AA. B. Plot, The.—Charges against Wm. H. Crawford,35;the A. B. papers, a series of articles which appeared in the newspapers,35;expectation of the accuser that matter would lie over until after the Presidential election,35;immediate action,35;committee appointed,35;answer of Crawford,35;its character,35;who written by,35;proceeding in the case,35;testimony of Edwards,36;his proceedings,36;report of committee,36.Adams, John, decease of,87;sketch of his character,87.Adams, John Quincy, Secretary of State,7;his diary relative to the unanimity of the cabinet on the Missouri question,8;connection with the treaty of 1818,15;on internal improvements,22;candidate for the Presidency in 1824,44;commencement of his administration,54;his inaugural address,54;grounds of opposition,54;the majority of the Senate opposed,55;strong minority of the House opposed,55;position of the two Houses with regard to the President,91;contest for Speaker,92;organization of the committees,92;contents of the President's message,92;its notice of the Panama Congress,92;the finances,93;uselessness of retaining a balance in the treasury,93;members of the two Houses,93;array of business talent,94;three classes of men: men of speech and judgment, men of judgment and no speech, men of speech and no judgment,94;on the Committee of Bank Investigation,241;his position on the slavery question,686.Affairs, how changed by the War of 1812, and their subsequent aspect.—War of 1812,1;necessity and importance,1;changes it produced in American policy,1;state of the finances and currency under which it struggled,1;its termination with respect to its causes,1;gold ceased to be a currency,1;silver banished,1;local banks,1;suspension of specie payments,1;Treasury notes resorted to,1;depreciation,1;their use,1;the Government, paralyzed by the state of the finances, forced to seek peace,1;impressment the cause of the declaration of the war,1;first time in modern history that a war terminated by a treaty without a stipulation as to its cause,1;treaty of 1807, why rejected by the President,1;its importance,1;the war showed the British Government that the people of the United States would fight on the point of impressment,2;no impressment since,2;causes of the success of the war, in spite of the empty treasury,2;exemption held by right and by might,2;the financial lesson taught by the war,2;the lesson when availed of,2;its effects,2.The second Bank grew out of the war,2;currency of the constitution not thought of,2;national bank regarded as the only remedy,2;its constitutionality,2;the word "necessary,"2;Hamilton's grounds for a bank,2;difficulties of the finances during the second war ascribed to the want of a bank,3;concessions of its old opponents,3;many subsequently convinced the constitutional currency had not had a fair trial,3;national bank shown to be unnecessary by the Mexican war,3;constitutional question decided,3.Protection of American industry as a substantive object grew out of the war,3;incidental protection always acknowledged and granted,3;domestic manufactures wanted, during the non-importation period of the embargo and hostilities,3;want of articles of defence felt during the war,3;protection for the sake of protection carried in 1816,3;course of legislation reversed,3.Question of internal improvements developed by the war,3;want of facilities for transportation felt in military operations,3;the power claimed as an incident to the greatest powers,3;found in the word "necessary,"3;complicated the national legislation from 1820 to 1850,3;the question does not extend to territories,4;no political rights under the constitution,4;rivers and harbors—internal improvement of based on the commercial and revenue clause,4;the restriction contended for,4.Boundaries between the treaty-making power and the legislative departments a subject of examination,4;the broad proposition,4;the qualification,4;a vital one,4;which department to judge of encroachments by the other?4;discussions in Congress, between 1815 and 1820, on this point,4.The doctrine of secession was born of the war of 1812,4;the design imputed to the Hartford Convention,4;its existence raised the question,4;the right then repudiated by the democracy,4;language respecting it then south of the Potomac,4;the question thus far compromised, not settled,5.Slavery agitation took its rise about 1819,5;manner in which it was then quieted,5;the compromise a clear gain to the anti-slavery side,5;a southern measure,5;its features,5.Debt created by the war,5;amount of the public debt at its close,5;the problem to be solved was whether a public debt could be paid in time of peace,5.Public distress becomes a prominent feature of subsequent years,5;expansion and collapse of the bank,5;gloom of 1819 and 1820,5;commercial proceedings,5;legislative proceedings,5;distress the cry—relief the demand,6;good results of the war,6.Amendment of the Constitution.—Mistakes of European writers on our system of Government,37;Thiers and De Tocqueville,37;the electors but an instrument to obey the will of the people,37;electors useless,37;amendment proposed,37;views of the convention which framed the constitution,37;Benton's remarks on a direct vote of the people for President,37;"evil of the want of uniformity in the choice of Presidential electors endangers the rights of the people,37;the district system,38;origin of the general ticket system 10 States,38;objection to a direct vote of the people considered,38;whence it is taken,39;admit its truth, what then?39;better officers elected,39;ancient history,39;triumph of popular elections,39;other objections to intermediate electors,40;time and experience condemn the continuance of the electoral system,40;even if the plan of the constitution had not failed, it is better to get rid of the electors,40;historical examples,41."An attempt to give the election of President and Vice-President to the direct vote of the people,78;various propositions offered,78;committee appointed to report,78;plan reported by the committee,78;its prominent features,79;abolition of the electors and direct vote of the people—a second election between the two highest—uniformity in the mode of election,79;advantages of the plan,79.Exclusion of Members of Congress from Civil Office appointments.—Inquiry into the expediency of amending the Constitution so as to exclude members from appointment to civil office moved,82;motion only applied to the term for which they were elected,82;committee report that the exclusion should extend to the Presidential term during which the member was elected,83;proceedings of the convention that framed the constitution,83;other conventions,83;extracts from the proceedings of Federal Convention,83;early jealousy on this point,83;provisions for the independence of the two Houses,83;instance of the observance of these provisions,84;instance of the contrary,84;the Constitutional limitation a small restraint,84;views of the "Federalist,"84;what has been the working of the Government?85;the effects of legislation,85;other evils resulting from the appointment of members to office,85;the independence of the departments ceases between the Executive and Legislative,86;examples of early Presidents,86.Anderson, Richard C., Jun., Representative from Kentucky,7;nominated minister to Panama,66.Appropriation for Defences and Fortification Bill.—Preparation recommended in the message,554;referred and reported on,554;resolved unanimously that the treaty with France be maintained and its execution insisted on,554;and that preparations ought to be made to meet any emergency,554;appropriation of three millions inserted in the Fortification bill,554;rejected in the Senate,554;House insist,554;Senate adhere,554;remarks of Mr. King, of Alabama,554;this motion never resorted to until more gentle means have failed,554;are gentlemen prepared to take upon themselves such a fearful responsibility as the rejection of this bill?554;in what does it violate the constitution555;appropriations under Washington's administration,555;adherence carried,555;conference asked by the House,555;committees disagree,555;question as to the hour of the termination of the session,555;remark of Mr. Cambreleng,556;responsibility put on the Senate,556.Archer, William S., Representative from Virginia,7;on reference of the bank memorial to a select committee,234.Arkansas Territory, cession of a part of to the Cherokees—Reasons for making her a first-class State,107;a treaty negotiated altering the western boundary,107;can a law of Congress be abolished by an Indian treaty?107;is it expedient to weaken the future State?107;supremacy of the treaty-making power considered,107;power in Congress to dispose of territory,108;the treaty ratified,108; a southern measure,108;twelve thousand square miles taken off of slave territory,108;object to assist in inducing the removal of the Cherokees,108;what became of the white inhabitants,109;bought by the government,109.Arkansas and Michigan, admission of.—Application for an enabling act,627;Congress refuse to pass it,627;people hold conventions on their own authority and form constitutions,627;message communicating the constitution of Michigan,627;referred, also a memorial entitled from the "Legislature of Michigan,"627;objection to its title,628;bill reported,628;objections,628;remarks of Mr. Buchanan,628;bill passed and sent to the House,628;the practice of admitting a free and slave State together,629.Application of Arkansas taken up,629;remarks of Mr. Swift against the admission, on the ground of slavery,629;do. of Mr. Buchanan in favor of her admission,629;Prentiss opposes the admission on the ground of the revolutionary manner in which the State had held her convention,630;remarks of Mr. Morris,630;bill passed and sent to the House,631.Moved in the House to postpone the Michigan to take up the Arkansas bill,631;remarks of Mr. Thomas,631;the point of jealousy between some Southern and Northern members revealed,631;remarks on the motion to refer both bills and combine them in one,631;Lewis's remarks on giving the Arkansas bill the priority of decision,632;further debate,633;bills referred to the Committee of the Whole,634;points of the debate—First, the formation of constitutions without the previous assent of Congress;Second, the right of aliens to vote before naturalization;Third, the right of Arkansas to be admitted with slavery by virtue of the rights of a State—of the treaty of Louisiana and of the Missouri Compromise,634,635,636;an account of the session of twenty-four hours,636;bill put to vote,637;struggle to bring the bills to a vote not to pass them,637;causes,637;one special one,637.Astor, John Jacob.—His colony at Astoria,13,109.Austin, Moses, founder of the Texas Colony,674.BBaldwin, Henry, Representative from Pennsylvania,7;coadjutor with Clay on the Missouri question,10;appointed Justice of the Supreme Court,120.Bank of the United States.—When charter of first expired,1;origin of the second,2;its course in 1819,5.Constitutionality and expediency called in question in, General Jackson's first message,158;suggestion of one founded on the credit and revenues of the Government,158;a gold currency and an independent treasury suggested to General Jackson, and approved at once,158;cause of a resort to the deposit system,158;the idea of a government fiscal agent stigmatized,158;reports of committees,158;war of the bank commenced,158;its alliance with the opposition,158;its power,158;statement of its president,159;its power to ruin and destroy local banks,159.Ceaseless activity in behalf of the bank, since the President's message in 1829,187;little done on the other side,187;current all setting one way,187;failure of attempts to counteract it,187;permission asked to introduce a resolution against the re-charter,187;speech on the occasion, showing that the institution had too much power over the people and the government—over business and politics; and disposed to exercise it against freedom and equality,187;proposal to revive the currency of the constitution,187;"willing to see the currency of the government left to the hard money intended by the constitution,"187;every species of paper left to the State governments,187;experience of France and England,187;a hard money party against a paper party,187;justification for bringing forward the question of renewal,188;the reports on previous resolutions offered at the close of each session and all in favor of renewal,188;then followed the message of President Jackson,188;its reference,188;report, etc.,188;the conduct of the bank and its friends second ground for justification,188;these proceedings,189;an example drawn from the British Parliament,189;remarks of Sir Henry Parnell,189;do. of Mr. Hume,189;do. of Mr. Edward Ellice,189;do. of Sir William Pulteney,190;it is said the debate will injure the stockholders, depreciate the value of their property, and that it is wrong to sport with vested rights,190;the stockholders know the facts and such assertions absurd,190;the institution has forfeited its charter and may be shut up any hour,190;the case of the Bank vs. Owens,190;parliamentary rule requiring members to withdraw who have an interest in the subject of discussion,191.The bank is an institution too great and powerful to be tolerated in a government of free and equal laws,191;on renewal, its direct power must speedily become boundless and uncontrollable,191;authorized to own and issue ninety millions,191;its indirect power,191;to whom is all this power granted?191;by whom is it to be exercised?191;it will become the absolute monopolist of American money,191;what happened in Great Britain in 1795,192;letter of the bank directors to Pitt,192;condition of Great Britain at that time,192;it subdued the minister to the purposes of the bank,192;for twenty years the bank was the dominant power in England,192;cannot the Bank of the United States act in the same way?192.Its tendencies are dangerous and pernicious to the government and the people,192;the heads of each mischief,192,193.The exclusive privileges and anti-republican monopoly which it gives the stockholders,193;the exclusive legal privileges it gives,193;twelve enumerated,194;their effect and bearing,194;compensation made by the Bank of England for undrawn balances,194;amount of undrawn balances,194;injury suffered by the people on account of the uncompensated masses of public money in the hands of the bank,195;to discredit and disparage the notes of all other banks by excluding them from the collection of the revenue,196;the power to hold real estate, receive rents, &c.,197;effect of this vast capacity to acquire and legal power to retain real estate,197;the power to deal in pawns, merchandise, and bills of exchange,198;to establish branches in the different States without their consent and in defiance of their resistance,199;exemption of the stockholders from individual liability,199;to have the United States for a partner,200;extract from the speech of Pulteney,200;amount of stock owned by foreigners,201;exemptions from due course of law for violations of its charter,201;these privileges secured by a pledge of the public faith to charter no other bank,202;the government from which we have made this copy has condemned the original,202;correspondence between the Chancellor of the Exchequer and the Bank directors,203;how was this Babylon prostrated?204;effect of the speech,204;how it was received,204;leave refused,205.Statement that the bank has failed in furnishing a uniform currency,220;it vicious and illegal currency,220;origin of the practice,220;leave to bring in a resolution declaring it illegal asked for,220;reasons,220;"the resolution expresses its own object,221;the currency arraigned,221;the points of incompatibility between this currency and the requisites of the charter,221;fourteen points stated,221;the currency fails at every test,221;these orders cannot serve as currency because they are subject to the law of endorsed paper,222;being once paid they are done with,222;operations of the bank in 1817,222;origin of the branch bank orders,223;this currency ought to be suppressed,223;the fact of illegality sufficient to require it,223;pernicious consequences result from it,223;the branch bank orders are not payable in the States in which they are issued,223;practice of the Bank of Ireland,224;leave refused,224.Message of the President in 1829-30,224;its remarks relative to the bank,224;the position of the constitutional question,224;the democracy opposed not only the bank but the latitudinarian construction which would authorize it,225;it was the turning point between a strong and splendid government on one side and a plain economical government on the other, limited by a written constitution,225;the construction was the main point,225;effect of the message on the democracy of the country,225;the contest at hand,225;violent attacks upon the President,226;remark of M. Tocqueville on President Jackson and the bank,226;every word an error,226;examined,226;application for a renewal of the charter when and why made,226;action of friends of Jackson and the bank,227;memorial for renewal presented,227;course of events,227;error of De Tocqueville exposed,228;another extract,228;its errors exposed,229;consequences of refusing the re-charter,229.Re-charter.—Convention of the National Republicans to nominate a President,232;the nominations,232;addresses of the convention,232;remarks relative to the-bank,232;"its beneficial character,232;no pretext of any adequate motive is assigned for the President's denunciation,233;