Polys´tichous(Gr—many, +—row, line), arranged in many rows.
Pore(porus, a pore), in Pyrenomycetes same as ostiole; in Hymenomycetes same as tubulus or tube, as the tubules of Polypores; also the mouth of a tubulus.
Po´riform(porus, a pore;forma, form), in the form of pores.
Po´rose,Po´rous(porosus, Porphyros´pore(Gr—purple, +—seed), a group of fungi having purple spores. Porrect´(porrectus, pp. ofporrigere, stretch out before, reach out, extend, Poste´rior(posterior, compar. ofposterus, coming after, etc.), denotes a position or
under side of the pileus adjacent to the stem; the end of a lamella next the stem
is the posterior end. Premorse´(premorsus, pp. ofpremordere, bite in front or at the end), having the
apex irregularly truncate as if bitten or broken off. Primor´dial(primordium, pl.primordia, origin, beginning), first formed; existing
from the beginning. Primor´dium(L.—commonly in pl.primordia, the beginnings, Primrose-Yellow(primulaceo-flavus), a very delicate pale-yellow, of a more creamy
tint than sulphur-yellow. (Pale cadmium + white.) Proc´ess, an outgrowth or projection from a surface. Procum´bent(procumben(t-)s, ppr. ofprocumbere, fall forward or prostrate, Projec´ting, the anterior end jutting out beyond the margin. Prolif´erous(proles, offspring;fero, to bear), applied to an organ which gives rise
to secondary ones of the same kind. Pro´tean(Gr—the name of a sea-god), exceedingly variable; changeable in form. Pro´teid, albuminoid. Proto-(Gr—first), an element in compound words of Greek origin meaning “first”
and denoting precedence in time, rank and degree. Protobasid´ium, basidium divided by transverse septa into four cells, each giving
rise to a spore from a laterally inserted sterigma, or a basidium divided longitudinally
by septa intersecting each other at right angles into four cells terminating
in a long, tubular sterigma. Pro´toplasm(Gr—first, + anything formed or molded), the nitrogenous fluid of
variable composition found in living cells; it is the vital substance into which all
food is assimilated, and from which all parts of the plant are formed. Prox´imal(proximus, nearest), pertaining to the base or extremity of attachment. Pru´inate,Pru´inose(as ifpruinatus,pruina, hoar-frost), covered with a bloom
or powder so as to appear as if frosted. Prun´iform(prunum, a plum;forma, form), plum-shaped. Pseudo(Gr—false, counterfeit, etc.), prefix signifying “false” or “spurious.” Pseudo-Paren´chyma, a fungus tissue formed of closely woven and felted hyphal
threads, which on section has the appearance of the cellular structure of true
parenchyma. Pubes´cence(pubescen(t-) + ce), general term to describe hairyness; specifically
covered with short, soft, downy hairs. Pubes´cent(pubes, of mature age), covered with soft, short hairs, downy; hairy. Pullula´tion(pullulare, pp.pullulatus, pullulate), a mode of cell multiplication in
which a cell forms a protuberance on one side which enlarges to size of parent
cell and is cut-off from it by a dividing wall; sprouting; budding. Pulvera´ceous,Pulver´ulent(pulvis(pulver), dust, powder), covered as if with
powder or dust. Pul´vinate(pulvinatus, Punc´tate(punctatus, Punc´tiform(punctum, point;forma, form), like a point or dot. Pus´tular,Pus´tulate(pustulatus, pp. ofpustulare, to blister, Putres´cent, soon decaying. Pyr´iform(pyrum, a pear;forma, form), pear-shaped. Quad-,Quadri-(quadru, four-cornered, square, fourfold, Quad´rate(quadratus, square, pp. ofquadrare, make four-cornered, square, Quater´nate(quaternatus, Ra´diate,Ra´diating(radiatus, pp. ofradiare, furnish with spokes, give out rays,
shine), arranged like the spokes of a wheel. Rad´icating(radicatus, pp. ofradicare, take root), rooting; having root-like strands
which penetrate the matrix. Rad´icle(radicula, dim. ofradix, a root), a rootlet. Ra´meal,Ra´meous(rameus, a branch), growing on twigs or branches. Ramic´ulous, growing on branches. Ram´ification(ramificare, ramify), branching, or the manner of branching. Ram´ify(ramus, a branch, +ficare, Ra´mose,Ra´mous(ramosus, full of branches), having many small branches. Recep´tacle,Receptac´ulum(receptaculum, place to receive things in), a part of
the mushroom extremely varied in form, consistency and size, enclosing the organs
of reproduction; usually implying a hollowed-out body containing other
bodies; same asStroma; same asSporophore; in Phalloids the stem, stem and
pileus, or the clathrate body which supports the gleba. Reflexed´,Reflec´ted(reflexus, pp. ofreflectere, reflect), turned or bent back. Remote´(remotus, pp.removere, remove), of gills which do not reach the stem, but
leave a free space between them and it. Ren´iform(ren, the kidney;forma, form), kidney-shaped. Repand´(repandus, bent backward), bent or turned up or back; having a slightly
undulating or sinuous margin. Rep´licate(replicatus, pp. ofreplicare, fold or bend back), folded back upon itself
as when the margin of a cup turns outward and downward. Resu´pinate(resupinatus, pp. ofresupinare, throw on the back), attached to the
matrix by the back, the hymenium facing outward; said of fungi spread over the
matrix without any stem and with the hymenium upwards. Retic´ulate,Re´tiform(reticulatus, Rev´olute(revolutus, pp. ofrevolvere, revolved), rolled backwards or upwards; of
the margin of a pileuse.g.the opposite of involute. Rhi´zines,Rhi´zoids(Gr—root, +), delicate filiform hyphal branches which serve
to attach the sporophore to the substratum and supply nourishment. Ri´mose,Ri´mous(rimosus,rima, a crack), cracked, full of clefts. Rhi´zomorphs(Gr—root, +L.—forma, form), long, branching or anastomosing,
rigid, root-like cords of mycelium with a dark or black exterior, often growing
between the bark and timber or about and penetrating the roots of dead and
living trees, produced by Agaricus melleus and various other fungi. Rhizomor´phoid(Gr—root, + form), root-like in form. Rhodospo´ræ(Gr—rose, + seed), rose or pink spores. Rim´ulose,Rim´ulous(rimula, a little crack), covered with small cracks. Rind, cortex; bark. Ring, a part of the veil adhering in the form of a ring to the stem of an agaric;
same as annulus. Ri´vose(rivus, a stream, channel, groove), marked with furrows which do not run
in parallel directions. Riv´ulose(rivulosus, Root´ing, same as radicating. Rosaceous(rosaceus,pallidoroseus,caryophyllaceus), a very pure purplish-pink
color, like some varieties of roses. Rose-Red(roseus,rosaceo-ruber), the purest possible purplish-red color. Ros´trate(rostratus, having a beak, hook or crooked point,rostrum, a beak),
beaked; having a process resembling the beak of a bird. Rotund´, round or nearly so. Rubes´cent(rubescents, ppr. ofrubescere, become red, Rubig´inous(rubiginosus, Rufes´cent(rufescere, to become reddish), tending to rufous or a dull red color. Ruf´fled, very strongly undulate. Ru´fous(rufus), a brownish-red color like the pigment called Venetian-red, light
red, Indian-red, red chalk, etc., which represents various shades of rufous. The
typical shade is light red. Ru´gose(rugosus, Ru´gulose(rugula, dim. ofruga, a wrinkle), minutely rugose. Run´cinate(runcina, a plane), irregularly saw-toothed, the divisions or teeth
hooked backward. Russet(russatus), a bright tawny-brown color with a tinge of rusty. Sab´uline,Sab´ulose(sabulum, sand, +ine), growing in sandy places. Sac´cate(saccus, a bag), in the form of a sack or pouch. Sac´charine(saccharon, sugar), of or resembling sugar, covered with shining grains
like those of sugar. Sac´cule,Sac´culus(sacculus, dim. ofsaccus, a bag), a small sack or pouch. Salmon-Color(salmonaceus) (carneus), a color intermediate between flesh color and
orange, like the flesh of the salmon. (Saturn red or orange chrome + white.) Sanguin´eous(sanguineus, of blood, bloody), blood-colored; of a deep, somewhat
brownish-red color; like the color of clotted blood. Sap´id(sapidus, having taste, savory, Saprog´enous(Gr—rotten, +Gr—producing), growing in decaying or decomposing
animal or vegetable matter. Sap´rophyte(Gr—rotten, +Gr—a plant), a plant that lives on decaying vegetable
or animal matter. Saprophyt´ic, living upon and deriving its sustenance from dead organic matter. Sca´brate,Sca´brous(scabrosus, Scalar´iform(scalaria, a flight of steps;forma, form), in the form of a ladder. Scaph´oid(Gr—like a bowl or boat, +Gr—form), boat-shaped. Sca´riose,Sca´rious(scariosus, fromscaria, a thorny shrub), thin, dry, membranaceous;
applied to a shriveled membrane. Scis´sile(scissilis, to cleave), capable of being easily split or cleft; said of gills
which can easily be split into two plates. Sclerit´ic,Scle´roid,Scle´rose,Scle´rosed(Gr—hard, rough, harsh), having a
hard texture. Sclero´tioid(Gr—hard, + resemblance), in the form of a sclerotium; a form assumed
by the mycelium of certain fungi. Sclero´tium(pl.Sclerotia) (Gr—hard), hard, black, compact, mostly tuber-like
body, which is the resting stage of certain fungi, as in Peziza tuberosa; it remains
dormant for a time and then sends up shoots, which develop into sporophores at
the expense of the reserve material. Scrobic´ulate(scrobiculatus, Scrupose, rough with small irregular prominences. Scu´tellate(scutellatus, Section, a cutting, cutting off, excision, amputation, etc. Semi-, prefix meaning “half” or “partial.” Sep´arable(separabilis, that can be separated, Sep´arating, becoming detached, as lamellæ from the stem, or resupinate fungi
from the matrix. Se´pia, a deep, dark-brown color, with a little red in its composition. The pigment
called sepia is a carbonaceous matter, prepared from the natural ink of a species
of cuttle-fish. Sep´tate(septum, a fence), having partitions. Sep´tum(pl.Septa) (septum, a fence), partition. Se´riate(seriatus, pp. ofseriare, arrange in a series), arranged in rows. Seric´eous(sericum, silk), silky. Ser´rate(serratus, saw-shaped), having marginal teeth shaped like saw teeth. Ser´rulate(serrulatus, Ses´sile(sessilis, Se´ta(pl.Se´tæ) (seta, a bristle), a stiff-bristle-like hair. Seta´ceous,Setig´erous,Se´tose(seta, bristle), beset with bristles. Se´tose(setosus, abounding in bristles), bristly. Set´ulose(setula+ose), finely setose; covered with setules. Sig´moid(Gr—of the shape of a sigma), said of an elongated spore having the ends
bent slightly in opposite directions; S-shaped. Simple, in botany not formed by a union of similar parts or groups of parts; a simple
stem or trunk is one not divided at the base. Sin´uate,Sin´uose,Sin´uous(sinuatus, pp.sinuare, Si´nus(sinus, the fold of a garment, a curve, hollow), a rounded inward curve between
two projecting lobes. Slate-Color(schistaceus), a dark gray or blackish gray color, less bluish in tint than
plumbeous or lead color. Smoke-Gray(fumidio-canus). (Black + white + raw umber.) Smooth, glabrous; applied to a surface which is destitute of hairs; a surface may be
uneven and yet smooth. Sor´did(sordidus, dirty, filthy, mean, Spadic´eous(spadiceus, Spath´ulate,Spat´ulate(spathula, dim. ofspatha, a broad, flat instrument for stirring
liquids), shaped like a spathula or spoon; oblong or rounded and flattened
at the top with a long, narrow, attenuate base. Spe´cies, an individual, or collectively those individuals which differ specifically
from all other members of a genus and which do not differ from each other except
within narrow limits of variability, and which produce by propagation other
individuals of the same kind. Specif´ic(species, kind, +ficus, Sphag´num(Gr—a kind of moss), peat or bog moss. Spher´ical,Sphe´roid, of the shape of a ball or globe or nearly so. Spic´ular,Spic´ulate,Spic´ulous(spicule+ ar), covered with spicules. Spic´ule(spicula, a little sharp point), in Hymenomycetes one of the small projections
on the basidia which bear the spores. Spin´ule(spinula, dim. ofspina, a thorn), a small spine or prickle. Sporan´giophore(sporangium +Gr—bear), special mycelial branch bearing a
sporangium. Sporan´gium(pl.Sporangia) (spora, a spore, +Gr—vessels), sac producing spores
endogenously. Spore(Gr—a sowing, seed time, seed, etc.), the reproductive body of cryptogams
analogous to the seed of phenogams; the terms spores, sporidia, sporules and
conidia have been applied somewhat indiscriminately to all spore bodies. Sporidif´era, a class of fungi in which the spores are enclosed in asci. Sporidif´erous,Sporidiif´erous(sporidium, +ferre, bear), bearing sporidia; applied
to a fungus of the class Sporidifera. Sporid´ium(pl.Sporid´ia) (dim. ofGr—spore), an ascospore or endospore. SeeSpore. Sporif´era, a class of fungi in which the spores are free, naked or soon exposed. Sporif´erous(spora, spore +ferre, bear), bearing spores; applied to a fungus of
the class Sporifera. Spo´rocarp(spora, spore, +Gr—fruit), in Ascomycetes the entire fruit, composed
of the ascophore and the asci. Sporog´enous(spora, spore, +Gr—producing), producing spores. Spo´rophore(spora, spore), branch or portion of thallus which bears spores or
spore-mother-cells; said to be simple or filamentous when consisting of a single
hypha or branch of a hypha; compound, when formed by the cohesion of the
ramifications of separate hyphal branches (the common mushroom is a compound
sporophore.) Sport, an animal or plant, or any part of one that varies suddenly or singularly
from the normal type of structure, and is usually of transient character or not
perpetuated; not so much deformed as “monster.” Spo´rule, see underSpore. Squa´ma(pl.Squa´mæ) (squama, a scale), a scale or scale-like appendage. Squa´mose,Squa´mous(squamosus, Squam´ula,Squam´ule(dim. ofsquama, a scale), a small squama. Squam´ulose(squamulosus, Squar´rose(squarrosus, scaly), rough with scales; roughened with projecting points. Stalk, stipe; any stem-like supporting organ. Stel´late(stellatus, pp. ofstellare, set or cover with stars, Sterig´ma(pl.Sterigmata) (Gr— a prop, support), stalk-like branch of a basidium
bearing a spore. Ster´ile, not fertile; producing no spores. Stipe(L.—a stock, trunk, post, etc.), stalk of a mushroom. Stip´itate(stipitatus, Sto´ma(pl.Sto´mata) (Gr—the mouth, opening, entrance, out-let, etc.), a mouth
or aperture; little orifices in the epidermis of leaves, etc., opening into air cavities
or intercellular spaces. Straight, applied to margin of pileus when not involute. Stramin´eous(stramineus, made of straw, Stra´tose(stratum, a layer), arranged in distinct layers or strata. Stra´tum(pl.Stra´ta) (L.—coverlet, bed, pavement, etc.), a layer. Straw-Color,Straw-Yellow(stramineus), a very light impure yellow, like cured
straw. Stri´a(pl.Stri´æ) (stria, a channel, furrow, hollow), parallel or radiating lines or
markings. Stri´ate(striatus, pp. ofstriare, Stri´gose(strigosus, Strobil´iform(strobilus+forma, form), resembling a pine cone. Stro´ma(pl.Stro´mata) (stroma, a covering, coverlet), a mass in which another
object is imbedded; a compact mass of mycelium in the form of a cushion, crust,
club or branched expansion upon or in which perithecia or other organs of fructification
are borne. Stuffed, of a stem filled with material of a different texture from its walls. Sub-(sub, under, before, near), prefixed signifies “somewhat,” “almost” or
“under.” Su´berized(suber, cork, + ized), transformed into suberin or cork. Sub-erose´(sub, under, +erosus, pp. oferodere, gnaw off or away, consume),
slightly erose; appearing as if eaten or gnawed on the margin. Su´berose(suber, cork), corky. Subgle´ba(sub, under;gleba, a clod), basal portion of the gleba. Subic´ulum(subiculum, an under layer), a more or less thin and dense felt of hyphæ
covering the matrix; upon its surface is spread the hymenium, or from it arise
stalks supporting sporophores. Substra´tum(substratum, neut. ofsubstratus, spread under), sometimes used in the
sense of matrix. Subterra´nean, under ground. Su´bulate,Su´buliform(subulatus, Suc´culent(succulentus, full of juice, sappy, Sul´cate(sulcatus, pp.sulcare, Sul´cus(pl.Sul´ci) (sulcus, a furrow, trench), groove or furrow. Sulphu´reous,Sulfu´reous(sulfureus,sulphureus, of or like sulphur, Sulphur Yellow(sulphureus), a very pale pure yellow color, less orange in tint
than dilute gamboge or lemon yellow. Super-,Supra-(super, over, above, beyond), prefix meaning “above” in position or
degree. Superfic´ial(superficialis, of or pertaining to the surface, situated on or close to
the surface. Supe´rior(superus, Supravenal(super, over, above;vena, vein), situated or occurring above veins. Sym´bion,Sym´biont(Gr—live together with), an organism which lives in a state
of symbiosis. Symbio´sis(Gr—a living together), the co-existence in more or less mutual interdependence
of two different organisms; mutualism; mutual parasitism; commensalism;consortism; with some authors commensalism implies an association less
necessary or mutually helpful than symbiosis. Symbiot´ic, living in that kind of consociation called symbiosis. Syn´onym(Gr—a word having the same name with another), a discarded name for
a species or genus; either of two or more names for the same species or genus. Synon´ymous, expressing the same idea; equivalent in meaning; having the character
of a synonym. Tape´sium(tapesium, tapestry, carpet), a carpet or layer of mycelium on which the
receptacle is situated. Tawny(fulvus,fulvescens,alutaceus), the color of tanned leather. (Nearly synonymous
with fulvous.) (Neutral orange + raw sienna.) Tawny Ochraceous(fulvo-ochraceus). (Yellow ocher + burnt sienna + raw umber.) Tawny Olive(fulvo-olivaceus). (Yellow ocher + raw umber.) Tena´ceous(tenax(tenac-), holding fast, Te´rete(teret, round, smooth), cylindrical or nearly so, having a circular, transverse
section; top-shaped. Terres´trial(terrestris, of or belonging to the earth + al), growing on the ground. Tes´selated(tessellatus, made of small square stones, checkered + ed), arranged in
small squares; checkered or reticulated in a regular manner. Testa´ceous(testaceus, consisting of tiles or sherds, Tetan´ic(tetanicus, affected with tetanus), pertaining to or characterized by tetanus;
tetanic spasm; tonic spasm of the voluntary muscles as seen in tetanus, strychnic
poisoning, etc. Tetra-(quatuor, four), prefix signifying “four.” Tet´raspore(Gr—four, + seed), four spores forming one. Thala´mium(Gr—inner chamber, bedroom, bed), synonym for hymenium. Thal´logen(Gr—a young shoot, +Gr—producing), same as thallophyte. Thal´lophyte(Gr—a young shoot, +Gr—a plant), one of the so-called “lower
cryptogams,” plants in which the vegetative body usually consists of a thallus. Thal´lus(Gr—a young shoot or twig), a vegetative body which is not differentiated
into a true root, stem and leaf, has no true vessels or woody fiber; in fungi it is
the whole body of the plant not serving directly as an organ of reproduction,i. e.:
mycelium, if any, and sporophore but not including the hymenial layer. The´ca(Gr—a case, box, receptacle, + put, place), a sac or case, generally used in
the sense of capsule. The´caspore, the spore thus enclosed by the wall of the sac; an ascospore. Tis´sue(texere, weave), the cellular fabric out of which plant structures are
built up. Toad´stool(toad + stool), a general name applicable to any form of visible fungus;
usually applied to fleshy fungi as distinguished from the molds, smuts, etc.
Mushroom is a name given to a few species of toadstools known to commerce,
and wrongly to other edible species, of which there are many. Tomen´tose,Tomentous(tomentum, wool, etc.), densely pubescent with matted wool
or tomentum. Tomen´tum(tomentum, a stuffing of wool, hair, feathers, etc.), a species of pubescence
consisting of longish, soft, entangled hairs pressed close to the surface. Torn, said of pores which are superficially rough and jagged as if torn. To´rose,Tor´ulose(torosus, full of muscle or flesh, Tor´sion(torquere, pp.tortus, twist, wring), the state of being twisted spirally. Tor´sive(torsus, pp.torquere, twist), spirally twisted. Tor´tuous, bending or turning in various directions. Tox´ic(toxicum, poison), poisonous. Tra´ma(trama, the weft or filling of a web), the substance proceeding from the
hymenophore, between the plates of (central in) the gills in Agarics, and between
the double membranes of which the dissepiments of the pores are composed
in Polyporei; the hyphal plates forming the walls of the chambers of the
gleba, in Gasteromycetes. Translu´cent(translucen(t)s, ppr. oftranslucere, shine across or through, Trans´verse(transversus, lying across), from side to side. Trem´elloid,Trem´ellose(tremo, to tremble), of a gelatinous or jelly-like consistency;
resembling Tremella. Tri-(tri, three), prefix signifying “three.” Tri´fid(trifidus, Triquet´rous(triquetrus, three-cornered, triangular), having three acute angles
with concave faces; triangular; applied to the vertical radial section of some
dimidiate pilei; three-edged. Trun´cate(truncatus, pp.truncare, cut off), ending abruptly as if cut short; cut
squarely off. Tu´bæform,Tu´biform(tuba, a tube;forma, form), trumpet-shaped, tubular. Tube,Tu´bule(tubus, a pipe, tube), in polypores, tube lined with hymenium; same
as pore. Tu´ber(tuber, a bump, swelling, knob on plant, etc.), fleshy body, usually of a
rounded or oblong form, produced on underground stems, as the potato or artichoke;
a genus of underground fungi. Tu´bercle(tuberculum, dim. oftuber, a swelling), a small, wart-like excrescence; a
small swelling. Tuber´cular,Tuber´culate,Tuber´culose(tuberculum, tubercle), having or covered
with tubercles; formed like or forming a tubercle. Tuber´culiform(tuberculum, tubercle, +forma, form), shaped like a tubercle. Tu´berous(tuberosus, full of lumps or protuberances, Tu´bular(tubulus, a small pipe), hollow and cylindrical. Tu´bulus(pl.Tubuli) (tubules, tube), same as tube; pore. Tu´mid(tumidus, swollen, swelling, Tur´binate(turbinatus, shaped like a top or cone), top-shaped; shape of an inverted
cone. Tur´gid(turgidus, swollen, Tur´gor(turgere, swell), the state of being turgid; a state of distension and tension
of plant cells and parts by reason of their fullness of liquid. Type, a perfect specimen or individual exemplifying the essential characters of the
species to which it belongs; the original specimen from which a species was
described. Typ´ical, agreeing closely with the characters assigned to a group or species. Ulig´inose,Ulig´inous(uliginosus, full of moisture, damp, Ul´timate(ultimatus, farthest, last, pp. ofultimare, come to an end, Um´ber,Um´brinous(umbra, shade, shadow), the color of the pigment called raw
umber. Umbil´icate(umbilicatus, Umbili´cus(umbilicus, navel), a navel-like depression. Umbo(boss of a shield), applied to the central elevation of the cap of some mushrooms. Um´bonate(umbonatus, Un´cinate(uncinatus, Un´dulate,Un´date(undatus, pp. ofundare, rise in waves, Une´qual, applied to gills when of unequal lengths; to a stem not of uniform thickness. Une´ven, said of surfaces that are irregular, striate, sulcate, etc. Un´gulate,Un´gulous(ungulatus, having claws or hoofs, Uni-, prefix signifying “one.” Unicol´orous(unicolor, having one color, + ous), of a uniform color; of the same
color. Unise´riate(unus, one, +series, series), arranged in one row. Univer´sal(universus, whole), said of the veil or volva which entirely envelopes
the fungus when young. Unsep´tate(un, not;septum, a fence), having no partitions. Ur´ceolate(urceolus, a little pitcher, + ate), shaped like a pitcher with a contracted
mouth. U´terus(uterus, the womb, belly), same as peridium in Gastromycetes. U´tricle(utriculus, a little leather bag or bottle, etc.), any thin bladder-like or
bottle-like body. Vac´uolate,Vac´uolated(vacuole+ ate), provided with vacuoles. Vac´uole(vacuolum, dim. ofvacuum, an empty space), a cavity of greater or less
size within the protoplasmic mass of active vegetable cells filled with water or
cell-sap, as it is called. Vag´inate(vagina, a sheath), furnished with or contained in a sheath; sheathed. Vague, indefinite, indistinct. Vandyke Brown, a rich deep brown, very similar to burnt umber, but rather less
reddish. Va´riable(variabilis, changeable, Va´riegated, marked with different colors; mottled; same asPapilionaceous. Vari´ety, a subdivision of a species with minor characteristics uniformly varying
from the type; an incipient species. Vas´cular(vasculum, a small vessel), consisting of, relating to or furnished with
vessels or ducts. Vaul´ted, arched like the roof of the mouth. Veil,Ve´lum(velum, a veil), a covering of various texture more or less completely
enwrapping a fungus; occurring chiefly among the Agaricini;partial or marginal
veil, a special envelope extending from the margin of the pileus to the stem enclosing
the gills;universal veil or volva, a special envelope enclosing the entire
plant in the young state, either concrete with the cuticle of the pileus as in Lepiota
or discrete as in Amanita, ultimately ruptured by the expanding pileus, a
membranaceous or fibrous or granulose coating stretched over the mouth of an
apothecium or cup soon breaking into fragments. Veins, swollen wrinkles on the sides of, and at the base between the gills, often
connected to form cross partitions, (b) so-called, the rounded, obtuse-edged gills
found upon Cantharellus, Craterellus, (c) the vein-like protuberances upon the
surface of some fungi. Vel´iform,Velamen´tous(velum, covering;forma, form), resembling or serving as
a veil; of a thin veil-like covering. Ve´lum, veil. Velu´tine,Velu´tinous(velutum, velvet, + ine), velvety. Ve´nate,Veined,Ve´nose,Ve´nous(vena, vein, artery), intersected by swollen
wrinkles below and on the sides. Ven´tral(ventralis, of or pertaining to the belly, stomach, Ven´tricose(venter, the belly), swollen in the middle; bellied. Vermic´ular,Vermic´ulate(vermiculus, a worm), worm-shaped. Vermilion(cinnabarinus,cinnabarino-ruber), a very fine red color, lighter and less
rosy than carmine, and not so pure or rich as scarlet. Ver´nal(vernalis, of the spring, vernal, Ver´nicose(vernix, varnish), appearing as if varnished. Verru´ca(pl.Verru´cæ) (verruca, a wart, steep place or height), wart. Ver´rucose(verrucosus, full of warts), covered with warts or glandular elevations. Verru´ciform(verruca, a wart, +forma, form), warty, resembling a wart in appearance. Verru´culose(verrucula, a little eminence, a little wart, dim. ofverruca, a wart, +
ose), minutely verrucose. Ver´tex(vertex, vortex (tic-), a whirl, eddy, highest point, etc.), the upper extremity. Verticil´late(verticillus, a whirl), whorled. Ves´cicle(vesicula, a little blister, a vesicle, dim. of Vesic´ular,Vesi´culate,Vesic´ulose,Vesic´ulous(vesicula, vescicle), composed
of or like vescicles. Vil´lose,Vil´lous(villosus, Vina´ceous, a brownish-pink or delicate brownish-purple color like wine dregs; a
soft, delicate wine-colored pink or purple. Vina´ceous-Buff(vinaceo-luteus). (Indian-red + yellow ocher + white.) Vina´ceous-Cinnamon(vinaceo-cinnamomeus). (Burnt umber + burnt sienna +
white.) Vina´ceous-Pink(vinaceo-caryophyllaceus). (Madder-carmine + light-red + white.) Vina´ceous-Ru´fous(vinaceo-rufus). (Indian-red + light-red + white.) Vi´nous(vinosus, Violet,Viola´ceous, a purplish-blue color, like the petals of a violet. (Aniline-violet
or mauve.) Vires´cent(virescere, grow green, greenish), green or becoming green. Vir´gate(virgatus, Virides´cent(viridescens, ppr. ofviridescere, be green, Vis´cid(viscum, bird-lime, anything sticky), moist and sticky, glutinous, clammy,
adhesive; covered with a shiny liquid which adheres to the fingers when touched. Vis´cose,Vis´cous(viscosus, Vitel´line(vitellus, yolk of egg, + ine), egg-yellow color; luteous. Volute´(voluta, a spiral scroll), rolled up in any direction. Vol´va(volva, a wrapper), wrapper; same as universal veil; the name is often applied
to that portion of a discrete volva which is left after rupturing, either
attached in fragments to, or forming a distinct membranous sheath about, the
base of the stem, the peridium in phalloids analogous to the volva in Amanitæ. Vol´viform(volva, wrapper, +forma, form), having the form of a volva. Wart(verruca, wart, excrescence), a wart-like excrescence found on the pileus of
some mushrooms; the remains of the volva in form of irregular or polygonal
excrescences, more or less adherent, numerous and persistent. Waved,Wa´vy. SeeUndulate. Wax-Yellow(ceraceus), a deep but dull yellow, resembling the color of fresh bees'
wax. Whorled, having parts arranged in a circle around an axis; verticillate. Wine-Purple(vinaceo-purpureus), a clear reddish-purple of a slightly brownish cast. Wood-Brown, a light brown color like some varieties of wood. (Raw umber + burnt
sienna + white.) Yellow-Ocher, a bright yellowish-ochraceous or ocher-yellow color. Zo´nate,Zoned(zona, a zone or girdle), marked with concentric bands of color. Zones(zona, a zone or girdle), circular bands of color.
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