ADVERTISEMENT.In the first column of these tables, the Reader will find the days of the month; in the second, the time or hour of the day, when the observations were made; in the third, the rising and falling of the thermometer; in the fourth, the wind; and in the fifth, the weather in general, such as rainy, fair, cloudy, &c.The thermometer which I have made use of is that of Mr.Celsius, or theSwedishthermometer so called, as I have already pointed out in the preface. To distinguish the degrees above freezing-point from those below it, I have expressed the freezing-point itself by 00, and prefixed 0 to every[319]degree below it. The numbers therefore which have no 0 before them, signify the upper degrees. Some examples will make this still more intelligible. On the 17th ofDecemberit is remarked, that the thermometer, at eight o’clock in the morning, was at 02.5. It was therefore at 2 degrees and 5⁄10, or half a degree, below the freezing-point; but at two in the afternoon, it was at 00.0, or exactly upon the freezing-point. If it had been 00.3, it would have signified that the thermometer was fallen 3⁄10 of a degree below the freezing-point; but 0.3 would signify, that it was risen 3⁄10 of a degree above the freezing-point. Thus likewise 03.0. is three degrees below the freezing-point; and 4.0. four degrees above it.The numbers in the columns of the winds signify as follows: 0, is a calm; 1, a gentle breeze; 2, a fresh gale; 3, a strong gale; and 4, a violent storm or hurricane. When, in some of the last tables, the winds are only marked once a day, it signifies that they have not changed that day. Thus, on the 21st ofDecember, stands N. 0 fair. This shews that the weather-cocks have turned to the north all day; but that no wind has been felt, and the sky has been clear all the day long.[320]Before I went toCanadain summer 1749, I desired Mr.John Bartramto make some meteorological observations inPensylvania, during my absence, in order to ascertain the summer-heat of that province. For that purpose, I left him a thermometer, and instructed him in the proper use of it; and he was so kind as to write down his observations at his farm, about fourEnglishmiles to the south ofPhiladelphia. He is very excusable for not putting down the hour, the degree of wind, &c. for being employed in business of greater consequence, that of cultivating his grounds, he could not allow much time for this. What he has done, is however sufficient to give an idea of thePensylvaniansummer.[321]August 1748.D.H.Ther.Wind.The Weather in general.15 m20.0E S E 2Fair2 a24.5E 225 m22.0E 22 a24.5E 235 m22.0E 12 a25.5S S W 1Cloudy with some rain.45 m22.0S 1Alternately fair, cloudy and rainy all day.1 a21.0S 155 m17.0S S W 1Chiefly rainy.67 m17.0S 2Cloudy.2 a19.0S 2Somewhat cloudy, but chiefly fair.75 m15.5S S W 2Alternately fair and cloudy.85 m18.0S S W 0Fair all day.3 a19.0S S W 096 m17.5W N W 04 a21.0W N W 1106 m18.5E 1Fair.3 a20.5E 1116 m47.0E N E 1Somewhat cloudy.½ a18.5S W 1Fair.422.0S W 1622.0W 3126 m16.0N W 1Cloudy with some drizzl. rain at ten.4 a19.0N W 1Cloudy, fair, some drizzl. rain altern.136 m17.0W N W 2Cloudy with some rain; foggy, sometimes fair.2 a18.5W N W 2145 m18.0W S W 0Somewhat cloudy, fair from 11 m. to 3 a.4 a20.0W S W 0Cloudy155 m18.0W S W 0Cloudy; sometimes fair; at ten o’clock fell a thin fog.2 a19.5N E 2166 m18.3N N E 2Somewhat cloudy; sometime fair.2 a18.5Dark; rainy at night.176 m18.5E N E 2Dark, with some drizzling rain.2 a19.5Drizzling rain all the afternoon.186 m19.0E 2Drizzling rain all the day.2 a20.5196 m19.5Cloudy2 a20.0Scattered clouds.[322]206 m19.5Fair.2 a21.5Scattered clouds: sometimes rain.216 m20.8E 1Somewhat cloudy, fair at nine2 a21.3Thin clouds.225 m21.0Fair; about twelve it became cloudy.1 a23.5E S E 1Cloudy.235 m22.2Scattered clouds.7S E 22 a24.2Scattered clouds, dark towards eve.245 m23.5W S W 2Violent rain.6W 27W N W 1About seven it cleared up.9N W 12 aScattered clouds.256 m24.5W 1Scattered clouds.10W N W 32 a23.5266 m24.0W 2Fair. At night a great halo appeared round the sun.2 a24.5S W 2Dark. A strong redness at sun-setting.W S W 1Cloudy. At ten it began to rain, and it rained all day.276 m24.5S E 211E 31 aN E 4Rain.421.5N 1Scattered clouds.287 m23.02 a23.5S W 1296 mS W 3Towards evening drizzl. rain and lightning.2 a25.5N W 2Scattered clouds; air very cool.306 m23.52 a21.5S W 1Fair: in the morning it began to grow cloudy; at night lightning, hard rain, and some thunder.316 m22.2[323]September 1748.D.H.Ther.Wind.The Weather in general.17 m20.0N W 2Scattered clouds.2 a21.5Clouds passing by. Rain and strong winds all the afternoon.26 m19.0N W 1Scattered clouds all day.2 a20.5N W 0At night a great halo round the moon.36 m21.5W S W 0Scattered clouds.2 a23.0S 1It became more cloudy. In the evening appeared a great halo round the sun.46 m23.3E 1Scattered clouds.12 n27.5E S E 12 a24.056 m24.5S E 3Scattered clouds.12 n26.566 m27.0S E 2Scattered clouds,1 a28.5At night a great halo round the moon, and the sky very red.76 m27.5E 3Dark sometimes. The sun shone through the clouds.812 n28.5N E 2Scattered clouds.86 m26.0N N E 2Scattered clouds all day.1 a26.596 m24.5N 1Scattered clouds all day.1 a24.5105 m24.0N N W 1Fair.1 a24.5116 m23.2W N W 1Fair.2 a25.0At night a halo round the moon.126 m24.0A Calm.Fair, and very hot.½ a26.0135 m25.5S E 1Fair.1 a26.5146 m25.5S E 1Fair; but a cool wind all the morning.1 a26.5155 m23.0S E 1Scattered clouds.1 a27.5It grew more cloudy. In the evening and ensuing night, violent rain and winds.165 m21.5N N E 1It rained hard all day.2 a21.5[324]175 m25.5N W 1Cloudy.1 a21.0Scattered clouds.186 m13.0Calm.Fair.191 a24.5N N E 1Fair all day.206 m14.0N E 1Scattered clouds.216 m11.0N E 0Scattered clouds.1 a23.0227 m10.5N E 1Fair.1 a25.0236 m11.0N N E 1Fair.2 a28.0246 m14.0N E 1Fair.2 a28.0It grew dark. At night came rain, which continued late.256 m18.0N W 1Dark. At 8, scattered clouds.2 a28.0N E 1Scattered clouds.266 m15.5N N E 1Fair.2 a27.5276 m17.0N E 1Cloudy. Fair at 8, and all the morning.2 a27.0Cloudy.286 m14.0N E 1Fair and cloudy alternately.2 a20.0297 m15.5N E 1Cloudy.2 a20.5Fine drizzling rain.307 m16.0N E 0Alternately fair and cloudy.[325]October 1748.D.H.Ther.Wind.The Weather in general.16 m19.0S 1Fair. Scattered clouds at 8.2 a18.5Scattered clouds. Dark towards night.26 m18.5S W 0Cloudy.36 m15.0N W 1Cloudy.1 a18.0Scattered clouds. Late at night a great halo round the moon.47 m6.0N W 1Fair.1 a16.057 m2.0N 1Fair.67 m2.0N E 1Fair.1 a18.0At night a great halo round the moon.76 m7.0E N E 1Cloudy. Fair at 9, and all day.86 m14.0E N E 1Cloudy. Scattered clouds at 8.96 m18.0S S E 1Rain all the morning.3 a23.0Cloudy.106 m20.0S W 0Fog, and a drizzling rain.2 a23.0Fair.117 m20.0S W 1Fog, which fell down. Fair at 8.2 a26.0Fair.126 m8.0W N W 1Fair all day.8W 12 a20.0W S W 1136 m2.0W N W 1In the morning, hoary frost on the plants.2 a17.0W S W 0Fair all day.146 m5.0S S W 0Fair.2 a21.0156 m4.5S S E 0Fair.2 a24.0166 m11.0E N E 0Cloudy.176 m8.0N E 1Cloudy.2 a18.0Cloudy. Violent rain all night.186 m12.0N W 0Cloudy.5 a4.0S W 0196 m00.0W S W 1Scattered clouds.2 a9.0205 m01.0W N W 1Fair.2 a9.0217 m00.0W 0In the morning ice on standing water, white hoary frost on the ground; fair all day.1 a15.0[326]226 m00.0W 0Fair.236 m4.5N N E 1Fair.1 a16.0246 m4.5N 0Fair.2 a18.0256 m4.5S W 1Fair. Air very much condensed in the afternoon.266 m4.0S W 0Fair.3 a19.0276 m1.0S W 0Fair.3 a17.0286 m9.0E 2Heavy rain all day.296 m14.0W 1Fair.1 a20.0At night I saw a meteor, commonly called the shooting of a star, going far from N. W. to S. E.306 m3.0N W 1Fair.317 m4.0W 1Fair.1 a18.0[327]November 1748.D.H.Ther.Wind.The Weather in general.17 m3.0S 1Fair.26 m4.0N 0Fair.3 a18.037 m7.0N W 1Fair.1 a14.0S E 047 m1.0S W 0In the morning the fields were covered with white frost.12 n19.0A fair day.57 m4.0S W 1Fair.1 a17.067 m4.5N E 1Fair.1 a12.0Towards evening somewhat cloudy.77 m7.0E N E 1Cloudy.4 a11.587 m11.5E N E 2Drizzling rain.½ a18.0E S E 3Heavy rain.97 m17.0S E 1Drizzling rain.9 m15.0S S W 1At eight it cleared up.1 a17.0Scattered clouds.107 m6.0S S W 2Fair.½ a13.0W N W 2117 m4.0W S W 1Cloudy.½ a12.0Scattered clouds.126 m03.0S W 1Fair.2 a11.5N W 2Cloudy.45.0137 m00.0N N E 1This morning ice on the water.2 a5.5Fair.147 m0.5N 3Fair.1 a8.0N 2157 m3.0S 2A strong red aurora.1 a8.0Cloudy, and continual drizzling rain.167 m4.5W 1Fair.177 m01.0W 1Fair and cloudy alternately.1 a8.0Sometimes drizzling rain.187 m4.0S 1Fair.3 a6.5N W 2197 m03.0W 0Fair.2 a11.5[328]207 m01.0N N E 1Fair.2 aS 1217 m15.0S W 2Fair.1 a19.0227 m20.0E 1Rain all day.2 a10.0238 m16.0S 1Cloudy, foggy, and rain now and then.8 aS W 4247 m00.0W N W 3Fair.257 mN W 0It was very cold last night, and fair to-day.26N W 0Alternately fair and somewhat cloudy, and always pretty cold.27Fair; scattered clouds: pretty warm in the air.28Cloudy, foggy, and quite calm.29Somewhat cloudy.30N 1Fair, and a little cold.[329]
ADVERTISEMENT.In the first column of these tables, the Reader will find the days of the month; in the second, the time or hour of the day, when the observations were made; in the third, the rising and falling of the thermometer; in the fourth, the wind; and in the fifth, the weather in general, such as rainy, fair, cloudy, &c.The thermometer which I have made use of is that of Mr.Celsius, or theSwedishthermometer so called, as I have already pointed out in the preface. To distinguish the degrees above freezing-point from those below it, I have expressed the freezing-point itself by 00, and prefixed 0 to every[319]degree below it. The numbers therefore which have no 0 before them, signify the upper degrees. Some examples will make this still more intelligible. On the 17th ofDecemberit is remarked, that the thermometer, at eight o’clock in the morning, was at 02.5. It was therefore at 2 degrees and 5⁄10, or half a degree, below the freezing-point; but at two in the afternoon, it was at 00.0, or exactly upon the freezing-point. If it had been 00.3, it would have signified that the thermometer was fallen 3⁄10 of a degree below the freezing-point; but 0.3 would signify, that it was risen 3⁄10 of a degree above the freezing-point. Thus likewise 03.0. is three degrees below the freezing-point; and 4.0. four degrees above it.The numbers in the columns of the winds signify as follows: 0, is a calm; 1, a gentle breeze; 2, a fresh gale; 3, a strong gale; and 4, a violent storm or hurricane. When, in some of the last tables, the winds are only marked once a day, it signifies that they have not changed that day. Thus, on the 21st ofDecember, stands N. 0 fair. This shews that the weather-cocks have turned to the north all day; but that no wind has been felt, and the sky has been clear all the day long.[320]Before I went toCanadain summer 1749, I desired Mr.John Bartramto make some meteorological observations inPensylvania, during my absence, in order to ascertain the summer-heat of that province. For that purpose, I left him a thermometer, and instructed him in the proper use of it; and he was so kind as to write down his observations at his farm, about fourEnglishmiles to the south ofPhiladelphia. He is very excusable for not putting down the hour, the degree of wind, &c. for being employed in business of greater consequence, that of cultivating his grounds, he could not allow much time for this. What he has done, is however sufficient to give an idea of thePensylvaniansummer.[321]August 1748.D.H.Ther.Wind.The Weather in general.15 m20.0E S E 2Fair2 a24.5E 225 m22.0E 22 a24.5E 235 m22.0E 12 a25.5S S W 1Cloudy with some rain.45 m22.0S 1Alternately fair, cloudy and rainy all day.1 a21.0S 155 m17.0S S W 1Chiefly rainy.67 m17.0S 2Cloudy.2 a19.0S 2Somewhat cloudy, but chiefly fair.75 m15.5S S W 2Alternately fair and cloudy.85 m18.0S S W 0Fair all day.3 a19.0S S W 096 m17.5W N W 04 a21.0W N W 1106 m18.5E 1Fair.3 a20.5E 1116 m47.0E N E 1Somewhat cloudy.½ a18.5S W 1Fair.422.0S W 1622.0W 3126 m16.0N W 1Cloudy with some drizzl. rain at ten.4 a19.0N W 1Cloudy, fair, some drizzl. rain altern.136 m17.0W N W 2Cloudy with some rain; foggy, sometimes fair.2 a18.5W N W 2145 m18.0W S W 0Somewhat cloudy, fair from 11 m. to 3 a.4 a20.0W S W 0Cloudy155 m18.0W S W 0Cloudy; sometimes fair; at ten o’clock fell a thin fog.2 a19.5N E 2166 m18.3N N E 2Somewhat cloudy; sometime fair.2 a18.5Dark; rainy at night.176 m18.5E N E 2Dark, with some drizzling rain.2 a19.5Drizzling rain all the afternoon.186 m19.0E 2Drizzling rain all the day.2 a20.5196 m19.5Cloudy2 a20.0Scattered clouds.[322]206 m19.5Fair.2 a21.5Scattered clouds: sometimes rain.216 m20.8E 1Somewhat cloudy, fair at nine2 a21.3Thin clouds.225 m21.0Fair; about twelve it became cloudy.1 a23.5E S E 1Cloudy.235 m22.2Scattered clouds.7S E 22 a24.2Scattered clouds, dark towards eve.245 m23.5W S W 2Violent rain.6W 27W N W 1About seven it cleared up.9N W 12 aScattered clouds.256 m24.5W 1Scattered clouds.10W N W 32 a23.5266 m24.0W 2Fair. At night a great halo appeared round the sun.2 a24.5S W 2Dark. A strong redness at sun-setting.W S W 1Cloudy. At ten it began to rain, and it rained all day.276 m24.5S E 211E 31 aN E 4Rain.421.5N 1Scattered clouds.287 m23.02 a23.5S W 1296 mS W 3Towards evening drizzl. rain and lightning.2 a25.5N W 2Scattered clouds; air very cool.306 m23.52 a21.5S W 1Fair: in the morning it began to grow cloudy; at night lightning, hard rain, and some thunder.316 m22.2[323]September 1748.D.H.Ther.Wind.The Weather in general.17 m20.0N W 2Scattered clouds.2 a21.5Clouds passing by. Rain and strong winds all the afternoon.26 m19.0N W 1Scattered clouds all day.2 a20.5N W 0At night a great halo round the moon.36 m21.5W S W 0Scattered clouds.2 a23.0S 1It became more cloudy. In the evening appeared a great halo round the sun.46 m23.3E 1Scattered clouds.12 n27.5E S E 12 a24.056 m24.5S E 3Scattered clouds.12 n26.566 m27.0S E 2Scattered clouds,1 a28.5At night a great halo round the moon, and the sky very red.76 m27.5E 3Dark sometimes. The sun shone through the clouds.812 n28.5N E 2Scattered clouds.86 m26.0N N E 2Scattered clouds all day.1 a26.596 m24.5N 1Scattered clouds all day.1 a24.5105 m24.0N N W 1Fair.1 a24.5116 m23.2W N W 1Fair.2 a25.0At night a halo round the moon.126 m24.0A Calm.Fair, and very hot.½ a26.0135 m25.5S E 1Fair.1 a26.5146 m25.5S E 1Fair; but a cool wind all the morning.1 a26.5155 m23.0S E 1Scattered clouds.1 a27.5It grew more cloudy. In the evening and ensuing night, violent rain and winds.165 m21.5N N E 1It rained hard all day.2 a21.5[324]175 m25.5N W 1Cloudy.1 a21.0Scattered clouds.186 m13.0Calm.Fair.191 a24.5N N E 1Fair all day.206 m14.0N E 1Scattered clouds.216 m11.0N E 0Scattered clouds.1 a23.0227 m10.5N E 1Fair.1 a25.0236 m11.0N N E 1Fair.2 a28.0246 m14.0N E 1Fair.2 a28.0It grew dark. At night came rain, which continued late.256 m18.0N W 1Dark. At 8, scattered clouds.2 a28.0N E 1Scattered clouds.266 m15.5N N E 1Fair.2 a27.5276 m17.0N E 1Cloudy. Fair at 8, and all the morning.2 a27.0Cloudy.286 m14.0N E 1Fair and cloudy alternately.2 a20.0297 m15.5N E 1Cloudy.2 a20.5Fine drizzling rain.307 m16.0N E 0Alternately fair and cloudy.[325]October 1748.D.H.Ther.Wind.The Weather in general.16 m19.0S 1Fair. Scattered clouds at 8.2 a18.5Scattered clouds. Dark towards night.26 m18.5S W 0Cloudy.36 m15.0N W 1Cloudy.1 a18.0Scattered clouds. Late at night a great halo round the moon.47 m6.0N W 1Fair.1 a16.057 m2.0N 1Fair.67 m2.0N E 1Fair.1 a18.0At night a great halo round the moon.76 m7.0E N E 1Cloudy. Fair at 9, and all day.86 m14.0E N E 1Cloudy. Scattered clouds at 8.96 m18.0S S E 1Rain all the morning.3 a23.0Cloudy.106 m20.0S W 0Fog, and a drizzling rain.2 a23.0Fair.117 m20.0S W 1Fog, which fell down. Fair at 8.2 a26.0Fair.126 m8.0W N W 1Fair all day.8W 12 a20.0W S W 1136 m2.0W N W 1In the morning, hoary frost on the plants.2 a17.0W S W 0Fair all day.146 m5.0S S W 0Fair.2 a21.0156 m4.5S S E 0Fair.2 a24.0166 m11.0E N E 0Cloudy.176 m8.0N E 1Cloudy.2 a18.0Cloudy. Violent rain all night.186 m12.0N W 0Cloudy.5 a4.0S W 0196 m00.0W S W 1Scattered clouds.2 a9.0205 m01.0W N W 1Fair.2 a9.0217 m00.0W 0In the morning ice on standing water, white hoary frost on the ground; fair all day.1 a15.0[326]226 m00.0W 0Fair.236 m4.5N N E 1Fair.1 a16.0246 m4.5N 0Fair.2 a18.0256 m4.5S W 1Fair. Air very much condensed in the afternoon.266 m4.0S W 0Fair.3 a19.0276 m1.0S W 0Fair.3 a17.0286 m9.0E 2Heavy rain all day.296 m14.0W 1Fair.1 a20.0At night I saw a meteor, commonly called the shooting of a star, going far from N. W. to S. E.306 m3.0N W 1Fair.317 m4.0W 1Fair.1 a18.0[327]November 1748.D.H.Ther.Wind.The Weather in general.17 m3.0S 1Fair.26 m4.0N 0Fair.3 a18.037 m7.0N W 1Fair.1 a14.0S E 047 m1.0S W 0In the morning the fields were covered with white frost.12 n19.0A fair day.57 m4.0S W 1Fair.1 a17.067 m4.5N E 1Fair.1 a12.0Towards evening somewhat cloudy.77 m7.0E N E 1Cloudy.4 a11.587 m11.5E N E 2Drizzling rain.½ a18.0E S E 3Heavy rain.97 m17.0S E 1Drizzling rain.9 m15.0S S W 1At eight it cleared up.1 a17.0Scattered clouds.107 m6.0S S W 2Fair.½ a13.0W N W 2117 m4.0W S W 1Cloudy.½ a12.0Scattered clouds.126 m03.0S W 1Fair.2 a11.5N W 2Cloudy.45.0137 m00.0N N E 1This morning ice on the water.2 a5.5Fair.147 m0.5N 3Fair.1 a8.0N 2157 m3.0S 2A strong red aurora.1 a8.0Cloudy, and continual drizzling rain.167 m4.5W 1Fair.177 m01.0W 1Fair and cloudy alternately.1 a8.0Sometimes drizzling rain.187 m4.0S 1Fair.3 a6.5N W 2197 m03.0W 0Fair.2 a11.5[328]207 m01.0N N E 1Fair.2 aS 1217 m15.0S W 2Fair.1 a19.0227 m20.0E 1Rain all day.2 a10.0238 m16.0S 1Cloudy, foggy, and rain now and then.8 aS W 4247 m00.0W N W 3Fair.257 mN W 0It was very cold last night, and fair to-day.26N W 0Alternately fair and somewhat cloudy, and always pretty cold.27Fair; scattered clouds: pretty warm in the air.28Cloudy, foggy, and quite calm.29Somewhat cloudy.30N 1Fair, and a little cold.[329]
ADVERTISEMENT.In the first column of these tables, the Reader will find the days of the month; in the second, the time or hour of the day, when the observations were made; in the third, the rising and falling of the thermometer; in the fourth, the wind; and in the fifth, the weather in general, such as rainy, fair, cloudy, &c.The thermometer which I have made use of is that of Mr.Celsius, or theSwedishthermometer so called, as I have already pointed out in the preface. To distinguish the degrees above freezing-point from those below it, I have expressed the freezing-point itself by 00, and prefixed 0 to every[319]degree below it. The numbers therefore which have no 0 before them, signify the upper degrees. Some examples will make this still more intelligible. On the 17th ofDecemberit is remarked, that the thermometer, at eight o’clock in the morning, was at 02.5. It was therefore at 2 degrees and 5⁄10, or half a degree, below the freezing-point; but at two in the afternoon, it was at 00.0, or exactly upon the freezing-point. If it had been 00.3, it would have signified that the thermometer was fallen 3⁄10 of a degree below the freezing-point; but 0.3 would signify, that it was risen 3⁄10 of a degree above the freezing-point. Thus likewise 03.0. is three degrees below the freezing-point; and 4.0. four degrees above it.The numbers in the columns of the winds signify as follows: 0, is a calm; 1, a gentle breeze; 2, a fresh gale; 3, a strong gale; and 4, a violent storm or hurricane. When, in some of the last tables, the winds are only marked once a day, it signifies that they have not changed that day. Thus, on the 21st ofDecember, stands N. 0 fair. This shews that the weather-cocks have turned to the north all day; but that no wind has been felt, and the sky has been clear all the day long.[320]Before I went toCanadain summer 1749, I desired Mr.John Bartramto make some meteorological observations inPensylvania, during my absence, in order to ascertain the summer-heat of that province. For that purpose, I left him a thermometer, and instructed him in the proper use of it; and he was so kind as to write down his observations at his farm, about fourEnglishmiles to the south ofPhiladelphia. He is very excusable for not putting down the hour, the degree of wind, &c. for being employed in business of greater consequence, that of cultivating his grounds, he could not allow much time for this. What he has done, is however sufficient to give an idea of thePensylvaniansummer.[321]August 1748.D.H.Ther.Wind.The Weather in general.15 m20.0E S E 2Fair2 a24.5E 225 m22.0E 22 a24.5E 235 m22.0E 12 a25.5S S W 1Cloudy with some rain.45 m22.0S 1Alternately fair, cloudy and rainy all day.1 a21.0S 155 m17.0S S W 1Chiefly rainy.67 m17.0S 2Cloudy.2 a19.0S 2Somewhat cloudy, but chiefly fair.75 m15.5S S W 2Alternately fair and cloudy.85 m18.0S S W 0Fair all day.3 a19.0S S W 096 m17.5W N W 04 a21.0W N W 1106 m18.5E 1Fair.3 a20.5E 1116 m47.0E N E 1Somewhat cloudy.½ a18.5S W 1Fair.422.0S W 1622.0W 3126 m16.0N W 1Cloudy with some drizzl. rain at ten.4 a19.0N W 1Cloudy, fair, some drizzl. rain altern.136 m17.0W N W 2Cloudy with some rain; foggy, sometimes fair.2 a18.5W N W 2145 m18.0W S W 0Somewhat cloudy, fair from 11 m. to 3 a.4 a20.0W S W 0Cloudy155 m18.0W S W 0Cloudy; sometimes fair; at ten o’clock fell a thin fog.2 a19.5N E 2166 m18.3N N E 2Somewhat cloudy; sometime fair.2 a18.5Dark; rainy at night.176 m18.5E N E 2Dark, with some drizzling rain.2 a19.5Drizzling rain all the afternoon.186 m19.0E 2Drizzling rain all the day.2 a20.5196 m19.5Cloudy2 a20.0Scattered clouds.[322]206 m19.5Fair.2 a21.5Scattered clouds: sometimes rain.216 m20.8E 1Somewhat cloudy, fair at nine2 a21.3Thin clouds.225 m21.0Fair; about twelve it became cloudy.1 a23.5E S E 1Cloudy.235 m22.2Scattered clouds.7S E 22 a24.2Scattered clouds, dark towards eve.245 m23.5W S W 2Violent rain.6W 27W N W 1About seven it cleared up.9N W 12 aScattered clouds.256 m24.5W 1Scattered clouds.10W N W 32 a23.5266 m24.0W 2Fair. At night a great halo appeared round the sun.2 a24.5S W 2Dark. A strong redness at sun-setting.W S W 1Cloudy. At ten it began to rain, and it rained all day.276 m24.5S E 211E 31 aN E 4Rain.421.5N 1Scattered clouds.287 m23.02 a23.5S W 1296 mS W 3Towards evening drizzl. rain and lightning.2 a25.5N W 2Scattered clouds; air very cool.306 m23.52 a21.5S W 1Fair: in the morning it began to grow cloudy; at night lightning, hard rain, and some thunder.316 m22.2[323]September 1748.D.H.Ther.Wind.The Weather in general.17 m20.0N W 2Scattered clouds.2 a21.5Clouds passing by. Rain and strong winds all the afternoon.26 m19.0N W 1Scattered clouds all day.2 a20.5N W 0At night a great halo round the moon.36 m21.5W S W 0Scattered clouds.2 a23.0S 1It became more cloudy. In the evening appeared a great halo round the sun.46 m23.3E 1Scattered clouds.12 n27.5E S E 12 a24.056 m24.5S E 3Scattered clouds.12 n26.566 m27.0S E 2Scattered clouds,1 a28.5At night a great halo round the moon, and the sky very red.76 m27.5E 3Dark sometimes. The sun shone through the clouds.812 n28.5N E 2Scattered clouds.86 m26.0N N E 2Scattered clouds all day.1 a26.596 m24.5N 1Scattered clouds all day.1 a24.5105 m24.0N N W 1Fair.1 a24.5116 m23.2W N W 1Fair.2 a25.0At night a halo round the moon.126 m24.0A Calm.Fair, and very hot.½ a26.0135 m25.5S E 1Fair.1 a26.5146 m25.5S E 1Fair; but a cool wind all the morning.1 a26.5155 m23.0S E 1Scattered clouds.1 a27.5It grew more cloudy. In the evening and ensuing night, violent rain and winds.165 m21.5N N E 1It rained hard all day.2 a21.5[324]175 m25.5N W 1Cloudy.1 a21.0Scattered clouds.186 m13.0Calm.Fair.191 a24.5N N E 1Fair all day.206 m14.0N E 1Scattered clouds.216 m11.0N E 0Scattered clouds.1 a23.0227 m10.5N E 1Fair.1 a25.0236 m11.0N N E 1Fair.2 a28.0246 m14.0N E 1Fair.2 a28.0It grew dark. At night came rain, which continued late.256 m18.0N W 1Dark. At 8, scattered clouds.2 a28.0N E 1Scattered clouds.266 m15.5N N E 1Fair.2 a27.5276 m17.0N E 1Cloudy. Fair at 8, and all the morning.2 a27.0Cloudy.286 m14.0N E 1Fair and cloudy alternately.2 a20.0297 m15.5N E 1Cloudy.2 a20.5Fine drizzling rain.307 m16.0N E 0Alternately fair and cloudy.[325]October 1748.D.H.Ther.Wind.The Weather in general.16 m19.0S 1Fair. Scattered clouds at 8.2 a18.5Scattered clouds. Dark towards night.26 m18.5S W 0Cloudy.36 m15.0N W 1Cloudy.1 a18.0Scattered clouds. Late at night a great halo round the moon.47 m6.0N W 1Fair.1 a16.057 m2.0N 1Fair.67 m2.0N E 1Fair.1 a18.0At night a great halo round the moon.76 m7.0E N E 1Cloudy. Fair at 9, and all day.86 m14.0E N E 1Cloudy. Scattered clouds at 8.96 m18.0S S E 1Rain all the morning.3 a23.0Cloudy.106 m20.0S W 0Fog, and a drizzling rain.2 a23.0Fair.117 m20.0S W 1Fog, which fell down. Fair at 8.2 a26.0Fair.126 m8.0W N W 1Fair all day.8W 12 a20.0W S W 1136 m2.0W N W 1In the morning, hoary frost on the plants.2 a17.0W S W 0Fair all day.146 m5.0S S W 0Fair.2 a21.0156 m4.5S S E 0Fair.2 a24.0166 m11.0E N E 0Cloudy.176 m8.0N E 1Cloudy.2 a18.0Cloudy. Violent rain all night.186 m12.0N W 0Cloudy.5 a4.0S W 0196 m00.0W S W 1Scattered clouds.2 a9.0205 m01.0W N W 1Fair.2 a9.0217 m00.0W 0In the morning ice on standing water, white hoary frost on the ground; fair all day.1 a15.0[326]226 m00.0W 0Fair.236 m4.5N N E 1Fair.1 a16.0246 m4.5N 0Fair.2 a18.0256 m4.5S W 1Fair. Air very much condensed in the afternoon.266 m4.0S W 0Fair.3 a19.0276 m1.0S W 0Fair.3 a17.0286 m9.0E 2Heavy rain all day.296 m14.0W 1Fair.1 a20.0At night I saw a meteor, commonly called the shooting of a star, going far from N. W. to S. E.306 m3.0N W 1Fair.317 m4.0W 1Fair.1 a18.0[327]November 1748.D.H.Ther.Wind.The Weather in general.17 m3.0S 1Fair.26 m4.0N 0Fair.3 a18.037 m7.0N W 1Fair.1 a14.0S E 047 m1.0S W 0In the morning the fields were covered with white frost.12 n19.0A fair day.57 m4.0S W 1Fair.1 a17.067 m4.5N E 1Fair.1 a12.0Towards evening somewhat cloudy.77 m7.0E N E 1Cloudy.4 a11.587 m11.5E N E 2Drizzling rain.½ a18.0E S E 3Heavy rain.97 m17.0S E 1Drizzling rain.9 m15.0S S W 1At eight it cleared up.1 a17.0Scattered clouds.107 m6.0S S W 2Fair.½ a13.0W N W 2117 m4.0W S W 1Cloudy.½ a12.0Scattered clouds.126 m03.0S W 1Fair.2 a11.5N W 2Cloudy.45.0137 m00.0N N E 1This morning ice on the water.2 a5.5Fair.147 m0.5N 3Fair.1 a8.0N 2157 m3.0S 2A strong red aurora.1 a8.0Cloudy, and continual drizzling rain.167 m4.5W 1Fair.177 m01.0W 1Fair and cloudy alternately.1 a8.0Sometimes drizzling rain.187 m4.0S 1Fair.3 a6.5N W 2197 m03.0W 0Fair.2 a11.5[328]207 m01.0N N E 1Fair.2 aS 1217 m15.0S W 2Fair.1 a19.0227 m20.0E 1Rain all day.2 a10.0238 m16.0S 1Cloudy, foggy, and rain now and then.8 aS W 4247 m00.0W N W 3Fair.257 mN W 0It was very cold last night, and fair to-day.26N W 0Alternately fair and somewhat cloudy, and always pretty cold.27Fair; scattered clouds: pretty warm in the air.28Cloudy, foggy, and quite calm.29Somewhat cloudy.30N 1Fair, and a little cold.[329]
ADVERTISEMENT.
In the first column of these tables, the Reader will find the days of the month; in the second, the time or hour of the day, when the observations were made; in the third, the rising and falling of the thermometer; in the fourth, the wind; and in the fifth, the weather in general, such as rainy, fair, cloudy, &c.
The thermometer which I have made use of is that of Mr.Celsius, or theSwedishthermometer so called, as I have already pointed out in the preface. To distinguish the degrees above freezing-point from those below it, I have expressed the freezing-point itself by 00, and prefixed 0 to every[319]degree below it. The numbers therefore which have no 0 before them, signify the upper degrees. Some examples will make this still more intelligible. On the 17th ofDecemberit is remarked, that the thermometer, at eight o’clock in the morning, was at 02.5. It was therefore at 2 degrees and 5⁄10, or half a degree, below the freezing-point; but at two in the afternoon, it was at 00.0, or exactly upon the freezing-point. If it had been 00.3, it would have signified that the thermometer was fallen 3⁄10 of a degree below the freezing-point; but 0.3 would signify, that it was risen 3⁄10 of a degree above the freezing-point. Thus likewise 03.0. is three degrees below the freezing-point; and 4.0. four degrees above it.
The numbers in the columns of the winds signify as follows: 0, is a calm; 1, a gentle breeze; 2, a fresh gale; 3, a strong gale; and 4, a violent storm or hurricane. When, in some of the last tables, the winds are only marked once a day, it signifies that they have not changed that day. Thus, on the 21st ofDecember, stands N. 0 fair. This shews that the weather-cocks have turned to the north all day; but that no wind has been felt, and the sky has been clear all the day long.[320]
Before I went toCanadain summer 1749, I desired Mr.John Bartramto make some meteorological observations inPensylvania, during my absence, in order to ascertain the summer-heat of that province. For that purpose, I left him a thermometer, and instructed him in the proper use of it; and he was so kind as to write down his observations at his farm, about fourEnglishmiles to the south ofPhiladelphia. He is very excusable for not putting down the hour, the degree of wind, &c. for being employed in business of greater consequence, that of cultivating his grounds, he could not allow much time for this. What he has done, is however sufficient to give an idea of thePensylvaniansummer.[321]
August 1748.D.H.Ther.Wind.The Weather in general.15 m20.0E S E 2Fair2 a24.5E 225 m22.0E 22 a24.5E 235 m22.0E 12 a25.5S S W 1Cloudy with some rain.45 m22.0S 1Alternately fair, cloudy and rainy all day.1 a21.0S 155 m17.0S S W 1Chiefly rainy.67 m17.0S 2Cloudy.2 a19.0S 2Somewhat cloudy, but chiefly fair.75 m15.5S S W 2Alternately fair and cloudy.85 m18.0S S W 0Fair all day.3 a19.0S S W 096 m17.5W N W 04 a21.0W N W 1106 m18.5E 1Fair.3 a20.5E 1116 m47.0E N E 1Somewhat cloudy.½ a18.5S W 1Fair.422.0S W 1622.0W 3126 m16.0N W 1Cloudy with some drizzl. rain at ten.4 a19.0N W 1Cloudy, fair, some drizzl. rain altern.136 m17.0W N W 2Cloudy with some rain; foggy, sometimes fair.2 a18.5W N W 2145 m18.0W S W 0Somewhat cloudy, fair from 11 m. to 3 a.4 a20.0W S W 0Cloudy155 m18.0W S W 0Cloudy; sometimes fair; at ten o’clock fell a thin fog.2 a19.5N E 2166 m18.3N N E 2Somewhat cloudy; sometime fair.2 a18.5Dark; rainy at night.176 m18.5E N E 2Dark, with some drizzling rain.2 a19.5Drizzling rain all the afternoon.186 m19.0E 2Drizzling rain all the day.2 a20.5196 m19.5Cloudy2 a20.0Scattered clouds.[322]206 m19.5Fair.2 a21.5Scattered clouds: sometimes rain.216 m20.8E 1Somewhat cloudy, fair at nine2 a21.3Thin clouds.225 m21.0Fair; about twelve it became cloudy.1 a23.5E S E 1Cloudy.235 m22.2Scattered clouds.7S E 22 a24.2Scattered clouds, dark towards eve.245 m23.5W S W 2Violent rain.6W 27W N W 1About seven it cleared up.9N W 12 aScattered clouds.256 m24.5W 1Scattered clouds.10W N W 32 a23.5266 m24.0W 2Fair. At night a great halo appeared round the sun.2 a24.5S W 2Dark. A strong redness at sun-setting.W S W 1Cloudy. At ten it began to rain, and it rained all day.276 m24.5S E 211E 31 aN E 4Rain.421.5N 1Scattered clouds.287 m23.02 a23.5S W 1296 mS W 3Towards evening drizzl. rain and lightning.2 a25.5N W 2Scattered clouds; air very cool.306 m23.52 a21.5S W 1Fair: in the morning it began to grow cloudy; at night lightning, hard rain, and some thunder.316 m22.2
[323]
September 1748.D.H.Ther.Wind.The Weather in general.17 m20.0N W 2Scattered clouds.2 a21.5Clouds passing by. Rain and strong winds all the afternoon.26 m19.0N W 1Scattered clouds all day.2 a20.5N W 0At night a great halo round the moon.36 m21.5W S W 0Scattered clouds.2 a23.0S 1It became more cloudy. In the evening appeared a great halo round the sun.46 m23.3E 1Scattered clouds.12 n27.5E S E 12 a24.056 m24.5S E 3Scattered clouds.12 n26.566 m27.0S E 2Scattered clouds,1 a28.5At night a great halo round the moon, and the sky very red.76 m27.5E 3Dark sometimes. The sun shone through the clouds.812 n28.5N E 2Scattered clouds.86 m26.0N N E 2Scattered clouds all day.1 a26.596 m24.5N 1Scattered clouds all day.1 a24.5105 m24.0N N W 1Fair.1 a24.5116 m23.2W N W 1Fair.2 a25.0At night a halo round the moon.126 m24.0A Calm.Fair, and very hot.½ a26.0135 m25.5S E 1Fair.1 a26.5146 m25.5S E 1Fair; but a cool wind all the morning.1 a26.5155 m23.0S E 1Scattered clouds.1 a27.5It grew more cloudy. In the evening and ensuing night, violent rain and winds.165 m21.5N N E 1It rained hard all day.2 a21.5[324]175 m25.5N W 1Cloudy.1 a21.0Scattered clouds.186 m13.0Calm.Fair.191 a24.5N N E 1Fair all day.206 m14.0N E 1Scattered clouds.216 m11.0N E 0Scattered clouds.1 a23.0227 m10.5N E 1Fair.1 a25.0236 m11.0N N E 1Fair.2 a28.0246 m14.0N E 1Fair.2 a28.0It grew dark. At night came rain, which continued late.256 m18.0N W 1Dark. At 8, scattered clouds.2 a28.0N E 1Scattered clouds.266 m15.5N N E 1Fair.2 a27.5276 m17.0N E 1Cloudy. Fair at 8, and all the morning.2 a27.0Cloudy.286 m14.0N E 1Fair and cloudy alternately.2 a20.0297 m15.5N E 1Cloudy.2 a20.5Fine drizzling rain.307 m16.0N E 0Alternately fair and cloudy.
[325]
October 1748.D.H.Ther.Wind.The Weather in general.16 m19.0S 1Fair. Scattered clouds at 8.2 a18.5Scattered clouds. Dark towards night.26 m18.5S W 0Cloudy.36 m15.0N W 1Cloudy.1 a18.0Scattered clouds. Late at night a great halo round the moon.47 m6.0N W 1Fair.1 a16.057 m2.0N 1Fair.67 m2.0N E 1Fair.1 a18.0At night a great halo round the moon.76 m7.0E N E 1Cloudy. Fair at 9, and all day.86 m14.0E N E 1Cloudy. Scattered clouds at 8.96 m18.0S S E 1Rain all the morning.3 a23.0Cloudy.106 m20.0S W 0Fog, and a drizzling rain.2 a23.0Fair.117 m20.0S W 1Fog, which fell down. Fair at 8.2 a26.0Fair.126 m8.0W N W 1Fair all day.8W 12 a20.0W S W 1136 m2.0W N W 1In the morning, hoary frost on the plants.2 a17.0W S W 0Fair all day.146 m5.0S S W 0Fair.2 a21.0156 m4.5S S E 0Fair.2 a24.0166 m11.0E N E 0Cloudy.176 m8.0N E 1Cloudy.2 a18.0Cloudy. Violent rain all night.186 m12.0N W 0Cloudy.5 a4.0S W 0196 m00.0W S W 1Scattered clouds.2 a9.0205 m01.0W N W 1Fair.2 a9.0217 m00.0W 0In the morning ice on standing water, white hoary frost on the ground; fair all day.1 a15.0[326]226 m00.0W 0Fair.236 m4.5N N E 1Fair.1 a16.0246 m4.5N 0Fair.2 a18.0256 m4.5S W 1Fair. Air very much condensed in the afternoon.266 m4.0S W 0Fair.3 a19.0276 m1.0S W 0Fair.3 a17.0286 m9.0E 2Heavy rain all day.296 m14.0W 1Fair.1 a20.0At night I saw a meteor, commonly called the shooting of a star, going far from N. W. to S. E.306 m3.0N W 1Fair.317 m4.0W 1Fair.1 a18.0
[327]
November 1748.D.H.Ther.Wind.The Weather in general.17 m3.0S 1Fair.26 m4.0N 0Fair.3 a18.037 m7.0N W 1Fair.1 a14.0S E 047 m1.0S W 0In the morning the fields were covered with white frost.12 n19.0A fair day.57 m4.0S W 1Fair.1 a17.067 m4.5N E 1Fair.1 a12.0Towards evening somewhat cloudy.77 m7.0E N E 1Cloudy.4 a11.587 m11.5E N E 2Drizzling rain.½ a18.0E S E 3Heavy rain.97 m17.0S E 1Drizzling rain.9 m15.0S S W 1At eight it cleared up.1 a17.0Scattered clouds.107 m6.0S S W 2Fair.½ a13.0W N W 2117 m4.0W S W 1Cloudy.½ a12.0Scattered clouds.126 m03.0S W 1Fair.2 a11.5N W 2Cloudy.45.0137 m00.0N N E 1This morning ice on the water.2 a5.5Fair.147 m0.5N 3Fair.1 a8.0N 2157 m3.0S 2A strong red aurora.1 a8.0Cloudy, and continual drizzling rain.167 m4.5W 1Fair.177 m01.0W 1Fair and cloudy alternately.1 a8.0Sometimes drizzling rain.187 m4.0S 1Fair.3 a6.5N W 2197 m03.0W 0Fair.2 a11.5[328]207 m01.0N N E 1Fair.2 aS 1217 m15.0S W 2Fair.1 a19.0227 m20.0E 1Rain all day.2 a10.0238 m16.0S 1Cloudy, foggy, and rain now and then.8 aS W 4247 m00.0W N W 3Fair.257 mN W 0It was very cold last night, and fair to-day.26N W 0Alternately fair and somewhat cloudy, and always pretty cold.27Fair; scattered clouds: pretty warm in the air.28Cloudy, foggy, and quite calm.29Somewhat cloudy.30N 1Fair, and a little cold.
[329]