reference of the message,67;adverse report,67;expressive of the democratic doctrines of the day,67;its general principle that of good-will and friendship, but no entangling alliances,68;remarks of committee on religious freedom,68;their views on the Monroe doctrine,68;our present unconnected and friendly position regarded as most beneficial to the republics,68;the advantages of friendly relations without entangling alliances,69;right of the President to institute the mission,69;relations with Haiti, on what principle established,69;excitement produced by the proposed mission,69.Paperread to the cabinet by General Jackson relative to the removal of the public deposits,376.Patronage, Executive, reduction of.—Committee appointed to report on the expediency of reducing,80;the committee,80;report,80;the six bills reported,80;extract from the report,80;"grounds of the committee's opinion,80;multiply the guards against the abuse of power,81;the extent of patronage,"81;subsequent increase of patronage,81;remarks on the bills reported,81,82.Parrott, John F., votes for the Missouri Compromise,8.Pierce, Franklin, on abolition petitions,615.Pinckney, Charles, Representative from South Carolina,7.Pinkney, William, Senator from Maryland,7;negotiates the treaty of 1807,1;votes for the Missouri Compromise,8;decease,19;rank as an orator,19;speeches,19;on the Missouri controversy,19;abilities,20;manner in which Randolph announces his death,20;character,20.Pleasants, James, Senator from Virginia,7;governor,7;votes for the Missouri Compromise,8.Poindexter, George, against Van Buren as Minister to England,215;on the protest of General Jackson,427.Polk, James K., on the non-payment of the three per cents.,289;on continuing the deposits in the bank,289;chosen Speaker of the House,569.Presidential election of 1824.—The candidates,44;how brought forward,44;number of electoral votes,44;vote for each,44;candidates for the Vice Presidency,45;vote,45.In the House.—The theory and practical working of the constitution in the election of President and Vice-President,46;first election in the House that of Jefferson and Burr,46;ballotings,47;effect on the constitution,47;second election in the House that of 1824,47;proceedings,47;the democratic principle finally victorious,47;conduct of certain individuals,48;Clay expresses to Benton his intention to vote for Adams before the election,48;letter of Clay to Benton,48;evidences of Clay's declaration,48;this election put an end to caucus nominations by members of Congress,49;a different mode of concentrating public opinion adopted49;its degeneration,49;an anomalous body where the election is now virtually made,49;this destructive to the rights and sovereignty of the people,49;the remedy,49.Presidential election of 1828.—The candidates,111;result111;vote of the free States for the slave-holding candidates,111;election of Jackson a triumph of democratic principle,111;errors of Mons. de Tocqueville,112;charge of violent temper against Jackson,112;"mediocre talent and no capacity to govern,"112;"opposed by a majority of enlightened classes,"113;"raised to the Presidency solely by the recollection of the victory of New Orleans,"113.See page282.Presidential election of 1836.—The candidates,683;Vice-President elected by the Senate,683;details683,684.Preston, William C., on French affairs,594.Protectionto American Industry, origin of the question,3.Protective System.—The periodical season for its discussion,265;the session most prolific of party topics and party contests of any ever known,266;the reason,266;the subjects,266;the bank and tariff two leading measures,266;proposal of the President's message,266;the proposition of Mr. Clay,266;the seven years before the Tariff and the seven years after,266;the one, calamity; the other, prosperity,266;remarks,266;the seven years of calamity immediately followed the establishment of the bank,266;protection an incident before 1816, afterwards an object,267;origin and progress of the protective policy,267."It began on the 4th of July, 1789. The second act on the statute book,267;prosperity consequent on the French revolution,267;state of things after the peace in 1815,267;subject again brought up in 1820,267;summary of the policy,"267.Other speakers in favor of the policy,268;those against it,268;bearing of the question on the harmony and the stability of the Union.268.A crisis arrived,268;dissatisfaction of all the South,268;objects of the Revolution,268;manufacturers should be supported incidentally,268."This system an overruling necessity,269;the danger to its existence lies in the abandonment, and not in the continuance of the American system,269;great excitement in South Carolina,269;the Union necessary to the whole and to all its parts,269;the majority must govern,269;can it be believed that two-thirds of the people would consent to the destruction of a policy believed to be indispensably necessary to their prosperity?";269.An appalling picture dissolution of the Union presented on either hand,270;former designs of bringing Jackson forward for the Presidency,270;views entertained in South Carolina,270;views of the Democratic party270;"cannot feel indifferent to the sufferings of any portion of the American people,270;what is the cause of Southern distress?271;other causes which exist,"271;the levy and expenditure of the federal government the cause of Southern decadence,271;exportation of American manufactures,272;this fact urged to show the excellence of American fabrics, and that they are worthy of protection,272;also urged to show their independence of protection,272;"American cottons now traverse the one-half of the circumference of the globe,272;effect of these duties to create monopolies at home,272;the Custom House returns,"272;the prosperity attributed to the Tariffs of 1824 and 1828,272;real cause of the revived prosperity,273;remarks,273;Clay's remarks on his own failing powers and advanced age,273;compliments on his remarks,273;sparring between Gen. Smith and Mr. Clay on the age of the latter,273,274;the seriousness of Southern resistance to the Tariff,274;an appeal to all to meet the South in a spirit of conciliation,274.Protestof Gen. Jackson on the vote of censure in the Senate,425.Public distress.—From the moment of the removal of the deposits, the plan of the bank was to force their return, and with it a renewal of its charter, by operating on the business of the country and the alarms of the people,415;course to be pursued,415;first step to get up distress meetings,415;memorial sent to Congress,415;speeches on their presentation,415;remarks of Mr. Tyler on presenting a memorial from Virginia,416;do. of Mr. Robbins on presenting a memorial,416;do. of Mr. Webster on presenting a memorial,417,418,419;do. of Mr. Southard on presenting a memorial,417;do. of Mr. Clay on presenting a memorial,418;do. of Mr. Kent on presenting a memorial,418;Clay's apostrophe to the Vice President, charging him with a message of prayer and supplication to the President,420;the Vice President takes a pinch of Mr. Clay's snuff,420;resolution of a public meeting relative to the message to be conveyed by the Vice President,420.All this is a repetition of what was heard in 1811,421;extracts from Debates of Congress,421;the two distresses proved the same thing,421;agitation and commotion in the large cities,421;gaining a municipal election in New York,421;extracts relative to everyday occurrences,421;amounts of money expended,422.Report of the Secretary of the Treasury on the Finances,462;call made at the height of the panic,462;showed an increase in every branch of the revenue, instead of a decline,462;test of the prosperity of the United States,462;the distress confined to the victims of the Bank, or fictitious and artificial,462;attempt to quietly put the report aside,462;preparation made to defeat this move,462;the entire reading demanded,462;speech of Mr. Benton on its conclusion,462;the speech,462;"assertions and predictions under which the call had been made,462;a report to make the patriot's heart rejoice,463;it had been called for to be given to the people, and the people should have it,463;the statements of the report examined,463;evidence of commercial prosperity,464;increased imports, increased shipping, increased sales of public lands,464;it has been said that trade is paralyzed,465;the odium of all the distress falls on the bank,465;the prosperity of the country,466;recapitulation of the evidences,467;the alarm is over, the people are tired of it,467;the spectre of distress could never be made to cross the Mississippi,467;the bank is now a nuisance,"468;report laid on the table and printed,469.See Tariff.Public Land Debtors.—The credit system then prevailed,11;debt for lands sold to the Government,12;situation of the public land debtors,12;system on which the lands were sold,12;subject referred to in the President's message,12;the measure of relief devised,12;the cash system and reduced price adopted,12;the pre-emption right introduced,12;opposed,12;carried,12;the graduation principle pressed,12.Public Lands.—Burke's bill for the sale of the Crown lands presented in the British House of Commons,102;its application to this country,102;his remarks,102;sales of land by a government to its citizens a false policy,102;movements to obtain a graduation of price,103;recommendation of Jackson's message,103;the revenue derived from the sale of lands a trifle compared with the revenue derivable from the same lands through settlement and cultivation,103;sale of land brings no population, cultivation produces population,103;remarks in favor of donation of lands,103;example of the Atlantic States in favor of donations,104;remarks against the reservation of saline and mineral lands,104;these lands sold in Missouri,105;system of renting mines abolished,105;case of "Granny White,"105;the example of all nations in favor of giving land,106;proclamation of the King of Persia in 1823,106;Western States sufferers by this land policy,106;change in public sentiment,107.A proposition to inquire into the expediency of limiting the sales of land to those in market—to suspend the surveys, &c.,130;"a proposition that would check emigration to the new States of the West,130;limit settlements,130;deliver up large portions to the dominion of wild beasts,131;remove the land records,131;never right to inquire into the expediency of doing wrong,131;inquiry is to do wrong,"131;charge upon the East of intending to check the growth of the West,132;history of the first ordinance for the sale and survey,132;to make clean work is like requiring your guest to eat all the bones before he should have more meat,132;the propriety of selling at auction prices and at an arbitrary minimum for all qualities,132;system adopted by all nations,133;the British and Spanish colonies fostered under a very different system,133;indefinite postponement moved,133.Distribution to the States.—Bill to reduce the price ordered to a third reading,275;pre-emption established,275;plan to distribute the proceeds reported,275;report,275;"inexpedient to reduce the price, or to cede the lands to the States,275;sound policy enjoins the preservation of the existing system,275;governments, no more than individuals, should be intoxicated by prosperity,275;should husband their resources,276;the proposal to divide the proceeds among the States,276;a bill for this purpose reported,"276.Impropriety of originating such a bill in a Committee of Manufactures,276;referred to the Committee on Public Lands,276;a counter report,276;"this view fundamentally erroneous,276;the Committee on Manufactures regard the Federal domain merely as an object of revenue,276;quotation from the speech of Burke,276;these sentiments the inspiration of political wisdom,277;expectations from the public lands,277;result of an experiment of near fifty years,277;the bill to divide the proceeds is wholly inadmissible in principle and erroneous in its details,277;it proposes to change injuriously and fatally for the new States the character of their relation to the Federal Government on this subject,277;its effects,277;the details of the bill are pregnant with injustice and unsound policy,278;it makes no distinction between those States which did or did not make cessions of their vacant land to the Federal Government,278;it proposes benefits to some States which they cannot receive without dishonor nor refuse without pecuniary prejudice,278;these lands were granted to pay the debts of the Revolutionary War,278;other objections,278;postponed in the House,279.Distribution of proceeds.—Bill renewed,362;arguments in its favor,362;provisions of the bill,362;advantages of settling the question and disposing of the public lands,363;revenue from sales considered,363.A measure dangerous in itself and unconstitutional,364;bill passed the Senate,364;passed in the House with amendments,364;Senate concur on the last night of the session,364;retained by the President,364;reasons,364;denunciations of the Press,365;next session bill returned with objections,365;"first principles of the whole subject,365;the practice of the Government,365;an entire subversion of one of the compacts by which the United States became possessed of the Western domain,366;these ancient compacts are invaluable monuments of an age of patriotism and virtue,366;other principles inserted in the bill,366;the object to create a surplus for distribution,367;a more direct road to consolidation cannot be devised,367;difficult to perceive what advantages will accrue to the States,368;the true policy is that the public lands shall cease as soon as practicable to be a source of revenue,368;statement of revenues derived from the public lands,"368;remarks on this veto message,369.RRandolph, John, Representative from Virginia,7;opposes Clay on the Missouri question,10;decease of,473;place of his death,473;his career,473;how he should be judged,473;never enjoyed a day of perfect health,473;insanity at periods,473;conversation on that point,474;his parliamentary life,474;friendship with Macon,474;disposition,474;feelings on slavery,474;as a duellist,475;religious sentiment,475.Relief, Mr. Webster's plan of.—Renewal of the charter of the bank for six years,433;to give up the exclusive or monopoly feature,433;further particulars,433;leave asked to bring in the bill,433;opposition from Clay and Calhoun,433;reasons for Calhoun's position,434;his object to "unbank the banks,"434;remarks,434;ultimate object to arrive at a metallic currency,435;this an object of the administration,435;conversations among Senators,435;motion for leave to bring in a bill laid on the table,435;excuse for this movement,436.No previous opportunity to show the people the kind of currency they were entitled to possess,436;the Government intended to be a hard money Government,436;evidences on this point,437,438;the quantity of specie derivable from foreign commerce, added to the quantity of gold derivable from our mines, were fully sufficient to furnish the people with an abundant circulation of gold and silver,438,439;the value now set upon gold is unjust and erroneous,440;these laws have expelled it from circulation,440;nature and effects of this false valuation,441,442,443;intention and meaning of the constitution that foreign coins should pass currently as money, and at their full value, within the United States,444;the plan presented for the support of public credit in 1791,445;four points presented,445;facts,445;injuries resulting from the exclusion of foreign coins,446;what reason can now be given for not preventing it?447;a review of the present condition of the statute currency of the United States,448;three distinct objections to the Bank of the United States as a regulator of the currency,449;a power that belongs to the Government,449;it cannot be delegated,449;it ought not to be delegated to any bank,450;differs from Mr. Calhoun in the capacity of the bank to supply a general currency,451,452;circulation of the bank in 1833,453;objections to prolonging the existence of the present bank,454;the conduct of the present bank,454;that of the first bank,455;the spirit which seems to have broken out against the State banks deprecated,456;a small paper circulation one of the greatest grievances that can afflict a community,457;restoration of the gold currency has great influence in putting down a small note circulation,458.See Public Distress.Removals from Office.—Error of De Tocqueville,159;his statement,159;case of Adams' administration,159;no distinct party lines,159;no case presented to him for political removal,160;so in the main with Jackson,160;extent of removals by him,160;his election a change of parties,160;he followed the example of Jefferson,160;the circumstances of Jefferson,160;the four years' limitation law not then in force,161;fundamental principle,161;his letter to Monroe,161;do. to Governor Giles on removals,161;do. to Elbridge Gerry,161;do. to Mr. Lincoln,161;Jefferson's law of removals,161;said he had never done justice to his own party in this respect,162;clamor against Jackson,162;the practice of removals for opinion' sake becoming too common,162;description of Macaulay,162;the evil become worse since the time of De Tocqueville,162;an evil in our country,162;