its repeal a bitter mortification to the administration,503;Cushing in defence of the act,504;extract,504;an unparliamentary reference to Mr. Clay,504;reply by Mr. Davis,504;Cushing upon the impotent attacks on the administration,504;extracts,505;the seductive arguments of persuasion and enticement used to gain adherents to the new administration,505;appeals to the democratic party,505;reply of Mr. Thompson,505;Cushing states that there are persons connected with the administration who will yet be heard of for the Presidency,505;indignant reply of Mr. Thompson,505;reproaches cast upon Cushing,506;Davis upon the charges of Cushing,506;his versatility in defending vetoes,507.Banks, Suspension of Payment by.—Deranged finances and broken up treasury awaited the nascent administration,9;two parties at work to accomplish it,9;condition of the banks,9;remarks of Senator Benton on the prospect,9;do on rescinding the specie circular,10;desperate condition of the deposit banks,10;proper amount of specie to be retained by the banks,10;amount retained by the Bank of England,10;amount retained by the deposit banks,10;conference between Senator Benton and Mr. Van Buren,10;remark of the latter,10;Senator Benton miffed,10;silence,10;course which might have been taken,11;benefits,11.Preparations for the Distress and Suspension.—Characteristic letter of Mr. Biddle,11;picture of ruin presented, alarm given out, and the Federal government the cause,11;extracts,11;course followed in and out of Congress,12;reception of Mr. Webster in New York,12;the public meeting,12;cause of this demonstration,12;his speech a manifesto against Jackson's administration, a protest against its continuation in the person of his successor, and an invocation to a general combination against it,13;the ominous sentence of the speech,13;extract relating to the general distress,13;conclusion of the speech,13;its vehement appeal,14;the specie circular,14;the original draft,14;the rescinding bill,15;President Jackson's action,15;an experiment on the nerves of the President resolved on,15.Consequences of Webster's speech,16;an immense meeting,16;its resolves,16;the word "experiment,"16;a committee of fifty to wait on the President,17;to call another meeting on their return,17;co-operation of other cities invited,17;state of feeling as characterized by the press,17;visit of the committee to the President,18;extract from their addresses,18;a written answer of complete refusal,18;their return,18;visit of Mr. Biddle to the President,19;a second meeting in New York,19;report,19;resolutions adopted,19;list of grievances,19;remarks,20.Actual Suspension.—Suspension not recommended at any public meeting,20;the suspension,20;proceedings,20;act of self-defence on the part of the deposit banks,21;course of the United States Bank,21;letter of Mr. Biddle,21;extracts,21;Webster's tour at the West and his speeches,22;first speech at Wheeling,22;extract,22;the time when the suspension was to take place,22;Bank of the United States to be the remedy,23;the contrivance of politicians now exposed,23.Effects of the Suspension.—Disturbance in the business of the country,26;depreciation of bank notes,26;disappearance of small specie,26;"better currency,"26;"the whole hog,"26;inflammatory publications of the press,26;extracts,26;government payments,27;the medium,27;condition of the administration,27;payment of the Tennessee volunteers,27;its effect,27;visit of the agent to Washington,27;extra session of Congress necessary,28.Attempted Resumption.—Declaration of the Bank of the United States of its ability to continue paying specie,43;resumption commenced in New York,43;resolution,43;committee of correspondence,43;opposition of the Philadelphia interest,43;the explanation,43.Resumption of Specie Payments by the New York Banks.—The proposed convention,83;frustrated by the United States Bank,83;Philadelphia banks refuse to co-operate,83;letter from Mr. Biddle to John Q. Adams,83;a characteristic sentence,83;his threat against the New York banks,83;a general bank convention,83;vote on resumption,83;reasons for the vote,84;resumption by the New York banks,84;resumption general,84;the United States Bank,84;her stock,84;her power,84;speech of Mr. Webster, expressing her wishes,84;her friends come to the rescue for the last time,85;Mr. Benton's remarks,85."Two periods working the termination of a national bank charter, each full of lessons,85;the two compared,85;the quantity of the currency,86;its solidity,86;it is said, there is no specie,86;the cause of the non-resumption is plain and undeniable,87;what say the New York City banks?87;extract from their report,87;the reasons,87;it is said there can be no resumption until Congress act on the currency,88;conduct of the leading banks,88;the honest commercial banks have resumed or mean to resume,89;politicians propose to compel the government to receive paper money for its dues,89;the pretext is to aid the banks in resuming,89;an enemy lies in wait for the banks,89;power of the United States Bank over others,90;the contrast between former and the present bank stoppages,90;justice to the men of this day,"91.Mr. Clay's Resolution in favor of Resuming Banks.—Proposed to make the notes of resuming banks receivable in payment of all dues to the Federal government,91;render assistance to the banks,92.No power can prevent the solvent banks from resuming,92;every solvent one in the country will resume in a few months,92;Congress cannot prevent them if it tried,92;the most revolting proposition ever made in Congress,93;proposition lost,93.Divorce of Bank and State.—The bill is to declare the divorce and the amendment is to exclude their notes from revenue payments,56;this change to be made gradually,56;it will restore the currency of the constitution and re-establish the great acts of 1789 and 1800,56;great evils—pecuniary, political, and moral—have flowed from this departure from our constitution,57;loss to the government from the banks,57;losses from the local banks,57;comparison with steamboats,57;the case with the banks,58;the epoch of resumption is to be a perilous crisis to many,58;they fell in time of peace and prosperity,58;banks of circulation are banks of hazard and of failure,58;the power of a few banks over the whole presents a new feature in our system,58;they have all become links of one chain,59;the government and its creditors must continue to sustain losses if they continue to use such depositories and to receive such paper,59;in an instant every disbursing officer in the Union was stripped of the money he was going to pay out,59;it was tantamount to a disbandment of the entire government,59;it is a danger we have just escaped,60;the same danger may be seen again if we use them,60;what excuse have we for abandoning the precise advantage for which the constitution was formed?60;the moral view of this question not examined,60;the government required to retrace its steps and to return to first principles,61;what is the obstacle to the adoption of this course,61;the message recommends four things,61;the right and obligation of the government to keep its own moneys in its own hands results from the law of self-preservation,61;England trusts none of her banks with the collection, keeping, and disbursement of her public money,62;what were the "continental treasurers" of the confederation,62;bill reported by the Finance Committee,62;taunted with these treasury notes,62;the case of France on the occasion of the First Consul,63;French currency is the best in the world,63;Congress has a sacred duty to perform in reforming the finances and the currency,64;this is a measure of reform worthy to be called a reformation,65.Destined to be carried into effect at this session,164;opposition to it,164;remarks of Mr. Clay,164;bill passed the Senate,165;passed the House under the previous question,165;the title of the bill,165;form in which opposition appeared,165;proceedings in the House,166;title passed by the operation of the previous question,167.Banks, Specie basis for.—A point of great moment,128;well understood in England,128;vice of the banking system of this country,128;the motion intended to require the bank to keep a certain amount of specie,128;testimony of Horsley Palmer,128;requirement on the Bank of England,129;the proportion in England is one-third,129;first object when a bank stops payment,129;the issuing of currency is the prerogative of sovereignty,130;proportion required of the deposit banks,130;effect of the Treasury order of 1836 upon them,130.Bank Notes, Tax on.—Motion for leave to bring in a bill to tax the circulation of banks, bankers, and all corporations issuing paper money,179;nothing more just than that this interest should contribute to the support of government,179;in other countries it was subject to taxation,179;has formerly been taxed in our country,179;manner of levying the bank tax in Great Britain,180;taxation of the Bank of England,180;equity of the tax, its simplicity, and large product,180;unknown how the banking interest would relish the proposition,181;petition of Stephen Girard,181;objects of the bill,181.Banks, District, Re-charter of.—Amendment proposed to the bill prohibiting the issue of bills less than five dollars, &c.,273;"the design is to suppress two evils of banking—that of small notes and that of banks combining to sustain each other in a state of suspension,"273;shall notes banish gold and silver from the country?274;one a curse to the public,274;why are banks so fond of issuing these small notes?274;counterfeiting is of small notes,274;an Insurance Company of St. Louis,275;a proper opportunity to bring before the people the question whether they should have an exclusive paper currency or not,275;some merchants think there is no living without banks,275.See Index, vol. I.Barbour, Philip P., decease of,202;his mess,202;his character,203;intellect,203;death,203;instance of self-denial and fidelity to party,203;position in Virginia,203.See Index, vol. I.Barrow, Senator, decease of,706;early life,706;his character,706;his intellect706;youth,706.Bates, Isaac C., on exempting salt from duty,315.Bayard, R. H., on the slavery resolutions,139.Bell, John, candidate for Speaker,160;Secretary at War,209;on the readiness of President Tyler to sign a second bank bill,343,346;his reasons for resigning his seat in President Tyler's cabinet,355.Benton, Thomas H., on the bankrupt act for banks,45;on the divorce of bank and State,56;on the Florida war,72;on bank resumption,85;on the graduation bill,126;on the armed occupation of Florida,167;on the assumption of State debts,172;on the salt tax,176;on the tax on bank notes,179;on the drawback on refined sugar,190;on fishing bounties and allowances,194;on the bankrupt bill,234;on the nature and effect of the previous question,253;on the bill for the relief of Mrs. Harrison,262;on the issue of small bills,273;on the action of the administration in the McLeod affair,291;on the repeal of the tariff compromise,312;on the committee on the bank bill,336;offers amendment to the second bank bill,338;moves to arrest the persons who hissed in the Senate gallery,351;against the Fiscal plan of Mr. Tyler,375,376;on paper money payments,406;on the merits of the British treaty,426;on the North-eastern boundary,438;on the North-western boundary,441;on the expenses of the Navy,456;on the Oregon bill,474;eulogy on Linn,485;on the Chinese mission,512;on the annexation of Texas,619;on the authorship of the war with Mexico,689;on the Oregon question,667;his plan for conducting the Mexican war,678;designed for the appointment of Lieutenant-General,678;on the expedition of Col. Doniphan,684;advice relative to the conduct of the war against the northern frontiers of Mexico,687;advises with the President relative to the prosecution of the war,693;his reply to Calhoun's question respecting his support of the latter's resolutions,697;on the cause that may dissolve the Union,715;on Clay's compromise plan,749;on the protest of Southern Senators,771.See Index, vol. I.Bibb, George M., Secretary of the Treasury,569.See Index, vol. I.Biddle, Nicholas, his letters,11,24;visits the President,19;his letter to J. Q. Adams,83;decease of,567;Black, Mr., on the appropriation for the Military Academy,468.Blair, Francis P., statement of the declaration of Mr. Polk relative to the mode of Texas annexation,637.See Index, vol. I.Botts, John M., on the protest of President Tyler,419.Bredon, Mr., on the nomination of Van Buren,593.Brewster, Mr., on the nomination of Van Buren,592.Brig Somers, Mutiny on board.See Somers.British Treaty.—The Maine boundary still unsettled,420;particulars of the case,420;subject referred to the King of the Netherlands,420;his award rejected,420;Ashburton appointed on a special mission,420;professing to come to settle all questions—only such were settled as suited Great Britain,421;points embraced in the treaty,421;points omitted,421;return of Ashburton,421;thanks of Parliament to him,421;discussion in Parliament,422;the map having the original line of the North-eastern boundary hidden from Lord Ashburton's,422;remark of Brougham,422;his speech when charged with a want of frankness to this country,422;extract,422;sport in the British Parliament,422;map shown to Mr. Everett,423;statement of the result of the treaty on this point by an English speaker,423;manner of conducting the negotiations,423;no instructions given to the Secretary of State,423;remarks of Mr. Benton,423;the action of certain Senators forestalled,424;the treaty or war was the constant alternative presented,424;remarks of Mr. Benton,424;extract,424;his remarks on the unsettled points of difficulty,425.Mr. Benton's remarks on the merits of the treaty,426;"four subjects omitted—the Columbia River and valley, impressment, the outrage on the Caroline, and the liberation of American slaves,426."The Oregon territory,426;remark on the President's message relative to its omission from the negotiation,426;the American title to the Columbia River and its valley stated,426,427;the treaty of 1818,427;its great fault,428;another fault was in admitting a claim on the part of Great Britain to any portion of these territories,428;our title under the Nootka Sound treaty,428;Sir Alexander McKenzie,429;the British title to the Columbia,429;it is asked, what do we want of this country so far off from us?430;the value and extent of the country,430."Impressment is another of the omitted subjects,430;correspondence upon it,431;manner in which it was treated,431;how different this holiday scene from the firm and virile language of Mr. Jefferson,432;if this treaty is ratified, we must begin where we were in 1806,432."The case of the liberated slaves of the Creole is another of the omitted subjects,432;only one of a number of cases recently occurred,432;peculiarity of these cases,433;each of these vessels should have been received with the hospitality due to misfortune, and allowed to depart with all convenient dispatch and with all her contents, of persons and property,433;remarks of the President's message,433;the grounds taken by the Government and the engagements entered into by the British Minister, examined,433;Lord Ashburton proposes London as the best place to consider this subject,434."The burning of the Caroline, another of the omitted subjects,434;this case is now near four years old,435;the note of Lord Ashburton sent to us by the President,435;it is said there is a certain amount of gullibility in the public mind which must be provided for,436;the letter of our Secretary,436;the whole negotiation has been one of shame and injury, but this catastrophe of the Caroline puts the finishing hand to our disgrace,437;the timing of this negotiation after the retirement of Mr. Van Buren, and when the Government was in more pliable hands,437;further remarks,437."The North-eastern Boundary Article.—Remarks of Mr. Benton. The establishment of the low land boundary in place of the mountain boundary, and parallel to it,438;contrived for the purpose of weakening our boundary and retiring it further from Quebec,438;character of this line,438;remarks,438;a palliation attempted,439;letters on the subject,439;plea of Ashburton,440;to mitigate the enormity of this barefaced sacrifice, a description of the soil given,440;report of Mr. Buchanan and the resolution of the Senate,440;the award of the King of the Netherlands infinitely better for us,441.North-western Boundary.—"The line from the Lake of the Woods to the Mississippi, was disputable,441;that from Lake Superior to the Lake of the Woods described,442;proposition of a British traveller to turn the line down from Isle-Royale near two hundred miles to St. Louis River,442;reasons,442;words of Ashburton,443;what he claimed, he got,443;