Here are just Eighteen-Score changes already made, and the bells may either be brought round in their places, by making a dodg-change behind (according to the common course), thus,
124365123456but to have proceeded forward in the 720, the last should have been a single change in third and fourths places, thus,124365123465the single change being made, all the following changes to the end of the 720 are to be made, by the same rule and course as those before set down, the last change of the 720 being also a single change, and to be made in the same place, and between those two bells which made the former single, thus,124356123456which single change brings the bells round in their right places at the end of the 720.
but to have proceeded forward in the 720, the last should have been a single change in third and fourths places, thus,
the single change being made, all the following changes to the end of the 720 are to be made, by the same rule and course as those before set down, the last change of the 720 being also a single change, and to be made in the same place, and between those two bells which made the former single, thus,
which single change brings the bells round in their right places at the end of the 720.
This Peal of Grandsire bob may be Rang with any whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt; but there being some difficulty in beginning many of the Peals, I have therefore set down Directions for beginning each Peal, as follows.
1.2.41.2.51.3.22.3.61.4.61.5.31.5.41.6.3In Ringing Grandsire bob with any of these eight Hunts, the first changes in each Peal are to be made in the same manner, as those in the Peal before set down, until the first bob in each Peal comes to be made.1.2.31.2.61.3.51.4.21.4.5With these five Hunts, the first change in each Peal is a dodge between the four hindmost bells: thus,123456124365
In Ringing Grandsire bob with any of these eight Hunts, the first changes in each Peal are to be made in the same manner, as those in the Peal before set down, until the first bob in each Peal comes to be made.
With these five Hunts, the first change in each Peal is a dodge between the four hindmost bells: thus,
123456124365
Each three figures that stand together next before, do represent a whole Hunt, a half Hunt, and quarter Hunt: for instance, the uppermost figures in the first Column, are 1.2.4. there the treble is the whole Hunt, the second the half Hunt, and the fourth the quarter Hunt, and so of the rest.
In making the treble the whole Hunt, the fifth the half Hunt, and the sixth the quarter Hunt; the first change is a dodge between the four hindmost bells, in which the half and quarter Hunt do dodge together in fifth and tenors places, therefore the next time the whole hunt comes before the bells, there's a single bob.
In ringing treble, tenor, and fifth, the whole Hunt moves up the first change, thus 214365, and so on in the common course until it comes next before the bells, at which time there's a single bob.
In ringing treble, fourth, and third, the whole Hunt moves up the first change, thus, 214365, and so forward in the common course, until it leads again; at which time there's a bob-change to be made, and another the next time the whole Hunt leads after that, it being a double bob.
In ringing treble, third, and fourth, the firstis a dodge-change between the four hindmost bells, in which the half Hunt and quarter Hunt do dodge together in third and fourths places, therefore a double bob is next to be made, one of which bob-changes is the next time the whole Hunt leads, and the other the next following. In ringing treble, fifth, and second, the first is a bob-change; and the next time the whole Hunt leads, there's another bob-change, it being a double bob.
In Ringing treble, sixth, and second, and treble, sixth, and fourth, the first change in each of these two Peals is a bob.
2.4.65.3.46.1.25.3.1With these four Hunts, the first change is treble, and the next double, thus, 214365, and so on, till the whole Hunt leads.3.5.24.6.26.2.12.3.56.3.5With these five Hunts, the first change must be made between the four bells in the midst, thus, 132546.
With these four Hunts, the first change is treble, and the next double, thus, 214365, and so on, till the whole Hunt leads.
With these five Hunts, the first change must be made between the four bells in the midst, thus, 132546.
In Ringing tenor, treble, and second, there's a single bob the first time the whole Hunt comes before the bells.
In all Peals of Grandsire bob, where the first change is either a bob, or a dodge between the four hindmost bells, or else a double change between the four bells in the midst, it must be made at the back-stroke of the bells, otherwise the Peal would cut compass all the way, that is, every bell would come to lead at the back-stroke.
In the Eighteen-score changes before set down, there's a line drawn between the figuresat every bob, the changes next below each line is a bob-change.
In the Seven-hundred and twenty changes of Grandsire bob, there are two single changes to be made. The first single change in any Peal is most commonly made as near the end of Eighteen-score changes (from the beginning) as may be, and 'tis the best way, and most convenient: For instance, sometimes it happens that one or more of those persons who do Ring this Peal, may be weary before they have Rang Eighteen-score changes, therefore upon notice given, the single change may be forborn, and then the bells will in course come round at the end of Eighteen-score changes, making a complete Peal; but after the first single change is made, the bells cannot be brought round in course, until the Seven-hundred and twenty are all made.
There is great variety in making the single changes in each Peal, which may be made at divers places (viz.)
The first single change in any Peal may be made the second time the whole Hunt leads after the last bob-change of the first or second double bobs, at which places the whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt, do alwayes lie together before the bells, and the single change is to be made in third and fourths places.
The first single change in any Peal may also be made the second time the whole Hunt leads after the first or second single bobs, at which place the whole Hunt and half Hunt do alwayes lie together before the bells; and the quarter Hunt lies behind, therefore itmust be made between the two hindmost bells.
Or if the first bob in any Peal is a double bob, then the first single change may be made the second time the whole Hunt leads after the third double bob in that Peal, at which place the whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt do lie together before the bells, and the single is made in third and fourths places.
Or if the first bob in any Peal is a single bob, then the first single change may be made the second time the whole Hunt leads after the third single bob, where the whole Hunt and half Hunt do alwayes lie together before the bells, and the quarter Hunt behind, therefore the single change must be made behind.
The first single change in any Peal may also be made either at the first, second, or third single bobs, at which places the whole Hunt leads, the half Hunt lies in tenors place, and the quarter Hunt in fourths place, therefore it must be made behind.
The first single change in any Peal may also be made the next time the whole Hunt leads after the last bob-change of the first or second double bobs, at which place the whole Hunt, and quarter Hunt do alwayes lie together before the bells, and the half Hunt in fourths place, therefore the single change must be made in third and fourths places. And in most Peals, the first single change may be made the next time the whole Hunt leads after the last bob-change of the third double bob; and in some Peals, the first single change may be made the second time the whole Hunt leadsafter the third double bob (nothwithstanding the first bob-change in that Peal is a single bob, as in the Eighteen-score treble, second and fourth before set down) which falls out according as the first bob change happens to be made either nearer the beginning of the Peal, or farther from it; for in some Peals, the bells will come round in course the next time the whole Hunt leads after the last bob-change of the third double bob. And in many Peals, the bells will come round at the fore-stroke the second time the whole Hunt leads after the last bob-change of the third double bob,&c.
There are two single changes in every Seven-hundred and twenty, which are alwayes made when the whole Hunt leads, the last single change in every Peal being constantly made just Eighteen-score changes from the first; for making of which, observe these Rules.
If the first single change (in any Peal) is made the second time the whole Hunt leads after a double bob, then the second single change must be made the second time the whole Hunt leads after the third double bob, accounting from the place where the first single change was made.
If the first single change in any Peal is made the second time the whole Hunt leads after a single bob, then the second single change must be made the second time the whole Hunt leads after the third single bob, accounting from the place where the first single change was made. Or if the first single change is made at a single bob, then the second single change must be made at the third single bob, accounting fromthe place where the first single change was made.
The second single change in every Peal must be made between those two bells, and in the same place where the first single change was made; and the whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt, will in course lie in the same places at the second single change, where they lay at the first: either the half Hunt, or quarter Hunt, are alwayes one of the two bells which makes every single change. But there are many other wayes to make the single changes,viz.to make them between the half Hunt, and quarter Hunt, at any dodge, where those two bells do dodge together next before a bob,&c.of which I need not say any thing more in this place, having already set down all those wayes which are most easie and convenient to be practised.
In Ringing this Peal of Grandsire bob, (with any whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt) if there's no single change made within Eighteen-score changes from the beginning of the Peal, the bells will in course come round in their right places, just at the end of Eighteen-score changes.
In any Peal of Grandsire bob, where the first is a double change, and made at the back-stroke, the last change of the Peal (which brings the bells round in their right places) is a treble change, and made at the fore-stroke.
The Seven-hundred and twenty changes of Grandsire Bob may be Rang without making any single change therein, which way of Ringingit, is call'dGrandsire Bob True: that is, the changes are all true trebles and doubles without any single change therein. There are made two double changes (contrary to the course of all the double changes in the Peal) to supply the place of the two single changes, which two are called True changes; and to be made divers wayes, and at several places. The first true change in any Peal may be made at the first, second, or third double bobs either at the first or second bob-change of each. At the first bob-change of any double bob it may be made, by moving the Bell in fourths place down under two Bells at once into the seconds place, and the two hindmost Bells must make a change at the same time: for Example, in the Eighteen-score of treble, second and fourth before set down, at the first bob-change of the first double Bob, the Bells stand thus, 143526. Now the true change is made, by moving the Bell which lies in fourths place down under two Bells at once into seconds place, and the two hindmost Bells are at the same time to make a change thus, 154362. At this place it may be made another way, by moving the hindmost Bell down under two Bells at once into the fourths place, and the two Bells in second and thirds places are at the same time to make a change thus, 134652. At the last Bob-change of each double Bob, it may also be made two wayes; one of which, is to move the Bell in fourths down into the seconds place, and the two hindmost Bells at the same time to make a change, as I shewed you before: But the best and easiest way is tomove the bell which lies in fourths place up over two bells at once into the tenors place, and the two bells in second and thirds places to make a change as at a bob: for instance, at the last bob-change of the first double bob in the Eighteen-score before set down, the figures stand thus, 143652. Now the bell in fourths place must be moved up behind, and the two bells in second and thirds places are to make a change, 134526. The second True change in every Peal must be made just Eighteen-score changes from the first, in making of which, these Rules are to be observed. If the first true change in any Peal is made at the first bob-change of a double bob, then the second true change must be made at the first bob-change of the third double bob, accounting from the place where the first true change is made, but not reckoning that for one of the three: or if the first true change is made at the last bob-change of a double bob, then the second true change must be made at the last bob-change of the third double bob, accounting from the place where the first true change was made, but not reckoning that for one of the three. And the second true change in every Peal must be made in the same manner and place as the first, the true and single changes in Grandsire bob, are both to one and the same effect (i.e.) to alter the course of the extream bells; for in making these changes, the whole hunt, half hunt, and quarter hunt are to continue their constant course without variation, neither of those 3 bells being any otherwise concerned therein, than at the change which should have been made, if the single or true change had been forborn.
There is another way to Ring this Peal of Grandsire Bob, by a course differing from the former. When the whole Hunt leads, the half Hunt lies in fifths place, and the quarter Hunt in fourths place, then the next change is a single bob; and when the whole Hunt leads, and the half Hunt lies in fifths place, and the quarter Hunt in thirds place, then the next change is the first bob-change of a double bob; the bobs and dodge-changes herein are made in the same manner, as those in the former way: But the bobs herein are called by a Rule differing from the former,viz.when the whole Hunt and half Hunt do lie together before the bells, and the quarter Hunt (lying in fourths place) dodges with the bell in thirds place, then the second time the whole Hunt comes before the bells (from that place) there is made the first bob-change of a double bob, the second bob-change being made the next time the whole Hunt leads after. When the whole Hunt and half Hunt, do lie together before the bells, and the quarter Hunt (lying in fifths place) dodges with the bell in tenors place, then the second time the whole Hunt leads (from that place) is made a single bob.
There are two single changes in the Seven-hundred and twenty, the first single change in any Peal may be made at the first, second, or third single bobs, at which places it must be made between the 2 hindmost bells; or the first single change may be made the next time the whole Hunt leads after the first, second, or third single bobs, at which places 'tis alwayesmade between the two hindmost bells. The first single change may also be made the next time the whole Hunt leads after the last bob-change of the first, second, or third double bobs, where it must alwayes be made in third and fourths places. But in some few Peals it happens, that the bells will come round at the fore-stroke the next time the whole Hunt leads after the third single bob, and also after the last bob-change of the third double bob, which falls out according as the first bob-change in each Peal is made, either nearer the beginning, or farther off.
The second single change (in every Peal) must be made Eighteen-score changes from the first, in making of which, these Rules must be observed.
If the first single change is made at a single bob, then the second single change must be made at the third single bob from the place where the first was made. Or if the first single change is made the next time the whole Hunt leads after a single bob, then the second single change must be made the next time the whole Hunt leads after the third single bob, accounting from the place where the first single change was made. And the same Rule is observed in making it after a double bob.
The second single change in every Peal must be made in the same place, and between those two bells which made the first single change: But (in Ringing this Peal) if you make no single change, the bells will in course come round at the end of Eighteen-score changes.
The way to begin several of these Peals, is as follows.
In Ringing treble, third, and fifth; and second, third, and fifth; and also third, fifth, and second; the first change is treble, and the next double, and so forward in the common course of trebles and doubles, until the first Bob in each comes to be made. In treble, second and third, the first changes are treble and double in the common course; and the second time the treble leads, there's a double Bob. In treble, tenor and second, the first changes are treble and double in the common course; and the second time the treble leads, there's a single Bob. In treble, second and fifth, the first change is a dodge between the four hindmost Bells; and the second time the treble leads, there's a single Bob. In second, fourth and tenor, the first change is made between the 4 Bells in the midst. In treble, second and fourth, the first change is a dodge behind; and the second time the treble leads, there's a double Bob.
There are 40320 several changes on 8 bells, which to Ring it is altogether impossible; the greatest Peal that ever was Rang on 8 Bells, is 1680, being only a third part of the changes on seven Bells, which are to be Rang with a whole Hunt, half Hunt, quarter Hunt, half quarter Hunt (for so you may term it) and three extream Bells: But the most complete and musical Peal that ever was Rang on eight Bells, is Grandsire Bob, treble, second and fifth, Half-pulls, on 1.2.3.5.6.7. the fourth and the tenor lying behind every change, thus, 123567,48. which has of late been practisedby theColledge-Youths, and excellently well performed by them. Grandsire, and Tendring Six-score on eight Bells makes good Musick, 7.4.8. lying behind every change: And a Six-score (four extreams) on the six Bells in the midst, the treble leading all the way, and the tenor lying behind, making a change at first between the 4 and 5, and then proceeds forwards in the Six-score, making the second the whole Hunt, and the seventh the half Hunt, it makes excellent Musick; but after the Six-score changes are made, the fourth and fifth must change their places again to bring the Bells round.
35678,24112357,86412357,46812357,64812356,74834567,21845678,32112368,574
The most musical Peals that are commonly Rang on eight Bells, are these Six-scores on five, the other three Bells lying behind every change: For example, the uppermost fig. are 35678,241. here the 35678, makes the Six-score changes, 3 the whole hunt, and 8 the half Hunt, or any others, and 241. strikes behind every change, in the same order as they now lie, and so of the rest. The three Bells which are to lie behind, must first be hunted up one after the other in order, before any of the Six-score changes are made. The Seven-score and four on the six middle Bells, the treble leading, and the tenor lying behind every change, makes good Musick.
First, for the Stock, much need not be said, but of placing the Cannons or Crown ofthe Bell into it, which is calledHanging of a Bell, I shall speak something: First, find out whether the Cannons be upright and true, then raise the Bell up by some Rope tyed to the Cannons, and so that the Bell hang level, which you may find, by applying a Plumet to the brim, then fasten a string to the Crown-staple within the Bell, then (a Plumet being tyed to the other end of the string) if the string hang in the midst between the two sides of the Bell whereon the Clapper should strike, the Crown-staple is cast into the Bell true: Now when you have hung the Bell, and let the Gudgeons in true by Keys (for therein consists the main point of the going of a Bell) then if the Clapper hang in the midst between the two striking sides, and the Stock stand upright, the Bell is well hung.
If a Bell have a longer stroke on the one side, than the other, truss up that side which hath the short stroke more, or let the other side down, and put a piece or two of Leather in, according to the stroke; but sometimes the fault of the stroke is in the Sally, which you may remedy, by tying the Fillet (or little Cord about the rim of the Wheel, which causeth the dancing of the Rope) nearer, or farther off the main Spoke; nearer makes a short stroke, farther off the Spoke, a long one.
And observe, that the trussing or taking up of a great Bell far into the Stock by a notch, makes the Bell go easier, and lie lighter at hand (that is) when it is set, for the farther the brim of the Bell is from thecentreof gravity, theheavier it is: Now the centreof gravityis a supposed line drawn through the Stock from one Gudgeon to the other; but note, if you truss a Bell up, that the Crown-staple be much above the Gudgeons, you must fasten a false Eye to the Crown-staple, and to this false Eye hang the Clapper, otherwise it will not strike so freely: Now small Bells must be trussed up short, for else the Bell hanging low, and fetching a great Compass in the swing, and having but little Compass in the brim, the Clapper keeps along by the side of the Bell, and gives no blow at all; but being hung short, the Bell fetches a quick and short Compass, equal to the bigness of the brim, and the Clapper strikes well.
Now for the tempering of the Gudgeons, I leave it to the judgment of the Workman; but a word or two of the polishing of it. After it is filed, or turned exactly round, take two pieces of Oak, and oyl one side of each, and strew fine Sand thereon, and clap them in a Smiths Vice, with the round of the Gudgeon between, then turn it about, until you think it is sufficiently polished, then oyl the sides of the pieces of Oak wherein there is no Sand, and so clap them in a Vice, with the Gudgeon between, as before, then turn it round, and it will polish the Gudgeon wonderful smooth; and if the Brasses are likewise well polished, the Bell will go as well at the first, as ever: Now by the neglect of this, the roughness of the Gudgeon will wear the Brasses so unequally, that the Bell will never go smooth and steddy.
Now I would advise all Bell hangers to hang Bells with bolts of Iron to come fromthe Cannons through the Stock, and to fasten them with Keys at the top of the Stock, and not with plates nailed on the sides; for they are mighty inconvenient to fasten a bell that is loose in the Stock, or to alter the stroke.
As for the Rowle, let it not be without, nor within the hollow of the side of the Wheel; nor above, nor below the hollow at the bottom of the Wheel. Now the bigger a Wheel is, if the Frame will permit, the bell will go the better; when the wheel is new, nail Stays from the Stock to each Spoke, to keep it from warping.
'Tis very convenient (if the Frame will permit) to fasten a piece of Timber about half a foot long on the end of the main Spoke at the top of the Wheel (whereon the end of the bell-rope is fastned) with a notch on the end of it; so at the setting of the bell, the Rope will hit into that notch from the Rowle, and this will make the bell lie easier at hand when it is set, and flie better.
FINIS.