Acid or alum springs,109Agate,20,21localities,21value,20Alleghenies,14Alum,21localities,21,22springs,109value,21American Flat group, silver mines,136Amethyst,22false, how made,117localities,22value,22Anthracite,22,23localities,23value,23Antimony ore,23,24localities,23value,23Artesian Wells,111,112Artificial gold, how made,125jewelry, how made and detected,114-125Asbestus,24localities,24value,24Asphaltum,24,25localities,25value,25Assay of copper ore,100-102gold ore,95-98iron ore,102lead ore,103,104ores,92-104silver ore,99,100tin ore,102,103zinc ore,102Atlantic coast,14Azurite,25localities,25smelting,101value,25Baryta, localities,26or heavy spar,26value,26Bidwell, John,130-132Bituminous coal,27localities,27region,14Blende,27,28localities,28value,28Blowpipe,17Bog iron ore,29localities,29value,29Boring,83Brazil, diamonds in,84Bristol stones,114Brittle silver ore,30localities,30value,30Brown coal,30localities,30value,30Brown Hematite or Limonite,56,57Calamine,31localities,31value,31California diamonds,114discovery of gold in,127-133Cannel coal,31,32localities,32value,32Cape May diamonds,114Carbonated or gas spring,106,107Carnelian,32false, how made,117localities,32value,32Celestine,32,33localities,33value,33Cerussite,33and Galena, reduction of,103localities,33value,33Chalybeate or iron springs,107,108Chromic iron,34localities,34value,34Cinabar,34,35localities,35value,35Clear Creek, Cal., gold in,132Coal, anthracite,22bituminous,27brown,30cannel,31,32Cobalt pyrites,35localities,33value,35Coloma, Cal., discovery of gold there,127Colorado silver lodes,89Colors, distinction of minerals by,12Comstock Lode,135-137gold and silver produced from,136,137Connecticut river valley,14Copper,36glauce,36localities,36value,36gray copper ore, assaying,101localities,36nickel,37localities,37value,37ore, assay of,100-102gray,51red,65red, assaying,101variegated,78ores, test for silver,99testing,100-102silver in,101percentage of in ores, which will pay,101pyrites,37,38,90localities,38smelting,101value,38searching for,90seldom in new formations,90silicate of,70smelting,101value,36where found,14,90Corals, false, how made,124Descriptive list of useful minerals,20-80Diamond,41estimation of the value of,86imperfections of,86localities,41value,41Diamonds, characteristics of,85,86colors of,83finest,84in Brazil,84in their native state,83mode of discovering in Brazil,84prospecting for,83-87where found,87Directions for determining specimens by the key,15-19Discovery of silver in Nevada,134-137Effervescence in minerals,12Eliason, Mr.,133Emerald, false, how made,116to test,118Emery,41,42localities,42value,42Epsom springs,109,110False amethyst, how made,117carnelian, how made,117corals, how made,124False emerald, how made,116opal, how made,117pearls, how made,124ruby, how made,116sapphire, how made,116topaz, how made,116Feather river, Cal., gold in,132Fluor spar,42localities,42value,42Franklinite,43localities,43value,43Galena,43,44and Cerussite, reduction of,103localities,44purest specimens poorest in silver,91value,43Garnet,44,45localities,45the heaviest of gems,118to test,118value,45Gas springs,106,107Gems, to test by weighing in water,118true and false, how to distinguish,117-124Glass, minerals which will not scratch,16,19minerals which will scratch,15,18Gold,46-50and platinum, washing for,94,95and silver consumed in the arts in the United States,137,138and silver, production of the United States,137,138and silver where they abound,14artificial, how made,125bearing rock,88bearing sands,88extraction of,93Hill group, silver mines,136how distinguished,89imitation, how to detect,125in California, discovery of,127-133in California, first announcement of discovery,132in quartz rock, to find the amount of,98localities,46-50mine first worked in the United States,133ore, assay of,95-98searching for,87-89substances mistaken for,89testing any substance supposed to contain,97to separate from silver,97to test the purity of,98where found,87-89Granite regions,14Graphite,50,51localities,50,51to test the purity of,104value,50Gravity, mode of determination of,12Gray copper ore,51localities,51value,51Gypsum,14,52localities,52value,52Heavy spar or baryta,26Hematite, brown,56,57Horizontal beds,82Horn silver,53localities,53value,53Humphrey, Isaac,128Indications for minerals,81Irish Diamond,114Iron, chromic,34how it occurs,94ore,14assay of,102bog,29brown hematite,56,57lenticular,56magnetic,57,58magnetic, found by the compass,91micaceous,62red hematite,65,66specular,73,74pyrites,53,54localities,54value,53,54searching for,91spathic,73springs,107,108testing minerals for,91Jackson, Captain Wm.,133Jasper,54localities,55value,55Jewelry, artificial, how made and detected,114-125Kaolin,55,56localities,55value,55Lead ore, assay of,103,104to detect silver in,99searching for,90veins, thickest,91where found,90Lenticular iron ore,56localities,56value,56Limestone regions,14Limonite or brown hematite,56,57localities,57value,57Magnesian springs,109,110Magnetic,12iron ore,57,58found by the compass,91localities,58value,58pyrites,58,59localities,59value,59Malachite,59,60,101localities,59,60value,59Manganese, oxyd of,63,64spar,60localities,60value,60Marble,60,61localities,61regions,14Marshall, Jas. W., discovery of gold in California by,127-131Metals, found near their source,82how they occur,94Mica,61,62localities,62value,62Micaceous iron ore,62localities,62value,62Mineral riches, how discovered,81springs,105-112location of,105no indications of ores,83what are they,105Minerals as a source of our nation’s wealth,9descriptive list of,20-80regions which offer best inducements to search for,14sections of the United States, richest in,14species in the United States, how many,11specific gravity of,12,13useful in the United States,11which will not scratch glass,16,19which will scratch glass15,18Mississippi Valley,14Money in the rocks,9Nickel, copper,37Nitre,63localities,63value,63Nodules,82Ochres,91Oil wells,112,113Opal, false, how made,117the softest of colored gems,118Opaque minerals,12Ore on a hillside, indications of,82veins generally vertical,82when it will pay,92Ores, assay of,92-104minimum percentages of metal in which will pay,93Oxyd of Manganese,63,64Pacific coast,14Panning,94,95Paris brilliants,114Pastes, composition of,115Pearls, false, how made,124Platinum,64localities,64value,64washing for,94,95Pockets,82Precious stones, color and order of hardness,126Prospecting for diamonds,83-87Pyrites, iron,53,54cobalt,35copper,37,38,90magnetic,58,59testing for gold,96yield of gold by,97Quartz mining in California, commencement of,133ores, yield of,96rock, to find the amount of gold in,98testing for gold,95,96Quicksilver, use of in assaying,96Reading, Pearson B.,131Read mine, first gold mine worked in United States,133Red copper ore,65localities,65value,65hematite,65,66localities,66value,65silver ore,66localities,66value,66Rennselaerite,67localities,67value,67River sand, worth working for gold,98Rock crystal,67localities,67value,67salt,68localities,68suspected of containing silver, treatment of,89Rocky mountains,14Ruby, characteristics of,85false, how made,116spinel,74to test,118,123Russia, gold how obtained in,94Rutile,68localities,68value,68Saline or salt springs,109,110Salt springs,110Sapphire, false, how made,116the hardest of colored gems,118to test,118Searching for copper,90diamonds,83-87gold,87-89iron,91lead,90silver,89,90Serpentine,69localities,69value,69Shaft, cost of sinking,83Silicate of copper,70localities,70smelting,101value,70Silver,70,71and gold, consumption in the arts in the United States,137,138and gold, production of the United States,137,138glance,71localities,71reducing,100value,71horn,53in copper ores,101in lead and copper ores,99in lead ore, to detect,99to estimate the proportion of,99,100in Nevada,134-137localities,70native gold in,97ore, assay of,99,100brittle,30red,66ores, rich reduction of,100pure easily recognized,99searching for,80,90to test a globule of for gold,97to test copper ores for,99where found,89Slate regions,14Smaltine,72localities,72value,72Smithsonite,72localities,72value,72Spar manganese,60Spathic iron,73localities,73value,73Specific gravity, mode of determination of,12,13Specular iron ore,73,74localities,74value,74Spinel ruby,74localities,74value,74Steatite,75localities,75value,75Stones, precious, color and order of hardness,126Strass for making false jewels,115Strontianite,75,76localities,76value,76Sulphur,76localities,76springs,108,109Testing minerals,15-19Thermal springs,110,111Tin ore,76,77assay of,102,103localities,77value,76presence of, testing for,103Topaz,77characteristics of,85false, how made,116localities,77to test,118,120,123value,77Tourmaline,77localities,77to test,123value,77Translucent minerals,12Trap regions,14True and false gems, how to distinguish,117-124United States, consumption of gold and silver in the arts,137,138gold and silver statistics of,137,138Useful minerals, descriptive list of,20-80in the United States11Valuable minerals disguised,10Variegated copper ore,78localities,78value,78Veins, lodes and beds most valuable,82Virginia group, silver mines,136Wad,78,79localities,79value,78Warm springs,110,111Washing for gold and platinum,94,95Washoe lake, silver mines near,134Wells, artesian,111,112Willemite,79localities,79value,79Zincite,79,80localities,80value,79Zinc ore, assay of,102