AAdam, Paul, quoted concerning case of Ravachol,81-82.Agents provocateurs, work of, in popular uprisings and socialist and labor movements,110-120,203-204,264;use of private detectives as, in United States,290-292,312-314.Alexander II of Russia, assassination of,56,221.America.SeeUnited States.Anarchism, introduction of doctrines of, in Western Europe by Bakounin,5 ff.;secret societies founded in interests of,11-14;insurrections under auspices of,28-39;criticism of, by socialists,40;uprisings in Italy fathered by,41-44;unbridgeable chasm between socialism and,47-48;with the Propaganda of the Deed becomes synonymous with violence and crime,55;foothold secured by, in Germany,55-57;in Austria-Hungary,57-58;agitation in France,58-60;doctrines of, carried to America by Johann Most,64-68;the Haymarket tragedy,68-70;defense of, by Benjamin R. Tucker, and disowning of terrorist tactics,70-74;responsibility for deeds of leaders of, laid at Bismarck's door,74-75;assassination of President McKinley and shooting of H. C. Frick,75;failure of, to take firm root in America any more than in Germany and England,75-76;in the Latin countries,76;acts of violence in name of, in Europe,77-89;question of responsibility of, for acts of violence committed by terrorists,90 ff.;different types attracted by socialism and,92-93;the psychology of devotees of,93-94;causes of terrorist tactics assigned by Catholic Church to doctrines of socialism,98-100;source of, traceable to great-man theory,102 ff.;work of police agents in connection with,110-120;the battle between socialism and,154-192;emergence of, as a distinct philosophy,193;history of, after Hague congress of 1872,194 ff.;congress in Geneva in 1873,196-199;insolvable problem created by, in rejecting political action of the working class,200;assaults on the Marxists by adherents of,201-204;bitter warfare between socialism and,201-205;appearance of syndicalism as an aid to,229-239;ignoring of, in socialist congresses,232;appearance of the "intellectuals" in ranks of,239-241;similarities between philosophies and methods of syndicalism and,239-245;differences between syndicalism and,245-246;consideration of the oldest form of, that of the wealthy and ruling classes,276-326;of the powerful in the United States,280 ff.Andrieux, French revolutionist,29.Angiolillo, Italian terrorist,87.Anti-socialist law, Bismarck's, responsible for Most's career as aterrorist,74-75;passage of, and chief measures contained in,214-217;growth of socialist vote under,225;failure and repeal of,225-226.Arson practiced by revolutionists in America,73-74.Assassination, preaching of, by Bakounin and Nechayeff,18;practice of, by anarchists in France,77-89;the Catholic Church and,98-100;glorification of, in history,101-103.Atwell, B. A., on character of deputy marshals in Chicago railway strike,300.Australia, parliamentary power of socialists in,329,330.Austria, Empress of, assassinated by Italian anarchist,87.Austria-Hungary, development and checking of anarchist movement in,57-58;growth of socialist and labor vote in,328.BBaker, Ray Stannard, quoted on character of deputy marshals in Chicago railway strike,299-300.Bakounin, Michael, father of terrorism,4;admiration of, for Satan,5;views held by, on absolutism,5-6;destruction of all States and all Churches advocated by,6;varying opinions of,7;shown to be human in his contradictions,7-8;chief characteristics and qualities of his many-sided nature,8;birth, family, and early life,8-9;leaves Russia for Germany, Switzerland, and France,9;meets Proudhon, Marx, George Sand, and other revolutionary spirits,9;leads insurrectionary movements,9-10;captured, sentenced to death, and finally banished to Siberia,10;escapes and reaches England,10;change in views shown in writings of,10-11;spends some time in Italy,11-12;forms secret organization of revolutionists,11-13;the International Brothers, the National Brothers, and the International Alliance of Social Democracy,12-14;enters the International Working Men's Association, with the hope of securing leadership,15;declares war on political and economic powers of Europe and assails Marx, Engels, and other leaders,15-16;interest of, in Russian affairs,16;collaborates with Sergei Nechayeff,16-17;expounds doctrines of criminal activity,17-22;the "Words Addressed to Students,"17-19;the "Revolutionary Catechism,"19-22;quarrel between Nechayeff and,23-26;remains in Switzerland and trains young revolutionists,26-27;takes part in unsuccessful insurrection at Lyons,28-35;Marx quoted concerning action of, at Lyons,35-36;influence of, felt in Spanish revolution of 1873,37-41;in Italy, during uprisings of 1874,42-43;retires from public life,45-46;humiliating experiences of last years,46-47;opinions expressed by anarchists and by socialists concerning, upon death of,47-48;teachings of, the inspiration of the Propaganda of the Deed,52;principles of, preached by Johann Most,65;spread of terrorist ideas of, in America,65;history of the battle between Marx and,154-193;suspected and charged with being a Russian police agent,156,158;quoted on Marx,157;victory won over Marx by, at Basel congress of International in 1869,162-169;attack of Marx and his followers on, and reply by, in the "Study upon the German Jews,"169-171;floodof literature by, based on his antagonism to religion and to Government,172-174;inability of, to comprehend doctrines of Marxian socialism,178-179;irreconcilability of doctrines of, with those of socialists,179-185;expulsion of, from the International,191;attacks the General Council of the International as a new incarnation of the State,195;quoted to show antagonism between his doctrines and those of Marxists,251;the robber worship of,278-279.Barcelona, bomb-throwing in,87.Barrot, Odilon,348.Basel, congress of International at (1869),162-169.Bauer, Heinrich,131.Bauler, Madame A., quoted on influence of Bakounin,26-27.Bebel, August, quoted on Bismarck's repressive measures,55-56;quoted on Johann Most,74-75;reveals participations of high officials in crimes of the anarchists,114-118;mentioned,205,209-210;account of struggle between Bismarck and party of,211-227;State-socialist propositions favored by,255-256.Beesby, E. S.,35;urges political activity on early trade unions,151.Beet, Thomas, exposure by, of evils attending use of detectives in United States,283-284,290-291,314.Berkman, Alexander, shooting of H. C. Frick by,75;motive which actuated,101;events which led up to action of,292-295;fate of, contrasted with that of agents of the anarchy of the wealthy during Homestead strike,295.Bern, revolutionary manifestation at (1877),53.Berth, Edward, quoted in connection with the "intellectuals,"240-241;mentioned,270,353.Bismarck, stirs up Germany against social-democratic party on account of anarchistic acts,55;effect of action of, on anarchism in Germany,56;responsibility of, for Johann Most and other terrorists, and for Haymarket tragedy,74-75;Bebel quoted in connection with the hero-worship of, in Germany,103-104;admiration of, for Lassalle,206;corruption introduced into German labor movement by,210-211;exposed by Liebknecht and Bebel, begins war upon Marxian socialists,211-212;futile efforts of, to provoke social democrats to violence,218-219;reaction of his violent measures upon himself,227.Blanc, Gaspard,29,31.Blanc, Louis,128,129,353;Lassalle's views compared with those of,207.Blanqui, socialist insurrectionist,128-129.Bonnot, French motor bandit,88-89,104.Booth, J. Wilkes, motive which actuated, in killing of Lincoln,101.Brandes, George, "Young Germany" by,132;quoted on Lassalle,205-206.Brass, August, tool of Bismarck,211.Bray, J. F.,130.Bresci, Gaetano, assassin of King Humbert,87.Briand, Aristide,184 n.,270,353.Brousse, Paul,49,196-197,198;originates phrase, "the Propaganda of the Deed,"51-52;leads revolutionary manifestationat Bern,53;leaves the Bakouninists,204.Bucher, Lothar, tool of Bismarck,210.Burlington strike, outrages by private detectives during,296.Burns, William J., quoted on character of detectives as a class,284-285.CCabet, utopian socialism of,144.Cafiero, Carlo, Italian revolutionist, disciple of Bakounin,38,45,46,47,49,50,51,54.Camorra, an organization of Italians which pursues terrorist tactics,100."Capital," Marx's work,152,344.Capitalism, workingmen's ignorance concerning, previous to advent of Karl Marx,338-341.Carnot, President, assassination of,85.Caserio, assassin of President Carnot,79,85-86.Castillo, Canovas del, torture of suspected terrorists by,87.Catholic Church, burden of anarchism laid on doctrines of socialism by,98;right of assassination upheld by clergy of,98-99;terrorist tactics pursued by organizations of,100.Cerretti, Celso, Italian insurrectionist,42.Chartists, the,130,136,137,149.Cluseret, General,29,32,36.Colorado, governmental tyranny during labor wars in,217;political and industrial battles in (1894-1904),302-311.Commune of Paris, viewed as a spontaneous uprising of the working class,36-37.Communist League, Marx presents his views to, resulting in the Communist Manifesto,137-138.Communist Manifesto, of Marx and Engels,137-141;the universal text-book of the socialist movement,334.Communist societies in Germany,131.Congress of United States, socialists not represented in,330,333.Congresses, international, of socialists,334.Cooper, Thomas,130.Coöperative movement, beginning of, in England,130;progress in growth of,331-332.Corruption, the omnipresence of,263-264.Costa, Andrea,42;at anarchist congress in Geneva (1873),197-198;article by, attacking socialists,201;leaves the Bakouninists,204.Courts, prevalence of violence set down to corruption of,107,108.Cramer, Peter J., union leader killed by special police,287.Criminal elements, part played by, in uprisings,109-110;use of, as the tool of reactionary intrigue,110 ff.,281-326.Cripple Creek, Colo., strike,304-306.Cyvoct, militant anarchist of Lyons,59-60.Czolgosz, assassin of President McKinley,75,88;motive which actuated,101.DDebs, Eugene V., on instigation to violence by deputies in Chicago railway strike,301-302.Decamps, French terrorist,79.Delesalle, French anarchist, a sponsor of sabotage as a war measure of trade unionists,236.Democracy, attacks of syndicalism on,264-265;view of the present day as the age of,349;to be achieved only through democracy,350,352;eternal faith of socialists in,353.Detectives, employment of, as weapons of anarchists of thewealthy class in the United States,281 ff.;character of the so-called, employed during big strikes in United States,282-290;use of, as instigators and perpetrators of acts of violence,290-292,299-302,312-314;pecuniary interest of, in provoking crime,314;intentional misleading of employers by,316-319;prolongation of strikes by,319-320;a few of the outrages committed by,320-321.Deville, Gabriel,202.Direct action, opposed by syndicalists to the political action of socialists,267 ff.;cannot be revolutionary action and is destined to failure,272.Duehring, Eugene, mistaken views of socialism held by,186.Duval, Clément, French anarchist and robber,77-78.Dynamite, glorifying of, by terrorists, as the poor man's weapon against capitalism,69.EEccarius, reply of, to Bakounin at Basel congress,178;at anarchist congress in Geneva (1873),196.Egoistic conception of history, carried to its extreme by anarchism,102 ff.Engels, Frederick,15;criticism by, of position of Bakouninists in Spanish revolution,40,41;description by, of early communist societies in Germany,131;first meeting of Marx and, and beginning of their coöperative labors,132-133;reply of, to Dr. Duehring,186;socialist view of the State as expressed by,257-258;on the lasting power exercised by Marx over the labor movement,338;on the reorganization of society through the conscious coöperation of the masses,347-348.FFenians, an organization of Irishmen which pursued terrorist tactics,100.Feudal lords, anarchism of the,277-278,279.Fortis, Italian revolutionist,42.Fourier,128;utopian socialism of,144.France, anarchist activities in (1882),58-60;deeds of terrorists in,77-86;effects of terrorist tactics in,86-87;crimes of motor bandits in,88-89;early days of socialism in,128-129;launching of socialist labor party in (1878),202-203;individualism in, one cause for rise of syndicalism,242-243;poverty as a cause for reliance upon violence of trade unions in,244.Frick, Henry C., shooting of,75;events which led up to shooting of,292-295.Fruneau, quoted on corruption in revolutions,263.GGeneral Confederation of Labor, organization of,233.General strike, inauguration of idea, by French trade unionists,233-234;Guérard's argument for,234-235;notable points in program of action of,235-236;program of trade unionists in case of success in,237-238;conditions which produce agitation for,243-244;doubts of syndicalists as to success of a peaceable strike,246-247;Jaurès' warning against the,270;ridicule of, by Marx and Engels,343.Geneva, congress of anarchists at, in 1873,196-199.Germany, beginning of anarchist activity in,55-57;great political organization built up bysocialists in,203;meteoric career of Lassalle in,205-209;history of Bismarck's losing battle with social democracy in,211-227;State ownership favored by socialists in,254-256;growth of socialist and labor vote in,328;strong parliamentary position of socialists in,329-330.Goldman, Emma, quoted on Johann Most,67;quoted on causes of violent acts by terrorists,91;on the connection of police with anarchist outrages,119.Grave, Jean, French anarchist,81.Gray, John,130.Great-man theory, terrorist deeds of violence traceable to,102 ff.Guérard, argument of, for revolutionary general strike,234-235.Guesde, Jules,202,204;quoted on direct action vs. political action,267-269.Guillaume, James, Swiss revolutionist, friend of Bakounin,28,38,42,45,47,53,197,199,229;takes part in manifestation at Bern (1877),53.HHales, John, at anarchist congress in Geneva (1873),196-199.Hall, Charles,130.Harney, George Julian,137.Harrison, Frederic, quoted,151.Hasselmann, German revolutionist,56,65;ejection of, from socialist party,220.Haymarket catastrophe, Chicago,68-70.Henry, Émile, French terrorist,79,84-85,104.Herwegh, German poet and revolutionist,157-158.Hess, Moritz, secret history of Basel congress of 1869 by,169-170.Hillquit, Morris, description by, of battle between strikers and detectives at Homestead,293-294.Hins, follower of Bakounin, quoted,163;outlines, in 1869, program of modern syndicalists,166-167.Hödel, assassin of Emperor William,55,213.Hodgskin, Thomas,130.Hogan, "Kid," quoted on strike-breakers,288-289.Homestead strike, character of Pinkertons employed in,285-286;account of battle between strikers and special police,292-294.Houses of the People, in Europe,332.Humbert, King, attempt upon life of,55;assassination of,87.Hume, Joseph,130.IIndividualism in France a contributing cause to rise of syndicalism,242-243.Industrial Workers of the World, American syndicalism,247 n.Inheritance, abolition of right of, advocated by Bakounin,163-164.Intellectuals, appearance of, as an aid to anarchism,239-241;lack of real understanding of labor movement by, and fate of,354.International Alliance of Social Democracy,12-14.International Brothers,12-14.International Working Men's Association (the "International"), Bakounin's attempt to inject his ideas into,7,15;launching of the,145-146;beginning made by, in actual political work,150-152;struggles in, between followers of Marx and followers of Bakounin's anarchist doctrines,154 ff.;congress of, at Basel in 1869 the turning-point in its history,162-168;overturning of foundation principles of, owing to anarchist tendencies of the congress,168;period of slight accomplishment, from 1869 to1873,189-190;congress of 1873 at The Hague,191;expulsion of Bakounin and removal of seat of General Council to New York,191-192;motives of Marx in destroying,192;one chief result of existence of, the distinct separation of anarchism and socialism,192-193;attempts of Bakouninists to revive, after Hague congress,196 ff.;end of efforts of anarchists to build a new,200.International Working People's Association, anarchist society in America,68,73.Italy, anarchist uprisings in, in 1874,41-44;demonstration under doctrines of Propaganda of the Deed in (1877),53-54;reasons for individual execution of justice in, found in expense of official justice and corruptness of courts,108;conditions in, leading to rise of syndicalism,242,243;socialist and labor vote in,328;parliamentary strength of socialists in,330.Iwanoff, Russian revolutionist,22-23.JJaclard, Victor,14,29.Jaurès, tribute paid to Marx by,152-153;warning pronounced by, against the general strike,270.Jesuits and doctrine of assassination,98-99.Jones, Ernest,130.KKammerer, anarchist in Austria-Hungary,57,58.Kampffmeyer, Paul, quoted on State-socialist propositions in Germany,255.Kautsky, Karl, on the Statism of the socialist party,256.Kropotkin, Prince,49-50;enthusiasm of, over the Propaganda of the Deed,52;quoted on anarchist activities at Lyons,59;on act of United States Supreme Court declaring unconstitutional the eight-hour law on Government work,62-63;quoted on the Pittsburgh strike,63-64;on treatment of anarchists by socialists,92 n.;quoted on Russian secret police system,113 n.;articles by, attacking socialist parliamentary tactics,201-202;on the necessity of parliamentary action in distribution of land after the French Revolution,272.LLabor movement, violence characteristic of early years of the,125-126;beginning of real building of, in the middle of the last century,127;profit to, from aid of "intellectual" circles,127;in France,128-129;in England,129-131;setback to, in England due to various causes,131;beginnings of, in Germany,131-134;beginning of work of Marx and Engels in connection with,132 ff.;attempt of early socialist and anarchist sects to inject their ideas into,145;launching of the International,145 ff.;entrance of the International into actual political work,150-152;the ideal of the labor movement as expressed by Lincoln,152;part played by the International as an organization of labor,192;origins of, in Germany,209;Bismarck's persecution of social democrats in Germany,211-227;entrance of anarchism into, in France,231 ff.;illegitimate activities of capital against, in United States,280-326;process of building structure of the present,335-337;position as a great and material actuality,337;tracing of work done by Marx in connection with,338 ff.;progress of, as indicated by socialist and labor vote,328-329;parliamentary strength of,329-331;growth of coöperations and trade unions,331-333.Labor Standardarticle on United States Supreme Court decision,62-63.Labor Temples in Europe,332.Labriola, Arturo, syndicalist criticism of socialism by,249-251;views of, on Parliamentarism,261.Lafargue, Paul,202.Lagardelle, on the antagonism of syndicalism and democracy,264-265.Lankiewicz, Valence,28.Lassalle, German socialist agitator,205 ff.;by organizing the Universal German Working Men's Association, becomes founder of German labor movement,209;relations between Bismarck and,210.Legien, Carl, quoted on French labor movement,243.Le Vin, detective, quoted on character of special police,286.Levine, Louis, "The Labor Movement in France" by, quoted,244.Liebknecht, Wilhelm, quoted on Marx's opposition to insurrection led by Herwegh,158;mentioned,205,209-210;efforts of Bismarck to corrupt,211;persecution of, by Bismarck,211-212;frank statement of republican principles by,212-213;quoted on defeat of Bismarck by socialists,226;quoted as in favor of State-socialist propositions in Germany,256.Lincoln, Abraham, ideal of the labor movement as expressed by,152.Lingg, Louis, Chicago anarchist,70,95.Lombroso, on corrective measures to be used with anarchists,96-97;on the complicity of criminality and politics,109.Lovett, William,130.Luccheni, Italian assassin,87.Lynchings, an explanation given for,107,108.Lyons, unsuccessful insurrection at, in 1870,28-35.MMcDowell, Malcomb, on character of deputy marshals in Chicago railway strike,300-301.McKinley, President, assassination of,75,88.McNamaras, the,318,324.Mafia, the, an organization of Italians which pursues terrorist tactics,100.Malatesta, Enrico, Italian revolutionist,43-44,49,51.Manufacturers' Association, lawless work of the,318.Mariana, Jesuit who upheld assassination of tyrants,98,99.Marx, Karl, view of Bakounin held by,7;meeting of Bakounin and,9;assailed by Bakounin upon latter's entrance into the International,15-16;quoted on the insurrection at Lyons in 1870,35-36;on Bakounin's "abolition of the State,"36;on the Commune of Paris,37;education and early career of,132-134;the Communist Manifesto,137-141;resignation of, from central council of Communist League,141-142;gives evidence of perception of lack of revolutionary promise in sectarian organizations, secret societies, and political conspiracies,142;gigantic intellectual labors of, in laying foundations of a scientific socialism,143;the International launched by,145-146;essence of socialism of, inPreamble of the Provisional Rules of the International,147-148;statement of idea of, as to revolutionary character of political activity,149-150;immense work of, in connection with the International, and publishing of "Capital" by,152;summing up of services of, by Jaurès,152-153;the battle between Bakounin and,154 ff.;annoyance and humiliation of, by victory of Bakouninists at Basel congress,168-169;bitter attack made on Bakounin and his circle by,169-170;motives of, in destroying the International by moving seat of General Council to New York,191-192;Bismarck's attempt to corrupt,210;view held by, of the State and its functions,257;quoted on "parliamentary crétinism,"261-262;battles of workingmen fought on lines laid down by,338;immensity of task actually executed by,344-356.Merlino, Italian anarchist,81.Michel, Louise, French anarchist,60.Milwaukee, character of special police employed during molders' strike in,286-287.Mine Owners' Association, anarchism of, in Colorado,304-311.Moll, Joseph,132,137.Molly Maguires, an organization of Irishmen which pursued terrorist tactics,100.Most, Johann, a product of Bismarck's man-hunting policy and legal tyranny,56;the Freiheit of,57,65;brings terrorist ideas of Bakounin and Nechayeff to America,64-65;early history of,65-66;Emma Goldman's description of,67;effect of agitation and doctrines of, on socialism in America,67-68;climax of theories of, reached in the Haymarket tragedy, Chicago,68-70;article on "Revolutionary Principles" by,69-70;history of terrorist tactics in America centers about career of,74;responsibility of anti-socialist laws for misguided efforts and final downfall of,74-75;ejected from socialist party for advocating violence in war with Bismarck,219-220.Motor bandits, career of, in France,88-89.Museux, quoted on Ravachol,82."Muzzle Bill," Bismarck's,221.NNational Brothers, the,12-14.Nechayeff, Sergei, young Russian revolutionist,16;collaboration of, with Bakounin,16 ff.;question of share of "Words Addressed to Students" and "The Revolutionary Catechism" to be attributed to,22;activities of, in Russia,22-23;murder of Iwanoff by,23;quarrels with Bakounin, steals his papers, and flees to London,23;subsequent career and death,25-26.Nobiling, Dr. Karl,55,214.OO'Brien, J. B.,130.O'Connor, Feargus,130,353.Orchard, Harry, crimes of, paid for by detective agencies,307-310.Owen, Robert,130;utopian socialism of,144;in the Webbs' critique of, the economic fallacies of syndicalism are revealed,260-261.Ozerof, revolutionary enthusiast, friend of Bakounin,28,30,34.PParis, anarchist movement in (1883),60;acts of violence in,77-89.Parliamentarism, criticism of, by syndicalists,249,261;attitude of socialism toward,262-263.Parliamentary strength of socialism at present day,329-331.Pelloutier, leader in French labor movement,231.Peukert, anarchist in Austria-Hungary,57,58;found to be a police spy,113-114.Pinkerton detectives, the tools of anarchists of the capitalist class in the United States,281 ff.Place, Francis,130.Plechanoff, George,53;quoted,200;breaks with the Bakouninists,204.Pini, French anarchist and robber,96.Police agents, work of, against anarchism, socialism, and trade-union movements,110-120,203-204;infamous rôles played by, in United States,290-292,299-302,312-314;list of notable, who have played a double part in labor movements,313.Policing by the State, a check on anarchism of individuals,279.Political action, dependence of Marx's program on,137-141;fight of anarchists against,232;criticism of, by syndicalists,249 ff.;direct action placed over against, by the syndicalists,267 ff.Pougatchoff, Bakounin's idealizing of,278.Pouget, Émil, French anarchist,60;origin of modern syndicalism with,231;sabotage introduced by, at trade-union congress in Toulouse,235;attack of syndicalism on democracy voiced by,264;on the syndicalist's contempt for democracy,265.Poverty, as a cause of reliance upon violence by French trade-unions,244.Propaganda of the Deed, origin of the,49-52;inspiration of, found in the teachings of Bakounin,52;revolutionary demonstrations organized under doctrines of,52-54;as the chief expression of anarchism, makes the name anarchism synonymous with violence and crime,55;progress of, as shown by anarchist activities in Germany, Austria-Hungary, and France,55-60;influence of, in Italy, Spain, and Belgium,60-61;bringing of, to America by Johann Most,62-76.SeeTerrorism.Proudhon, acquaintance between Bakounin and,9;the father of anarchism,129.Proudhonian anarchists, inability of, to comprehend socialism of Marx,148-149.Pryor, Judge Roger A., condemnation by, of use of private detectives by corporations,297-298.Pullman strike, employment and character of private detectives in,298-302.RRavachol, French terrorist,79-82,104.Razin, Stenka, leader of Russian peasant insurrection,17;Bakounin's robber worship of,278.Reclus, Élisée,14;quoted concerning Ravachol,81.Red Flag, Hasselmann's paper,56.Reinsdorf, August, assassin of German Emperor,69-70."Revolutionary Catechism," by Bakounin and Nechayeff,19-22.Rey, Aristide,14.Richard, Albert,29,32.Rittinghausen, delegate to congress of the International, quoted,162-163;on the futility of insurrection as a policy,272.Robber-worship, Bakounin's,17,278.Rochdale Pioneers, the,130.Rochefort, Henri, remarks of, on anarchists,70-71.Rubin, W. B., investigation of character of special police by,286-287.Rull, Juan, Spanish gang leader,119.SSabotage, danger of use of, in United States,324-325;appearance of, and explanation,236;as really another name for the Propaganda of the Deed,247.Saffi, Italian revolutionist,42.Saignes, Eugène,30,31.Saint-Simon,128.Salmons, C. H., on outrages by private detectives during Burlington strike,296.Sand, George,9,158.Schapper, Karl,131,141.Secret societies organized by Bakounin,11-14.Shelley, P. B., psychology of the anarchists depicted by,93.Small, Albion W., estimate of Marx by,143.Socialism, early use of word,34 n.;split between anarchism and, in 1869,47-48,162-169;rapid spread of, in America after panic of 1873,64-65;disastrous effect on, of Most's agitation in America,67-68;contrasted with anarchism on the point of the latter's inspiring deeds of violence by terrorists,90-92;different types attracted by anarchism and,92-93;burden of anarchism placed on, by Catholic clergy,98;growth of,125 ff.,202-203;early days of, in France,128-129;in England,129-131;in Germany,131-134;Communist Manifesto of Marx and Engels a part of the basic literature of,138;the utopian, destroyed by Marx's scientific theory,144-145;the blending of labor and, a matter of decades,145;essence of Marx's, found in the Preamble of the Provisional Rules of the International,147-148;routing of, by anarchist doctrines in congress of International at Basel in 1869,162-169;inquiry into and exposition of the aims of the Marxian,174-178;attacks on, by anarchists after Hague congress of 1872,201 ff.;fruitless war waged on German social democracy by Bismarck,211-227;defeat and humiliation of Bismarck by,225-227;strength of, throughout Europe shown in elections of 1892,227-228;difference between aims and methods of, and those of syndicalism,238-239;antagonism between syndicalism and,247 ff.,266;Statism of, criticised by syndicalists,249-251,252;real position of, regarding State ownership and State capitalism,252-258;criticism of, by syndicalists on grounds of Parliamentarism,261;real attitude of, toward control of parliaments,262-263;battle of, is against both the old anarchists, and the new anarchists of the wealthy class in the United States,325-326;statistics of increase in vote of,328-329;parliamentary strength of,329-331;conditions which retard progress of, in United States,332-333;tendency of labor movement in all lands toward,333-334;international congresses of party,334;results of inseparableness of democracy and,353-354;slow but sure and steady progress of,355-356.Sombart, Werner, quoted on syndicalism and the "social sybarites,"241;quoted on tendency of labor movement in all lands toward socialism,333.Sorel, quoted to show hostility of syndicalism to democracy,264.Spain, revolution of 1873 in,37-41;repression of terrorist tactics in,87.Spies, August, "revenge circular" of,68.State, check placed on anarchism of the individual by the,279-280;activity of, in opposition to labor in United States,322-324.Statism, criticism of, of the socialist party, by syndicalists,249-252;statement of attitude of socialism toward,252-258;economic fallacies of syndicalists regarding, pointed out by the Webbs on their critique of Owen's trade-union socialism,260-261.Steinert, Henry, quoted on special police and detectives,285.Stellmacher, anarchist in Austria-Hungary,57,58.Stephens, Joseph Rayner,130,353.Stirner, Max, "The Ego and His Own" by, quoted,105."Study upon the German Jews," Bakounin's,170-171.Supreme Court of United States, act of, declaring unconstitutional the eight-hour law on Government work,62-63.Syndicalism, program of, outlined at congress of International in 1869,166-167;forecast of, contained in Bakounin's arguments,185;revival in 1895 of anarchism under name of,229;explanation of, and reason for existence,230 ff.;wherein aim and methods differ from those of socialism,238-239;connection of the "intellectuals" with,239-241;reasons found for, in certain French and Italian conditions,242-245;essential differences between anarchism and,245-246;necessary antagonism between socialism and,247 ff.;objections to the outline of a new society contemplated by,259 ff.;criticism of Parliamentarism of socialism by,261;attacks of, on democracy,264-265;antagonism of socialism and, in aim and methods,266 ff.;proven to be the logical descendant of anarchism,270-271;its fate to be the same as that of anarchism,271-272;claim of, that revolutionary movement must pursue economic aims and disregard political relations,273.TTennyson, quotation from,96.Terrorism, doctrine of, brought into Western Europe by Bakounin,4,9-10,17 ff.;set forth in "Revolutionary Catechism" by Bakounin and Nechayeff,19-22;practical introduction of, in insurrections of the early seventies,28 ff.,41-44;criticism of, by socialists,40;advent of the Propaganda of the Deed, and resultant acts of violence in Italy,50-55;carried into Germany, Austria-Hungary, and France,56-60;doctrine of, spread in America by Johann Most,65-68;protest voiced by Tucker, American anarchist, against terrorist tactics,70-74;failure of, to take deep root in America,75-76;acts of, committed by anarchists in France,77-89;causes of,90 ff.;due to hysteria and pseudo-insanity,93-94;wrong attitude of society as to corrective measures,94-98;burden of, placed by Catholics on socialism,98-101;glorification of, in annals of history,101;egoistic conception of history carried to an extreme in,102-106;caused by corruption of courts and oppressive laws,107-108;complicity ofcriminality and,109;use of, by European governments,110-120,219 ff.;introduced into the International by Bakounin, and struggles of Marxists against,154-193;part played by, in Bismarck's war on social democracy,213,217,218;attempts of Bismarck to provoke,219 ff.;reaction of, on Bismarck,227;employed by ruling class in America, by means of private detectives and special police,276-324.Thompson, William,130.Tolstoi, Berth's characterization of,241.Tortellier, French agitator and anarchist,231;declaration of, against political action,232.Trade unions, at basis of Spanish revolution of 1873,39;entrance into, of anarchism, resulting in syndicalism,231 ff.SeeLabor movement.Tucker, Benjamin R., New York anarchist, quoted on "The Beast of Communism,"70-74.UUnited States, unsettled conditions in, after panic of 1873,62-64;development of socialist and trade-union organizations in,64;Bakounin's terrorist ideas brought to, by Johann Most,65;acts of violence in,67-70;protests of anarchists of, against terrorism,70-74;failure of anarchism to take firm root in,75;anarchism of the powerful in,280 ff.;system of extra-legal police agents in,281-291,311 ff.;account of tragic episodes in history of labor disputes in,291-311;abetting by the State of mercenary anarchists in,322-325;figures of socialist and labor vote in,328;socialists of, wholly lacking in representation in Congress,330,333;conditions in, calculated to retard progress of socialist and labor movement,332-333.Universal German Working Men's Association, organization of,209.Utopian socialism destroyed by Marx's scientific socialism,144.VVaillant, August, French terrorist,79,82-84,104.Valzania, Italian revolutionist,42.Vincenzo, Tomburri, Italian revolutionist,54.Violence, analysis of causes of,90-122.SeeTerrorism.Vliegen, Dutch labor leader, on the general strike,243-244.Von Schweitzer, leader in German labor movement, reported to have sold out to Bismarck,211.Vote of socialists and laborites (1887-1913),328,329.WWebb, Sidney and Beatrice, economic fallacies of syndicalism indicated by,260-261.Weitling, early German socialist agitator,132.Western Federation of Miners, crimes falsely attributed to,307-310.West Virginia, governmental tyranny during labor troubles in,217;outrages committed by special police in,292.Wickersham, George W., testimony of, as to packing of a jury by private detectives,289.William I., Emperor, attempts on life of,55,213-214."Words Addressed to Students," Bakounin and Nechayeff's,17.Wyden, secret conference of German social democrats at,219-220.YYvetot, quoted on syndicalism and anarchism,245.ZZenker, quoted on anarchist movement in Austria-Hungary,57-58;on association formed by Most for uniting revolutionists,66;on motives behind deeds of violence,100.Zola, psychology of the anarchist depicted by,93.