THOU SHALT NOT ROB OR STEAL.
Remark.—Riches and poverty are determined by the great God; but whosoever robs or plunders the property of others transgresses this command.
The Hymn says:—
Rest contented with your station, however poor, and do not steal.Robbery and violence are low and abandoned practices.Those who injure others really injure themselves.Let the noble-minded among you immediately reform.
THOU SHALT NOT UTTER FALSEHOOD.
Remark.—All those who tell lies, and indulge in devilish deceits, with every kind of coarse and abandoned talk, offend against this command.
The Hymn says:—
Lying discourse and unfounded stories must all be abandoned.Deceitful and wicked words are offences against Heaven.Much talk will, in the end, bring evil on the speakers.It is then much better to be cautious, and regulate one's own mind.
THOU SHALT NOT CONCEIVE A COVETOUS DESIRE.
Remark.—When a man looks upon the beauty of another's wife and daughters with covetous desires, or when he regards the elegance of another man's possessions with covetous desires, or when he engages in gambling, he offends against this command.
The Hymn says:—
In your daily conduct do not harbour covetous desires.When involved in the sea of lust the consequences are very serious.The above injunctions were handed down on Mount Sinai;And to this day the celestial commands retain all their force.
"Note.—The expression 'corrupt spirits' in the remarks upon the second commandment, rendered by the translator 'gods,' refers probably to the numerous malevolent spirits whom all uneducated Chinese believe to have power over all things noxious to the human race. The gods of thunder, lightning, wind, &c., are the principal of these, but there are also hundreds of inferior spirits whom poor householders believe to be abroad at night, with power, if they so will, to spread pestilence, disaster, and fire, and who consequently receive daily and nightly offerings of prayer and incense from the timid and trembling poor, who dread the exercise of their malevolence."—(The Taepings in China.)
"Note.—The expression 'corrupt spirits' in the remarks upon the second commandment, rendered by the translator 'gods,' refers probably to the numerous malevolent spirits whom all uneducated Chinese believe to have power over all things noxious to the human race. The gods of thunder, lightning, wind, &c., are the principal of these, but there are also hundreds of inferior spirits whom poor householders believe to be abroad at night, with power, if they so will, to spread pestilence, disaster, and fire, and who consequently receive daily and nightly offerings of prayer and incense from the timid and trembling poor, who dread the exercise of their malevolence."—(The Taepings in China.)
EACH LINE IN THE ORIGINAL CONTAINING THREE WORDS,AND EACH VERSE FOUR LINES.
The Great GodMade heaven and earth,Both land and sea,And all things therein.In six daysHe made the whole;Man, the lord of all,Was endowed with glory and honour.Every seventh day worship,In acknowledgment of Heaven's favour;Let all under HeavenKeep their hearts in reverence.It is said that in former timesA foreign nation was commandedTo honour God;The nation's name was Israel.Their twelve tribesRemoved into Egypt;Where God favoured them,And their posterity increased.Then a king aroseInto whose heart the devil entered;He envied their prosperity,And inflicted pain and misery.Ordering the daughters to be preserved,But not allowing the sons to live;Their bondage was severeAnd very difficult to bear.The Great GodViewed them with pity,And commanded MosesTo return to his family.He commanded AaronTo go and meet Moses;When both addressed the king,And wrought divers miracles.The king hardened his heartAnd would not let them go;Wherefore God was angryAnd sent lice and locusts.He also sent flies,Together with frogs,Which entered their palacesAnd crept into their ovens.When the king still refused,The river was turned into blood!And the water became bitterThroughout all Egypt.God sent boils and blains,With pestilence and murrain;He also sent hail,Which was very grievous.The king still refusing,He slew their first-born;When the King of EgyptHad no resource,But let them goOut of his land;The Great GodUpheld and sustained them.By day in a cloud,By night in a pillar of fire;The Great GodHimself saved them.
The king hardened his heart,And led his armies in pursuit;But God was angryAnd displayed his majesty.Arrived at the Red Sea,The waters were spread abroad;The people of IsraelWere very much afraid.The pursuers overtook them,But God stayed their course;He himself fought for them,And the people had no trouble.He caused the Red SeaWith its waters to divide;To stand up as a wall,That they might pass between.The people of IsraelMarched with a steady stepAs though on dry ground,And thus saved their lives.The pursuers attempting to cross,Their wheels were taken off,When the waters closed upon them,And they were all drowned.The Great GodDisplayed his power,And the people of IsraelWere all preserved.When they came to the desertThey had nothing to eat;But the Great GodBade them not be afraid.He sent down manna,For each man a pint;It was as sweet as honey,And satisfied their appetites.The people lusted much,And wished to eat flesh,When quails were sentBy the millions of bushels.At the Mount SinaiMiracles were displayed,And Moses was commandedTo make tables of stone.The Great GodGave his celestial commands,Amounting to ten precepts,The breach of which would not be forgiven.He himself wrote them,And gave them to Moses;The celestial lawCannot be altered.In after agesIt was sometimes disobeyed,Through the devil's temptationsWhen men fell into misery.But the Great God,Out of pity to mankind,Sent his first-born SonTo come down into the world.His name is Jesus,The Lord and Saviour of men,Who redeems them from sinBy the endurance of extreme misery.Upon the crossThey nailed his body,Where he shed his precious bloodTo save all mankind.Three days after his deathHe rose from the dead,And during forty daysHe discoursed on heavenly things.When he was about to ascend,He commanded his disciplesTo communicate his gospelAnd proclaim his revealed will.Those who believe will be savedAnd ascend to heaven;But those who do not believeWill be the first to be condemned.Throughout the whole worldThere is only one God,The Great Lord and RulerWithout a second.
The Chinese in early agesWere regarded by God;Together with the foreign statesThey walked in one way.From the time of Pwan-koo,[88]Down to the three dynasties,[89]They honoured God,As history records.
T'hang of the Shang dynasty,[90]And Wan of the Chow,[91]Honoured GodWith the intensest feeling.The inscription on T'hang's bathing-tubInculcated daily renovation of mind;And God commanded himTo assume the government of the empire.Wan was very respectfulAnd intelligently served God;So that the people who submitted to himWere two out of every three.When Tsin obtained the empire[92]He was infatuated with the genii,And the nation has been deluded by the devilFor the last two thousand years.Suen and Woo of the Han dynasty[93]Both followed this bad example,So that the mad rebellion increasedIn imitation of Tsin's misrule.When Woo arrived at old age,He repented of his folly,And lamented that from his youth upHe had always followed the wrong road.Ming of the Han dynasty[94]Welcomed the institutions of Buddha,And set up temples and monasteriesTo the great injury of the country.But Hwang of the Sung dynastyWas still more mad and infatuated,For he changed the name of Shang-te (God)Into that of Yuh-hwang (the pearly emperor).[95]But the Great GodIs the supreme LordOver all the world,The Great Father in heaven.His name is most honourable,To be handed down through distant ages;Who was this Hwuy,That he dared to alter it?It was meet that this same HwuyShould be taken by the Tartars,And together with his sonPerish in the northern desert.From Hwuy of the Sung dynastyUp to the present day,For these seven hundred yearsMen have sunk deeper and deeper in error.With the doctrine of GodThey have not been acquainted,While the king of HadesHas deluded them to the utmost.
The Great God displaysLiberality deep as the sea;But the devil has injured manIn a most outrageous manner.God is therefore displeasedAnd has sent his Son[96]With orders to come down into the worldHaving first studied the classics.In the Ting-yeu year (1837)He was received up into Heaven,Where the affairs of HeavenWere clearly pointed out to him.The great GodPersonally instructed him,Gave him odes and documents,And communicated to him the true doctrine.God also gave him a seal,And conferred upon him a swordConnected with authorityAnd majesty irresistible.He bade him, together with the elder brother,Namely Jesus,To drive away impish fiendsWith the co-oporation of angels.
There was one who looked on with envy,Namely, the king of Hades,Who displayed much malignityAnd acted like a devilish serpent.But the great God,With a high hand,Instructed his SonTo subdue this fiend,And having conquered him,To show him no favour;And in spite of his envious eyeHe damped all his courage.Having overcome the fiend,He returned to Heaven,Where the great GodGave him great authority.The celestial mother was kindAnd exceedingly gracious,Beautiful and noble in the extreme,Far beyond all compare.The celestial elder brother's wifeWas virtuous and very considerate,Constantly exhorting the elder brotherTo do things deliberately.The great God,Out of love to mankind,Again commissioned his SonTo come down into the world.And when he sent him down,He charged him not to be afraid;I am with you, said he,To superintend everything.In the Mow-shin year (1848)The Son was troubled and distressed,When the great GodAppeared on his behalf.Bringing Jesus with him,They both came down into the world,Where he instructed his SonHow to sustain the weight of government.God has set up his SonTo endure for ever,To defeat corrupt machinationsAnd to display majesty and authority.Also to judge the world,To divide the righteous from the wicked,And consign them to the misery of hell,Or bestow on them the joys of heaven.Heaven manages everything,Heaven sustains the whole;Let all beneath the skyCome and acknowledge the new monarch.Little children,Worship God,Keep his commandments,And do not disobey.Let your minds be refined,And be not depraved,The great GodConstantly surveys you.You must refine yourselves well,And not be depraved:Vice willingly practisedIs the first step to misery.To insure a good end,You must make a good beginning:An error of a hair's breadthMay lead to a discrepancy of a thousand li.Be careful about little things,And watch the minute springs of action:The great GodIs not to be deceived.Little children,Arouse your energies:The laws of high heavenAdmit not of infraction.Upon the good blessings descend,And miseries on the wicked;Those who obey Heaven are preserved,And those who disobey perish.The great GodIs a spiritual Father;All things whateverDepend on him.The great GodIs the Father of our spirits:Those who devoutly serve himWill obtain blessings.Those who obey the fathers of their fleshWill enjoy longevity;Those who requite their parentsWill certainly obtain happiness.Do not practise lewdness,Nor any uncleanness;Do not tell lies,Do not kill and slay.Do not steal,Do not covet:The great GodWill strictly carry out his laws.Those who obey Heaven's commandsWill enjoy celestial happiness;Those who are grateful for divine favoursWill receive divine support.
Heaven blesses the goodAnd curses the bad:Little children!Maintain correct conduct.The correct are men,The corrupt are imps:Little children!Seek to avoid disgrace.God loves the upright,And he hates the vicious:Little children!Be careful to avoid error.The great GodSees everything;If you wish to enjoy happiness,Refine and correct yourselves.
EACH LINE IN THE ORIGINAL CONTAINING FIVE WORDS,AND EACH VERSE FOUR LINES.
ON THE WORSHIP OF GOD.
Let the true Spirit, the great God,Be honoured and adored by all nations;Let all the inhabitants of the worldUnite in his worship, morning and evening.Above and below, look where you may,All things are imbued with the Divine favour.At the beginning, in six days,All things were created, perfect and complete.Whether circumcised or uncircumcised,Who is not produced by God?Reverently praise the Divine favourAnd you will obtain eternal glory.
ON REVERENCE FOR JESUS.
Jesus, his first-born Son,Was in former times sent by God:He willingly gave his life to redeem us from sin;Of a truth his merits are pre-eminent.His cross was hard to bear;The sorrowing clouds obscured the sun.The adorable Son, the honoured of heaven,Died for you, the children of men.Died for you, the children of men.
After his resurrection he ascended to heaven;Resplendent in glory, he wields authority supreme.In him we know that we may trustTo secure salvation and ascend to Heaven.
ON THE HONOUR DUE TO PARENTS.
As grain is stored against a day of need,So men bring up children to tend their old age;A filial son begets filial children,—The recompense here is truly wonderful.Do you ask how this our bodyIs to attain to length of years?Keep the fifth command, we say,And honour and emolument will descend upon you.
ON THE COURT.
The imperial court is an awe-inspiring spot,Let those about it dread celestial majesty;Life and death emanate from Heaven's son,Let every officer avoid disobedience.
ON THE DUTIES OF THE SOVEREIGN.
When one man presides over the government,All nations become settled and tranquillized:When the sovereign grasps the sceptre of power,Calumny and corruption sink and disappear.
ON THE DUTIES OF MINISTERS.
When the prince is upright, ministers are true;When the sovereign is intelligent, ministers will be honest.E and Chow are models worthy of imitation:They acted uprightly and aided the government.
ON THE DUTIES OF FAMILIES.
The members of one family being intimately related,They should live in joy and harmony;When the feeling of concord unites the whole,Blessings will descend upon them from above.
ON THE DUTIES OF A FATHER.
When the main beam is straight, the joists will be regular;When a father is strict, his duty will be fulfilled:Let him not provoke his children to wrath,And a delightful harmony will pervade the dwelling.
ON THE DUTIES OF A MOTHER.
Ye mothers, beware of partiality,But tenderly instruct your children in virtue;When you are a fit example to your daughters,The happy feeling will reach to the clouds.
ON THE DUTIES OF SONS.
Sons, be patterns to your wives;Consider obedience to parents the chief duty;Do not listen to the tattle of women,And you will not be estranged from your own flesh.
ON THE DUTIES OF DAUGHTERS-IN-LAW.
Ye that are espoused into other families,Be gentle and yielding, and your duty is fulfilled;Do not quarrel with your sisters-in-law,And thereby vex the old father and mother.
ON THE DUTIES OF ELDER BROTHERS.
Elder brothers, instruct your juniors;Remember well your common parentage;Should they commit a trifling fault,Bear with it and treat them indulgently.
ON THE DUTIES OF YOUNGER BROTHERS.
Disparity in years is ordered by Heaven;Duty to seniors consists in respect.When younger brothers obey Heaven's dictates,Happiness and honour will be their portion.
ON THE DUTIES OF ELDER SISTERS.
Elder sisters, instruct your younger sisters,Study improvement and fit yourselves for Heaven.Should you occasionally visit your former homes,Get the little ones around you and tell them what is right.
ON THE DUTIES OF YOUNGER SISTERS.
Girls, obey your elder brothers and sisters,Be obliging and avoid arrogance,Carefully give yourselves to self-improvement,And mind and keep the Ten Commandments.
ON THE DUTIES OF HUSBANDS.
Unbending firmness is natural to the man,Love for a wife should be qualified by prudence;And should the lioness roar,Let not terror fill the mind.
ON THE DUTIES OF WIVES.
Women, be obedient to your three male relatives,And do not disobey your lords:When hens crow in the morning,Sorrow may be expected in the family.
ON THE DUTIES OF ELDER BROTHERS' WIVES.
What is the duty of an elder brother's wife,And what her most appropriate deportment?Let her cheerfully harmonize with younger brothers' wives,And she will never do amiss.
ON THE DUTIES OF YOUNGER BROTHERS' WIVES.
Younger brothers' wives should respect their elder brothers' wives,In humility honouring their elder brothers;In all things yielding to their senior sisters-in-law,Which will result in harmony superior to music.
ON THE DUTIES OF THE MALE SEX.
Let every man have his own partnerAnd maintain the duties of the human relationsFirm and unbending; his duties lie from home,But he should avoid such things as cause suspicion.
ON THE DUTIES OF THE FEMALE SEX.
The duty of woman is to maintain chastity;She should shun proximity to the other sex;Sober and decorous, she should keep at home:Thus she can secure happiness and felicity.
ON CONTRACTING MARRIAGES.
Marriages are the result of some relation in a former stateThe disposal of which rests with Heaven.When contracted, affection should flow in a continued stream,And the association should be uninterrupted.
ON MANAGING THE HEART.
For the purpose of controlling the whole body,God has given to man an intelligent mind;When the heart is correct, it becomes the true regulatorTo which the senses and members are all obedient.
ON MANAGING THE EYES.
The various corruptions first delude the eye;But if the eye be correct, all evil will be avoided:Let the pupil of the eye be sternly fixed,And the light of the body will shine up to heaven.
ON MANAGING THE EAR.
Whatever sounds assail my ear,Let me listen to all in silence:Deaf to the entrance of evil,Pervious to good, in order to be eminently intelligent.
ON MANAGING THE MOUTH.
The tongue is a prolific source of strife,And a multitude of words leads to mischief;Let me not be defiled by lying and corrupt discourse,Careful and cautious, let reason be my guide.
ON MANAGING THE HAND.
To cut off the hand whereby we are dragged to evilAppears a determination worthy of high praise;The duty of the hand is to manifest respect,But for improper objects move not a finger.
ON MANAGING THE FEET.
Let the feet walk in the path of rectitude,And ever follow it, without treading awry;For the countless by-paths of lifeLead only to mischief in the end.
THE WAY TO GET TO HEAVEN.
Honour and disgrace come from a man's self;But men should exert themselvesTo keep the Ten Commandments,And they will enjoy bliss in Heaven.
FOOTNOTES:[88]Pwan-koo, the first man, was, according to Chinese mythology, the offspring of Chaos, and the creator of the earth, sun, moon, and stars.[89]The period of the three dynasties beganB.C.2207, and endedB.C.247.[90]B.C.1766.[91]B.C.1121. Both these emperors (T'hang and Wan) are stated by Du Halde to have worshipped Heaven.[92]B.C.247.[93]B.C.74—A.D.25.[94]A.D.58. The emperor Ming, having heard that the true religion was to be found in the west, despatched (A.D.66) ambassadors into Northern India, who, finding the majority of the people in that region to be worshippers of Fo, brought back with them several Bonzes in order to spread the faith; and thus Buddhism was introduced into China.[95]This emperor (Hwuy) was a firm believer in the superstitions of the Taouists.A.D.1101—1126.[96]Hung-siu-tsuen.
[88]Pwan-koo, the first man, was, according to Chinese mythology, the offspring of Chaos, and the creator of the earth, sun, moon, and stars.
[88]Pwan-koo, the first man, was, according to Chinese mythology, the offspring of Chaos, and the creator of the earth, sun, moon, and stars.
[89]The period of the three dynasties beganB.C.2207, and endedB.C.247.
[89]The period of the three dynasties beganB.C.2207, and endedB.C.247.
[90]B.C.1766.
[90]B.C.1766.
[91]B.C.1121. Both these emperors (T'hang and Wan) are stated by Du Halde to have worshipped Heaven.
[91]B.C.1121. Both these emperors (T'hang and Wan) are stated by Du Halde to have worshipped Heaven.
[92]B.C.247.
[92]B.C.247.
[93]B.C.74—A.D.25.
[93]B.C.74—A.D.25.
[94]A.D.58. The emperor Ming, having heard that the true religion was to be found in the west, despatched (A.D.66) ambassadors into Northern India, who, finding the majority of the people in that region to be worshippers of Fo, brought back with them several Bonzes in order to spread the faith; and thus Buddhism was introduced into China.
[94]A.D.58. The emperor Ming, having heard that the true religion was to be found in the west, despatched (A.D.66) ambassadors into Northern India, who, finding the majority of the people in that region to be worshippers of Fo, brought back with them several Bonzes in order to spread the faith; and thus Buddhism was introduced into China.
[95]This emperor (Hwuy) was a firm believer in the superstitions of the Taouists.A.D.1101—1126.
[95]This emperor (Hwuy) was a firm believer in the superstitions of the Taouists.A.D.1101—1126.
[96]Hung-siu-tsuen.
[96]Hung-siu-tsuen.
Showing the State of the Trade before, during, and after the Occupation of the producing Districts by the Ti-pings.[From the following Figures the Effect of their Presence upon Commerce may be judged.]
Total Exportsduring the Five Years immediately preceding the Outbreak of the Ti-ping Revolution.
Date of Export.Tea.Raw Silk.Pounds.Bales.Year1845-184657,580,00018,600"1846-184753,360,00019,000"1847-184847,690,00021,377"1848-184947,240,00017,228"1849-185053,960,00016,134
Remarks.These returns are quoted by Col. Sykes, M.P., in his pamphlet on "The Progress of Trade with China, 1833-1860," and are copied from theFriend of China, which journal, then established at Canton, published a tabular form, showing the total exports (exclusive of Ningpo) from all Treaty Ports, 1843 to 1858.
Total Exportsduring the First Three Years of the Revolution, while the Ti-pings were steadily progressing northward.
Date of Export.Tea.Raw Silk.Pounds.Bales.Year1850-185164,020,00022,143"1851-185265,130,00023,040"1852-185372,900,00025,571
Remarks.It will be seen that the progress of the rebellion did not interfere with trade, which continued steadily increasing.
Total Exportsfrom date of Capture of Nankin, and many producing Districts, by the Ti-pings, to 1859.
Date of Export.Tea.Raw Silk.Pounds.Bales.Year1853-185477,210,00061,984"1854-185586,500,00051,486"1855-185691,930,00050,489"1856-185761,460,00074,215"1857-185876,740,00060,736
Remarks.Itwill be seen that the exports, although to a certain extent coming from, or passing through, Ti-ping territory, continued regularly increasing, especially in the case of the silk trade.
Total Exportsduring the Two Years preceding the Capture, of the entire Silk, and about half of the Tea, Districts.
Date of Export.Tea.Raw Silk.Pounds.Bales.Year1858-185965,789,79281,136"1859-186085,938,49369,137
Remarks.These returns are carefully copied from the bi-monthly issues ofThe China Overland Trade Report.
Total Exportsduring the entire Occupation of the Silk Districts.
Date of Export.Tea.Raw Silk.Pounds.Bales.Year1860-186187,220,75488,754"1861-1862107,351,64973,322"1862-1863118,692,13883,264
Remarks.The Ti-pings captured Soo-chow, the capital of the silk districts (and shortly after thewholeof that valuable country), in the month of May, 1860. It will be seen that, instead of injuring the silk trade, at the termination of the next business year season 1860-61, commencing June 1, 1860, and ending 31st May, 1861 they hadincreasedit to 88,754 bales, the greatest number ever exported from China in one year; to 73,322, season 1861-62; and 83,264, season 1862-63; whilst the export of tea, mostly from regions in their possession, was raised from 66,000,000 pounds in 1860, to 119,000,000 in 1863! These figures cover the period of entire occupation of the silk districts by the Ti-pings, and their occupation of the tea districts of Fy-chow, Taeping-hien, and others in the provinces of Ngan-whui, Che-kiang, Kiang-si, and Kiang-su, and extend to the end of May, 1863.
Total Exportssincethe Ti-pings have been driven from the Silk Districts.
Date of Export.Tea.Raw Silk.Pounds.Bales.Year1863-1864119,689,23846,863"1864-1865121,236,87041,128
Remarks.These returns prove, better than any history or argument, who were the devastators of the former Ti-ping territory. While the revolutionists held and governed the valuable silk districts, that article was produced and exported in larger quantities than had ever been known before. After the British had made the producing districts the theatre of the war, and finally succeeded in driving the Ti-pings out, the supply of silk at once fell to half the export during the Ti-ping dominion, and the second year after to still less.
Where Killed.Date.By what Forces.Number Killed.British, or Allied, Casualties.Before Shanghae,August, 1860.British and French.300Nil.while strivingto peaceably negotiate.Near the city ofDecember, 1861.Ward's disciplined2,000100 killed and wounded.Soong-kong (twentyContingent.miles from Shanghae).At the capture of the21st February, 1862.British and French.1501 killed by a stray shot.village Kao-kiau.During the capture1st March, 1862.Ditto.1,300Nil.of stockades at Ming-hong.At capture of4th April, 1862.Ditto.6001 killed, 1 wounded.Wong-ka-dzu stockades.Capture of the village5th April, 1862.Admiral Hope's and300Nil.of Lu-ka-kong.Ward's forces.At the village of Che-poo.17th April, 1862.British, French,900Nil.and Ward's forces.At the capture of the1st May, 1862.Allied British, French,3,5005 or 6 wounded.city of Kah-ding.and Imperialists.At the capture of the12th May, 1862.Ditto.2,5002 killed, 10 wounded.city of Tsing-poo.At the capture of the17th May, 1862.British and French.500French admiral killed,village of Na-joor.16 men wounded.At the capture of the20th May, 1862.Ditto.3,0001 killed, 4 wounded.town of Cho-lin.During an engagement31st May, 1862.British naval & military3001 killed, 4 wounded.near Kah-ding.forces.Upon the expulsion of10th May 1862.British, French,1503 killed, 23 wounded.the Ti-pings from Ningpo.and piratical flotilla.During the recaptureJune, July & August,British, French and5,000About 100, all told.of Kah-ding, Tsing-poo,1862.Imperialists.Cho-lin, Chee-poo, &c.,by the Ti-pings.During the operationsAugust, 1862,Force under20,000About 2,000 or 3,000.in the Ningpo district,to the end of 1863.Capt. R. Dew, R.N.,leading to the capture ofAnglo-Manchoo,Tse-kie, Yu-yaon, Fung-wha,Franco-Manchoo,Shou-sing, and other cities.and Imperialist troops.At the second capture24th October, 1862.British, French,1,5004 killed, 20 wounded.of Kah-ding.and Imperialists.Engagement duringNovember, 1862.British, Ward's3,0005 killed, 15 wounded.Ti-ping attempt toforce, and Imperialists.recapture Kah-ding.During the repulse of14th February, 1863.Anglo-Manchoo1,0002,500 killed & wounded.the attack on Tait-san.Contingentand Imperial troops.Capture of Fu-shan village,6th April, 1863.FilibusterGeneral1,2002 killed, 3 wounded.and relief of Chang-zu.Gordon's force.Capture of the city of2nd May, 1863.British, Gordon's2,000200hors de combat.Tait-san.and Imperial forces.Massacre of Ti-pings30th May, 1863.The Anglo-Manchoo3,000Gordon's force, 2 killedduring theirdisciplined andand 5 drowned; Imperialistevacuation of theforeign-officeredloss, about 300.city of Quin-san.Contingent, andan Imperialist arrm.During the retreat of theJune, 1863.Died of starvation,40,000Loss of Imperialist troops,Chung-wang's army from themade prisoners and2,000 to 3,000.northern provinces; caused byexecuted by Imperialists,the British hostilities in theand killed in action.neighbourhood ofShanghae and Ningpo.At the capture of29th July, 1863.Anglo-Manchoo1501 killed, 15 wounded.Wo-kong cityContingent andImperialists.Engagements at5th, 6th, & 7thDitto.1,00050 to 100.Kah-poo.Aug. 1863.Engagements in theOctober, 1863.Ditto.3,500About 200.neighbourhood of Wo-kong.Engagements beforeSeptember,English, French,6,000About 2,000.Soo-chow, and captureOctober,and other disciplinedof stockades outsideNovember,Contingents, assisted by athe city.and December.large Imperialist army.The Soo-chow massacre3rd December,Imperialists. Estimated30,000Nil.upon capture of the city.and subsequent days.by both Imps. &Ti-Pings at this No.Engagements aroundNovember &Ditto.4,0005,000.Wu-see and Chang-chow-foo.December.Upon occupation of Wu-see12th December.Contingents and6,000Nil.(civilians put to death).ImperialistsCapture of Yih-sing.3rd or 4thEnglish500About a dozen casualties.March, 1864.Contingent.Defeat of Gordon's20th March, 1864.Ditto.600About 150.force before Kin-tang.Defeat of Gordon's30th March, 1864.Ditto.100About 207.force at Hwa-soo.Assaults upon Hang-chowJan., Feb.; andEnglish & French5,000Loss of Contingents, 600;(capital of Che-kiang),Mar. 2nd, and 29th;Contingents, and severalImperialists, 3,000.capture of Fo-yang, and otherApril and May, 1864.large Imperialist armies.cities in the same district.Massacre of non-combatantsEnd of March, 1864.Imperialists and7,000Loss of Imperilists andafter capture of Kar-sing-foo.detachments of Englishdetachment underCol.Contingent.Bailey during the siege, 1000.Defeat of Ti-pings,11th April, 1864.Imperialists and8,000Loss of Allies, 100.and massacre of prisoners,English Contingentat the village of Hwa-soo.under Gordon.Repulse of Imperialist24th and 25thDitto.3,500427 of Contingent,assaults upon Chang-chow-foo.April, 1864.1,500 Imperialists.Capture of Chang-chow,11th May, 1864.Ditto.About 20,0007 of Contingent,massacre of garrison300 Imperialists.and inhabitants.During the capture ofMay to September,Principally Imperialists,About 10,0002,000 or 3,000.Tan-yang, Kin-tang, Ly-hong,1864.assisted by alland all other Ti-ping towns,foreign Contingentsbesides the districtsexcept Gordon's.in which they are situated,subsequent to the fallof Chang-chow-foo.During the siege ofDitto.Imperialists70,000Nil.Nankin about 70,000advised by Gordon,people perished fromassisted byfamine within its walls.French officers.Killed during the siege.Ditto.Ditto.10,0005,000 to 10,000.Massacred after the18th & 19th July,30,000Very small.capture of the city.and subsequent days.Killed during the siegeJanuary toImperialists and15,0009,000 to 10,000.and fall of Hoo-chow-foo.September, 1864.French Contingents.A rough estimate of the numberAugust, 1860,Imperialists, English,50,000Much less.of people killed during all theto September, 1864.& French.actions not recorded, capturesof villages, skirmishes, &c.,which were innumerable.To the above may be added2,500,000at least2,000,000 to 3,000,000people who perished from theterrible famine occasioned,during the years 1863 and 4,by the allied operations, whilstthe Ti-pings were being drivenfrom their territories, and thewhole country so utterlydesolated as to be coveredwith the bodies of the starvedand dying.Total number of Ti-pings killed and destroyed by the British intervention2,872,550