Nola, a little bell.
Nola, a little bell.
Nola, a little bell.
(Plate LXVII.)Nolanea pascua.About natural size.
(Plate LXVII.)
Nolanea pascua.About natural size.
Nolanea pascua.About natural size.
Nolanea pascua.About natural size.
Rosy-spored.Stemtubed, the tube more rarely stuffed with a pith,cartilaginous.Pileussomewhat membranaceous,bell-shaped, somewhat papillate, striate and sometimes even, sometimes also clothed with flocci,margin straight and at the first pressed to the stem, and not involute.Gillsfree or adfixed, and not decurrent.Fries.
Nolanea agrees with Leptonia and Eccilia among the pink-spored species. It corresponds with Mycena, Galera and Psathyra. Several Entolomata are nearly allied. The species are thin and slender, commonly inodorous and fragile, though some of them are tough. Growing on the ground in summer and autumn.Stevenson.
Seven American species reported. None seen by writer.Peck, Rep. 24, 26, 35, 39, 50.
Gr—I hollow out.
Gr—I hollow out.
Gr—I hollow out.
(Plate LXVIII.)Eccilia atropuncta.Two-thirds natural size.
(Plate LXVIII.)
Eccilia atropuncta.Two-thirds natural size.
Eccilia atropuncta.Two-thirds natural size.
Eccilia atropuncta.Two-thirds natural size.
Stemcartilaginous, tubular (the tube hollow or stuffed), expanded upward into thepileus, which is somewhat membranaceous and at the first turned inward at the margin.Gillsattenuated behind, truly decurrent, becoming more so when the pileus is depressed, and not separating as those of Nolanea.
Corresponding in structure with Omphalia of the white-spored and Tubaria of the brown-spored series. Allied to Clitopilus in the decurrent gills, but separated by the cartilaginous, smooth stem.
(Plate LXIX.)Eccilia carneo-grisea.Natural size.Eccilia atropuncta.
(Plate LXIX.)
Eccilia carneo-grisea.Natural size.Eccilia atropuncta.
Eccilia carneo-grisea.Natural size.Eccilia atropuncta.
Eccilia carneo-grisea.Natural size.Eccilia atropuncta.
E. car´neo-gri´seaB. and Br.—caro, flesh;griseus, gray.Pileusabout 1 in. broad, gray flesh-color, umbilicate, striate, delicately dotted, margin slightly glittering with dark particles.Stemabout 1½ in. long, slender, fibrous-hollow upward, wavy, of the same color as the pileus, shining, smooth, white-downy at the base.Gillsadnato-decurrent, somewhat undulated, distant, rosy, the irregular margin darker.Stevenson.
Sporesirregularly oblong, rough, 7×5µMassee.
Nova Scotia,Dr. Somers.
New Jersey,E.B. Sterling, August, 1897; Eagle’s Mere, Pa., common under pines,McIlvaine.
This neat little species is sweet and pleasant raw, and when cooked makes an agreeable dish. European authorities give the taste as unpleasant, but there is nothing of the sort about the American representative.
Claudus—lame;pous—a foot.
Claudus—lame;pous—a foot.
Claudus—lame;pous—a foot.
(Plate LXX.)Claudopus variabilis.Natural size.
(Plate LXX.)
Claudopus variabilis.Natural size.
Claudopus variabilis.Natural size.
Claudopus variabilis.Natural size.
Pileuseccentric, lateral or resupinate.Sporespinkish.
The species of this genus were formerly distributed among the Pleuroti and Crepidoti, which they resemble in all respects except the color of the spores. The genus at first was made to include species with lilac-colored as well as pink spores, but Professor Fries limited it to species with pink spores. In this sense we have taken it. The spores in some species are even, in others rough or angulated. The stem is either entirely wanting or is very short and inconspicuous, a character indicated by the generic name. The pileus often rests upon its back and is attached by a point when young, but it becomes turned backward with age. The species are few and infrequent. All inhabit decaying wood.
C. ni´dulansPers.—nidus, a nest.Pileus1–3 in. broad, stemless, attached by the pileus or rarely narrowed behind into a short stem-like base, caps often overlapping one another, suborbicular or kidney-shaped,downy, somewhat pointed-hairy or scaly-hairy toward the margin,yellow or buff color, the margin at first turned inward.Lamellærather broad, moderately close or subdistant,orange-yellow.Sporeseven, slightly curved, 6–8µ long, about half as broad, delicate pink.
Decaying wood. Sandlake. Catskill and Adirondack mountains. Autumn.
This fungus was placed by Fries among the Pleuroti, and in this he has been followed by most authors. But the spores have a delicate pink color closely resembling that of the young lamellæ of the common mushroom, Agaricus campestris. We have, therefore, placed it among the Claudopodes, where Fries himself has suggested it should be placed if removed at all from Pleurotus. Our plant has sometimes been referred to Panus dorsalis Bosc., but with the description of that species it does not well agree. The tawny-color, spoon-shaped pileus, pale floccose scales, short lateral stem and decurrent lamellæ ascribed to that species are not well shown by our plant. The substance of the pileus, though rather tenacious and persistent, can scarcely be called leathery. The flesh is white or pale yellow. The hairy down of the pileus is often matted in small tufts and intermingled with coarse hairs, especially toward the margin. This gives a scaly or pointed-hairy appearance. The color of the pileus is often paler toward the base than it is on the margin.Peck, 39th Rep. N.Y. State Bot.
Mt. Gretna, Pa., November, 1898, decaying stumps.McIlvaine.
An autumnal species growing upon wood. Not common.
The light yellow tomentosity of the cap arranges itself into shapes as fascinating as crystals of snow.
Taste pleasant, mild. Texture more solid than P. ostreatus, consequently tougher. It is edible but not desirable. Must be chopped fine and cooked well.
Grouped by F.D. Briscoe—Studies by C. McIlvaine.Plate LXXI.Fig.Page.Fig.Page.1.Hebeloma glutinosum,2833.Pholiota squarrosa,2732.Pholiota caperata,2704.Pholiota subsquarrosa,275
Grouped by F.D. Briscoe—Studies by C. McIlvaine.Plate LXXI.
Grouped by F.D. Briscoe—Studies by C. McIlvaine.Plate LXXI.
Grouped by F.D. Briscoe—Studies by C. McIlvaine.Plate LXXI.
PlateLXXIa.Chart of genera in brown-spored series—Ochrosporae.
PlateLXXIa.Chart of genera in brown-spored series—Ochrosporae.
PlateLXXIa.Chart of genera in brown-spored series—Ochrosporae.
PlateLXXIa.Chart of genera in brown-spored series—Ochrosporae.
Ochrosporæ, third in color series, ranges in spore color from dull ochraceous, through bright ocher, to rusty orange and ferruginous or iron-rust. The various shades will tax even a color expert.
There are no species in the series corresponding to Amanitæ. In Acetabularia there is a cup-like volva; in Pholiota there is a distinct interwoven ring on the stem; in Cortinarius the secondary veil is like a cobweb, and may form an imperfect zone around the stem, or hang as fibers from the margin of the cap; Pluteolus exactly resembles Pluteus.
There are many edible species of good quality in the series. None are known to be poisonous. The substance, as a rule, is tougher than in most of the preceding genera, and in many instances has a strong woody flavor. Several species are late growers, and are among the best of fungi. Notably in Pholiota.
Acetabulum, a vinegar-cup. From the cup-like volva.
Acetabulum, a vinegar-cup. From the cup-like volva.
Acetabulum, a vinegar-cup. From the cup-like volva.
Universal veil distinct from the pileus; hymenophore distinct; gills free; spores pallid, tawny or brown.
Analogous to Volvaria and Chitonia.
No American species reported.
Gr—a scale.
Gr—a scale.
Gr—a scale.
Pileusmore or less fleshy.Gillsadnate, with or without a decurrent tooth, tawny or rust colored at maturity from the spores.Fleshof stem continuous with that of the pileus.Ringdistinct, interwoven.Sporessepia-brown, bright yellowish-brown or light red.
Generally on wood, sometimes on the ground in damp moss, frequently densely cespitose. Some of the species are large and bright colored. Distinguished from all other genera of the brown-spored series by the possession of a distinct ring. In Cortinarius the veil and ring are web-like.
Stevenson notes in his description of the genus: “None are to be commended as edible.†My investigation shows that there are several delicious species, notably P. squarrosa and subsquarrosa. Their lateness and plentifulness make them valuable food fungi. I have nothing but praise for the entire genus.
ANALYSIS OF TRIBES.
ANALYSIS OF TRIBES.
ANALYSIS OF TRIBES.
A.Humigeni(humus, ground;gigno, to bear). Page270.
A.Humigeni(humus, ground;gigno, to bear). Page270.
A.Humigeni(humus, ground;gigno, to bear). Page270.
On the ground, rarely cespitose.
*Eudermini.Gr—well;dermini, the brown-spored series.
Spores ferruginous.
**Phæoti.Gr—dusky.
Spores dusky rust-colored.
B.Truncigeni(truncus, a trunk;gigno, to bear). Page 273.
B.Truncigeni(truncus, a trunk;gigno, to bear). Page 273.
B.Truncigeni(truncus, a trunk;gigno, to bear). Page 273.
On wood; subcespitose.
* Ægeritini.P. ægerita, the type of the section.
Pileus naked, not scaly, sometimes cracked. Gills pallid, then reddish or dusky. None known to be edible.
**Squamosi—squama, a scale.
Pileus scaly, not hygrophanous. Gills becoming discolored.
* Gills not becoming purely rust-colored.
**Gills yellow, then rust-color or tawny.
***Hygrophani.Gr—moist; to appear.
Gills cinnamon, not at first yellow.
C.Muscigeni(muscus, moss;gigno, to bear).
C.Muscigeni(muscus, moss;gigno, to bear).
C.Muscigeni(muscus, moss;gigno, to bear).
Hygrophanous. Like Galera with a ring.
* Eudermini.Spores ferruginous.
* Eudermini.Spores ferruginous.
* Eudermini.Spores ferruginous.
P. capera´taPers.—capero, to wrinkle. (PlateLXXI, fig. 2, page 268.)Pileus3–5 in. broad, more or less intensely yellow, fleshy, but thin in proportion to its size and robust stem, ovate then expanded, obtuse, viscid only when moist and not truly so, even at the disk, wrinkled in pits at the sides,incrusted with white superficial flocci.Stem4–6 in. long, more than 1 in. thick, solid, stout, cylindrical with exception of the base which is often tuberous, shining white,scaly above the ring, which is membranaceous, reflexo-pendulous, and broken into squamules at the apex.Gillsadnate, crowded, thin, somewhat serrated,clay-cinnamon.
When young the pileus is incrusted with the veil or with white mealy-floccose soft, hairy down, which is crowded on the even disk and scaly towards the thin pitted-furrowed margin; and as this separates the pileus is naked. Veil universal, floccoso-mealy, at the first cohering in the form of a volva but not continuous; in rainy weather remaining in the form of a volva at the base.Sporesdark ferruginous on a white ground, paler on a black ground. There is a smaller form (A. macropus Pers.) in pine woods, pileus even and paler.Stem3 in. long, and without a tuberous base.Ringoblique and often incomplete.Stev.
Spores10µB. and Br.; 12×4µW.P.; spheroid-ellipsoid, uniguttate, 11–12×8–9µK.; 12×4.5µMassee.
Not previously reported.
This fungus occurs sparingly in rich woods near Boston. It is much esteemed in Germany, and eagerly sought by the common people, who call it familiarly the “Zigeuner†(Gypsy). Boston Myc. Club Bull. 1896.
I have found this species in but one place—on the south hill of the great Chester valley, Pa., where it grows plentifully in woods. The taste raw was slightly acrid, but when cooked this disappeared. Many ate of the species and enjoyed it.
P. togula´risBull.—togula, a little cloak. From the ample ring.Pileus1½ in. broad,pallid ochraceous, fleshy, soft, bell-shaped then expanded, obtuse, orbicular,without striæ, smooth.Fleshthin, soft, becoming yellow.Stem3–4 in. long, 2 lines thick, tubed, rigid, equal, cylindrical, rough with stiff fibers, naked and becoming yellow at the apex, becoming dingy brown downward.Ringmedial, more than 1 in. distant, entire, spreading-reflexed.Gillsadnato-separating, ventricose, crowded, narrowed in front, becoming yellow, at length pale rust-color, never becoming dingy brown.
Protean, slender, very variable in stature, growing in troops.b.More slender, but densely gregarious, with the wholly pallid smooth stem thinner, often flexuous. This form is exactly A. mesodactylus Berk.c.Very small. Pileus 1 in.Stem1 in. or a little more, scarcely 1 line thick, very flexuous, becoming rust-color.Stevenson.
Sporeselliptical, 8×3.5µMassee.
New Jersey, on decayed chips mixed with dirt. May, 1898.E.B. Sterling.
Not previously reported.
The specimens sent were tested and found to be of good quality.
** Phæ´oti.Spores fuscous—ferruginous (dingy rust-color).
** Phæ´oti.Spores fuscous—ferruginous (dingy rust-color).
** Phæ´oti.Spores fuscous—ferruginous (dingy rust-color).
P. du´raBolt.—durus, hard.Pileus3 in. and more broad, tawny, tan-color, becoming dingy brown, fleshy,somewhat compact, convexo-plane, obtuse, smooth,then cracked into patches, margin even.Stemcommonly curt, 2 in. long, about ½ in. thick,stuffed, even solid, hard, becoming silky-even, then longitudinally cracked when dry, thickened at theapex, mealyand more than usually widened into the pileus, varying ventricose and irregularly-shaped.Ringtorn.Gillsadnate, striato-decurrent with a tooth, ventricose, ½ in. broad,livid then dingy rust-color.
The stem is abundantly furnished with fibrillose rootlets at the base. Although very closely allied to A. præcox, it is readily distinguished by its rust-color or brown-rust spores.Stevenson.
Spores9×5µW.G.S.; 8–9×5–6µMassee.
Haddonfield, N.J. June to October. Florist’s garden,McIlvaine.
After rains P. dura appears, solitary, from spring to autumn. Thecracked cap, in mature specimens, distinguishes it from other species found on its habitat. It varies in size from 1½ in. up to 4 in. across. The caps are excellent.
(Plate LXXII.)Pholiota præcox.After Peck.
(Plate LXXII.)
Pholiota præcox.After Peck.
Pholiota præcox.After Peck.
Pholiota præcox.After Peck.
P. præ´coxPers.—præcox, early.Pileus1–2 in. broad, convex or nearly plane, soft, nearly or quite glabrous, whitish, more or less tinged with yellow or tan-color.Gillsclose, adnexed, at first whitish, then brownish or rusty-brownish.Stem1.5–3 in. long, 2–2.5 lines thick, rather slender, mealy or glabrous, stuffed or hollow, whitish.Sporeselliptical, rusty-brown, 10–13×6–8µ.
The Early Pholiota is a small but variable species. From other similarly colored species that appear in grassy ground early in the season, the collar on the stem will generally distinguish it. Its cap is usually convex when young but nearly flat in the mature plant. It is rather pale in color but not a clear white, being tinted with yellow or pale tan-colored hues. The gills are whitish when the cap first opens, but they soon change to a rusty-brown hue in consequence of the ripening of the spores. They are excavated at the inner extremity and slightly attached to the stem. They are ventricose when the cap is fully expanded. The stem is rather slender, nearly or quite straight and soon smooth and hollow. It is pale or whitish, and usually furnished with a small collar. Sometimes the collar is slight and disappears with age and sometimes the fragments of the veil remain attached to the margin of the cap leaving nothing for a collar.
The plants usually grow in grassy ground, lawns and gardens, and appear from May to July.
Var.minorBatt. is a small form having the cap only about 1 in. broad and the remnants of the veil adherent to the margin of the cap. It is represented by figures 6 to 12.
Var.sylvestrisPk. has the center of the cap brownish or rusty-brown, and grows in thin woods.Peck, 49th Rep. N.Y. State Bot.
Sporesinclining to fuscous, spheroid-ellipsoid, 8–13×5–7µK.; 8×6µW.G.S.; 8–13×6–7µMassee.
West Virginia, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, May to August. On rich ground, lawns, gardens, etc.McIlvaine.
Coming as it does in early spring, it is a prized species wherever found.
The caps only are good.
** Squamosi.Scaly.
** Squamosi.Scaly.
** Squamosi.Scaly.
(Plate LXXIII.)Pholiota squarrosa.One-half natural size.
(Plate LXXIII.)
Pholiota squarrosa.One-half natural size.
Pholiota squarrosa.One-half natural size.
Pholiota squarrosa.One-half natural size.
P. squarro´saMull.—squarrosus, scurfy. (PlateLXXI, fig. 3, page 268.)Pileus3–5 in. broad, saffron-rust-color, scaly withinnate, crowded, revolute, darker(becoming dingy brown), persistentscales, fleshy, convex bell-shaped then flattened, commonly obtusely umbonate or gibbous, dry.Fleshlight-yellow, compact when young, sometimes thin.Stemscurt when young, as much as 8 in. long when full-grown, as much as 1 in. thick at the apex, remarkably attenuated downwards, stuffed, scaly as far as the ring with crowded, revolute, darker scales.Ringonly slightly distant from the apex, rarely membranaceous, entire or often slashed, generally floccoso-radiate, of the same color as the scales.Gillsadnate with a decurrent tooth, crowded, narrow,pallid-olivaceousthen rust-color.
Sporesferruginous. Very cespitose, forming large heaps. Stems commonly cohering at the base, varying very much in stature in thesame cluster; varying also much thinner, scarcely ever curved-ascending. Odor heavy, stinking; sometimes, however, obsolete.Stevenson.
Sporesellipsoid, 7–8x4–5µK.; 4x5µW.G.S.; 8x4µMassee.
On trunks of trees, on and near stumps, etc. Common. August to December.
West Virginia, 1881–1885, New Jersey, Pennsylvania. On rotten wood and stumps. August to long after frost.McIlvaine.
Edible.Curtis.
The American species, as I have repeatedly found it, is not so large as given in the European description, and the habitat is more closely confined to the trunks of standing trees and stumps not much decayed. It is a showy species, to be seen from afar off, especially after the leaves fall. Taste when young, raw, is sweet, mealy; when mature, like stale lard.
Cooked, the caps are of good substance and flavor. One of the very best.
P. squarrosoi´desPk.—squarrosus, scurfy;eidos, form.Pileusfirm, convex, viscid when moist, at first densely covered by erect papillose or subspinose tawny scales, which soon separate from each other, revealing the whitish color and viscid character of the pileus.Lamellæclose, emarginate, at first whitish, then pallid or dull cinnamon color.Stemequal, firm, stuffed, rough with thick squarrose scales, white above the thick floccose ring, pallid or tawny below.Sporesminute, elliptical, 5×4µ.
Densely cespitose, 3–6 in. high.Pileus2–4 in. broad.Stem3–5 lines thick.
Dead trunks and old stumps of maple. Adirondack and Catskill mountains. Autumn.
This is evidently closely related to A. squarrosus, with which it has, perhaps, been confused, but its different colors and viscid pileus appear to warrant its separation.Peck, 31st Rep. N.Y. State Bot.
Occurred in large clusters on sugar maples at Eagle’s Mere in October, and on stumps at Mt. Gretna. It very closely resembles P. squarrosa. Its caps are of the very best.
P. subsquarro´saFr.—sub, under;squarrosus, scurfy. (PlateLXXI, fig. 4, p. 268.)Pileus2 in. and more broad,brown rust-color, with darker,adpressed, floccosescales, fleshy, convex, obtuse or gibbous, viscid.Stem3 in. long, 4–5 lines thick, stuffed (often hollow when old), equal, yellow-rust-color, clothed with darker scales which are adpressed, or spreading only at the apex, not rough, furnished with an annular zone at the apex, becoming yellow-rust-color within.Gillsdeeply sinuate, emarginate,almost free, arcuate, crowded, at first pale then dingy yellow.
Sporesrust-color. The pileus is viscid, but not glutinous like that of A. adiposus. It holds a doubtful place between A. aurivellus and A. squarrosus, departing from both, however, in the gills being at the first yellow; and from A. squarrosus, to which it is more like, in the gills being emarginato-free, not decurrent. Somewhat cespitose. Almost inodorous.Fries.
Sporesferruginous, size not stated.
West Philadelphia, Mt. Gretna, Pa., Haddonfield, N.J. September until after frosts.McIlvaine.
Not previously reported.
The maple trees in West Philadelphia frequently show large clusters of it up to twenty feet from ground; to be seen from afar after the leaves have fallen. Our American species differs somewhat from the European. American species:
Pileus1–3 in. across, fleshy, convex,very viscid, rich brownish-yellow, covered with darker adpressed floccose scales.Fleshslightly yellow.Gillswhite when very young slightly emarginate, adnexed, crowded, ¼ in. broad, brown.Stem2–3 in. long, ½ in. thick, equal or tapering toward base, stuffed, then hollow, covered with squamose scales as far up as the slight ring, smooth above ring.Ringmembranaceous, slight.
Sporesrust-color.
The species is variable and differs greatly in youth and maturity.
The caps, fried in hot buttered pan, are unexcelled.
Equally fine in croquettes and patties.
**Gills yellow, then rust-color.
**Gills yellow, then rust-color.
**Gills yellow, then rust-color.
(Plate LXXIV.)Pholiota adiposa.About natural size.
(Plate LXXIV.)
Pholiota adiposa.About natural size.
Pholiota adiposa.About natural size.
Pholiota adiposa.About natural size.
P. adipo´saFr.—adeps, fat.Pileusfleshy, firm, at first hemispherical or subconical, then convex, very viscid or glutinous when moist, scaly, yellow.Fleshwhitish.Gillsclose, adnate, yellowish becoming rust-color with age.Stemequal or slightly thickened at the base, scaly below the slight radiating floccose ring, solid or stuffed, yellow, generally rust-color at the base.Sporeselliptical, 7.6×5µ.
The Fat pholiota is a showy species. Its tufted mode of growth, rather large size, yellow color and rusty-brown scales make it a noticeable object. The stem is somewhat and the cap very viscid when moist, and this viscidity when dry gives it a shining appearance. The scales of the cap become erect or reflexed and sometimes appear blackish at the tips. They sometimes disappear with age. The flesh is firm and white or whitish. The gills when young are yellow or pale-yellow, but when mature they assume a ferruginous or rusty color like that of the spores. The stem is similar in color to the cap, but paler or nearly white at the top and usually reddish-brown or rusty-brown at the base. The collar is slight and often scarcely noticeable in mature specimens.
TheCapis 2–4 in. broad, theStem2–4 in. long and 4–6 lines thick. The plants commonly grow in tufts on stumps or dead trunks of deciduous trees in or near woods. They may be found from September to November. It is well to peel the caps before cooking. This species is not classed as edible by European authors, but I find its flavor agreeable and its substance digestible and harmless.Peck, 49th Rep. N.Y. State Bot.
Spores8×5µW.G.S.; elliptical, ferruginous, 7×3µMassee.
Mt. Gretna, Pa. October until after frost. About trees and stumps and on logs.McIlvaine.
P. adiposa yields a substantial substance of good flavor.
P. flam´mansFr.—flamma, flame.Pileus2–4 in. broad, yellow-tawny, fleshy, convex then plane, somewhat umbonate,absolutely dry, sprinkled withsuperficial, pilose, somewhat concentric,palerorsulphur-yellow, roughor curlyscales; margin at first inflexed, then spread when larger.Fleshthin,light yellow.Stem3 in. long, 2–3 lines thick, stuffed thenhollow, equal, most frequently flexuous,very light yellow as are also the crowded rough scales.Ringmembranaceous, entire, not far removed from the pileus, of the same color.Gillsadnateand without a tooth, somewhat thin, crowded, at the firstbright sulphur-yellow, at length rust-color, edge quite entire.
Pileus by no means hygrophanous. It is distinguished from all others by thesulphur-yellow scales on the tawny pileus. Forming small clusters. Inodorous. The ring is sometimes only indicated by an annular zone.Fries.
Sporesellipsoid, 4×2µK.; ellipsoid, 3–4×2–2.5µC.B.P.; 4×2µW.P.; 8×4µMassee.
Quite plentiful in the New Jersey pines, from October until after heavy frosts. Caps seldom over 3 in. across. Solitary, and in clusters of not over half a dozen.
The caps fried are delicious.
P. luteofo´liaPk.—luteus, yellow;folium, a leaf.Pileusfirm, convex, dry, scaly, fibrillose on the margin, pale-red or yellowish.Lamellæbroad, subdistant, emarginate, serrate on the edge, yellow, becoming bright rust-color.Stemfirm, fibrillose, solid, colored like the pileus, often curved from the place of growth.Ringobsolete.Sporesbright rust-color, 7×4µ.
Plantsubcespitose, 2–3 in. high.Pileus1–2 in. broad.Stem3–5 lines thick.
Trunks of birch trees. Forestburgh. September.
The general appearance of this plant is like A. variegatus or reddish forms of A. multipunctus. The reddish color appears sometimes to fade with age.Peck, 27th Rep. N.Y. State Bot.
Eagle’s Mere, Pa. In clusters, on birch trees. August, 1898.McIlvaine.
Grows in quantity in the birch forests. The caps are delicious.
P. ornel´laPk. (Agaricus ornellus Pk., 34 Rep., p. 42.)Pileusconvex or nearly plane, slightly squamose, reddish-brown tinged with purple, the margin paler, floccose-appendiculate.Gillsmoderately close, yellowish or pallid, becoming brown.Stemequal or slightly thickened upward, solid, squamulose, pale-yellow, sometimes expanded at the base into a brownish disk margined with yellowish filaments.Sporesbrown, elliptical, 6–7.5×4–5µ.
Plant1–2 in. high.Pileusabout 1 in. broad.Stem1 line to 1.5 lines thick.
Decaying wood. South Ballston, Saratoga county. October.
The scales of the pileus are sometimes arranged in concentric circles. The purplish tint is not always uniform, but in some instances forms spots or patches.Peck, 34th Rep. N.Y. State Bot.
Specimens, clustered, found by me on railroad ties at Haddonfield, N.J., September, 1897, had caps 1–1½ in. broad, of a dull green without tinge of purple; skin minutely cracked, showing the white flesh in the interstices; stem 1–2 in. long, 3–4 lines thick, slightly thickened upward, pale orange, solid, squamulose; ring floccose; taste when raw, slightly bitter. These were sent to Professor Peck who wrote: “Appears to be a form of P. ornella Pk., but it differs some in color, being more of a green hue than of purple or olivaceous. It is pretty and I would like to know more about it before deciding on it fully.â€
I have not since found it. Very palatable when cooked.
*** Hygrophani.Gills cinnamon, etc.
*** Hygrophani.Gills cinnamon, etc.
*** Hygrophani.Gills cinnamon, etc.
P. muta´bilisSchaeff.—changeable.Pileusabout 2 in. broad, cinnamon when moist, becoming pale when dry, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convex then flattened, commonly obtusely umbonate, sometimes depressed, even andsmooth, but when young occasionally scaly throughout.Stemabout 2–3 in. long, 2 lines and more thick,rigid, stuffed then hollow, equal or attenuated downward,scaly-rough as far as the ring, rust-color, blackishor umberdownward, often ascending or twisted.Ringmembranaceous, externally scaly.Gillsadnato-decurrent, crowded, rather broad, pallid then cinnamon.Stevenson.
Densely cespitose, variable in stature.
Sporesellipsoid-obovate, 6×11µW.G.S.; 7×4µW.P; 9–11×5–6µMassee; 11×7µMorgan.
Edible.Curtis.Considered excellent in Europe.
P. margina´taBatsch.—marginatus, margined.Pileus1 in. and more broad, honey-colored when moist, tan when dry, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse, even,smooth, margin striate.Stemabout 2 in. long, 1–2 lines thick,tubed, equal,fibrilloseor slightly striate,not scaly, of the same color as the pileus, but becoming dingy-brown, andcommonly white velvety at the base.Ring1–2 lines distant from the apex, often in the form of a cortina and fugacious.Gillsadnate, crowded, thin,narrow, at first pallid, then darker cinnamon.
It varies much, and is deceptive on account of the vanishing veil. In hedges there is a very small cespitose form with the pileus only ½ in. broad, and the stem tough and smooth, with exception of the remains of the fugacious cortina. There also occur on the ground among mosses smaller and paler forms, which must be carefully distinguished from A. unicolor, etc.Stevenson.
Spores7–8×4µMassee.
Haddonfield, N.J., November, December, 1896. In pine woods.McIlvaine.
The caps of this small Pholiota, seldom over 1 ½ in. across, can be gathered in goodly numbers where it frequents. They are of excellent quality.
P. dis´colorPk.—changing color.Pileusthin, convex, then expanded or slightly depressed, smooth, viscid, hygrophanous, watery-cinnamon and striatulate on the margin when moist; bright ochraceous-yellow when dry.Lamellæclose, narrow, pallid then pale rust-color.Stemequal, hollow, fibrillose-striate, pallid.Ringdistinct, persistent.Sporeselliptical, 7×5µ.
Plantsubcespitose, 2–3 in. high.Pileus8–16 lines broad.Stem1 line thick.
Old logs in woods. Greig. September.
The change of color from the moist to the dry state is very marked. This species resembles Agaricus autumnalis, in which the annulus is fugacious and the spores are longer. The edge of the gills in both is white-flocculose.Peck, 25th Rep. N.Y. State Bot.
Two forms of this species are found. One has a scattered form of growth, the other found on decaying wood of birch is cespitose. Thespecies is allied to P. marginata, from which it is readily distinguished by its viscid pileus.Peck, Rep. 44.
Var.discolor minorPk. Small. Pileus 6–10 lines broad, chestnut color when young or moist. Stem about 1 line thick, at first clothed with whitish fibrils.
Among mosses about or on the base of stumps. September.Peck, Rep. 46.
West Virginia. Eagle’s Mere, Mt. Gretna, Pa. August to frost. On decaying wood.McIlvaine.
This little Pholiota is abundant where it does grow. In the West Virginia forests I have seen logs with many tufts of it upon each. The caps are fairly good.
Gr—fiber;Gr—head.
Gr—fiber;Gr—head.
Gr—fiber;Gr—head.
(Plate LXXV.)Inocybe lanuginosa.One-fourth natural size.
(Plate LXXV.)
Inocybe lanuginosa.One-fourth natural size.
Inocybe lanuginosa.One-fourth natural size.
Inocybe lanuginosa.One-fourth natural size.
Universal veil somewhat fibrillose, concrete with the cuticle of the pileus, often free at the margin, in the form of a cortina.Gillssomewhat sinuate (but they occur also adnate and in two species decurrent), changing color, but not powdered with cinnamon.Sporesoften rough, but in others even, more or less brownish-rust color.
Inocybe (with Hebeloma) corresponds with Tricholoma. Inocybe and Hebeloma have some common features, but they are really very distinct. Inocybe is readily distinguished by the fibrillose covering of the pileus, which never has a distinct pellicle, by the veil which is continuous and homogeneous with the fibrils of the pileus, and by the rusty-brown spores. All grow on the ground. They are (mostly) strong-smelling (commonly nauseous). None are edible.Stevenson.
None reported as either edible or poisonous. Those I have tested are not pleasant.
Dim. ofpluteus, a shed.
Dim. ofpluteus, a shed.
Dim. ofpluteus, a shed.
Pileusconical or bell-shaped, then expanded, rather fleshy, viscid, margin at first straight and pressed to the stem.Gillsfree, rounded behind.Stemsomewhat cartilaginous, its substance different from that of the pileus.
Growing on wood.
Sporesrust or saffron color. Pluteus, the only genus having the same structure, is separated by its salmon-colored spores.