BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHYPARTIAL LIST OF THE WORKS CITED IN THIS VOLUME.Acosta, Padre José de.Historia natural y moral de las Indias, translated into English in 1604 by Grimston. Sevilla, 1590.André, Eugène.A Naturalist in the Guianas. New York, 1904.Anglerius, Petrus Martyr.De nouo orbe, or the historie of the West Indies, contayning the actes and aduentures of the Spanyardes, which haue conquered and peopled those countries, inriched with varitie of pleasant relation of the manners, ceremonies, lawes, gouernments, and warres of the Indians. Comprised in 8 decades. Written by Peter Martyr a Millanoise of Angleria, cheife secretary. Whereof three, haue beene formerly translated into English, by R. Eden, whereunto the other fiue, are newly added by the industrie, and painefull trauaile of M. Lok. Gent. London, 1612.Appun, C. F.Unter den Tropen. Jena, 1871.Benzoni Girolamo.La Historia del Mondo Nuovo. Venezia 1555.Boussingault, J. B.Viages cientifices á los Andes Ecuatoriales. Paris, 1849.Bürger, Otto.Reisen eines Natürforschers im Tropischen America. Leipzig, 1900.Burney, James.History of the Buccaneers of America. 1816.Cassani, Padre, J.Historia de la provincia de la compañía de Jesus del Nuevo Reino de Granada en la America. Descripción y relación exacta de sus gloriosas misiones en el reino, llanos, Meta, y rio Orinoco. Madrid, 1741.Castellanos, Juan de.Elegias de Varones Ilustres de Indias, in the Biblioteca de Autores Españoles, Tom. IV, Collection Rivadeneyra. Madrid, 1850.Castellanos, Juan de.Historia del Nuevo Reino de Granada. Madrid, 1887.Caulin, Padre, A.Historia coro-grafica, natural y evangelica de la Nueva Andalucia. Madrid, 1779.Cieza de Leon, Pedro de.Travels in the First Part of the Chronicle of Peru, translated from the Spanish and published for the Hakluyt Society. London, 1864.Codazzi, Agostino.Geografia Stadistica de Venezuela. Firenze, 1864.Colon, Cristobal.Relaciones y Cartas de Cristobal Colón in the Biblioteca Clasica, Tom. CLXIV. Madrid, 1892.Colon, Don Fernando.Historia del Almirante de las Indias, Don Cristobal Colón. Madrid, 1892.Creveaux, Jules.Voyages dans l’Amérique du Sud. Paris, 1883.Darwin, Charles.Journal of Researches into the Natural History and Geology of the Countries Visited during the Voyage of H. M. S. “Beagle” round the World.Dobrizhoffer, Padre M.Historia de Abiponibus. Vienna, 1784.Ducoudray-Holstein, H.Memoirs of Simon Bolivar. London, 1830.Erbach, Erberhard, Graf zu.Wandertage eines Deutschen Touristen im Strom und Küstengebiet des Orinoko. Leipzig, 1892.Esquemeling.The History of the Buccaneers of America. London, 1741.Fabie, Antonio Maria.Vida y Escritos de Don Fray Bartolomé de las Casas, Obispo de Chipa. Madrid, 1879.Fernandez de Navarrete, Martin.Colección de los Viajes y Descubrimientos que hicieron por mar los Españoles desde fines del siglo XV. Madrid, 1825–37.Fernandez de Oviedo Y Valdes, Gonzalo.Historia General y Natural de las Indias. Madrid, 1851.Fernandez Piedrahita, Lucas.Historia General de las Conquistas del Nuevo Reino de Granada. Bogotá, 1881.Figueroa, Padre F. de.Relaciones de las Misiones de la Compañia de Jesús en el Pais de los Maynas. Madrid, 1904.Fiske, John.The Discovery of America. Boston, 1892.Ford, P. L.Writings of Columbus. New York, 1892.Fresle, J. R.Conquista i descubrimiento del nuevo reino de Granada de las Indias occidentales del mar oceano i fundación de la ciudad de Sante Fé de Bogotá. Bogotá, 1859.Gaffarel, Paul.Étude sur les y Rapports de l’Amérique et de L’ancien Continent Avant Christophe Colomb. Paris, 1869.Garcilaso, de la Vega, El Inca.La Florida, Historia del Adelantado Hernando de Soto. Madrid, 1723.Gerstächer, Friedrich.Neue Reisen. Berlin.Gilli, Abate P. S.Saggio di Storia Americana. Rome, 1780.Goering, Anton.Vom Tropischen Tieflande zum Ewigen Schnee. Leipzig.Gomara, Lopez de.Historia General de las Indias, Tom. XXII de Autores Españoles. Madrid, 1877.Gumilla, Padre José.El Orinoco Ilustrado, Historia Natural Civil y Geografica de las naciones situadas en las Riberas del Rio Orinoco. Barcelona, 1882.Gutierres, Carlos.Fray Bartolomé de las Casas, Sus Tiempos y su Apostolado. Madrid, 1878.Hakluyt’s Early Voyages.London, 1810.Harrisse, H.Christophe Colomb. Paris, 1884.Helps, Sir Arthur.The Spanish Conquest in America. New York, 1900.Herrera, Antonio de.Historia General de los hechos de los Castellanos en las Islas y Tierra Firme del Mar Oceano. Madrid, 1726.Hettner, Alfred.Reisen in den Columbianischen Anden. Leipzig, 1888.Humbert, J.L’Occupation Allemande de Vénézuela au XVI Siècle, Période dite des Welser, 1528–1556. Bordeaux, 1905.Humboldt, Alexander von. Cosmos.————. Examen Critique del histoire de la géographic de Nouveau Continent. Paris, 1836–39.————. Personal Narrative of Travel to the Equinoctial Regions, Bohn edition.————. Vues des Cordillères et Monuments des Peuples Indigènes de l’Amérique. Paris, 1810.Klunzinger, E.Antheil der Deutschen an der Andeckung von Süd-Amerika. Stuttgart, 1857.Labat, Père Jean Baptiste.Nouveau Voyage aux Isles de l’Amérique. Paris, 1743.Laet, Joannes de. Novus Orbis seu Descriptio Indiæ Occidentalis. Leyden, 1633.Las Casas, Fray Bartolome de.Historia de las Indias. Madrid, 1875.MacNutt, F. A.Bartholomew de las Casas, His Life, His Apostolate and His Writings. New York, 1909.Martius, C. F.Historia Naturalis Palmarum. Lipsiæ, 1850.Martyr, Peter.The first three books on America, translation of Richard Eden, edited by Edward Arber. Westminster, 1895.Michelena y Rojas, F.Exploracion Oficial. Bruselas, 1867.Nadaillac, Marquis de.Prehistoric America. London, 1885.Oviedo yBaños, José de.Historia de la Conquista y poblacion de la Provincia de Venezuela. Madrid, 1885.Paez, Ramon.Travels and Adventures in South and Central America. New York, 1864.Raleigh, Sir Walter.The Discovery of the Large, Rich and Beautiful Empire of Guiana, edited by Sir Robert Schomburgh,—printed for the Hakluyt Society. London, 1848.Ramusio, G. B.Delle Navigazioni e Viaggi. Venetia, 1550.Reclus, Eliseé.Nouvelle Géographic Universelle. Paris, 1893.Remesal, Antonio de.Historia de la Provincia de San Vicente de Chyapa. Madrid, 1620.Restrepo, Vicente.Los Chibehas antes de la Conquista Española. Bogotá, 1895.Rivero, Padre Juan.Historia de las Misiones de los Llanos de Casanare y los Rios Orinoco y Meta. Bogotá, 1883.Sachs, Carl.Aus den Llanos. Leipzig, 1879.Schomburgk, Richard.Reisen in Britisch Guiana. Leipzig, 1840–44.Simon, Fr. Pedro.Noticias historiales de las Conquistas de Tierra Firme. Bogotá, 1892.Spix, J. B. and Martius, C. F.Travels in Brazil. London, 1824.Spruce, Richard.Notes of a Botanist and the Amazon and Andes. London, 1908.Ternaux-Compans, H.Voyages Rélations et Memoires Originaux pour servir à Histoire de la découverte de l’Amérique. Paris, 1837–1841.Thatcher, J. B.Christopher Columbus, His Life, His Works, His Remains. New York, 1904.Thornsburg, Geo. W.The Monarchs of the Main, or Adventures of the Buccaneers. London, 1855.Thurn, Everard T. Im.Among the Indians of Guiana. London, 1883.Triana, Perez.Down the Orinoco in a Canoe. London, 1902.Varnhagan, F. A. de.Le Premier Voyage de Amerigo Vespucci. Vienne, 1869.Vedia, Enrique de.Historias Primitivas de Indias. Madrid, 1877.Vergara y Vergara, José Maria.Historia de la Literature en Nueva Granada desde la Conquista hasta la Independencia, 1538–1820. Bogotá, 1867.Vergara y Velasco, F. J.Nueva Geografia de Colombia. Bogotá, 1901.Waterton, Charles.Wanderings in South America.Zerda, Liborio.El Dorado, Estudio Historico, Etaografico y Arqueologico de los Chibehas Habitantes de la Antigua Cundinamarca y de Algunas otras Tribus. Bogotá, 1883.Antologia de poetas Hispano-Americanos, publicada por la Real Academia Española. Madrid, 1894.Colección de libros raros y curiosos que tratan de America. Madrid, 1892–1902.Colección de documentos inéditos relativos al descubrimiento, conquista y colonizacion de las posesiones Españolas en America. Madrid, 1864–1899.INDEXAAnaconda, Waterton’s description of,75Animals, domestic, in South America,259;introduced by the Spaniards,258,259;extinct,259,260Ant-hills,246Ants in the tropics, depredations of,247Aruac Indians,95Augustine, St., Fla.,5BBamboo, many uses of,339Bananas, varieties and uses of,179;industry in, extent of,405et seq.;as a food, value of,406,407;legends concerning,418Barranquilla, importance of,377,378Barrigón, description of,195et seq.Beauvois, E., on traditions regarding Fountain of Youth and River Jordan,15et seq.Belalcazar, Sebastian de, meets Quesada and Federmann on plain of Bogotá,294–298,332Bell-bird, Waterton and Sydney Smith on,183Birds, migratory, in the tropics,249–252Boats on the Orinoco,87,88;on the Magdalena,349Bogotá, foundation of,285;location of,286;description and population of,286et seq.;schools and scholars of,300et seq.Bolivar, Simon, liberator of South America,303et seq.;estimates of, by Tejera and Larazabel,304,305;opinions of Hippisley and General Holstein concerning,305–308;ante-mortem statements of,311Brendan, St., in the New World,13;vanishing island of,399,400Buccaneers, origin of,390–392;skill and courage of,393,394;religion of,394;depredations and ferocity of,395,396;secretly encouraged by various governments,397Buena Vista, Colombia, view from,235,236Butterflies, tropical,337,338CCabuyaro, village on the Meta,186Calabash tree, utility of,179Callao, Venezuela, mines of,90,91Canoes used by the Indians,174,175Caqueza, experience in,254;climate of,256,257Caracas,41,42;compared with Taormina,42Carib Indians,95,98;misrepresentations of,97,98;language of,99–101Carib fish, remarkable teeth of,181Cariben, Raudal de, scenery about,144Cartagena, location and past history of,380–385Cassiquiare river, first explorer of,142,143Castellanos, Juan de, on the Fountain of Youth,11,12;his work as poet and historian,139,299,318Castle, Morro, in Havana,20;in Santiago,28Cayman, numbers of,366–369Chibchas. See MuiscasChicha, how made and general use of,333–335Chinchona trees in Colombia,231,232Churches, large and beautiful, in South America,260Ciudad Bolivar,102;foundation and description of,102–107Colombians of the eastern Cordilleras, characteristics of,240–244;of Bogotá,313Columbus, Christopher, regards Cuba as Cathay and Española as Japan,21;on scenery of Cuba,23;notions of, about Española,29,30;remains of, in Cathedral of Santo Domingo,35–37;Humboldt’s estimate of,37;monument for,37;view of, regarding the shape of the earth,67;view of, regarding the location of the Garden of Paradise,68;experience of, with storms,386;visits Costa Rica,402–404;at Veragua,425Cordillera, eastern, temperature on summit of,275;hardships endured by Bolivar’s army while crossing,276,277Costa Rica, origin of name,402;scenery in,408,409;railways of,409,423,424;fruits of,410,416–419;negroes of,411,412;coffee of,413;curious beliefs in,422,433Couvade, the, among the Indians of South America,152et seq.Crocodile. See CaymanCross, Southern,101,102Cross section of oriental Andes,326Crosses, before houses along the Meta,185,186Cuba, regarded as Cathay by Columbus,21Curaçao, island of,38Curare poison, composition and manufacture of,169Currency, Colombian, depreciation of,314–316DDarwin, Charles, on tropical scenery,83–86;on extinct mammals in South America,259Dobrizhoffer, Padre, on the Couvade among the Indians of South America,153Domingo, Santo, city of,34–37;cathedral of,35EEgret hunting in South America,107Española, introduction of slavery into,31–34Esquemeling, historian of the Buccaneers,391FFedermann, Nicholas, expedition of,238,239;place where he crossed the Cordillera,280;meets Quesadaand Belalcazar on plain of Bogotá,294–298Fireflies, brilliancy of,179,190Florida, as described by early explorers,5,6;origin of name,6,7;when discovered, and by whom,7,8,9Flowers, beauty and abundance of, in the tropics,180Flute bird, musical notes of,184Fountain of Youth and Juan Ponce de Leon,9et seq.;Gomara, Fontenada and Juan de Castellanos on,10–12;Sir John Mandeville regarding,14GGermans in South America, enterprise of,173,174,353;early attempt of, at colonization,239Guaduas, beautiful location of,339Guahibos Indians, greatly misrepresented,170Guayra, La, port of,39,40Gumilla, Padre, on Indians of Orinoco delta,78;account of the moriche palm by,78,79HHaiti,29et seq.Hammock, general use of, in the tropics,177Havana,20et seq.Hohermuth, George—Jorge de Spira—expedition of,237,238Home-builders, in the eastern Cordilleras of Colombia,244–246Honda, description of,346–348Hospitality of the people in the equatorial regions,187,188,220Humming-birds,338Hütten, Philip von, wanderings of,238IIndians, of Cumana, gentleness of,47;former missions among, along the Meta and in Casanare,155,156;simplicity of homes of,178,179,246;legends and superstitions of,264–267JJosé, San, capital of Costa Rica, attractions of,414–416;people of,421,422KKeys, Florida,18,19LLabat, Père, on introduction and use of tobacco,25;on language of Caribs,99–101Las Casas, Bishop, on cruelty to Indians,28,29;projected commonwealth of,47,48;words from will of,49;Fiske’s eulogy on,49;diocese of,387;Thacher’s eulogy on,388Leon, Juan Ponce de,9et seq.;remains of, in Puerto Rico,38Lights, mysterious, on the Andes,191et seq.Llanos of Colombia,202et seq.;herds on,204,205;value of pastures of,205;accessibility of,205;as a region for investment and exploitation,207;inhabitants of,210et seq.;poets of,211,212;trails in,214,215Llanos of Venezuela,126–129;inhabitants of,129,131;remarkable capture of Spanish gun-boats by Llaneros under Paez,131Loneliness in the mountains,263MMagdalena river, description of,350,351;navigation on,351,352;frequent changes in bed of,353,355;as commercial highway,355,356,357;inhabitants in valley of,358;scenery along,358,359;fauna in the valley of,364et seq.Main, Spanish, meaning of,39Mandeville, Sir John, on Fountain of Youth,14Margarita, island of, and its pearl fisheries,49–53Martyr, Peter, father of American history,7;about Indian dwellings on tree tops,77Meta river, size of,146;traveling on,159;inhabitants along,160;beauty of scenery along,190,191;navigability of,206;should be open to all vessels,230Milk tree,157Missions, Indian,86Monkey bridges, stories about,151Montaña, traveling in,201,221Muiscas,319et seq.;an agricultural people,320;commerce of,321;civilization and culture of,322–324;trails of,332Mule, Andean, idiosyncrasies of,239,240,336–337OOcoa river, difficulty in crossing,222–225Orchids, beauty and number of species of, in the tropics,161–163,359Ordaz, Diego de, an officer under Cortez, explores the Orinoco,140–142Orinoco, delta of, described by Sir Walter Raleigh,70,71;exuberant vegetation of,75;stories about Indians having houses on tops of trees in,76,78;exploration of, by A. E. Level,80,81;inhabitants of,81Orinoco river, first view of,72;magnitude of,82;scenery along,83;fauna in valley of,85,86;steamers on,87;travelers on,88,89;erroneous notions about,114–119;insects along,114;temperature in valley of,116,117;temperature and turbidity of water of,133Orocué, capital of a prefecture, described,166PPalms, number of species and uses of,78,79,203,204,371–374Paradise, Terrestrial,68,69,400,401Paramo, defined,272; flora of,273;dangers in,274Paria, gulf of,64et seq.Pearl Coast,46et seq.Pirates,388,389Pitch Lake,62Platanos, as food in the tropics,179,198Poncho, description and use of,213,214Porpoises, fresh water,182Port-of-Spain, botanical garden of,58–60Puerto Cabello,45Puerto Limon, importance of,404,405Puerto Rico,38QQuesada, Gonzalo, Jimenez de,285,294;buried in cathedral of Bogotá,299;first man of letters of Bogotá,299,332;voyage of, down the Magdalena,340;expedition of, to Cundinamarca, difficulty of,360–362RRailways, Colombian,316,317,357,358Raleigh, Sir Walter, on the delta of the Orinoco,71;account by, of the treasures of Guiana,93,94;remarks of, on winter and summer in the tropics,120Rivero, Padre, work of, among the Indians along the Meta,148et seq.;on the couvade among the Indians along the Meta,152Rubber plantations in Colombia,231SSabana de Bogotá,290,317–319Saddle used in Cordilleras,325Santiago de Cuba,28Sargento, El, magnificent view from summit of,340–343Scenery along trail over the eastern Cordilleras,247–249Serpent’s Mouth, strait of, described by Columbus,65Silla, La, mountain of,39Slavery, negro, first introduction of, into America,31–34Soto, Hernando de, in Florida,12Suma Paz, range of,278,279TTelegraph, in the tropics,261Tequendama, Falls of,290,293,294Tierra fria, tierra templada, tierra caliente, characteristics of,270–274Tobacco, discovery of,24;use of, by aborigines of America,24,25;Benzoni, Père Labat, and King James on,24–26;value of, as source of revenue to Spain,27Trapiche, described,332Treasures found by the conquistadores,363Trees, remarkable, in the tropics,156,157Trinidad, island of,54et seq.;scenery of,61,62;smugglers in,63Turtles, immense numbers of, on the sand banks of the Orinoco,132VValencia,45Varnhagen, M., on the discoveries of Americus Vespucius,8,9Venezuela, reflections on,134–138;advantages and natural resources of,134;area of,135;revolutions in,135;future of,136–139Vespucius, Americus, discoverer of Florida,8Villavicencio, town of, visit to,225et seq.WWaraus Indians,94,95Welser colony in Venezuela,239Wild, call of the,261,262Winds, trade, at summit of the Cordilleras,269Women, market, in the Cordilleras,258YYuca, as source of food,180

BIBLIOGRAPHYPARTIAL LIST OF THE WORKS CITED IN THIS VOLUME.

Acosta, Padre José de.Historia natural y moral de las Indias, translated into English in 1604 by Grimston. Sevilla, 1590.André, Eugène.A Naturalist in the Guianas. New York, 1904.Anglerius, Petrus Martyr.De nouo orbe, or the historie of the West Indies, contayning the actes and aduentures of the Spanyardes, which haue conquered and peopled those countries, inriched with varitie of pleasant relation of the manners, ceremonies, lawes, gouernments, and warres of the Indians. Comprised in 8 decades. Written by Peter Martyr a Millanoise of Angleria, cheife secretary. Whereof three, haue beene formerly translated into English, by R. Eden, whereunto the other fiue, are newly added by the industrie, and painefull trauaile of M. Lok. Gent. London, 1612.Appun, C. F.Unter den Tropen. Jena, 1871.Benzoni Girolamo.La Historia del Mondo Nuovo. Venezia 1555.Boussingault, J. B.Viages cientifices á los Andes Ecuatoriales. Paris, 1849.Bürger, Otto.Reisen eines Natürforschers im Tropischen America. Leipzig, 1900.Burney, James.History of the Buccaneers of America. 1816.Cassani, Padre, J.Historia de la provincia de la compañía de Jesus del Nuevo Reino de Granada en la America. Descripción y relación exacta de sus gloriosas misiones en el reino, llanos, Meta, y rio Orinoco. Madrid, 1741.Castellanos, Juan de.Elegias de Varones Ilustres de Indias, in the Biblioteca de Autores Españoles, Tom. IV, Collection Rivadeneyra. Madrid, 1850.Castellanos, Juan de.Historia del Nuevo Reino de Granada. Madrid, 1887.Caulin, Padre, A.Historia coro-grafica, natural y evangelica de la Nueva Andalucia. Madrid, 1779.Cieza de Leon, Pedro de.Travels in the First Part of the Chronicle of Peru, translated from the Spanish and published for the Hakluyt Society. London, 1864.Codazzi, Agostino.Geografia Stadistica de Venezuela. Firenze, 1864.Colon, Cristobal.Relaciones y Cartas de Cristobal Colón in the Biblioteca Clasica, Tom. CLXIV. Madrid, 1892.Colon, Don Fernando.Historia del Almirante de las Indias, Don Cristobal Colón. Madrid, 1892.Creveaux, Jules.Voyages dans l’Amérique du Sud. Paris, 1883.Darwin, Charles.Journal of Researches into the Natural History and Geology of the Countries Visited during the Voyage of H. M. S. “Beagle” round the World.Dobrizhoffer, Padre M.Historia de Abiponibus. Vienna, 1784.Ducoudray-Holstein, H.Memoirs of Simon Bolivar. London, 1830.Erbach, Erberhard, Graf zu.Wandertage eines Deutschen Touristen im Strom und Küstengebiet des Orinoko. Leipzig, 1892.Esquemeling.The History of the Buccaneers of America. London, 1741.Fabie, Antonio Maria.Vida y Escritos de Don Fray Bartolomé de las Casas, Obispo de Chipa. Madrid, 1879.Fernandez de Navarrete, Martin.Colección de los Viajes y Descubrimientos que hicieron por mar los Españoles desde fines del siglo XV. Madrid, 1825–37.Fernandez de Oviedo Y Valdes, Gonzalo.Historia General y Natural de las Indias. Madrid, 1851.Fernandez Piedrahita, Lucas.Historia General de las Conquistas del Nuevo Reino de Granada. Bogotá, 1881.Figueroa, Padre F. de.Relaciones de las Misiones de la Compañia de Jesús en el Pais de los Maynas. Madrid, 1904.Fiske, John.The Discovery of America. Boston, 1892.Ford, P. L.Writings of Columbus. New York, 1892.Fresle, J. R.Conquista i descubrimiento del nuevo reino de Granada de las Indias occidentales del mar oceano i fundación de la ciudad de Sante Fé de Bogotá. Bogotá, 1859.Gaffarel, Paul.Étude sur les y Rapports de l’Amérique et de L’ancien Continent Avant Christophe Colomb. Paris, 1869.Garcilaso, de la Vega, El Inca.La Florida, Historia del Adelantado Hernando de Soto. Madrid, 1723.Gerstächer, Friedrich.Neue Reisen. Berlin.Gilli, Abate P. S.Saggio di Storia Americana. Rome, 1780.Goering, Anton.Vom Tropischen Tieflande zum Ewigen Schnee. Leipzig.Gomara, Lopez de.Historia General de las Indias, Tom. XXII de Autores Españoles. Madrid, 1877.Gumilla, Padre José.El Orinoco Ilustrado, Historia Natural Civil y Geografica de las naciones situadas en las Riberas del Rio Orinoco. Barcelona, 1882.Gutierres, Carlos.Fray Bartolomé de las Casas, Sus Tiempos y su Apostolado. Madrid, 1878.Hakluyt’s Early Voyages.London, 1810.Harrisse, H.Christophe Colomb. Paris, 1884.Helps, Sir Arthur.The Spanish Conquest in America. New York, 1900.Herrera, Antonio de.Historia General de los hechos de los Castellanos en las Islas y Tierra Firme del Mar Oceano. Madrid, 1726.Hettner, Alfred.Reisen in den Columbianischen Anden. Leipzig, 1888.Humbert, J.L’Occupation Allemande de Vénézuela au XVI Siècle, Période dite des Welser, 1528–1556. Bordeaux, 1905.Humboldt, Alexander von. Cosmos.————. Examen Critique del histoire de la géographic de Nouveau Continent. Paris, 1836–39.————. Personal Narrative of Travel to the Equinoctial Regions, Bohn edition.————. Vues des Cordillères et Monuments des Peuples Indigènes de l’Amérique. 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INDEXAAnaconda, Waterton’s description of,75Animals, domestic, in South America,259;introduced by the Spaniards,258,259;extinct,259,260Ant-hills,246Ants in the tropics, depredations of,247Aruac Indians,95Augustine, St., Fla.,5BBamboo, many uses of,339Bananas, varieties and uses of,179;industry in, extent of,405et seq.;as a food, value of,406,407;legends concerning,418Barranquilla, importance of,377,378Barrigón, description of,195et seq.Beauvois, E., on traditions regarding Fountain of Youth and River Jordan,15et seq.Belalcazar, Sebastian de, meets Quesada and Federmann on plain of Bogotá,294–298,332Bell-bird, Waterton and Sydney Smith on,183Birds, migratory, in the tropics,249–252Boats on the Orinoco,87,88;on the Magdalena,349Bogotá, foundation of,285;location of,286;description and population of,286et seq.;schools and scholars of,300et seq.Bolivar, Simon, liberator of South America,303et seq.;estimates of, by Tejera and Larazabel,304,305;opinions of Hippisley and General Holstein concerning,305–308;ante-mortem statements of,311Brendan, St., in the New World,13;vanishing island of,399,400Buccaneers, origin of,390–392;skill and courage of,393,394;religion of,394;depredations and ferocity of,395,396;secretly encouraged by various governments,397Buena Vista, Colombia, view from,235,236Butterflies, tropical,337,338CCabuyaro, village on the Meta,186Calabash tree, utility of,179Callao, Venezuela, mines of,90,91Canoes used by the Indians,174,175Caqueza, experience in,254;climate of,256,257Caracas,41,42;compared with Taormina,42Carib Indians,95,98;misrepresentations of,97,98;language of,99–101Carib fish, remarkable teeth of,181Cariben, Raudal de, scenery about,144Cartagena, location and past history of,380–385Cassiquiare river, first explorer of,142,143Castellanos, Juan de, on the Fountain of Youth,11,12;his work as poet and historian,139,299,318Castle, Morro, in Havana,20;in Santiago,28Cayman, numbers of,366–369Chibchas. See MuiscasChicha, how made and general use of,333–335Chinchona trees in Colombia,231,232Churches, large and beautiful, in South America,260Ciudad Bolivar,102;foundation and description of,102–107Colombians of the eastern Cordilleras, characteristics of,240–244;of Bogotá,313Columbus, Christopher, regards Cuba as Cathay and Española as Japan,21;on scenery of Cuba,23;notions of, about Española,29,30;remains of, in Cathedral of Santo Domingo,35–37;Humboldt’s estimate of,37;monument for,37;view of, regarding the shape of the earth,67;view of, regarding the location of the Garden of Paradise,68;experience of, with storms,386;visits Costa Rica,402–404;at Veragua,425Cordillera, eastern, temperature on summit of,275;hardships endured by Bolivar’s army while crossing,276,277Costa Rica, origin of name,402;scenery in,408,409;railways of,409,423,424;fruits of,410,416–419;negroes of,411,412;coffee of,413;curious beliefs in,422,433Couvade, the, among the Indians of South America,152et seq.Crocodile. See CaymanCross, Southern,101,102Cross section of oriental Andes,326Crosses, before houses along the Meta,185,186Cuba, regarded as Cathay by Columbus,21Curaçao, island of,38Curare poison, composition and manufacture of,169Currency, Colombian, depreciation of,314–316DDarwin, Charles, on tropical scenery,83–86;on extinct mammals in South America,259Dobrizhoffer, Padre, on the Couvade among the Indians of South America,153Domingo, Santo, city of,34–37;cathedral of,35EEgret hunting in South America,107Española, introduction of slavery into,31–34Esquemeling, historian of the Buccaneers,391FFedermann, Nicholas, expedition of,238,239;place where he crossed the Cordillera,280;meets Quesadaand Belalcazar on plain of Bogotá,294–298Fireflies, brilliancy of,179,190Florida, as described by early explorers,5,6;origin of name,6,7;when discovered, and by whom,7,8,9Flowers, beauty and abundance of, in the tropics,180Flute bird, musical notes of,184Fountain of Youth and Juan Ponce de Leon,9et seq.;Gomara, Fontenada and Juan de Castellanos on,10–12;Sir John Mandeville regarding,14GGermans in South America, enterprise of,173,174,353;early attempt of, at colonization,239Guaduas, beautiful location of,339Guahibos Indians, greatly misrepresented,170Guayra, La, port of,39,40Gumilla, Padre, on Indians of Orinoco delta,78;account of the moriche palm by,78,79HHaiti,29et seq.Hammock, general use of, in the tropics,177Havana,20et seq.Hohermuth, George—Jorge de Spira—expedition of,237,238Home-builders, in the eastern Cordilleras of Colombia,244–246Honda, description of,346–348Hospitality of the people in the equatorial regions,187,188,220Humming-birds,338Hütten, Philip von, wanderings of,238IIndians, of Cumana, gentleness of,47;former missions among, along the Meta and in Casanare,155,156;simplicity of homes of,178,179,246;legends and superstitions of,264–267JJosé, San, capital of Costa Rica, attractions of,414–416;people of,421,422KKeys, Florida,18,19LLabat, Père, on introduction and use of tobacco,25;on language of Caribs,99–101Las Casas, Bishop, on cruelty to Indians,28,29;projected commonwealth of,47,48;words from will of,49;Fiske’s eulogy on,49;diocese of,387;Thacher’s eulogy on,388Leon, Juan Ponce de,9et seq.;remains of, in Puerto Rico,38Lights, mysterious, on the Andes,191et seq.Llanos of Colombia,202et seq.;herds on,204,205;value of pastures of,205;accessibility of,205;as a region for investment and exploitation,207;inhabitants of,210et seq.;poets of,211,212;trails in,214,215Llanos of Venezuela,126–129;inhabitants of,129,131;remarkable capture of Spanish gun-boats by Llaneros under Paez,131Loneliness in the mountains,263MMagdalena river, description of,350,351;navigation on,351,352;frequent changes in bed of,353,355;as commercial highway,355,356,357;inhabitants in valley of,358;scenery along,358,359;fauna in the valley of,364et seq.Main, Spanish, meaning of,39Mandeville, Sir John, on Fountain of Youth,14Margarita, island of, and its pearl fisheries,49–53Martyr, Peter, father of American history,7;about Indian dwellings on tree tops,77Meta river, size of,146;traveling on,159;inhabitants along,160;beauty of scenery along,190,191;navigability of,206;should be open to all vessels,230Milk tree,157Missions, Indian,86Monkey bridges, stories about,151Montaña, traveling in,201,221Muiscas,319et seq.;an agricultural people,320;commerce of,321;civilization and culture of,322–324;trails of,332Mule, Andean, idiosyncrasies of,239,240,336–337OOcoa river, difficulty in crossing,222–225Orchids, beauty and number of species of, in the tropics,161–163,359Ordaz, Diego de, an officer under Cortez, explores the Orinoco,140–142Orinoco, delta of, described by Sir Walter Raleigh,70,71;exuberant vegetation of,75;stories about Indians having houses on tops of trees in,76,78;exploration of, by A. E. Level,80,81;inhabitants of,81Orinoco river, first view of,72;magnitude of,82;scenery along,83;fauna in valley of,85,86;steamers on,87;travelers on,88,89;erroneous notions about,114–119;insects along,114;temperature in valley of,116,117;temperature and turbidity of water of,133Orocué, capital of a prefecture, described,166PPalms, number of species and uses of,78,79,203,204,371–374Paradise, Terrestrial,68,69,400,401Paramo, defined,272; flora of,273;dangers in,274Paria, gulf of,64et seq.Pearl Coast,46et seq.Pirates,388,389Pitch Lake,62Platanos, as food in the tropics,179,198Poncho, description and use of,213,214Porpoises, fresh water,182Port-of-Spain, botanical garden of,58–60Puerto Cabello,45Puerto Limon, importance of,404,405Puerto Rico,38QQuesada, Gonzalo, Jimenez de,285,294;buried in cathedral of Bogotá,299;first man of letters of Bogotá,299,332;voyage of, down the Magdalena,340;expedition of, to Cundinamarca, difficulty of,360–362RRailways, Colombian,316,317,357,358Raleigh, Sir Walter, on the delta of the Orinoco,71;account by, of the treasures of Guiana,93,94;remarks of, on winter and summer in the tropics,120Rivero, Padre, work of, among the Indians along the Meta,148et seq.;on the couvade among the Indians along the Meta,152Rubber plantations in Colombia,231SSabana de Bogotá,290,317–319Saddle used in Cordilleras,325Santiago de Cuba,28Sargento, El, magnificent view from summit of,340–343Scenery along trail over the eastern Cordilleras,247–249Serpent’s Mouth, strait of, described by Columbus,65Silla, La, mountain of,39Slavery, negro, first introduction of, into America,31–34Soto, Hernando de, in Florida,12Suma Paz, range of,278,279TTelegraph, in the tropics,261Tequendama, Falls of,290,293,294Tierra fria, tierra templada, tierra caliente, characteristics of,270–274Tobacco, discovery of,24;use of, by aborigines of America,24,25;Benzoni, Père Labat, and King James on,24–26;value of, as source of revenue to Spain,27Trapiche, described,332Treasures found by the conquistadores,363Trees, remarkable, in the tropics,156,157Trinidad, island of,54et seq.;scenery of,61,62;smugglers in,63Turtles, immense numbers of, on the sand banks of the Orinoco,132VValencia,45Varnhagen, M., on the discoveries of Americus Vespucius,8,9Venezuela, reflections on,134–138;advantages and natural resources of,134;area of,135;revolutions in,135;future of,136–139Vespucius, Americus, discoverer of Florida,8Villavicencio, town of, visit to,225et seq.WWaraus Indians,94,95Welser colony in Venezuela,239Wild, call of the,261,262Winds, trade, at summit of the Cordilleras,269Women, market, in the Cordilleras,258YYuca, as source of food,180

AAnaconda, Waterton’s description of,75Animals, domestic, in South America,259;introduced by the Spaniards,258,259;extinct,259,260Ant-hills,246Ants in the tropics, depredations of,247Aruac Indians,95Augustine, St., Fla.,5

Anaconda, Waterton’s description of,75Animals, domestic, in South America,259;introduced by the Spaniards,258,259;extinct,259,260Ant-hills,246Ants in the tropics, depredations of,247Aruac Indians,95Augustine, St., Fla.,5

Anaconda, Waterton’s description of,75

Animals, domestic, in South America,259;introduced by the Spaniards,258,259;extinct,259,260

Ant-hills,246

Ants in the tropics, depredations of,247

Aruac Indians,95

Augustine, St., Fla.,5

BBamboo, many uses of,339Bananas, varieties and uses of,179;industry in, extent of,405et seq.;as a food, value of,406,407;legends concerning,418Barranquilla, importance of,377,378Barrigón, description of,195et seq.Beauvois, E., on traditions regarding Fountain of Youth and River Jordan,15et seq.Belalcazar, Sebastian de, meets Quesada and Federmann on plain of Bogotá,294–298,332Bell-bird, Waterton and Sydney Smith on,183Birds, migratory, in the tropics,249–252Boats on the Orinoco,87,88;on the Magdalena,349Bogotá, foundation of,285;location of,286;description and population of,286et seq.;schools and scholars of,300et seq.Bolivar, Simon, liberator of South America,303et seq.;estimates of, by Tejera and Larazabel,304,305;opinions of Hippisley and General Holstein concerning,305–308;ante-mortem statements of,311Brendan, St., in the New World,13;vanishing island of,399,400Buccaneers, origin of,390–392;skill and courage of,393,394;religion of,394;depredations and ferocity of,395,396;secretly encouraged by various governments,397Buena Vista, Colombia, view from,235,236Butterflies, tropical,337,338

Bamboo, many uses of,339Bananas, varieties and uses of,179;industry in, extent of,405et seq.;as a food, value of,406,407;legends concerning,418Barranquilla, importance of,377,378Barrigón, description of,195et seq.Beauvois, E., on traditions regarding Fountain of Youth and River Jordan,15et seq.Belalcazar, Sebastian de, meets Quesada and Federmann on plain of Bogotá,294–298,332Bell-bird, Waterton and Sydney Smith on,183Birds, migratory, in the tropics,249–252Boats on the Orinoco,87,88;on the Magdalena,349Bogotá, foundation of,285;location of,286;description and population of,286et seq.;schools and scholars of,300et seq.Bolivar, Simon, liberator of South America,303et seq.;estimates of, by Tejera and Larazabel,304,305;opinions of Hippisley and General Holstein concerning,305–308;ante-mortem statements of,311Brendan, St., in the New World,13;vanishing island of,399,400Buccaneers, origin of,390–392;skill and courage of,393,394;religion of,394;depredations and ferocity of,395,396;secretly encouraged by various governments,397Buena Vista, Colombia, view from,235,236Butterflies, tropical,337,338

Bamboo, many uses of,339

Bananas, varieties and uses of,179;industry in, extent of,405et seq.;as a food, value of,406,407;legends concerning,418

Barranquilla, importance of,377,378

Barrigón, description of,195et seq.

Beauvois, E., on traditions regarding Fountain of Youth and River Jordan,15et seq.

Belalcazar, Sebastian de, meets Quesada and Federmann on plain of Bogotá,294–298,332

Bell-bird, Waterton and Sydney Smith on,183

Birds, migratory, in the tropics,249–252

Boats on the Orinoco,87,88;on the Magdalena,349

Bogotá, foundation of,285;location of,286;description and population of,286et seq.;schools and scholars of,300et seq.

Bolivar, Simon, liberator of South America,303et seq.;estimates of, by Tejera and Larazabel,304,305;opinions of Hippisley and General Holstein concerning,305–308;ante-mortem statements of,311

Brendan, St., in the New World,13;vanishing island of,399,400

Buccaneers, origin of,390–392;skill and courage of,393,394;religion of,394;depredations and ferocity of,395,396;secretly encouraged by various governments,397

Buena Vista, Colombia, view from,235,236

Butterflies, tropical,337,338

CCabuyaro, village on the Meta,186Calabash tree, utility of,179Callao, Venezuela, mines of,90,91Canoes used by the Indians,174,175Caqueza, experience in,254;climate of,256,257Caracas,41,42;compared with Taormina,42Carib Indians,95,98;misrepresentations of,97,98;language of,99–101Carib fish, remarkable teeth of,181Cariben, Raudal de, scenery about,144Cartagena, location and past history of,380–385Cassiquiare river, first explorer of,142,143Castellanos, Juan de, on the Fountain of Youth,11,12;his work as poet and historian,139,299,318Castle, Morro, in Havana,20;in Santiago,28Cayman, numbers of,366–369Chibchas. See MuiscasChicha, how made and general use of,333–335Chinchona trees in Colombia,231,232Churches, large and beautiful, in South America,260Ciudad Bolivar,102;foundation and description of,102–107Colombians of the eastern Cordilleras, characteristics of,240–244;of Bogotá,313Columbus, Christopher, regards Cuba as Cathay and Española as Japan,21;on scenery of Cuba,23;notions of, about Española,29,30;remains of, in Cathedral of Santo Domingo,35–37;Humboldt’s estimate of,37;monument for,37;view of, regarding the shape of the earth,67;view of, regarding the location of the Garden of Paradise,68;experience of, with storms,386;visits Costa Rica,402–404;at Veragua,425Cordillera, eastern, temperature on summit of,275;hardships endured by Bolivar’s army while crossing,276,277Costa Rica, origin of name,402;scenery in,408,409;railways of,409,423,424;fruits of,410,416–419;negroes of,411,412;coffee of,413;curious beliefs in,422,433Couvade, the, among the Indians of South America,152et seq.Crocodile. See CaymanCross, Southern,101,102Cross section of oriental Andes,326Crosses, before houses along the Meta,185,186Cuba, regarded as Cathay by Columbus,21Curaçao, island of,38Curare poison, composition and manufacture of,169Currency, Colombian, depreciation of,314–316

Cabuyaro, village on the Meta,186Calabash tree, utility of,179Callao, Venezuela, mines of,90,91Canoes used by the Indians,174,175Caqueza, experience in,254;climate of,256,257Caracas,41,42;compared with Taormina,42Carib Indians,95,98;misrepresentations of,97,98;language of,99–101Carib fish, remarkable teeth of,181Cariben, Raudal de, scenery about,144Cartagena, location and past history of,380–385Cassiquiare river, first explorer of,142,143Castellanos, Juan de, on the Fountain of Youth,11,12;his work as poet and historian,139,299,318Castle, Morro, in Havana,20;in Santiago,28Cayman, numbers of,366–369Chibchas. See MuiscasChicha, how made and general use of,333–335Chinchona trees in Colombia,231,232Churches, large and beautiful, in South America,260Ciudad Bolivar,102;foundation and description of,102–107Colombians of the eastern Cordilleras, characteristics of,240–244;of Bogotá,313Columbus, Christopher, regards Cuba as Cathay and Española as Japan,21;on scenery of Cuba,23;notions of, about Española,29,30;remains of, in Cathedral of Santo Domingo,35–37;Humboldt’s estimate of,37;monument for,37;view of, regarding the shape of the earth,67;view of, regarding the location of the Garden of Paradise,68;experience of, with storms,386;visits Costa Rica,402–404;at Veragua,425Cordillera, eastern, temperature on summit of,275;hardships endured by Bolivar’s army while crossing,276,277Costa Rica, origin of name,402;scenery in,408,409;railways of,409,423,424;fruits of,410,416–419;negroes of,411,412;coffee of,413;curious beliefs in,422,433Couvade, the, among the Indians of South America,152et seq.Crocodile. See CaymanCross, Southern,101,102Cross section of oriental Andes,326Crosses, before houses along the Meta,185,186Cuba, regarded as Cathay by Columbus,21Curaçao, island of,38Curare poison, composition and manufacture of,169Currency, Colombian, depreciation of,314–316

Cabuyaro, village on the Meta,186

Calabash tree, utility of,179

Callao, Venezuela, mines of,90,91

Canoes used by the Indians,174,175

Caqueza, experience in,254;climate of,256,257

Caracas,41,42;compared with Taormina,42

Carib Indians,95,98;misrepresentations of,97,98;language of,99–101

Carib fish, remarkable teeth of,181

Cariben, Raudal de, scenery about,144

Cartagena, location and past history of,380–385

Cassiquiare river, first explorer of,142,143

Castellanos, Juan de, on the Fountain of Youth,11,12;his work as poet and historian,139,299,318

Castle, Morro, in Havana,20;in Santiago,28

Cayman, numbers of,366–369

Chibchas. See Muiscas

Chicha, how made and general use of,333–335

Chinchona trees in Colombia,231,232

Churches, large and beautiful, in South America,260

Ciudad Bolivar,102;foundation and description of,102–107

Colombians of the eastern Cordilleras, characteristics of,240–244;of Bogotá,313

Columbus, Christopher, regards Cuba as Cathay and Española as Japan,21;on scenery of Cuba,23;notions of, about Española,29,30;remains of, in Cathedral of Santo Domingo,35–37;Humboldt’s estimate of,37;monument for,37;view of, regarding the shape of the earth,67;view of, regarding the location of the Garden of Paradise,68;experience of, with storms,386;visits Costa Rica,402–404;at Veragua,425

Cordillera, eastern, temperature on summit of,275;hardships endured by Bolivar’s army while crossing,276,277

Costa Rica, origin of name,402;scenery in,408,409;railways of,409,423,424;fruits of,410,416–419;negroes of,411,412;coffee of,413;curious beliefs in,422,433

Couvade, the, among the Indians of South America,152et seq.

Crocodile. See Cayman

Cross, Southern,101,102

Cross section of oriental Andes,326

Crosses, before houses along the Meta,185,186

Cuba, regarded as Cathay by Columbus,21

Curaçao, island of,38

Curare poison, composition and manufacture of,169

Currency, Colombian, depreciation of,314–316

DDarwin, Charles, on tropical scenery,83–86;on extinct mammals in South America,259Dobrizhoffer, Padre, on the Couvade among the Indians of South America,153Domingo, Santo, city of,34–37;cathedral of,35

Darwin, Charles, on tropical scenery,83–86;on extinct mammals in South America,259Dobrizhoffer, Padre, on the Couvade among the Indians of South America,153Domingo, Santo, city of,34–37;cathedral of,35

Darwin, Charles, on tropical scenery,83–86;on extinct mammals in South America,259

Dobrizhoffer, Padre, on the Couvade among the Indians of South America,153

Domingo, Santo, city of,34–37;cathedral of,35

EEgret hunting in South America,107Española, introduction of slavery into,31–34Esquemeling, historian of the Buccaneers,391

Egret hunting in South America,107Española, introduction of slavery into,31–34Esquemeling, historian of the Buccaneers,391

Egret hunting in South America,107

Española, introduction of slavery into,31–34

Esquemeling, historian of the Buccaneers,391

FFedermann, Nicholas, expedition of,238,239;place where he crossed the Cordillera,280;meets Quesadaand Belalcazar on plain of Bogotá,294–298Fireflies, brilliancy of,179,190Florida, as described by early explorers,5,6;origin of name,6,7;when discovered, and by whom,7,8,9Flowers, beauty and abundance of, in the tropics,180Flute bird, musical notes of,184Fountain of Youth and Juan Ponce de Leon,9et seq.;Gomara, Fontenada and Juan de Castellanos on,10–12;Sir John Mandeville regarding,14

Federmann, Nicholas, expedition of,238,239;place where he crossed the Cordillera,280;meets Quesadaand Belalcazar on plain of Bogotá,294–298Fireflies, brilliancy of,179,190Florida, as described by early explorers,5,6;origin of name,6,7;when discovered, and by whom,7,8,9Flowers, beauty and abundance of, in the tropics,180Flute bird, musical notes of,184Fountain of Youth and Juan Ponce de Leon,9et seq.;Gomara, Fontenada and Juan de Castellanos on,10–12;Sir John Mandeville regarding,14

Federmann, Nicholas, expedition of,238,239;place where he crossed the Cordillera,280;meets Quesadaand Belalcazar on plain of Bogotá,294–298

Fireflies, brilliancy of,179,190

Florida, as described by early explorers,5,6;origin of name,6,7;when discovered, and by whom,7,8,9

Flowers, beauty and abundance of, in the tropics,180

Flute bird, musical notes of,184

Fountain of Youth and Juan Ponce de Leon,9et seq.;Gomara, Fontenada and Juan de Castellanos on,10–12;Sir John Mandeville regarding,14

GGermans in South America, enterprise of,173,174,353;early attempt of, at colonization,239Guaduas, beautiful location of,339Guahibos Indians, greatly misrepresented,170Guayra, La, port of,39,40Gumilla, Padre, on Indians of Orinoco delta,78;account of the moriche palm by,78,79

Germans in South America, enterprise of,173,174,353;early attempt of, at colonization,239Guaduas, beautiful location of,339Guahibos Indians, greatly misrepresented,170Guayra, La, port of,39,40Gumilla, Padre, on Indians of Orinoco delta,78;account of the moriche palm by,78,79

Germans in South America, enterprise of,173,174,353;early attempt of, at colonization,239

Guaduas, beautiful location of,339

Guahibos Indians, greatly misrepresented,170

Guayra, La, port of,39,40

Gumilla, Padre, on Indians of Orinoco delta,78;account of the moriche palm by,78,79

HHaiti,29et seq.Hammock, general use of, in the tropics,177Havana,20et seq.Hohermuth, George—Jorge de Spira—expedition of,237,238Home-builders, in the eastern Cordilleras of Colombia,244–246Honda, description of,346–348Hospitality of the people in the equatorial regions,187,188,220Humming-birds,338Hütten, Philip von, wanderings of,238

Haiti,29et seq.Hammock, general use of, in the tropics,177Havana,20et seq.Hohermuth, George—Jorge de Spira—expedition of,237,238Home-builders, in the eastern Cordilleras of Colombia,244–246Honda, description of,346–348Hospitality of the people in the equatorial regions,187,188,220Humming-birds,338Hütten, Philip von, wanderings of,238

Haiti,29et seq.

Hammock, general use of, in the tropics,177

Havana,20et seq.

Hohermuth, George—Jorge de Spira—expedition of,237,238

Home-builders, in the eastern Cordilleras of Colombia,244–246

Honda, description of,346–348

Hospitality of the people in the equatorial regions,187,188,220

Humming-birds,338

Hütten, Philip von, wanderings of,238

IIndians, of Cumana, gentleness of,47;former missions among, along the Meta and in Casanare,155,156;simplicity of homes of,178,179,246;legends and superstitions of,264–267

Indians, of Cumana, gentleness of,47;former missions among, along the Meta and in Casanare,155,156;simplicity of homes of,178,179,246;legends and superstitions of,264–267

JJosé, San, capital of Costa Rica, attractions of,414–416;people of,421,422

José, San, capital of Costa Rica, attractions of,414–416;people of,421,422

KKeys, Florida,18,19

Keys, Florida,18,19

LLabat, Père, on introduction and use of tobacco,25;on language of Caribs,99–101Las Casas, Bishop, on cruelty to Indians,28,29;projected commonwealth of,47,48;words from will of,49;Fiske’s eulogy on,49;diocese of,387;Thacher’s eulogy on,388Leon, Juan Ponce de,9et seq.;remains of, in Puerto Rico,38Lights, mysterious, on the Andes,191et seq.Llanos of Colombia,202et seq.;herds on,204,205;value of pastures of,205;accessibility of,205;as a region for investment and exploitation,207;inhabitants of,210et seq.;poets of,211,212;trails in,214,215Llanos of Venezuela,126–129;inhabitants of,129,131;remarkable capture of Spanish gun-boats by Llaneros under Paez,131Loneliness in the mountains,263

Labat, Père, on introduction and use of tobacco,25;on language of Caribs,99–101Las Casas, Bishop, on cruelty to Indians,28,29;projected commonwealth of,47,48;words from will of,49;Fiske’s eulogy on,49;diocese of,387;Thacher’s eulogy on,388Leon, Juan Ponce de,9et seq.;remains of, in Puerto Rico,38Lights, mysterious, on the Andes,191et seq.Llanos of Colombia,202et seq.;herds on,204,205;value of pastures of,205;accessibility of,205;as a region for investment and exploitation,207;inhabitants of,210et seq.;poets of,211,212;trails in,214,215Llanos of Venezuela,126–129;inhabitants of,129,131;remarkable capture of Spanish gun-boats by Llaneros under Paez,131Loneliness in the mountains,263

Labat, Père, on introduction and use of tobacco,25;on language of Caribs,99–101

Las Casas, Bishop, on cruelty to Indians,28,29;projected commonwealth of,47,48;words from will of,49;Fiske’s eulogy on,49;diocese of,387;Thacher’s eulogy on,388

Leon, Juan Ponce de,9et seq.;remains of, in Puerto Rico,38

Lights, mysterious, on the Andes,191et seq.

Llanos of Colombia,202et seq.;herds on,204,205;value of pastures of,205;accessibility of,205;as a region for investment and exploitation,207;inhabitants of,210et seq.;poets of,211,212;trails in,214,215

Llanos of Venezuela,126–129;inhabitants of,129,131;remarkable capture of Spanish gun-boats by Llaneros under Paez,131

Loneliness in the mountains,263

MMagdalena river, description of,350,351;navigation on,351,352;frequent changes in bed of,353,355;as commercial highway,355,356,357;inhabitants in valley of,358;scenery along,358,359;fauna in the valley of,364et seq.Main, Spanish, meaning of,39Mandeville, Sir John, on Fountain of Youth,14Margarita, island of, and its pearl fisheries,49–53Martyr, Peter, father of American history,7;about Indian dwellings on tree tops,77Meta river, size of,146;traveling on,159;inhabitants along,160;beauty of scenery along,190,191;navigability of,206;should be open to all vessels,230Milk tree,157Missions, Indian,86Monkey bridges, stories about,151Montaña, traveling in,201,221Muiscas,319et seq.;an agricultural people,320;commerce of,321;civilization and culture of,322–324;trails of,332Mule, Andean, idiosyncrasies of,239,240,336–337

Magdalena river, description of,350,351;navigation on,351,352;frequent changes in bed of,353,355;as commercial highway,355,356,357;inhabitants in valley of,358;scenery along,358,359;fauna in the valley of,364et seq.Main, Spanish, meaning of,39Mandeville, Sir John, on Fountain of Youth,14Margarita, island of, and its pearl fisheries,49–53Martyr, Peter, father of American history,7;about Indian dwellings on tree tops,77Meta river, size of,146;traveling on,159;inhabitants along,160;beauty of scenery along,190,191;navigability of,206;should be open to all vessels,230Milk tree,157Missions, Indian,86Monkey bridges, stories about,151Montaña, traveling in,201,221Muiscas,319et seq.;an agricultural people,320;commerce of,321;civilization and culture of,322–324;trails of,332Mule, Andean, idiosyncrasies of,239,240,336–337

Main, Spanish, meaning of,39

Mandeville, Sir John, on Fountain of Youth,14

Margarita, island of, and its pearl fisheries,49–53

Martyr, Peter, father of American history,7;about Indian dwellings on tree tops,77

Meta river, size of,146;traveling on,159;inhabitants along,160;beauty of scenery along,190,191;navigability of,206;should be open to all vessels,230

Milk tree,157

Missions, Indian,86

Monkey bridges, stories about,151

Montaña, traveling in,201,221

Muiscas,319et seq.;an agricultural people,320;commerce of,321;civilization and culture of,322–324;trails of,332

Mule, Andean, idiosyncrasies of,239,240,336–337

OOcoa river, difficulty in crossing,222–225Orchids, beauty and number of species of, in the tropics,161–163,359Ordaz, Diego de, an officer under Cortez, explores the Orinoco,140–142Orinoco, delta of, described by Sir Walter Raleigh,70,71;exuberant vegetation of,75;stories about Indians having houses on tops of trees in,76,78;exploration of, by A. E. Level,80,81;inhabitants of,81Orinoco river, first view of,72;magnitude of,82;scenery along,83;fauna in valley of,85,86;steamers on,87;travelers on,88,89;erroneous notions about,114–119;insects along,114;temperature in valley of,116,117;temperature and turbidity of water of,133Orocué, capital of a prefecture, described,166

Ocoa river, difficulty in crossing,222–225Orchids, beauty and number of species of, in the tropics,161–163,359Ordaz, Diego de, an officer under Cortez, explores the Orinoco,140–142Orinoco, delta of, described by Sir Walter Raleigh,70,71;exuberant vegetation of,75;stories about Indians having houses on tops of trees in,76,78;exploration of, by A. E. Level,80,81;inhabitants of,81Orinoco river, first view of,72;magnitude of,82;scenery along,83;fauna in valley of,85,86;steamers on,87;travelers on,88,89;erroneous notions about,114–119;insects along,114;temperature in valley of,116,117;temperature and turbidity of water of,133Orocué, capital of a prefecture, described,166

Ocoa river, difficulty in crossing,222–225

Orchids, beauty and number of species of, in the tropics,161–163,359

Ordaz, Diego de, an officer under Cortez, explores the Orinoco,140–142

Orinoco, delta of, described by Sir Walter Raleigh,70,71;exuberant vegetation of,75;stories about Indians having houses on tops of trees in,76,78;exploration of, by A. E. Level,80,81;inhabitants of,81

Orinoco river, first view of,72;magnitude of,82;scenery along,83;fauna in valley of,85,86;steamers on,87;travelers on,88,89;erroneous notions about,114–119;insects along,114;temperature in valley of,116,117;temperature and turbidity of water of,133

Orocué, capital of a prefecture, described,166

PPalms, number of species and uses of,78,79,203,204,371–374Paradise, Terrestrial,68,69,400,401Paramo, defined,272; flora of,273;dangers in,274Paria, gulf of,64et seq.Pearl Coast,46et seq.Pirates,388,389Pitch Lake,62Platanos, as food in the tropics,179,198Poncho, description and use of,213,214Porpoises, fresh water,182Port-of-Spain, botanical garden of,58–60Puerto Cabello,45Puerto Limon, importance of,404,405Puerto Rico,38

Palms, number of species and uses of,78,79,203,204,371–374Paradise, Terrestrial,68,69,400,401Paramo, defined,272; flora of,273;dangers in,274Paria, gulf of,64et seq.Pearl Coast,46et seq.Pirates,388,389Pitch Lake,62Platanos, as food in the tropics,179,198Poncho, description and use of,213,214Porpoises, fresh water,182Port-of-Spain, botanical garden of,58–60Puerto Cabello,45Puerto Limon, importance of,404,405Puerto Rico,38

Palms, number of species and uses of,78,79,203,204,371–374

Paradise, Terrestrial,68,69,400,401

Paramo, defined,272; flora of,273;dangers in,274

Paria, gulf of,64et seq.

Pearl Coast,46et seq.

Pirates,388,389

Pitch Lake,62

Platanos, as food in the tropics,179,198

Poncho, description and use of,213,214

Porpoises, fresh water,182

Port-of-Spain, botanical garden of,58–60

Puerto Cabello,45

Puerto Limon, importance of,404,405

Puerto Rico,38

QQuesada, Gonzalo, Jimenez de,285,294;buried in cathedral of Bogotá,299;first man of letters of Bogotá,299,332;voyage of, down the Magdalena,340;expedition of, to Cundinamarca, difficulty of,360–362

Quesada, Gonzalo, Jimenez de,285,294;buried in cathedral of Bogotá,299;first man of letters of Bogotá,299,332;voyage of, down the Magdalena,340;expedition of, to Cundinamarca, difficulty of,360–362

RRailways, Colombian,316,317,357,358Raleigh, Sir Walter, on the delta of the Orinoco,71;account by, of the treasures of Guiana,93,94;remarks of, on winter and summer in the tropics,120Rivero, Padre, work of, among the Indians along the Meta,148et seq.;on the couvade among the Indians along the Meta,152Rubber plantations in Colombia,231

Railways, Colombian,316,317,357,358Raleigh, Sir Walter, on the delta of the Orinoco,71;account by, of the treasures of Guiana,93,94;remarks of, on winter and summer in the tropics,120Rivero, Padre, work of, among the Indians along the Meta,148et seq.;on the couvade among the Indians along the Meta,152Rubber plantations in Colombia,231

Railways, Colombian,316,317,357,358

Raleigh, Sir Walter, on the delta of the Orinoco,71;account by, of the treasures of Guiana,93,94;remarks of, on winter and summer in the tropics,120

Rivero, Padre, work of, among the Indians along the Meta,148et seq.;on the couvade among the Indians along the Meta,152

Rubber plantations in Colombia,231

SSabana de Bogotá,290,317–319Saddle used in Cordilleras,325Santiago de Cuba,28Sargento, El, magnificent view from summit of,340–343Scenery along trail over the eastern Cordilleras,247–249Serpent’s Mouth, strait of, described by Columbus,65Silla, La, mountain of,39Slavery, negro, first introduction of, into America,31–34Soto, Hernando de, in Florida,12Suma Paz, range of,278,279

Sabana de Bogotá,290,317–319Saddle used in Cordilleras,325Santiago de Cuba,28Sargento, El, magnificent view from summit of,340–343Scenery along trail over the eastern Cordilleras,247–249Serpent’s Mouth, strait of, described by Columbus,65Silla, La, mountain of,39Slavery, negro, first introduction of, into America,31–34Soto, Hernando de, in Florida,12Suma Paz, range of,278,279

Sabana de Bogotá,290,317–319

Saddle used in Cordilleras,325

Santiago de Cuba,28

Sargento, El, magnificent view from summit of,340–343

Scenery along trail over the eastern Cordilleras,247–249

Serpent’s Mouth, strait of, described by Columbus,65

Silla, La, mountain of,39

Slavery, negro, first introduction of, into America,31–34

Soto, Hernando de, in Florida,12

Suma Paz, range of,278,279

TTelegraph, in the tropics,261Tequendama, Falls of,290,293,294Tierra fria, tierra templada, tierra caliente, characteristics of,270–274Tobacco, discovery of,24;use of, by aborigines of America,24,25;Benzoni, Père Labat, and King James on,24–26;value of, as source of revenue to Spain,27Trapiche, described,332Treasures found by the conquistadores,363Trees, remarkable, in the tropics,156,157Trinidad, island of,54et seq.;scenery of,61,62;smugglers in,63Turtles, immense numbers of, on the sand banks of the Orinoco,132

Telegraph, in the tropics,261Tequendama, Falls of,290,293,294Tierra fria, tierra templada, tierra caliente, characteristics of,270–274Tobacco, discovery of,24;use of, by aborigines of America,24,25;Benzoni, Père Labat, and King James on,24–26;value of, as source of revenue to Spain,27Trapiche, described,332Treasures found by the conquistadores,363Trees, remarkable, in the tropics,156,157Trinidad, island of,54et seq.;scenery of,61,62;smugglers in,63Turtles, immense numbers of, on the sand banks of the Orinoco,132

Telegraph, in the tropics,261

Tequendama, Falls of,290,293,294

Tierra fria, tierra templada, tierra caliente, characteristics of,270–274

Tobacco, discovery of,24;use of, by aborigines of America,24,25;Benzoni, Père Labat, and King James on,24–26;value of, as source of revenue to Spain,27

Trapiche, described,332

Treasures found by the conquistadores,363

Trees, remarkable, in the tropics,156,157

Trinidad, island of,54et seq.;scenery of,61,62;smugglers in,63

Turtles, immense numbers of, on the sand banks of the Orinoco,132

VValencia,45Varnhagen, M., on the discoveries of Americus Vespucius,8,9Venezuela, reflections on,134–138;advantages and natural resources of,134;area of,135;revolutions in,135;future of,136–139Vespucius, Americus, discoverer of Florida,8Villavicencio, town of, visit to,225et seq.

Valencia,45Varnhagen, M., on the discoveries of Americus Vespucius,8,9Venezuela, reflections on,134–138;advantages and natural resources of,134;area of,135;revolutions in,135;future of,136–139Vespucius, Americus, discoverer of Florida,8Villavicencio, town of, visit to,225et seq.

Valencia,45

Varnhagen, M., on the discoveries of Americus Vespucius,8,9

Venezuela, reflections on,134–138;advantages and natural resources of,134;area of,135;revolutions in,135;future of,136–139

Vespucius, Americus, discoverer of Florida,8

Villavicencio, town of, visit to,225et seq.

WWaraus Indians,94,95Welser colony in Venezuela,239Wild, call of the,261,262Winds, trade, at summit of the Cordilleras,269Women, market, in the Cordilleras,258

Waraus Indians,94,95Welser colony in Venezuela,239Wild, call of the,261,262Winds, trade, at summit of the Cordilleras,269Women, market, in the Cordilleras,258

Waraus Indians,94,95

Welser colony in Venezuela,239

Wild, call of the,261,262

Winds, trade, at summit of the Cordilleras,269

Women, market, in the Cordilleras,258

YYuca, as source of food,180

Yuca, as source of food,180

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