said most of them have been bought up,505;report of the Secretary of State presenting a general view of the history and character of these claims,506;before the interference of our government with them they constituted just demands against France,507;grounds upon which the claims are vested by the claimants,507;points admitted,508;propositions to be established,508;were these subsisting claims against France at the time of the treaty?508;these claims released and relinquished by the amendment of the treaty and its ratifications,511;these claims surrendered or released by the government on national considerations,511;further remarks,"512,513,514.Speech of Mr. Benton,514;"the whole stress of the question lies in a few simple facts,514;assumed grounds on which the claims rest,515;on what grounds is it maintained that the United States received a valuable consideration for these claims?515;the case as between France and us relative to these claims,515;our obligation under the guarantee of France,515;the justice and validity of the claims themselves,516;how can the American people be pressed to pay these claims when it would be unreasonable to press France herself to pay them?516;it is said the United States have received full consideration from France for these claims,517;exertions made by the United States on behalf of these claims,518;what were the losses which led to these claims?519;one of the most revolting features of this bill is its relation to the insurers,519;what sum of money will this bill abstract from the treasury?"520;bill passed the Senate,521;lost in the House,521;claim agencies and assignments should be broken up,521;assignees and agents constitute a profession,521.GGaillard, John, Senator from South Carolina,7;President of the Senate,7;votes for the Missouri Compromise,8;decease of,77;nearly thirty years in the Senate,77;nine times elected president of the Senate,77;his character as presiding officer,77.Gallatin, Albert, candidate for the Vice Presidency in 1824,45;commissioner at Ghent,71;negotiates for joint occupation of Oregon,109;interview with Huskisson,126.Giles, Wm. B.,decease of, his peculiar talent,683;the Charles Fox of the House,683;his character,683.Gilmer, George, Representative from Georgia,7;Governor,7;action relative to the Cherokees,165.Globe Newspaper, the establishment of.—An interview,129;scheme to set aside Gen. Jackson and run Mr. Calhoun for the next President,129;propositions,129;communicated to General Jackson,129;the Telegraph newspaper,129;Francis P. Blair,129;how brought to the notice of General Jackson,129;establishes theGlobe newspaper,130;stand taken by,182.Gold currency, remarks of Mr. Benton upon a,436;bills to equalize the value of gold and silver and legalizing the tender of foreign coins in either, brought forward,469;the relative value of the two metals,469;experience of Mexico and South America,469;16 to 1,469;bill passed,469;its good effects,469,470.Government, the, its personal aspect in 1820,7.Granny White, the case of,105.Grundy, Felix, offers anti-nullification resolutions,34.HHall, Thomas H., Representative from North Carolina,7.Hamar, Thomas L., on the admission of Arkansas,634.Hamilton, General, argument for a national bank drawn from the Indian War,2.Hamilton, James A., acts as Secretary of State,119.Hardin, Benjamin, Representative from Kentucky,7.Hartford convention.—Design of secession imputed to,4.Hayne, Robert Y., on revision of the tariff,99;on the duty on indigo,99;on sales of the public lands,132;debate with Webster,138,140;in reply to Webster,140;against Van Buren as Minister to England,215;on southern resistance to the tariff,274.Hendricks, William, Representative from Indiana,7.Hill, Isaac, on abolition petitions,614.Holmes, John, Senator from Maine,7;votes for the admission of Missouri,9;against Van Buren as Minister to England,215.Horsey, Outerbridge, votes for the Missouri Compromise,8.House of Representatives.—Errors of De Tocqueville,205;reputation of the work in Europe,205;immense superiority attributed to the Senate arising from the different manner of election,205;statement of De Tocqueville,205;its tenor to disparage democracy—to attack the principle of popular elections,205;advantage of extending instead of restricting the privilege of the direct vote,206;further remarks on his statement,206;every man of eminence has owed his first elevation to popular elections,206;experience of England, Scotland, Ireland and Rome, of the success of a direct vote,206;popular election the safest and wisest mode of election,206;the difference then between the two Houses has vanished,206;causes to account for an occasional difference,206;statesmen not improvised,207;time often required to carry measures,207;instance parliamentary reform,207;other great British measures,207;short service the evil of the House,207;instances of Adams and Randolph retaken up by the people when dropped from the Senate,207;this error disparages the controlling branch of our Government,207;the British House of Commons,208;the Senate now occupies prominent public attention,208.Hunter, William, Senator from Rhode Island,7.IImprisonment for debt, abolition of.—Act of Congress passed to abolish all imprisonment on process issuing from the courts of the United States,292;effect of the example,292;report,292;extracts,292;"power of the creditor over the debtor in ancient Greece and Rome,292;the history of English jurisprudence furnishes the remarkable fact that for many centuries personal liberty could not be violated for debt,292;progress of imprisonment in England,293;further remarks,"293;act passed,293;effect upon the States,293;imprisonment condemned by morality, by humanity, and by the science of political economy,294.Incendiary publications circulated by mail.—Moved, that so much of the President's message as related to this subject be referred to a select committee,580;opposed, should go to the committee on post-offices and post-roads,580;object to secure a committee that would calmly investigate the whole subject,580;discussion relative to the committee,580;special committee appointed,580;bill and report,580;dissent of various members of the committee from the sentiments of the report,581;two parts exceptionable,581;the nature of the Federal Government founded in "compact" and on interference of non-slave States with slavery in other States,581;extracts from the report,581,582,583;insidiousness of the report consisted in the assumption of impending danger of the abolition of slavery in all the slave States, and the necessity for extraordinary means to prevent these dire calamities, when the fact was that there was not one particle of any such danger,584;the report foreshadows disunion,584;in vain to expect security or protection for the slaveholding States except from themselves, and concert only wanted among them to obtain this end,584;Calhoun recurs to secession for a new grievance,585;remark of Clay relative to the compromise of 1833,585;remarks of Mr. Webster,586;examination of the features of the bill,586;remarks of Mr. Clay on the bill,586;the bill not only unnecessary, but as a law of dangerous, if not a doubtful authority,586;whence did Congress derive the power to pass this law?587.Votes on the bill,587;three successive tie votes,587;yeas and nays called,587;the Vice-President called for,587;gives the casting vote for engrossment,587;remarks on the vote of various Senators,587.Indian Factory System.—Its origin,21;objects,21;how carried on,21;its inside working,21;bill to repeal passed,21;shows how long the Indians and the Government may be cheated without knowing it,21.Indians, removal of.—Large tracts held by the Indians in South and Western States in 1821,27;early policy of the Government,27;applications to the Federal Government incessant for their removal,27;what has become of the tribes in the older States?27;speech of Elliot,27;views of Jefferson,28;action of Monroe's administration,28;process for effecting the removal,28;bill passed,28;treaties ratified,29;the system of removal begun,29.Creeks, removal from Georgia.—Agreement between the United States and Georgia,58;treaty of removal concluded in 1824,58;resisted by the nation,59;attempts to enforce it by the State of Georgia,59;interference of the Administration,59;new treaty negotiated,59;objections to it in the Senate,59;further negotiation,59;treaty ratified,59;an incident,59;remarks of Van Buren,60;remarks of Benton,61;others,62,63.Cherokees, removal from Georgia.—Facts of the case,624;combination of obstacles,624;proceedings relative to,624;treaty with the Cherokees,624;amount of the stipulation,624;treaty opposed in the Senate,624;protest from the Cherokee nation,625;proposition to reject the treaty,625;close vote,625;saved by free State votes,626;involved an extension of slavery,626;just and fraternal spirit of the free States to their southern brethren,626.Final removal of.—This policy when commenced,690;completed,690;effects,690;extent of the removals,690;increase of area of slave population,691;conduct of the northern States,691;outcry against General Jackson,691;statements of De Tocqueville,691;remarks,692;amount of payments to the Indians,692;the smaller remote tribes,693;the Indian bureau,693.Indian sovereignties within States.—Indian oligarchies set up in some of the States,163;remarks of President Jackson's message in 1829-30,164;"the condition and ulterior destiny of the Indian tribes within States, an object of much interest,164;has the General Government a right to sustain them in erecting an independent government within the limits of a State?164;reference to the constitution,164;their efforts discountenanced,"164;passage of an act to enable their removal recommended,164;an old policy taken hold of by party spirit,164;proceedings in Georgia,164;proceedings of the Cherokees,164;action of Governor Gilmer relative to the suit of the Cherokees,165;charge of Judge Clayton to the Grand Jury of the Indian countries,165;address of Milner to the Foreign Missionary Society of London,165;remarks,166;the case of George Tassels,166;answer of Governor Gilmer to a request to make up a case before the United States Supreme Court,166;settlement,166.Ingham, Samuel D., Secretary of the Treasury,119;resigns his seat in the cabinet,181.Internal Improvementswithin the States, source of the question,3;New York canal finished,22;roads and canals all the vogue,22;candidates for the Presidency spread their sails,22;advocates of the measure,22;two prominent subjects discussed,22;extent of the design,22;Monroe's veto,22;the statement of the question,22;constitutional point how viewed in the message,23;the post-office and post-road grant of power,23;the war power,23;the power to regulate commerce,24;to pay debts and provide for the general welfare,24;to make laws necessary and proper,25;to make needful rules and regulations,26;the point on which Mr. Monroe yielded,26;the act for surveys passed,26;places recommended for improvement,26;veto message of Jackson,26;fate of the system,27.JJackson, Andrew, views on the cession of Texas,16;on internal improvement,22;candidate for the Presidency in 1824,44;message relative to a removal of the Indians,164;veto of Maysville road bill,167;letter to Van Buren, relative to his agency in the rupture of the cabinet,217;veto of the recharter of the bank,251;elected President,282;proclamation against South Carolina,299;retains the bill to distribute the proceeds of the sales of the public lands,364;veto,365.His administration.—His inaugural address,119;his cabinet,119;members of Congress,120;Speaker,121;recommendations of his first annual message,121;"amendment of the constitution relative to elections of President and Vice President,"121;remarks,122;amendment to the constitution too far removed from the people,122;events impressively urge it,122;not another example on earth of a free people surrendering the choice of their President,122;exclusion of members of Congress from office recommended,122;remarks of the message on this point,122;the policy recommended respecting the navy,122;instructions to Virginia Senators in 1800,122;the army and navy as found by President Jackson,123;recommendations relative to ship building,123;the inutility of the Bank of the United States asserted,123;remarks of the message,123;manner in which they were perverted,123;the finances,124;other recommendations,124.Breaking up of the Cabinet.—Resignation of the members,181;courtesy of the proceeding,181;ground upon which the President placed the required resignations,181;the new cabinet,181;excitement in party politics,181;attack on Mr. Crawford,181;his answer,181;exposure of errors of the pamphlet of Calhoun,181;the words of Mr. Crawford,182;change in the course of the Telegraph newspaper,182;the stand taken by the Globe.—See Globe newspaper.Twenty-second Congress,208;the Speaker,209;message,210;boundary between Maine and New Brunswick referred to the King of Netherlands,210;his opinion on the case,210;our claims with France,210;a treaty made,210;differences with Spain,210;claims against Naples,211;our demands on the Sicilies,211;relations with Russia,211;effect of our treaty with Austria,211;China and the East Indies,212;Mexico,212;Central America,212;South American powers,212;state of the finances,213;insolvent debtors to the Government,213;election of President and Vice President by a direct vote of the people,213;the bank of the United States,213.Message after a second election,283;wholly confined to business topics,283;the finances,283;extinguishment of the national debt,283;reduction of burthens on the people,283;protection should be limited to a few articles of indispensable necessity,284;views on the public lands,284;should cease to be a source of revenue soon as practicable,284;the federal title should be extinguished in the States,284;donations or sales at barely reimbursing prices is the wise policy of the government,284;after a fixed day the surrender of that unsold should take place,284;advantages of this course,284;removal of the Indians nearly consummated,285;obstacles to the removal of the Indian tribes,285;the removals seized upon by party spirit,285;Congress appealed to and refused to intervene,285;the Supreme Court appealed to and refused the application,285;the case of the missionaries,285;the case of Tassells,285;interference in the affairs of Georgia,286;an intimation given of the insolvency of the bank and the insecurity of the public deposits,286;this intimation received with scorn by the friends of the bank,286;conduct of the bank in relation to the payment of five millions of the three per cent. stock,286;the attitude of South Carolina,286;opposition to the revenue laws,286.Message to 23d Congress,371;the state of the finances,371;remarks relative to an economical administration,371;reasons for the removal of the public deposits,371;amendments to the constitution recommended,372;remarks on conventions,372.Combination against General Jackson.—Incident in the career of Mr. Fox, leader in the House of Commons,400;union against Gen. Jackson,400;their movements take a personal and vindictive character,400;power of the bank to produce distress,401;speakers,401;the business of the combination divided—distress and panic the object,401;the friends of General Jackson,401;speech of Mr. Clay on the removal of the deposits,402."In the midst of a revolution, hitherto bloodless,402;the Judiciary has not been exempted from the prevailing rage for innovation,402;a large proportion of the good nod enlightened men of the Union are yielding to sentiments of despondency,402;at the close of last session the power of Congress over the purse was left untouched,403;after all the testimonies of the safety of the public money, who would have supposed that the place would have been changed?403;by virtue of whose will, power, dictation, were the deposits removed?404;the President has no power over the Public Treasury,404;some of the tremendous consequences which may ensue from this high-handed measure,405;what security have the people against the lawless conduct of the President?405;the instance of Cæsar,405;what is it our duty to do?"406;remarks in reply,406."The first of the resolutions a direct impeachment of the President,406;we are trying an impeachment,406;