LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE“Triumphs and Wonders of the XIX Century”FrontispiecePuck19Old Franklin Electrical Machine20Leyden Jar22Franklin Institute, Philadelphia23Induction Coil25Magnetic Fields of Force26Daniell’s Cells27Morse Telegraph and Battery27Samuel Finley Breese Morse28Cyrus W. Field28Ocean Cable29Great Eastern laying an Ocean Cable31A String Telephone32Thomas Alva Edison.Full page32A Graphophone35A Dynamo37The Golden Candlestick39An Ancient Lamp39A Tallow Dip40Modern Lamp40Electric Arc Light43Electric Locomotive. FromElectrical Age45Electric Railway—Third Rail System47Geissler’s Tubes49Sciagraph or Shadow Picture50An August Morning with Farragut56British Battleship Majestic57French Battleship Magenta57German Battleship Woerth58Italian Battleship Sardegna59Nelson’s Flagship Victory60Constitution (1812) under Sail. Permission of the artist.Full page61Side View of Constitution.Full page63The U. S. Steamship Oregon. Copyright by W. H. Rau.Full page65Action between Monitor and Merrimac66The Turbinia—Fastest Craft afloat. Permission of S. S. McClure Co.67Engine of U. S. Steamship Powhatan, A. D. 1849.Full page68Engine of U. S. Steamer Ericcson69Battle of Trafalgar.Full page71The Growth of Ordnance. Four cuts.Full page73The Distribution of Armor. Twelve cuts.Full page78–79The Growth of Armor. Eight cuts.Full page81The Movement of Uranus and Neptune89Professor James H. Coffin91The Lick Observatory, Mount Hamilton, Cal.Full page93The Spectroscope94Yerkes Telescope, University of Chicago.Full page95Professor William Harkness97Zenith Telescope, made for University of Pennsylvania100Three-inch Transit. By Warner & Swasey103Carolus Linnæus of Sweden105The Green Rose106Head of White Clover, with Branch from Centre107The Peanut-Pod Magnified108Outline of White Dogwood Flower109Yellow Toad-Flax in Peloria State110Grained Corn-Tassel111Banana Flowers112The Cruel Plant113Old Potato penetrated by Rootlet113Fungus growing from Head of Caterpillar114Mary Elizabeth Lease117Emma Willard119George Eliot121Frances Willard123Distaff and Spindle126Spinning Wheel126Primitive Hand Loom127Early Spinning Jenny128Ginning Cotton. Old way prior to 1800129Ginning Cotton. New way129The Modern Mule130Hand Comb of the Eighteenth Century131Noble Comb of 1890132Plain Power Loom, 1840133Weaving. The Old Way135Weaving. The New Way135Loom of 1890136Jacquard Machine137Smith and Skinner Loom for Moquette Carpets139Circular Loom141The First Knitting Machine, Lee143Knitting in the Old Way145Knitting in the New Way146Ancient Birmingham Meeting-house148Salisbury Cathedral, England.Full page148P. E. Cathedral of St. John the Divine (?)150Father Damien, Missionary to Leper Colony151Young Men’s Christian Association, Philadelphia153Baptist Mission School, Japan155Methodist Episcopal Hospital157The New Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.Full page161Ridgway Branch of Philadelphia Library.Full page163Public Library of the City of Boston. By permission of librarian.Full page164John Russell Young166Carnegie Free Library, Pittsburgh.Full page169Arc de l’Étoile, Paris173Natural History Museum, Kensington, London.Full page175Glass Covered Arcade, Milan177United States Capitol, Washington, D. C.Full page179The White House, Washington, D. C.Full page180Library Building, University of Virginia181Trinity Church, New York.Full page183St. George’s Hall, Philadelphia185Trinity Church, Boston187American Surety Company’s Building, New York188Sir Humphrey Davy192Michael Faraday197William Crookes, F. R. S.200Sir Henry Bessemer202Louis Jacques Daguerre203Louis Pasteur205Beethoven in His Study.Full page208Giuseppe Verdi208Grand Opera House, Paris209Metropolitan Opera House, New York210William Richard Wagner211Edwin Forrest211Charlotte Saunders Cushman212Scenes from Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet.Full page213George Bancroft216John G. Whittier217Alfred Tennyson218Henry W. Longfellow219Benjamin Franklin223Horace Greeley224John W. Forney225Joseph Medill226Record Building, Philadelphia.Full page227The “Black Obelisk” of Shalmaneser II232The Moabite Stone.Full page232Ruins of Philæ, Egypt.Full page235So-called Sarcophagus of Alexander the Great239Cuneiform Letters from Lachish241Arch of Titus, Rome242Hittite Inscription from Jerabis.Full page243A Typical Dairy Farm.Full page247Modern Creamery and Cheese Factory249A Typical Dairy Cow—Ayrshire251Centrifugal Cream Separator in Operation.Full page253Milk Tester (Open)254Butter-making on Farm—The Old Way.Full page255Butter-making—The New Way257The Dairy Maid.Full page259Czar Alexander II., of Russia265Sir Edward Bulwer266Captain Alfred Dreyfus269Mortality Chart273Map Showing “Registration States”275Laboratory of the University of Pennsylvania.Full page277Sand Filter Bed279A Quarantine Station281Old Style Shrapnel284Congreve Rocket285Minié Ball286United States Rifle Musket, 1855286General Winfield Scott.Full page286Armstrong Field Gun287Rodman Gun288Old Smooth-bore Mortar289Spencer Carbine291Metallic Cartridge of 1864–65292Prismatic Powder298Mortar on Revolving Hoist.Full page299Modern Shrapnel301Krag-Jorgensen Rifle302Penetrating Power of Guns and Bullets.Full page303Gatling Gun304Nordenfeldt Rapid Fire Gun305Soil Pulverizer. Furnished by author309Columbia Harvester and Binder. Furnished by author311Improved Thresher, with Blower and Self-feeder. Furnished by author312Automatic Stacker with Folding Attachment. Furnished by author313Disc Harrow. H. P. Denocher & Co., Hamilton, Ont.314Acme Harrow. Furnished by author315Double Corn Cultivator. Long-Alstatten Co., Hamilton, Ont.317Modern Clover Huller. Gaar, Scoot & Co., Richmond, Ind.319Hereford Cow, “Lady Laurel.” Furnished by author320Group of Aberdeen-Angus Cattle. Courtesy of D. Bradford & Son, Aberdeen, O.321Jersey Cow, “Ida,” of St. Lambert. Miller & Sibley, Franklin, Pa.322Poland-China Hog. Furnished by author323Merino Sheep. John Pow & Son, Salem, O.325Double Corn Planter. H. P. Denocher & Co., Hamilton, Ont.326Hand Garden Plow. H. P. Denocher & Co., Hamilton, Ont.327Success Anti-Clog Weeder. D. Y. Hallock & Co., York, Pa.331Aspinwall Potato Planter. Furnished by author335Brooklyn Suspension Bridge.Full page341The Niagara Railway Arch. Courtesy of Grand Trunk R. R.Full page343The Firth of Forth Bridge, General View. Credit “Bridges,” Chicago.Full page344Pecos River Viaduct345Formal Opening of Suez Canal347Manchester Ship Canal349Complete Rock Cut Chicago Drainage Canal. Courtesy of Lidgerwood Man. Co.Full page351An “Atlas” Powder Blast under Cableway. Copyright by Charles Stadler, Chicago.Full page353American Portal of St. Clair Tunnel. Courtesy of Grand Trunk R. R.358Interior of St. Clair Tunnel. Courtesy of Grand Trunk R. R.359Thoroughbred.Full page363Watering the Cows365A Temperance Society. (Herring)367Art Critics. (Gebler)368French Coach-Horse “Gladiator”369Pacing Horse “Star Pointer.” Time 1m. 59 1-4s371Automobile or Horseless Carriage. Courtesy of Electric Automobile Co.373Commodore Stephen Decatur376Commodore Perry at Battle of Lake Erie377Schoolship Saratoga. Courtesy of Philadelphia Bourse Book379Robert E. Lee at Battle of Chapultepec.Full page381Castle William. Military Prison, New York Harbor383Generals Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson385General Ulysses S. Grant.Full page387Sherman’s March to the Sea.Full page389Lee’s Surrender at Appomattox391Morro Castle, Santiago Harbor392Admiral George Dewey.Full page393Main Deck of Cruiser Chicago394Dewey’s Guns at Manila.Full page395General Joseph Wheeler397The Truce before Santiago398Aguinaldo, the Tagal Leader399Napoleon, 1814. (Meissonier.)Full page401Admiral Horatio Nelson403Napoleon’s Retreat from Waterloo.Full page405Capture of the Malakoff.Full page409Battle of Magenta.Full page411Louis Adolphe Theirs415Cavalry Charge at Gravelotte.Full page416Battle of Yalu River.Full page417Munich Exposition, 1854423New Orleans Exposition, 1884.Full page425Eiffel Tower, Paris Exposition, 1888427Court of Honor, Chicago Exposition, 1893429Women’s Building, Chicago Exposition, 1893431Agricultural Building, Atlanta Exposition, 1895433Machinery Hall, Atlanta Exposition, 1895434Women’s Building, Nashville Exposition, 1897435Art Building, Nashville Exposition, 1897437Grand Court, Omaha Exposition, 1898. Photograph by H. C. Hersey439National Export Exposition, Philadelphia, Sept. 14 to Nov. 30, 1899. Electro supplied by Commercial Museum.Full page441Old United States Mint, Philadelphia447New United States Mint, Philadelphia. Courtesy of Philadelphia Bourse Book.Full page451Carpenter’s Hall, Philadelphia, First Site of First United States Bank.Full page453Girard Bank, Philadelphia, Second Site of First United States Bank455Second United States Bank, Philadelphia, now Custom House457Bank of England, London463German Bank, Bremen464The Bourse, Paris.Full page464New York Clearing House468Cocoanut Tree, Palm Beach, Fla. Photograph by author.Full page473Packing Apples for Export, St. Catherines, Ont.Full page477Lady de Coverly Grapes, Maryville, Cal. Photograph by author.Full page483Orange Orchard, Sanford, Fla. Photograph by author487Olive Orchard, San José, Cal. Photograph by author488Pineapple Field, Palm Beach, Fla. Photograph by author489A Clipper Ship. Permission of Whittaker & Co.493Robert Fulton494The Clermont, Fulton’s First Steamboat495S. Cunard, Founder of First Ocean Packet Line. Courtesy of Cunard S. S. Co.497The Oceanic, 1899—Largest Ship Afloat. Courtesy of White Star Line.Full page499Steamer Campania, of Cunard Line. Courtesy of Cunard S. S. Co.Full page509Cramps’ Shipyard on the Delaware.Full page512Pestalozzi, of Yverdun517Froebel, Founder of Kindergartens519Dr. Thomas Arnold, Rugby, England520An Old Log Schoolhouse521Schoolhouse at Sleepy Hollow524Interior of Sleepy Hollow Schoolhouse525Child’s Guide.Full page527Dr. Charles W. Eliot, President of Harvard University531William T. Harris533Ideal Schoolhouse and Grounds534Suggestions for planting a Schoolground535New High School, Philadelphia.Full page537Dr. William H. Maxwell, Superintendent “Greater New York” Schools538Booker T. Washington, Principal Tuskegee Institute539Dr. E. Benj. Andrews, Superintendent of Schools, Chicago, Ill.541Early Hand Printing Press543The Columbian Press545Washington Hand Press546Old Wooden Frame Adams Press547Double Cylinder Press549First Perfecting Press551Four-roller Two-Revolution Press553Lithographic Press555Numbering Card Press557Linotype (Type-setting) Machine—Front View559Octuple Stereotype Perfecting Press and Folder.Full page560Outline of Type-setting Machine561Sinking, Drifting, and Stoping in Mining573Air Compressor574The “Sergeant” Rock Drill575Steam-Driven Air Compressor576Driving a Railway Tunnel.Full page577Straight Line Air Compressor578Duplex Air Compressor579Electric Coal-Mining Machine.Full page581Gold Dredging on Swan River, Colorado.Full page583Power Plant at Jerome Park585The Holy Women at the Tomb589Christmas Chimes. (Blashfield.)Full page591Whispers of Love. (Bouguereau.)Full page592Greek Girls playing at Ball. (Leighton)593Landseer and his Favorites. (By himself.)Full page595The Horse Fair. (Rosa Bonheur.)Full page597At the Shrine of Venus. (Alma Tadema)601Napoleon I. (Canova)603Statue of Benjamin Franklin. (Boyle)605The Washington Monument, Fairmount Park607Photographic View of New York City611Surgical Operating Room, Howard Hospital, Philadelphia617Clinical Amphitheatre, Pennsylvania Hospital.Full page621Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia. From its “History.”Full page624X-Ray Photograph of a Compound Fracture of Forearm628X-Ray Picture of a Dislocated Elbow.Full page629Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes637Dr. Nathan Smith Davis, of Chicago. Courtesy of Dr. Davis639Starling Medical College and St. Francis Hospital, Columbus, Ohio. Courtesy of Spahr & Glenn.Full page640J. Marion Sims, A. B., M. D., New York. Courtesy of Wm. Wood & Co.641The Old Stage Coach644First Train of Steam Cars645A Railway Train in Belgium647Loop in the Selkirks, showing Four Tracks.Full page649Entrance to St. Gothard Tunnel, Switzerland651Railway Signals652An American Express Locomotive653An American Freight Locomotive655Exterior of Latest Sleeping Car656Interior of Pullman Sleeping Car657Railway Suspension Bridge, Niagara Falls. From American Society of Civil Engineers.Full page659Hagerman Pass on Colorado Midland R. R.661View near Verrugas, on line of Oroya Railway, Peru663Independence Hall and Square—Winter Scene666Hon. Melville Fuller, Chief Justice U. S. Supreme Court669State, War, and Navy Building, Washington, D. C.673Portia and Bassanio. Trial Scene from “Merchant of Venice.”Full page675Paying their Dues.Full page679First Building and Loan Association Advertisement681Row of $1400 Houses686Plan of $1400 Houses687Building Association Banquet.Full page689Abraham Lincoln691Jefferson Davis692William E. Gladstone693Thomas Jefferson695Otto E. L. Von Bismarck697William McKinley698Grant’s Tomb, Riverside Drive, New York City699Duke of Wellington700Count Von Moltke701General Giuseppe Garibaldi703Charles H. Spurgeon705William Wilberforce706Thomas B. Macaulay707Florence Nightingale712Clara Barton713Sir Walter Scott715Charles Dickens716Lord Byron717Queen Victoria723
PAGE“Triumphs and Wonders of the XIX Century”FrontispiecePuck19Old Franklin Electrical Machine20Leyden Jar22Franklin Institute, Philadelphia23Induction Coil25Magnetic Fields of Force26Daniell’s Cells27Morse Telegraph and Battery27Samuel Finley Breese Morse28Cyrus W. Field28Ocean Cable29Great Eastern laying an Ocean Cable31A String Telephone32Thomas Alva Edison.Full page32A Graphophone35A Dynamo37The Golden Candlestick39An Ancient Lamp39A Tallow Dip40Modern Lamp40Electric Arc Light43Electric Locomotive. FromElectrical Age45Electric Railway—Third Rail System47Geissler’s Tubes49Sciagraph or Shadow Picture50An August Morning with Farragut56British Battleship Majestic57French Battleship Magenta57German Battleship Woerth58Italian Battleship Sardegna59Nelson’s Flagship Victory60Constitution (1812) under Sail. Permission of the artist.Full page61Side View of Constitution.Full page63The U. S. Steamship Oregon. Copyright by W. H. Rau.Full page65Action between Monitor and Merrimac66The Turbinia—Fastest Craft afloat. Permission of S. S. McClure Co.67Engine of U. S. Steamship Powhatan, A. D. 1849.Full page68Engine of U. S. Steamer Ericcson69Battle of Trafalgar.Full page71The Growth of Ordnance. Four cuts.Full page73The Distribution of Armor. Twelve cuts.Full page78–79The Growth of Armor. Eight cuts.Full page81The Movement of Uranus and Neptune89Professor James H. Coffin91The Lick Observatory, Mount Hamilton, Cal.Full page93The Spectroscope94Yerkes Telescope, University of Chicago.Full page95Professor William Harkness97Zenith Telescope, made for University of Pennsylvania100Three-inch Transit. By Warner & Swasey103Carolus Linnæus of Sweden105The Green Rose106Head of White Clover, with Branch from Centre107The Peanut-Pod Magnified108Outline of White Dogwood Flower109Yellow Toad-Flax in Peloria State110Grained Corn-Tassel111Banana Flowers112The Cruel Plant113Old Potato penetrated by Rootlet113Fungus growing from Head of Caterpillar114Mary Elizabeth Lease117Emma Willard119George Eliot121Frances Willard123Distaff and Spindle126Spinning Wheel126Primitive Hand Loom127Early Spinning Jenny128Ginning Cotton. Old way prior to 1800129Ginning Cotton. New way129The Modern Mule130Hand Comb of the Eighteenth Century131Noble Comb of 1890132Plain Power Loom, 1840133Weaving. The Old Way135Weaving. The New Way135Loom of 1890136Jacquard Machine137Smith and Skinner Loom for Moquette Carpets139Circular Loom141The First Knitting Machine, Lee143Knitting in the Old Way145Knitting in the New Way146Ancient Birmingham Meeting-house148Salisbury Cathedral, England.Full page148P. E. Cathedral of St. John the Divine (?)150Father Damien, Missionary to Leper Colony151Young Men’s Christian Association, Philadelphia153Baptist Mission School, Japan155Methodist Episcopal Hospital157The New Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.Full page161Ridgway Branch of Philadelphia Library.Full page163Public Library of the City of Boston. By permission of librarian.Full page164John Russell Young166Carnegie Free Library, Pittsburgh.Full page169Arc de l’Étoile, Paris173Natural History Museum, Kensington, London.Full page175Glass Covered Arcade, Milan177United States Capitol, Washington, D. C.Full page179The White House, Washington, D. C.Full page180Library Building, University of Virginia181Trinity Church, New York.Full page183St. George’s Hall, Philadelphia185Trinity Church, Boston187American Surety Company’s Building, New York188Sir Humphrey Davy192Michael Faraday197William Crookes, F. R. S.200Sir Henry Bessemer202Louis Jacques Daguerre203Louis Pasteur205Beethoven in His Study.Full page208Giuseppe Verdi208Grand Opera House, Paris209Metropolitan Opera House, New York210William Richard Wagner211Edwin Forrest211Charlotte Saunders Cushman212Scenes from Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet.Full page213George Bancroft216John G. Whittier217Alfred Tennyson218Henry W. Longfellow219Benjamin Franklin223Horace Greeley224John W. Forney225Joseph Medill226Record Building, Philadelphia.Full page227The “Black Obelisk” of Shalmaneser II232The Moabite Stone.Full page232Ruins of Philæ, Egypt.Full page235So-called Sarcophagus of Alexander the Great239Cuneiform Letters from Lachish241Arch of Titus, Rome242Hittite Inscription from Jerabis.Full page243A Typical Dairy Farm.Full page247Modern Creamery and Cheese Factory249A Typical Dairy Cow—Ayrshire251Centrifugal Cream Separator in Operation.Full page253Milk Tester (Open)254Butter-making on Farm—The Old Way.Full page255Butter-making—The New Way257The Dairy Maid.Full page259Czar Alexander II., of Russia265Sir Edward Bulwer266Captain Alfred Dreyfus269Mortality Chart273Map Showing “Registration States”275Laboratory of the University of Pennsylvania.Full page277Sand Filter Bed279A Quarantine Station281Old Style Shrapnel284Congreve Rocket285Minié Ball286United States Rifle Musket, 1855286General Winfield Scott.Full page286Armstrong Field Gun287Rodman Gun288Old Smooth-bore Mortar289Spencer Carbine291Metallic Cartridge of 1864–65292Prismatic Powder298Mortar on Revolving Hoist.Full page299Modern Shrapnel301Krag-Jorgensen Rifle302Penetrating Power of Guns and Bullets.Full page303Gatling Gun304Nordenfeldt Rapid Fire Gun305Soil Pulverizer. Furnished by author309Columbia Harvester and Binder. Furnished by author311Improved Thresher, with Blower and Self-feeder. Furnished by author312Automatic Stacker with Folding Attachment. Furnished by author313Disc Harrow. H. P. Denocher & Co., Hamilton, Ont.314Acme Harrow. Furnished by author315Double Corn Cultivator. Long-Alstatten Co., Hamilton, Ont.317Modern Clover Huller. Gaar, Scoot & Co., Richmond, Ind.319Hereford Cow, “Lady Laurel.” Furnished by author320Group of Aberdeen-Angus Cattle. Courtesy of D. Bradford & Son, Aberdeen, O.321Jersey Cow, “Ida,” of St. Lambert. Miller & Sibley, Franklin, Pa.322Poland-China Hog. Furnished by author323Merino Sheep. John Pow & Son, Salem, O.325Double Corn Planter. H. P. Denocher & Co., Hamilton, Ont.326Hand Garden Plow. H. P. Denocher & Co., Hamilton, Ont.327Success Anti-Clog Weeder. D. Y. Hallock & Co., York, Pa.331Aspinwall Potato Planter. Furnished by author335Brooklyn Suspension Bridge.Full page341The Niagara Railway Arch. Courtesy of Grand Trunk R. R.Full page343The Firth of Forth Bridge, General View. Credit “Bridges,” Chicago.Full page344Pecos River Viaduct345Formal Opening of Suez Canal347Manchester Ship Canal349Complete Rock Cut Chicago Drainage Canal. Courtesy of Lidgerwood Man. Co.Full page351An “Atlas” Powder Blast under Cableway. Copyright by Charles Stadler, Chicago.Full page353American Portal of St. Clair Tunnel. Courtesy of Grand Trunk R. R.358Interior of St. Clair Tunnel. Courtesy of Grand Trunk R. R.359Thoroughbred.Full page363Watering the Cows365A Temperance Society. (Herring)367Art Critics. (Gebler)368French Coach-Horse “Gladiator”369Pacing Horse “Star Pointer.” Time 1m. 59 1-4s371Automobile or Horseless Carriage. Courtesy of Electric Automobile Co.373Commodore Stephen Decatur376Commodore Perry at Battle of Lake Erie377Schoolship Saratoga. Courtesy of Philadelphia Bourse Book379Robert E. Lee at Battle of Chapultepec.Full page381Castle William. Military Prison, New York Harbor383Generals Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson385General Ulysses S. Grant.Full page387Sherman’s March to the Sea.Full page389Lee’s Surrender at Appomattox391Morro Castle, Santiago Harbor392Admiral George Dewey.Full page393Main Deck of Cruiser Chicago394Dewey’s Guns at Manila.Full page395General Joseph Wheeler397The Truce before Santiago398Aguinaldo, the Tagal Leader399Napoleon, 1814. (Meissonier.)Full page401Admiral Horatio Nelson403Napoleon’s Retreat from Waterloo.Full page405Capture of the Malakoff.Full page409Battle of Magenta.Full page411Louis Adolphe Theirs415Cavalry Charge at Gravelotte.Full page416Battle of Yalu River.Full page417Munich Exposition, 1854423New Orleans Exposition, 1884.Full page425Eiffel Tower, Paris Exposition, 1888427Court of Honor, Chicago Exposition, 1893429Women’s Building, Chicago Exposition, 1893431Agricultural Building, Atlanta Exposition, 1895433Machinery Hall, Atlanta Exposition, 1895434Women’s Building, Nashville Exposition, 1897435Art Building, Nashville Exposition, 1897437Grand Court, Omaha Exposition, 1898. Photograph by H. C. Hersey439National Export Exposition, Philadelphia, Sept. 14 to Nov. 30, 1899. Electro supplied by Commercial Museum.Full page441Old United States Mint, Philadelphia447New United States Mint, Philadelphia. Courtesy of Philadelphia Bourse Book.Full page451Carpenter’s Hall, Philadelphia, First Site of First United States Bank.Full page453Girard Bank, Philadelphia, Second Site of First United States Bank455Second United States Bank, Philadelphia, now Custom House457Bank of England, London463German Bank, Bremen464The Bourse, Paris.Full page464New York Clearing House468Cocoanut Tree, Palm Beach, Fla. Photograph by author.Full page473Packing Apples for Export, St. Catherines, Ont.Full page477Lady de Coverly Grapes, Maryville, Cal. Photograph by author.Full page483Orange Orchard, Sanford, Fla. Photograph by author487Olive Orchard, San José, Cal. Photograph by author488Pineapple Field, Palm Beach, Fla. Photograph by author489A Clipper Ship. Permission of Whittaker & Co.493Robert Fulton494The Clermont, Fulton’s First Steamboat495S. Cunard, Founder of First Ocean Packet Line. Courtesy of Cunard S. S. Co.497The Oceanic, 1899—Largest Ship Afloat. Courtesy of White Star Line.Full page499Steamer Campania, of Cunard Line. Courtesy of Cunard S. S. Co.Full page509Cramps’ Shipyard on the Delaware.Full page512Pestalozzi, of Yverdun517Froebel, Founder of Kindergartens519Dr. Thomas Arnold, Rugby, England520An Old Log Schoolhouse521Schoolhouse at Sleepy Hollow524Interior of Sleepy Hollow Schoolhouse525Child’s Guide.Full page527Dr. Charles W. Eliot, President of Harvard University531William T. Harris533Ideal Schoolhouse and Grounds534Suggestions for planting a Schoolground535New High School, Philadelphia.Full page537Dr. William H. Maxwell, Superintendent “Greater New York” Schools538Booker T. Washington, Principal Tuskegee Institute539Dr. E. Benj. Andrews, Superintendent of Schools, Chicago, Ill.541Early Hand Printing Press543The Columbian Press545Washington Hand Press546Old Wooden Frame Adams Press547Double Cylinder Press549First Perfecting Press551Four-roller Two-Revolution Press553Lithographic Press555Numbering Card Press557Linotype (Type-setting) Machine—Front View559Octuple Stereotype Perfecting Press and Folder.Full page560Outline of Type-setting Machine561Sinking, Drifting, and Stoping in Mining573Air Compressor574The “Sergeant” Rock Drill575Steam-Driven Air Compressor576Driving a Railway Tunnel.Full page577Straight Line Air Compressor578Duplex Air Compressor579Electric Coal-Mining Machine.Full page581Gold Dredging on Swan River, Colorado.Full page583Power Plant at Jerome Park585The Holy Women at the Tomb589Christmas Chimes. (Blashfield.)Full page591Whispers of Love. (Bouguereau.)Full page592Greek Girls playing at Ball. (Leighton)593Landseer and his Favorites. (By himself.)Full page595The Horse Fair. (Rosa Bonheur.)Full page597At the Shrine of Venus. (Alma Tadema)601Napoleon I. (Canova)603Statue of Benjamin Franklin. (Boyle)605The Washington Monument, Fairmount Park607Photographic View of New York City611Surgical Operating Room, Howard Hospital, Philadelphia617Clinical Amphitheatre, Pennsylvania Hospital.Full page621Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia. From its “History.”Full page624X-Ray Photograph of a Compound Fracture of Forearm628X-Ray Picture of a Dislocated Elbow.Full page629Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes637Dr. Nathan Smith Davis, of Chicago. Courtesy of Dr. Davis639Starling Medical College and St. Francis Hospital, Columbus, Ohio. Courtesy of Spahr & Glenn.Full page640J. Marion Sims, A. B., M. D., New York. Courtesy of Wm. Wood & Co.641The Old Stage Coach644First Train of Steam Cars645A Railway Train in Belgium647Loop in the Selkirks, showing Four Tracks.Full page649Entrance to St. Gothard Tunnel, Switzerland651Railway Signals652An American Express Locomotive653An American Freight Locomotive655Exterior of Latest Sleeping Car656Interior of Pullman Sleeping Car657Railway Suspension Bridge, Niagara Falls. From American Society of Civil Engineers.Full page659Hagerman Pass on Colorado Midland R. R.661View near Verrugas, on line of Oroya Railway, Peru663Independence Hall and Square—Winter Scene666Hon. Melville Fuller, Chief Justice U. S. Supreme Court669State, War, and Navy Building, Washington, D. C.673Portia and Bassanio. Trial Scene from “Merchant of Venice.”Full page675Paying their Dues.Full page679First Building and Loan Association Advertisement681Row of $1400 Houses686Plan of $1400 Houses687Building Association Banquet.Full page689Abraham Lincoln691Jefferson Davis692William E. Gladstone693Thomas Jefferson695Otto E. L. Von Bismarck697William McKinley698Grant’s Tomb, Riverside Drive, New York City699Duke of Wellington700Count Von Moltke701General Giuseppe Garibaldi703Charles H. Spurgeon705William Wilberforce706Thomas B. Macaulay707Florence Nightingale712Clara Barton713Sir Walter Scott715Charles Dickens716Lord Byron717Queen Victoria723