opinion in Gibbonsv.Ogden,343-45.Martin, Luther,18,177.Martinv.Hunter's Lessee,335-36.Maryland, commercial differences with Virginia,27-28;ratifies the Constitution,41;taxes branch bank,337.Mason, George,34.Massachusetts, disorders in,19-20;Shays' Rebellion,20-22;ratifies the Constitution,41;refuses call for militia,213;calls Hartford Convention,224;dispatches commissioners to Washington,227;suffrage in,305.Mediterranean Fund,144.Methodism, in New England,247;in the West,301-02.Metternich, Prince, and the Holy Alliance,291-92.Migration, inter-state, after the Revolution,13-14;after the War of 1812,246-47.Milan Decree, issued by Napoleon,188;withdrawn,200.Militia question, in Massachusetts,213,223.Miranda, Francisco,70.Missionary enterprises,288.Mississippi, admitted as a State,25;suffrage in,303.Mississippi River, navigation of,16,87,229.Missouri, admission as a State,277,279;electoral vote in 1820,280.Missouri Compromise, the,277.Missouri controversy, political aspects,274-75;and public opinion,275;constitutional aspects,276-77;settlement,277,279.Monroe, James, Minister to France,94-95;recalled,95;and the purchase of Louisiana,149-50;Minister to England,183-84;candidate for the Presidency (1808),194;elected President (1816),244;on internal improvements,258;and General Jackson,260-63;reëlected President (1820),280;on recognition of South American republics,290;on Canning's overtures,294;re-drafts message,295;message of 1823,295-96;vetoes Cumberland Road Bill,309;pardons Pennsylvania militiamen,334-35.Monroe Doctrine, genesis of,289-95;in the President's message,295-96;Canning on,296;implications of,296-97,322.Moore, Thomas, on American letters,123.Morfontaine, Treaty of,104,146.Mormonism, rise of,302.Morris, Gouverneur, in Federal Convention,35-36;on the Constitution,331.Morris, Robert, Superintendent of Finance,5.Napoleon Bonaparte, concludes convention with United States,146;acquires Louisiana,146;sends Leclerc against Santo Domingo,146;sells Louisiana to United States,149-50;his Berlin Decree,187;his Milan Decree,188;sequesters American vessels,189-200;and the embargo,191-92;revokes decrees,200.National Gazette, Republican newspaper,65.National Road, construction of,256;appropriations for,258;bill for collection of tolls on,309.Naturalization Act,of 1798,109;of 1801,135-36.Navigation laws, want of power in Congress to pass,7;of the States,8;passed by Congress (1789),51;and shipping,124.Navy of the United States, in 1798-99,101;under Jefferson,133;in Tripolitan War,144-45;in the War of 1812,212-30,passim.Navy Department, established,101.Neutrality, proclamation of,72-73.Neutral trade.SeeCommerce.New England Confederacy, projected in 1804,163-66.New England Federalism, characteristics of,161-63;and the embargo,192-93,195-96.New Hampshire, ratifies the Constitution,41;on assumption,60;and the Hartford Convention,224.New Jersey, and its neighbors under the Confederation,8;ratifies the Constitution,41.New Orleans, battle of,227.Newspapers, character of, in 1800,107,110,112;founding of,112.New York, treatment of the Tories in,4;ratifies the Constitution,42-43;settlement of western,248;constitution of 1821,304-05.New York City, and Western trade,255-56;as a literary center,286.Nicholson, Joseph, and the impeachment of Pickering,139;on the nature of impeachable offenses,140.Nominating methods, changes in,305,307,308.Non-Importation Act of 1806,181,188.Non-Intercourse Act of 1809,196;evasions of,198-99;enforcement of,198-99;revived against England,201.Nootka Sound affair,69.North American Review, founded 283-84.North Carolina, and the Watauga settlers,14-15;rejects the Constitution,44;ratifies the Constitution,55.Northwest, receives settlers from New England,13-14,247;from the Middle States,248;from the South,248-49;commerce of,252-54.Ohio Company, origin of,10-11;concessions of Congress to,11-12;begins colonization,13.Ohio, taxes branch Bank of the United States,268;seizes funds,340;forced to make restitution,341.Olmstead, Gideon, claimant in federal courts,333-34.Onis, Luis de, Spanish Minister to the United States,262-64.Orders in council,of 1783,3;of 1793-94,77-78;of 1807,188;withdrawal in 1812,210.Ordinance of 1784,9;of 1785,10;of 1787,12-13.Oregon, joint occupation of,259.Otis, Harrison Gray,225.Palfrey, John G.,287.Panama, Congress, invitation to,320-21;opposition in Congress to,322-23;fate of the mission,323.Paper money, continental,5;state,17-18.Paris, Treaty of, aftermath of,1-2.Parsons, Samuel,11.Party, deprecated by Washington,108;identified with faction,108-09;rights of, in opposition,114;place of, in popular government,119.Party organization,107,305,307.Pasha of Tripoli,143,145.Paterson, William, in the Federal Convention,31-32.Patronage.SeeAppointments.Pennsylvania, and the Federal judiciary,333-35.Perry, Oliver H., wins naval supremacy of Lake Erie,217.Philadelphia, as the seat of government,119-20;as a literary center,123;and Western trade,254,256.Pickering, John, impeachment of,138-39.Pickering, Timothy, Secretary of State,103,113;on the Louisiana Treaty,156;plots a New England confederacy,164;opposes the embargo,193;secessionist in 1814,225.Pike, Zebulon M., expeditions of,153.Pinckney, Charles, and the election of 1800,117.Pinckney, Charles C, Minister to France,95;commissioner to France,96;and the X Y Z affair,98-99;appointed major-general,102;candidate for the Vice-Presidency (1800),116;candidate for the Presidency (1804),167;candidate for the Presidency (1808),194.Pinckney, Thomas, concludes Treaty of San Lorenzo,87;candidate for the Vice-Presidency (1800),92-93.Pinkney, William, Envoy to England,181;negotiates treaty,184;takes abrupt leave,201;on the admission of Missouri,276-77;influence at the federal bar,333.Pittsburg, distributing center in the West,254.Plattsburg, battle of,221-22.Port Folio, Dennie's,283.Postal service in 1800,106.Posts, retention of Western,17,68,79,84.Potomac, navigation of,16,27-28;location of the capital on,60-61.Preble, Edward, and the Tripolitan War,145.Prescott, William H.,287.Presidency, created in the Federal Convention,34-35.President, appointing and removing power of,52.President, American frigate,202.Presidential elections,of 1788,48;of 1792,66-67;of 1796,92-94;of 1800,115-17;of 1801,118-19;of 1804,167;of 1808,193-94;of 1812,216-17;of 1816,243-44;of 1820,280;of 1824,312-13,316;of 1825,314.Prevost, Sir George,221-22.Privateers, in the War of 1812,218-19.Prophet, the,205.Public domain, origin of,8.Quids, followers of Randolph,170.Rambouillet, decree of,199-200.Randolph, Edmund, in the Federal Convention,30-31;Attorney-General,55;on the French treaties of 1778,73.Randolph, John, position in the House,134;in the Chase impeachment,139-41;and the Yazoo controversy,169-70;and the purchase of Florida,171;and the indictment of Burr,177;derides the Non-Importation Bill,181;on the cause of the War of 1812,213;on the Tariff of 1816,237;on state rights,243;on the Tariff of 1828,330.Rapp, George,302.Relief Act of 1821,269.Republican court at Philadelphia,119-20.Republican party, origin of,64-67.See alsoPresidential elections.Revivals in New England,288.Rhea letter to General Jackson,261.Rhode Island, opposes changes in the Articles of Confederation,6;paper money craze,18-19;out of the new Union,44;ratifies the Constitution,55;and the Hartford Convention,224.Right of deposit at New Orleans,87;withdrawn,148.Roane, Spencer, resists judgment in the case of Martinv.Hunter's Lessee,336;attacks the federal judiciary,338-39.Robertson, James,14,68.Rodgers, John,201,202.Rose, George,186-87.Rule of 1756,76-77,179-80.Rush, Benjamin, Minister to England,259;Canning's overtures to,294.Russell, Jonathan, commissioner at Ghent,227.Russia, offers to mediate in 1813,227;and the Holy Alliance,291;and intervention,292;claims on the Pacific Coast,293;concludes the Treaty of 1824,296.Rutgersv.Waddington,4.Rutledge, John,54.St. Clair, Arthur, Governor of Northwest Territory,14;defeated by the Indians,70.San Lorenzo, Treaty of,87.Santo Domingo, negro republic,146;resists French expedition,146-47.Scioto Company, land grants to,11-12.Scott, Winfield,220.Sedition Act, prosecutions under,114.Seminole War,260-262.Sevier, John,15,68.Shaker Societies,302.Shays' Rebellion,20-22.Shipping, of the United States, during the European wars,124,126;after the Treaty of Ghent,234.Simcoe, J. G.,80.Slater, Samuel,124.Slavery, debated in Congress,270-271,277;in Missouri,270;extent in 1789,271-272;decrease in North,272;recognized by the Constitution,272-73;congressional legislation on,273-74;and the Missouri Compromise,277.Slave trade, acts relating to,273;extent of,273;forbidden by the Act of 1807,273-74;extent of, after 1808,274.Smith, Joseph,302.Smith, Robert,140,198.Smith, William,105.Somers, Richard,145.South, effect of cotton gin upon,250;extention of cotton growing in,251-52;becomes the market for Northwest,252-53.South American republics, recognition of,289-91.South Carolina, ratifies the Constitution,41.Southwest, colonization of,14-15,249-52;commerce of,15-16;a frontier society,251-52;diverges from Northwest,252.Spain, disputes the line of 1783,16-17;in the Southwest,68,70;concludes Treaty of San Lorenzo,87;withholds posts,97;cedes Louisiana to France,146;retains the Floridas,159;menaced by the United States,170-72;threatens hostilities,173-74;in East Florida,260;protests against Jackson's invasion,262;cedes the Floridas to the United States,264;loses her American colonies,289-90;invaded by France,292.Specie payment, suspension of,239;resumption of,240-41.Speculation, in Western lands,10-12,26-27;in government paper,58;in bank stock,63-64.Squatter, the,251-52.State banks, increase of,239;notes of,266.Steamboat, on Western waters,253-54.Story, Joseph, and Marshall,333;appointed Associate Justice,335;on criticism of the judiciary,339-40;opinion in Martinv.Hunter's Lessee,335-36.Stuart, Gilbert,285.Supreme Court.SeeFederal judiciary.Survey Bill, vote in Congress on,309.Symmes, John C., land grants to,11,12;begins colony,14.Talleyrand-Périgord, C. M., urges acquisition of Louisiana,98;and the X Y Z affair,98-99;to the American commissioners,100;and the retrocession of Louisiana,146;and the cession of Louisiana to the United States,149-50;on the boundaries of the province,159.Tallmadge, James,270,271.Tariff Act,of 1789,50-51;of 1816,237-38;of 1824,310-13;of 1828,328-30;Tariff of Abominations.SeeTariff Act, of 1828.Taylor, John, on agriculture at the South,126;on the Louisiana Treaty,156;on state rights,339.Taylor, John W.,271.Tecumseh,205,218,219.Tennessee, settlement of,14;intrigues in,68;admitted as a State,92.Thames, battle of the,218.Thomas, Jesse B.,275-76.Ticknor, George,287.Tippecanoe, battle of,206.Tocqueville, De, on equality in America,300;on the character of Western society,301.Tonnage dues,51,124.Tories, persecution of,3-5.Toussaint L'Ouverture,146.Tracy, Uriah, on the Louisiana Treaty,155-56;on a New England confederacy,164.Trade.SeeCommerce.Transportation, in 1800,105.See alsoNational Road, Canals, Internal improvements, etc.Travel, difficulties of, about 1800,105-06;improvement after the War of 1812,255.Treasury, Secretary of, bill to establish,52;reports of,56-62.Treaty-making power, debated in House,