great proof of the truth of the miracle.
22.Q.What learn you from this verse?
A.That too many men dare not speak and practice what they know ofJesus Christand his ways, for fear of losing their reputation, or some other temporal advantage.
24.Q.What learn you from these words, “giveGodthe praise?”
A.ThatGodshould have all the glory of any mercies we receive; but here it was spoken hypocritically.
31.Q.What learn you hence?
A.A good lesson, and that we cannot expect to haveour prayer answered whilst we continue in sin; but if we serveGodto the best of our power, we may be sure we shall be regarded by him: for the effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man availeth much.
34.Q.What learn you hence?
A.That proud men cannot bear to be taught by any of their inferiors.
35.Q.What learn you fromChrist’s seeking and finding this beggar when he was cast out?
A.That when our father, mother, and the world forsaketh us, theLordwill take us up. And that the chief time forChristto reveal himself to us, is, when we are cast out by men.
37.Q.What learn we fromChrist’s making this open discovery of himself?
A.That he will most freely communicate himself to all those who are willing to receive him.
38.Q.What learn you from hence?
A.ThatJesus ChristisGod; for otherwise it is not to be imagined he would have suffered the man to worship him.
41.Q.What learn you hence?
A.That wilful ignorance is a damning sin.
CHAPTERX.
20.Q.What learn you from this verse?A.That if they called the Master of the house Beelzebub, much more will they those of his houshold.Christ’s children were always the world’s fools.22.Q.What learn you from hence?A.That asJesuswas present at the feast of dedication, which was purely of human institution,1 Maccabees,4thand9th, therefore we may conform to things indifferent in themselves, though only of human appointment.30.Q.Does not this verse proveChristto beGod?A.TheJewsthought so, by their immediately taking up stones to stone him.34.Q.How does our Saviour argue in this and the following verses?A.It is what logicians call an argumentad hominem, when you confute or confound a person from something which he himself says or grants. It is also an argument aminori ad majus, when you prove a greater thing from the less. The process of the argument runs thus: If you call magistrates, gods, to whom the word ofGodonly came, how much more ought you to own me to beGod, and not to be angry with me for calling myself so, or the Son ofGod, who shew by my works, that I dwell in my Father and my Father in me?
20.Q.What learn you from this verse?
A.That if they called the Master of the house Beelzebub, much more will they those of his houshold.Christ’s children were always the world’s fools.
22.Q.What learn you from hence?
A.That asJesuswas present at the feast of dedication, which was purely of human institution,1 Maccabees,4thand9th, therefore we may conform to things indifferent in themselves, though only of human appointment.
30.Q.Does not this verse proveChristto beGod?
A.TheJewsthought so, by their immediately taking up stones to stone him.
34.Q.How does our Saviour argue in this and the following verses?
A.It is what logicians call an argumentad hominem, when you confute or confound a person from something which he himself says or grants. It is also an argument aminori ad majus, when you prove a greater thing from the less. The process of the argument runs thus: If you call magistrates, gods, to whom the word ofGodonly came, how much more ought you to own me to beGod, and not to be angry with me for calling myself so, or the Son ofGod, who shew by my works, that I dwell in my Father and my Father in me?
CHAPTERXI.
3.Q.What learn you hence?A.That it is not our piety will exempt us from sickness and other calamities of life, since he whomChristloved, was sick: That when any of our relations are sick, we should apply, as these sisters did, toJesus Christto heal them: That it is a peculiar encouragement to pray, when we know those for whom we pray, are beloved ofChrist: And that in all our addresses toGod, both for ourselves and others, we ought to mention rather his love to us, than ours to him, for we loveGodbecause he first loved us; and our love is so little, that it is not worth speaking of.6.Q.What learn you hence?A.ThatGod’s continuing his rod upon us, is no certain sign of his displeasure; nay that it is rather a token of his love, sinceChristknew thatLazaruswas sick, and yet abode two days before he went to his deliverance.7.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s going to Judea again?A.That though we have met with persecution in a place, yet whenGodcalls us thither again, we must answer, “Lo, we come;” for the way of duty is the way of safety.8.Q.Did not this argue a fear in the Disciples?A.Yes; and from hence we may learn that we ought to beware of our carnal relations, who will dissuade us from doing our duty, if difficulties attend it, as these Disciples didChrist.9, 10.Q.What is the meaning of these verses?A.The meaning of them seems to be this: There is a certain time appointed by my Father for me to do my work in, and in that time I shall be as safe from danger, as a man that walketh by day is from falling; but when that time is over, I shall be taken by them, as a man falls when he walks in the dark.11.Q.Was not Lazarus actually dead? why then doesChristsay, “he sleepeth?”A.Because death is but as a sleep to a good man; for, as sleep frees us from the labour of the day, so does death free good men from the troubles of life.Q.What learn you fromChrist’s callingLazarushis friend?A.That he loves us as dear as himself; for a friend is said to be as dear to a man as his own soul: “And thy friend which is as thy own soul.”16.Q.What learn you from this saying ofThomas?A.That in times of difficulty, it is the christians duty to encourage, exhort, and provoke one another to keep close toChrist.18.Q.How much are 15 furlongs?A.Two miles.19.Q.What learn you hence?A.That it is the duty of christians to visit their friends; particularly at the death of their relations, and to comfort them with the hopes of seeing them again raised in glory.20.Q.Why didMarysit still?A.Probably out of humility, thinking herself unworthy to go, tillChristcalled her.21.Q.DidMarthashew faith in saying thus?A.Yes; but she expressed a weakness in it, since she confinedChrist’s power to his bodily presence.22.Q.Does not this verse likewise prove the weakness of her faith?A.Yes; for she seems to look uponChristnot asGod, but as a Prophet only acting under him.24.Q.What learn you hence?A.That theJewsbelieved the doctrine of the resurrection, though that as well as other doctrines is brought to a fuller light by the gospel.25, 26.Q.What is the meaning of these two verses?A.They may be understood two ways: that though a person be dead in sin, yet he shall live a spiritual life, if he believes inChrist; and2dly, that a true believer, though worms destroy his body, shall yet in his flesh seeGod.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s asking Martha the question at the latter end of the26thverse?A.That it is good when we are reading the scripture doctrines, particularly the doctrines of the resurrection, and the new birth, to ask ourselves, whether we believe them or not.28.Q.DidChristcallMary?A.Not as we hear of, though he might and did probably; charity will incline us to think, she did not tell an untruth.29.Q.What learn you from hence?A.That this shewsMarysat still, only becauseChristdid not call her; and also, that we should imitate her behaviour; whenChristcalls us to repentance, we should arise quickly, and come unto him.32.Q.Was not here the like weakness inMary’s faith as in her sister’s?A.Yes, they both confined his power to his bodily presence.34.Q.Was it consistent withChrist’s innocent resignation to be troubled?A.Yes, as he was troubled; for it was a trouble that did not discompose him: some therefore have represented it by a glass of pure crystal water, which, though shaken,is not muddy. And in the margin it is said, “Christtroubled himself.”35.Q.Why didJesusweep?A.Probably, on seeing and considering what havoc sin had made, to show sympathy for the afflicted relations; but more particularly for the hardness of the people’s hearts, who he knew would not be converted, though he was about to shew them so great a miracle.36.Q.What learn you hence?A.That if theJewssaid, “Behold how he loved him,” when he shed only a few tears, well may we say, “Behold how he loved us,” when he shed his precious blood for us.37.Q.What learn you hence?A.That ill-will speaks well of nothing.39.Q.What learn you fromMartha’s saying, “Lord, by this time he stinketh?”A.That looking upon human improbabilities, is a great weakener of our faith; whenPeterbegan to fear, he began to sink.41.Q.Do we hear thatChristprayed audibly at this time?A.No; but he did it secretly, to teach us, that it is possible to pray though we do not speak. For the Spirit maketh intercession for us, with groanings that cannot be uttered.46.Q.What learn you hence?A.The folly of our modern unbelievers, who would desire a repetition of miracles, to convince them of the truth of the christian religion; whereas it is to be doubted, whether they would be convinced by them or not, since here were some who saw this great miracle of the resurrection ofLazarus, and would not believe. “If ye believe notMosesand the Prophets, neither will ye believe though one rose from the dead.”55.Q.What learn you hence?A.That before the christian passover, theLord’s supper, christians ought to study to prepare themselves by prayer and examination.
3.Q.What learn you hence?
A.That it is not our piety will exempt us from sickness and other calamities of life, since he whomChristloved, was sick: That when any of our relations are sick, we should apply, as these sisters did, toJesus Christto heal them: That it is a peculiar encouragement to pray, when we know those for whom we pray, are beloved ofChrist: And that in all our addresses toGod, both for ourselves and others, we ought to mention rather his love to us, than ours to him, for we loveGodbecause he first loved us; and our love is so little, that it is not worth speaking of.
6.Q.What learn you hence?
A.ThatGod’s continuing his rod upon us, is no certain sign of his displeasure; nay that it is rather a token of his love, sinceChristknew thatLazaruswas sick, and yet abode two days before he went to his deliverance.
7.Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s going to Judea again?
A.That though we have met with persecution in a place, yet whenGodcalls us thither again, we must answer, “Lo, we come;” for the way of duty is the way of safety.
8.Q.Did not this argue a fear in the Disciples?
A.Yes; and from hence we may learn that we ought to beware of our carnal relations, who will dissuade us from doing our duty, if difficulties attend it, as these Disciples didChrist.
9, 10.Q.What is the meaning of these verses?
A.The meaning of them seems to be this: There is a certain time appointed by my Father for me to do my work in, and in that time I shall be as safe from danger, as a man that walketh by day is from falling; but when that time is over, I shall be taken by them, as a man falls when he walks in the dark.
11.Q.Was not Lazarus actually dead? why then doesChristsay, “he sleepeth?”
A.Because death is but as a sleep to a good man; for, as sleep frees us from the labour of the day, so does death free good men from the troubles of life.
Q.What learn you fromChrist’s callingLazarushis friend?
A.That he loves us as dear as himself; for a friend is said to be as dear to a man as his own soul: “And thy friend which is as thy own soul.”
16.Q.What learn you from this saying ofThomas?
A.That in times of difficulty, it is the christians duty to encourage, exhort, and provoke one another to keep close toChrist.
18.Q.How much are 15 furlongs?
A.Two miles.
19.Q.What learn you hence?
A.That it is the duty of christians to visit their friends; particularly at the death of their relations, and to comfort them with the hopes of seeing them again raised in glory.
20.Q.Why didMarysit still?
A.Probably out of humility, thinking herself unworthy to go, tillChristcalled her.
21.Q.DidMarthashew faith in saying thus?
A.Yes; but she expressed a weakness in it, since she confinedChrist’s power to his bodily presence.
22.Q.Does not this verse likewise prove the weakness of her faith?
A.Yes; for she seems to look uponChristnot asGod, but as a Prophet only acting under him.
24.Q.What learn you hence?
A.That theJewsbelieved the doctrine of the resurrection, though that as well as other doctrines is brought to a fuller light by the gospel.
25, 26.Q.What is the meaning of these two verses?
A.They may be understood two ways: that though a person be dead in sin, yet he shall live a spiritual life, if he believes inChrist; and2dly, that a true believer, though worms destroy his body, shall yet in his flesh seeGod.
Q.What may we learn fromChrist’s asking Martha the question at the latter end of the26thverse?
A.That it is good when we are reading the scripture doctrines, particularly the doctrines of the resurrection, and the new birth, to ask ourselves, whether we believe them or not.
28.Q.DidChristcallMary?
A.Not as we hear of, though he might and did probably; charity will incline us to think, she did not tell an untruth.
29.Q.What learn you from hence?
A.That this shewsMarysat still, only becauseChristdid not call her; and also, that we should imitate her behaviour; whenChristcalls us to repentance, we should arise quickly, and come unto him.
32.Q.Was not here the like weakness inMary’s faith as in her sister’s?
A.Yes, they both confined his power to his bodily presence.
34.Q.Was it consistent withChrist’s innocent resignation to be troubled?
A.Yes, as he was troubled; for it was a trouble that did not discompose him: some therefore have represented it by a glass of pure crystal water, which, though shaken,is not muddy. And in the margin it is said, “Christtroubled himself.”
35.Q.Why didJesusweep?
A.Probably, on seeing and considering what havoc sin had made, to show sympathy for the afflicted relations; but more particularly for the hardness of the people’s hearts, who he knew would not be converted, though he was about to shew them so great a miracle.
36.Q.What learn you hence?
A.That if theJewssaid, “Behold how he loved him,” when he shed only a few tears, well may we say, “Behold how he loved us,” when he shed his precious blood for us.
37.Q.What learn you hence?
A.That ill-will speaks well of nothing.
39.Q.What learn you fromMartha’s saying, “Lord, by this time he stinketh?”
A.That looking upon human improbabilities, is a great weakener of our faith; whenPeterbegan to fear, he began to sink.
41.Q.Do we hear thatChristprayed audibly at this time?
A.No; but he did it secretly, to teach us, that it is possible to pray though we do not speak. For the Spirit maketh intercession for us, with groanings that cannot be uttered.
46.Q.What learn you hence?
A.The folly of our modern unbelievers, who would desire a repetition of miracles, to convince them of the truth of the christian religion; whereas it is to be doubted, whether they would be convinced by them or not, since here were some who saw this great miracle of the resurrection ofLazarus, and would not believe. “If ye believe notMosesand the Prophets, neither will ye believe though one rose from the dead.”
55.Q.What learn you hence?
A.That before the christian passover, theLord’s supper, christians ought to study to prepare themselves by prayer and examination.
CHAPTERXII.
2.Q.What learn you fromMartha’s serving, thoughChristbefore this had condemned her too great solicitude?A.That religion does not call us from our common business, but teaches us to follow it, with a proper principle, obedience toGod; and that too not at the expence of the one thing needful.5.Q.What learn you hence?A.That all who speak well, are not saints, though it is best to judge charitably of all.8.Q.What learn you hence?A.That ifChristwas not to be with us always, then he is not bodily present at the mass, as theRomishchurch supposes.39.Q.Did the Prophets foretelling their hardness of heart, lay theJewsunder a necessity of not believing?A.No more than our knowing the sun will rise to-morrow, obliges the sun to rise. The Prophet foreknew by the Spirit ofGodthat it would be so, therefore foretold it.40.Q.DoesGodharden any one’s heart?A.Not till they have hardened their own hearts: thusPharaohfirst hardened his own heart, and then it is saidGodhardened it.42, 43.Q.What learn you hence?A.That a fear of contempt,&c.&c.keeps many well-disposed people from confessingChristbefore men; and that we can never be christians, till we are content only with that honour and praise which cometh fromGod.
2.Q.What learn you fromMartha’s serving, thoughChristbefore this had condemned her too great solicitude?
A.That religion does not call us from our common business, but teaches us to follow it, with a proper principle, obedience toGod; and that too not at the expence of the one thing needful.
5.Q.What learn you hence?
A.That all who speak well, are not saints, though it is best to judge charitably of all.
8.Q.What learn you hence?
A.That ifChristwas not to be with us always, then he is not bodily present at the mass, as theRomishchurch supposes.
39.Q.Did the Prophets foretelling their hardness of heart, lay theJewsunder a necessity of not believing?
A.No more than our knowing the sun will rise to-morrow, obliges the sun to rise. The Prophet foreknew by the Spirit ofGodthat it would be so, therefore foretold it.
40.Q.DoesGodharden any one’s heart?
A.Not till they have hardened their own hearts: thusPharaohfirst hardened his own heart, and then it is saidGodhardened it.
42, 43.Q.What learn you hence?
A.That a fear of contempt,&c.&c.keeps many well-disposed people from confessingChristbefore men; and that we can never be christians, till we are content only with that honour and praise which cometh fromGod.
CHAPTERXIII.
10.Q.What is the meaning of this verse?A.It seems to be this. He that is once really converted, needs not that justification and sanctification, which other sinners want; but yet should mourn over his daily sins, and daily seek to have them washed away by the blood ofChrist.14.Q.Ought we to make a rite of, and really wash one another’s feet?A.Some have thought so; but if we do what is meant by this condescension of our blessedLord, submit to the lowest offices for the benefit of one another, it seems to be sufficient.26.Q.What learn you fromChrist’s givingJudasa sop?A.That those are not always the greatest favourites of heaven, to whomGodgives outward blessings. And also, that after our Saviour’s sop, if we are not better we shall be the worse; if we do not improve our advantages and serve our Master, we shall betray him.27.Q.DidChrist’s saying untoJudas, “What thou doest do quickly,” lay him under an obligation to do it?A.By no means; the meaning of it is this, If thou art resolved to betray me, the sooner the better.34.Q.Why is the loving one another, a new commandment?A.Because it is to proceed from a new motive, and measure; evenChrist’s love towards us.38.Q.What learn you hence?A.That when we make any resolutions, they ought to be made in the name and strength ofGod; otherwise he must in pity let us fall, to convince us of our weakness.
10.Q.What is the meaning of this verse?
A.It seems to be this. He that is once really converted, needs not that justification and sanctification, which other sinners want; but yet should mourn over his daily sins, and daily seek to have them washed away by the blood ofChrist.
14.Q.Ought we to make a rite of, and really wash one another’s feet?
A.Some have thought so; but if we do what is meant by this condescension of our blessedLord, submit to the lowest offices for the benefit of one another, it seems to be sufficient.
26.Q.What learn you fromChrist’s givingJudasa sop?
A.That those are not always the greatest favourites of heaven, to whomGodgives outward blessings. And also, that after our Saviour’s sop, if we are not better we shall be the worse; if we do not improve our advantages and serve our Master, we shall betray him.
27.Q.DidChrist’s saying untoJudas, “What thou doest do quickly,” lay him under an obligation to do it?
A.By no means; the meaning of it is this, If thou art resolved to betray me, the sooner the better.
34.Q.Why is the loving one another, a new commandment?
A.Because it is to proceed from a new motive, and measure; evenChrist’s love towards us.
38.Q.What learn you hence?
A.That when we make any resolutions, they ought to be made in the name and strength ofGod; otherwise he must in pity let us fall, to convince us of our weakness.
CHAPTERXIV.
26.Q.What learn you hence?A.That it is one of the peculiar offices of the Holy Ghost, to bring to our remembrance whatChristhas told us. And this every sincere christian knows by experience.30.Q.What learn you hence?A.That the less corruption we have in our hearts, the less power will the devil have over us.
26.Q.What learn you hence?
A.That it is one of the peculiar offices of the Holy Ghost, to bring to our remembrance whatChristhas told us. And this every sincere christian knows by experience.
30.Q.What learn you hence?
A.That the less corruption we have in our hearts, the less power will the devil have over us.
CHAPTERXV.
2.Q.What learn you hence?A.That every unprofitable servant, and all mere professing christians, will perish; and that those who are true christians must expect afflictions and trials to prepare them for greater services.9.Q.What learn you hence?A.That the world hates christians on account of their conformity toChrist; therefore if christians will be conformed toChrist, it is impossible for them to avoid contempt.22.Q.What is meant by that expression, “they had not had sin”?A.They would not have had so great sin; or no sin at all in comparison of what they will have now.
2.Q.What learn you hence?
A.That every unprofitable servant, and all mere professing christians, will perish; and that those who are true christians must expect afflictions and trials to prepare them for greater services.
9.Q.What learn you hence?
A.That the world hates christians on account of their conformity toChrist; therefore if christians will be conformed toChrist, it is impossible for them to avoid contempt.
22.Q.What is meant by that expression, “they had not had sin”?
A.They would not have had so great sin; or no sin at all in comparison of what they will have now.