No. V.

“The names of the knyghts made at the same bataill:

Sir James Audley,

Sir Edward Norres,

Sir Robert Clifforde,

Sir George Opton,

Sir Robert Abroughton,

Sir John Paston,

Sir Henry Willoughby,

Sir Richard Pole,

Sir Richard Fitzlewes,

Sir Edwarde Abrough,

Sir George Lovell,

Sir John Longvile,

Sir Thomas Terell,

Sir Roger Bellyngam,

Sir William Carew,

Sir William Trouthbeck,

Sir Thomas Pooll,

Sir William Vampage,

Sir James Parker,

Syr Edwarde Darell,

Sir Edwarde Pykerynge,

Sir Thomas of Wolton,

Syr William Sandes,

Syr Robert Brandon,

Syr Mores Barkley,

Sir John Dygby,

Sir James Harrington,

Syr John Devenyshe,

Sir John Sabarotts,

Sir Thomas Lovell,

Sir Humfrey Savage,

Sir Antony Browne,

Sir Thomas Grey,

Sir Nicholas Vaux,

Sir William Tyrwytt,

Sir Amyas Pallet,

Sir Rauff Langforth,

Sir Henry Bould,

Sir William Redmyll,

Sir Thomas Blount,

Sir Robert Cheyny,

Sir John Wyndan,

Sir John A. Musgrove,

Sir George Nevell,

Sir Raf Shirley,

Sir William Litilton,

Sir William Norres,[315a]

Syr Thomas Hanseide,

Sir Christofer Wroughton,

Syr Thomas Lyn,

Sir Moses Aborough,

Syr Thomas Manyngton.

Extract from the Act of Attainder against John, Earl of Lincoln, and his Adherents.—Rotul. Parl.3rd Henry VII. (A.D.1487), vol. vi. fo. 397.

“Forasmochas theXIXth day of the moneth of Marche last past John, late Erle of Lincolne, nothyng consideryng the greate and sovereygn kyndnes that oure sovereygne leige lorde that nowe ys, at dyvers sundry tymes contynuelly shewed to the said late erle, but the contrarye to kynd and naturall remembraunce his faith trouth and allegeaunce conspired and ymagyned the most dolorouse and lamentable murder, deth, and destruction of the roiall psone of oure said sovereygne and leige lorde, and also distruction of all this realme, and to pform his said malicious purpose traiterously departed to the parties beyond the see, and ther accompanyed hymselfe with many other false traitours and enemyes to our said sovereygne leige lorde, by longe tyme contynuyng his malyce, prepared a grete navye for the coostes of Brabon, and arryved in the portes of Irland, where he, with Sr̃ Henry Bodrugan[315b]and John Beaumound, Squier, ymagyned and conspired the destruction and deposition of oure said sovereygne liege lorde; and for the execution of the same ther, theXXIIIIth day of May last passed at the cite of Develyn, contrarie to his homage and faith, trouth, and allegiaunce, trayterously renownced, revoked, and disclaymed his owne said most naturall sovereygene leige lord the kyng, and caused oone Lambert Symnell, a child ofXyere of age, sonne to Thomas Symnell, late of Oxforde, joynonre, to be proclamed, erecte, and reputed as kyng of this realme, and to hym did feith and homage, to the grete dishonour and despite of all this realme, and frome thenscontynuyng in his malicious and trayterous purpose arived with a greate navie in Furnes, in Lancashire, theIIIIth day of June last past, accompanyed with a greate multytude of straungers with force and armes, that ys to saye, swerdys, speris, marespikes, bowes, gonnes, harneys, brigandynes, hawberkes, and many other wepyns and harneys defensible, and frome thens the same day he, with Sr̃ Thomas Broughton, knyght, Thomas Haryngton, Robert Percy, of Knaresburgh, in the countie of Yorke, Richard Harleston, John a Broughton, brother unto the said Sr̃ Thomas Broughton, knyght, Thomas Batell, James Haryngton, Edward Frank, Richard Middelton, squiers; Robert Hilton, Clement Skelton, Alexander Apilby, Richard Banke, Edmund Juse, Thomas Blandrehasset, gentilmen; John Mallary, of Lichbarowe, in the countie of Northton, Robert Mallary, of Fallesley, in the same countie, Gyles Mallary, of Grevysnorton, in the same countie, William Mallary, of Stowe, in the same countie, Robert Mannyng, late of Dunstaple, Willyam Kay, of Halyfax, gentilman, Roger Hartlyngton, Richard Hoiggessone, John Avyntry, Rowland Robynson, yomen; with many other ill-disposed psones and traytours, defensible and in like warrely maner arrayed to the nomber ofVIIIMpersones ymagynyng, compassyng, and conspiryng the deth and deposition, and utter destruction of oure said soveraygne leige lorde the kyng, and the subversion of all this realme, for the execucion and pfourmyng of the said myschevous and traiterous purpose contynuelly in hostyle maner passed fro thens from place to place to they come to Stoke, in the countie of Notyngham; where theXVIday of June last past, with baners displayed, levied warre ayenst the psone of his sovereygne and naturall leige lorde, and gave to hym myghty and stronge batell, trayterously and contrarie to all trouth, knyghthode, honour, allegeaunce, feith, and affyaunce, intendyng utterly to have slayne, murdred, and cruelly destroyed oure foresaid leige lorde and most Cristen prynce, to the uttermost and grettest adventure of the noble and roiall persone of oure seid leige lorde, destruction, dishonour, and subversion of all this realme. For the which malicious compassed greate and heynous offence, not alloonly commytted ayen oure said sovereygne lorde, but also ayenst the unyversall and comen wele of this realme, ys requisite sore and grevous punycion; and also for an example hereafter that non other be bold in like wise to offend: Therfore be it enacted by oure sovereygne lorde the Kyng by the advyse of all the lordes sp̃uall and temporall, and the com̃ons in this presentparliament assembled, and by the auctorite of the same, that the said John, late Erle of Lincoln, Sr̃ Henry Bodrugan, Thomas Broughton, knyghtes; John Beaumond, Thomas Haryngton, Robert Percy,” &c. &c., “be reputed, jugged, and taken as traytours, and convicte and attaynte of high treason,” &c. &c. And the act proceeds to declare all their castles, lordships, manors, lands, goods, &c. &c. forfeited to the King.

Extract from the Act of Attainder of 11th Henry VII., against Francis Lovel, late Lord Lovel.—Rot. Parl.11th Henry VII. (A.D.1495), vol. vi. fo. 502.

“Forasmochas John, late Erle of Lincoln, Fraunces Lovell, late Lord Lovell, and divers other with theym, trayterously ymagynyng and compassyng the deth and destruccion of our sovereign lord the king, assembled themself with other evil disposed peopull, to the nombre ofVMp̃sones, at Stoke, in the countie of Notyngham, theXXth day of June, theIId yere of the reigne of our said sovereign lord the kinge that nowe is, and then and there, for the pformaunce of their cursed myschevous and wreched purpose, in pleyne feild, at the same Stoke, in the said countie, with their baners displayed, contrary to theyr alligeaunce ayenst the king our and their naturall sovereign lord, levied and rered warre and made bataille ayenst him, for whiche traiterous and unnatural dede the said John, Erle of Lincolne, with dyvers other then and there traiterously offendyng, were late by auctorite of parliament, in a parliament holden at Westm’, theIIIde yere of the reigne of the king our sovereigne lord that now is, deemed convict and atteynt of high treason; in the whiche acte of atteyndre the said Fraunces Lovell was ignorauntly left oute and omitted, to the moost perillous ensample of other being of suche traiterous myndes. Wherfore be it ordeyned, enacted, and established, by the lordes sp̃uall and temporall, and the comons in this p̃sent parliament assembled, and by auctorite of the same, that the said Fraunces stande and be deemed adjuged, convicte, and atteynte of high treason, for his rehersed trayterous dede, and forfeite to the kinge,” all the honours, castles, manors, lordships, possessions, hereditaments, &c. &c., which he possessed on the 20th June, in 2nd Henry VII.

This is a most extraordinary statute. It commences with calling Lord Lovel, the “late Lord Lovell,” without there appearing to be any certain proof of his death; and it is contradictory of the act attainting the Earl of Lincoln and others (see Appendix No. V.), which alleges, that their forces amounted to 8000 men, and that the battle took place on the 16th of June; whilst in this the insurgent troops are only stated to be 5000, and the 20th of June is mentioned as the day of the battle. It is also scarcely credible, that the attainder of Lord Lovel could have been, as alleged, inadvertently omitted in the former statute; nor is it easy to assign any plausible reason, why an avaricious sovereign like Henry VII. should allow eight years to elapse after the insurrection, without passing this act of attainder, when the unhappy nobleman’s large possessions offered so tempting a bait. Indeed, if Henry’s object, in passing it, were to be enabled legally to seize upon them, such a statute appears unnecessary, because Lord Lovel was attainted by the act of 1st Henry VII., for fighting at Bosworth (see Appendix No. III.); and there is no reason to suppose that this attainder was ever reversed, or that he ever submitted himself to allegiance to Henry.

There is a tradition, that Lord Lovel escaped from the field of battle of Stoke, and took refuge in the north of England, and there, like Lord Clifford, lived several years in obscurity, concealed from his enemies; but it does not appear to be authenticated or supported by any historical authority.

Copy of a Letter given in Banks’sDormant and Extinct Baronage, vol. ii. p. 321, from William Cowper, Esq., Clerk of the Parliament.

“Hertingfordbury Park, 9thAugust, 1737.“Sir,—I met to’ther day with a memorandum I had made some years ago, perhaps not unworthy your notice. You may remember that Lord Bacon, in hisHistory of Henry VII., giving an account of the battle of Stoke, sais of the Lord Lovel, who was among the rebels, that he fled, and swame over the Trent on horseback, but could not recover the further side by reason of the steepenesse of the banke, and so was drowned in the river. But another report leaves him not there, but that he lived long after in a cave or vault.“Apropos to this; on the 6th of May, 1728, the present Duke of Rutland related in my hearing, that about twenty years then before, viz., in 1708, upon occasion of new laying a chimney, at Minster Luvel, there was discovered a large vault or room under ground, in which was the entire skeleton of a man, as having been sitting at a table, which was before him, with a book, paper, pen, &c. &c.; in another part of the room lay a cap, all much mouldered and decayed. Which the family and others judged to be this Lord Luvel, whose exit has hitherto been so uncertain.”

“Hertingfordbury Park, 9thAugust, 1737.

“Sir,—I met to’ther day with a memorandum I had made some years ago, perhaps not unworthy your notice. You may remember that Lord Bacon, in hisHistory of Henry VII., giving an account of the battle of Stoke, sais of the Lord Lovel, who was among the rebels, that he fled, and swame over the Trent on horseback, but could not recover the further side by reason of the steepenesse of the banke, and so was drowned in the river. But another report leaves him not there, but that he lived long after in a cave or vault.

“Apropos to this; on the 6th of May, 1728, the present Duke of Rutland related in my hearing, that about twenty years then before, viz., in 1708, upon occasion of new laying a chimney, at Minster Luvel, there was discovered a large vault or room under ground, in which was the entire skeleton of a man, as having been sitting at a table, which was before him, with a book, paper, pen, &c. &c.; in another part of the room lay a cap, all much mouldered and decayed. Which the family and others judged to be this Lord Luvel, whose exit has hitherto been so uncertain.”

See also, Additions to Camden’sMagna Britannia(by Gough), edition of 1789, vol. ii. fo. 289, where the same circumstance is narrated, with the addition, that the clothing of the body seemed to have been rich; that it was seated in a chair, with a table and a mass-book before it; and also that, upon the admission of the air, the body soon fell to dust.

Page 1, note 2, After the words, “and May, 1856,” add “and also in September, 1856, which was after part of this work had been sent to the press.”

„ 2. In the last line of note *, after the words, “according to,” insert the name, “Fabyan.”

„ 3. Before “Market Drayton,” insert “Hodnet, and.”

„ 5. After the words, “offered battle to his enemies,” add “2,” and at the foot of the page, insert as note “2”: “A portion of the suburbs of Shrewsbury was intentionally burnt; that measure being considered requisite for the safety of the town, in consequence of the approach of Hotspur’s army.—Rot. Parl.9 Henry IV., vol. iii. fo. 619.”

„ 5. For note “2,” substitute “3.”

„ 10. Instead of “fragments of human bones, armour, spurs,” read “human bones, fragments of armour, spurs.”

„ 10. For “the Rev. J. O. Hopkins,” read “the late Rev. J. O. Hopkins.”

„ 11, note 4. For “very many of the bones of men,” read “the bones of many men.”

„ 22, note 2. Instead of “18th of February, 1477,” read “18th of February, 1477–8.”

„ 28, note 2. For “the 16th of February, 1495,” read “the 16th of February, 1494–5.”

„ 35. Insert the figures “35” at the head of the page.

„ 39, note 3. For “28th of April, 1442,” read “29th of April, 1441.”

„ 44, note 2. Before the name “Hall,” insert “Fabyan.”

„ 49. For “1459,” read “1460.”

„ 50. In the second line of the continuation of the note, before the name “Hall,” insert “Fabyan.”

Page 53, note 4. Add, “Dugdale and Stow state that the Duke of York left London on the 2nd of December, and arrived at Sandal on Christmas eve. If he consumed twenty-two days in his march from London to Sandal, the delay seems very extraordinary.”

„ 54, note 3. Instead of “Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset (the son of Edmund Beaufort, grandson of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster), after the death,” read “Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, was the son of Edmund Beaufort (grandson of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster), who, after the death.”

„ 54. In the seventh line of the same note, instead of “his eldest son, Henry,” read “The eldest son, Henry.”

„ 55, note 1. After the words, “fighting on behalf of Henry VI., and there buried,” add, “Leland, in hisItinerary, vol. vi. fo. 93 [p. 82], also states that Thomas Earl of Devonshire was slain at Tewkesbury, and buried there.”

„ 58. Instead of “His army, surrendered and overwhelmed with numbers,” read “His array nearly surrounded and overwhelmed by numbers.”

„ 64, note 2. Instead of “Quære, has not the lane been,” read “The lane is;” and instead of “which formerly stood,” read “which stands, or very recently stood.”

„ 68. In the continuation of the note, after the words, “vol. v. fo. 464,” add, “and Fabyan, fo. 218.”

„ 72. In the continuation of the note, for “21st of December, 1493,” read “21st of December, 1495.”

„ 73. For “his forces courageously attacked the army,” read “his army courageously attacked the forces.”

„ 73. At the end of note 4, add, “Fabyan, fo. 627, calls him a knyght of Wales.”

„ 92, note 1. Instead of “the Rev. George Townsend,” read “the Rev. George Fyler Townsend;” and instead of “p. 12,” insert “pages 12 to 16.”

„ 99, note 1. After the words, “each horseman,” add, “in marching order.”

„ 103, note 4. After the words, “battles of Wakefield,” insert “[See Chap. IV. p. 60.]”

Page 104, note 1. After the words, “Dugdale’sBaronage,” add “vol. i.;” and after the passage, “Leland’sColl.vol. ii. p. 715,” omit “[500],” and insert “[498], in which is the following statement, ‘Syr John Nevel the Erle of Westmerlandes brother and Andrew Trollop were killid at this tyme.’”

„ 111. After the words, “were restored,” add, “4,” and as a note at the foot of the page, insert, “4 Leland mentions the titles and rank conferred by Edw. IV. upon his friends and adherents, as follows:—

Thomas Blunte made Lord MontejoyWilliam Hastinges made Lorde Hastinges.“‘Edward at his coronation creatid his brother George Duke of Clarence; and Richard the younger, Duke of Gloucester; the Lord Montacute, the Erle of Warwike’s brother, the Erle of Northumbreland; William Stafford Esquier, Lord Staford of Southwike; Syr [William] Herbart, Lord Herbart; and after Erle of Pembroke; and the saide Lord Staford Erle of Devonshire; the Lord Gray of Ruthine, Erle of Kent; the Lord Bourchier Erle of Essex; the Lord John of Bokingham,[323]Erle of Wyltshire; Syr Thomas Blunt Knight, the Lord Montjoye; Syr John Haward, Lord Haward; William Hastinges, Lord Hastinges and Greate Chambrelayn; and the Lorde Ryvers; Denham Esquyer, Lord Deneham; and worthy as is afore shewid.’—Lel.Collect., vol. ii. p. 715, 716 [449].”“It is of course admitted, that Edward at his coronation ennobled his brothers the Duke of Clarence and Duke of Gloucester; but Leland appears to have expressed himself either not clearly, or not with his usual accuracy, with respect to the dates of the conferring of the titles upon several of the other personages, before mentioned, as may be easily ascertained by a reference to the works of Ralph Brooke, or Dugdale; from which it plainly appears, that although Edward did not forget eventually to reward manyof his supporters and adherents with rank and titles, yet in some instances several years elapsed, after his coronation, before they were ennobled, or, as the case might be, were advanced in the peerage.”

Thomas Blunte made Lord MontejoyWilliam Hastinges made Lorde Hastinges.

“‘Edward at his coronation creatid his brother George Duke of Clarence; and Richard the younger, Duke of Gloucester; the Lord Montacute, the Erle of Warwike’s brother, the Erle of Northumbreland; William Stafford Esquier, Lord Staford of Southwike; Syr [William] Herbart, Lord Herbart; and after Erle of Pembroke; and the saide Lord Staford Erle of Devonshire; the Lord Gray of Ruthine, Erle of Kent; the Lord Bourchier Erle of Essex; the Lord John of Bokingham,[323]Erle of Wyltshire; Syr Thomas Blunt Knight, the Lord Montjoye; Syr John Haward, Lord Haward; William Hastinges, Lord Hastinges and Greate Chambrelayn; and the Lorde Ryvers; Denham Esquyer, Lord Deneham; and worthy as is afore shewid.’—Lel.Collect., vol. ii. p. 715, 716 [449].”

“It is of course admitted, that Edward at his coronation ennobled his brothers the Duke of Clarence and Duke of Gloucester; but Leland appears to have expressed himself either not clearly, or not with his usual accuracy, with respect to the dates of the conferring of the titles upon several of the other personages, before mentioned, as may be easily ascertained by a reference to the works of Ralph Brooke, or Dugdale; from which it plainly appears, that although Edward did not forget eventually to reward manyof his supporters and adherents with rank and titles, yet in some instances several years elapsed, after his coronation, before they were ennobled, or, as the case might be, were advanced in the peerage.”

Page 117, note 2. Instead of “ocnnected,” read “connected.”

„ 123. Instead of “called by Stow,” read “called by Leland and Stow.”

„ 123, note 2. Add before the name “Stow,” the words, “Lel.Itinerary, vol. vi. fo. 17 [p. 16].”

„ 127, note 4. Instead of “des Mœurs,” read “sur les Mœurs.”

„ 140. For “right hand to be,” read “right hard to be.”

„ 142, note 1. For “The mills were,” read “The Mills are.”

„ 143, note 1. After the words, “in the abbey church there,” add, “Leland, in hisItinerary, vol. vi. fo. 92 [p. 81], states that she died at the Castle of Warwick, on the 22nd of December, 1476, and was buried at Tewkesbury, of which she was the patroness.”

„ 145, note 1. For “Sanderson’s,” read “Sandford’s.”

„ 149, note 3. For “Holme Castle,” read “Holme Ground.”

„ 162. Introduce as note 1, to the words, “third husband of his mother,”1as follows:—

“Margaret Beaufort, sole daughter and heiress of John Beaufort, first Duke of Somerset, became Countess of Richmond by her marriage with her first husband, Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond; her second husband was Sir Henry Stafford (a son of Humphrey Stafford, first Duke of Buckingham, slain at the battle of Northampton, and a brother of Humphrey Stafford, Earl of Stafford, slain at the first battle of St. Alban’s, and also a brother of John Stafford, Earl of Wiltshire); and her third husband was Thomas Lord Stanley, afterwards Earl of Derby. The Countess of Richmond had only one child, viz., Henry Earl of Richmond, afterwards King Henry VII., by her marriage with Edmund Earl of Richmond (see Pedigree No. 4, chap. ix. p. 201); and she had not any children either by her second or third husband, as if, to use the words of Sandford, in hisGenealogical History, p. 319, ‘she had been designed to be the mother of a king onely.’ She lived to see her son Henry VII. and her grandson Henry VIII.successively kings, and died in the first year of the reign of the latter, on the 3rd July, 1509, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.”

Page 162. For note “1” read “2,” and in the note, for “Ann Beam” read “Anne Beam.”

„ 170. After the words, “town’s people,” add, “and there is reason to believe that they were got rid of, by being thrown into the river at the end of Bow Bridge, at Leicester;” “borne out of the city, and contemptuously bestowed under the end of Bow Bridge, which giveth passage over a branch of Stoure, upon the west side of the towne.”—See Speed’sAnnals, fo. 936; see also Thorsby’sViews in Leicestershire, p. 338: and instead of the words, “were deposited,” insert “had been deposited.”

„ 170, note 1. After “Hutton, 143,” add “Sandford’sGenealogical History, p. 410. A tablet has been recently (in 1856) put up on one of the new buildings near Bow Bridge, with an inscription treating the locality as if it were the supposed place of the final interment of Richard III.; but although it may perhaps be a disappointment to those who have caused the tablet to be placed there, to learn that the correctness of their theory is not admitted by others, still it is only proper to mention, that there does not appear to be any authority for such a supposition: indeed, after his remains had been pulled out of the grave and got rid of at the river, it is not likely that anybody would know or care what became of them.”

„ 173. Instead of “which he afterwards gave,” read “which was afterwards given.”

„ 180. In note 1, instead of “chap. iv.” read chap. “v.”

„ 189. For “the cliff occupied by his left wing, was, as before observed, almost inassailable,” read, “the cliff occupied, as before observed, by his left wing, was almost inassailable.”

„ 193, note 1. Instead of “[500],” read “[498].”

„ 203. After the words, “in the fifteenth century,” insert “and had no relation to the wars of York and Lancaster.”

„ 210, note 2, add “MS. Chronicle, by Warkworth, p. 16.”

„ 274. Instead of “the Brooke Farm estate,” read “the Brooke Farm.”

Page 289. For “ou m’a assuire,” read “on m’a assuré.”

„ 294. After the words, “in that county,” add the figure “2.”

„ 296. For “the Institutes of England,” read “the Institutes of the Laws of England.”

„ 298, note 1. Instead of the words, “there were not any wolves in England,” insert “wolves did not appear in England.” He uses the following expression respecting them: “though none of those animals appear at present in England, nor on the borders toward Scotland, though very common in that kingdom.”

Acton, Robert, executed after the battle of Tewkesbury,148.

Act of attainder of 1st Edward IV., against persons who had been engaged at the second battle of St. Alban’s, the battle of Wakefield, and the battle of Towton,107,301.

Act of attainder of 38th Henry VI., against persons who had been engaged at the battle of Blore Heath, and other alleged offences,28.

Act of attainder of 14th Edward IV., against persons who had been engaged at the battles of Barnet and Tewkesbury,308.

Act of attainder of 1st Henry VII., against persons who had been engaged at the battle of Bosworth,309.

Act of attainder of 3rd Henry VII., against John Earl of Lincoln, and others, who had been engaged at the battle of Stoke,315.

Act of attainder of 11th Henry VII., against Francis Lord Lovel, for having been engaged at the battle of Stoke,317.

Adbright, Hussee,18,19.

Alban’s, St., first battle of,2(note),23(note),43(note),54(note).

Alban’s, St., second battle of,82.

Alderley, Cheshire,245.

Amyon (or Ambien) Hill and Wood, near Market Bosworth,160,162.

Anjou, Margaret of.—See“Queen Margaret.”

Anjou, René Duke of,42(note),147.

Anne, Queen, wife of Richard III.—See“Queen Anne.”

Arquebuse, harquebus, hacquebut, hackbut, or hagbut,214to244.

Artillery, occasional use of, by the English, in sieges of the fourteenth century,213to216.

Artillery, general use of, by the English, in war, in the fifteenth century,217to244.

Arundel, Sir John,133.

Audley, James Touchet, Lord,25; slain at Blore Heath,26.

Audley, Sir Humphrey, executed after the battle of Tewkesbury,146.

Banbury, battle of,193,199.

Barnet, battle of,205.

Barrow, Henry, slain at Tewkesbury,148.

Basilisk,220.

Battlefield, and Battlefield Church,7to19.

Battlewell House and Battlewell Gate, near Evesham,203.

Bear, formerly wild in England,287.

Beauchamp, of Powick, William Lord,185.

Beauchamp, Sir Richard, governor of the city and castle of Gloucester,135.

Beaufort, Lord John, slain at Tewkesbury,133,142.

Beaumont, John Viscount, slain at Northampton,46.

Beaumont, William Viscount,103.

Beaver, formerly wild in England,288.

Bedford, Jasper Tudor, Duke of, previously Earl of Pembroke,69,133,166,180,186; extraordinary and abrupt changes of fortune of,69(note).

Berners, John Bourchier, Lord,118.

Blore Heath, battle of,21.

Blount, Sir Walter, slain at Shrewsbury,7,8,111(note).

Boar, wild, formerly in England,287,295,297.

Bombard,219to244.

Bonvile, William Lord, put to death after the second battle of St. Alban’s,82,83.

Booth, Sir Robert, said to have been slain at Blore Heath,264,265.

Bosworth, battle of,157.

Bourchier, Thomas, Cardinal, and Archbishop of Canterbury,40,83.

Bourchier, Henry Viscount (originally Earl of Ewe, and afterwards Earl of Essex),41,44.

Bourchier, Humphrey Lord Cromwell, slain at Barnet,194.

Bourchier, Sir Edward, slain at Wakefield,29(note),58.

Bourchier, Sir John (afterwards Lord Berners),29(note),118.

Bourchier, Sir Thomas,161(note).

Bourchier, Sir Humphrey, slain at Barnet,118,209.

Bourchier, William, Earl of Ewe,40(note 1),118(note 4),209(note 3).

Bourgeoise,220.

Bouverie, Edward, Esq., battle of Northampton fought upon the estate of,50(note).

Brackenbury, Sir Robert, slain at Bosworth,166.

Brandon, Sir William, slain at Bosworth,167,168.

Brandon, Thomas,167(note),186.

Brecher, two gentlemen of that name put to death by Henry VII., after the battle of Bosworth,171.

Brereton, Cheshire family of,269.

Brereton, Sir William, Bart., the distinguished Parliamentary commander,270.

Bromley, Sir Robert, Bart., battle of Stoke fought upon the estate of,185,190.

Broughton, Sir Thomas, slain at Stoke,178,187.

Bows and arrows used in war in this country as late as in the Civil War of Charles I. and the Parliament,214.

Bows and arrows, option given by an act of Parliament of Philip and Mary, to provide a bow and arrows, or a haquebut,215.

Buckingham, Lord Henry Stafford, of,106.

Buckingham, Humphrey Stafford, first Duke of,43; slain at Northampton,46.

Buckingham, Henry Stafford, second Duke of, beheaded in first year of Richard III.,48(note),49,50(note).

Buckingham, Edward Stafford, third Duke of, beheaded in 13th year of Henry VIII.,50.

Bull, Black, a standard of Edward IV. at the battle of Towton,117.

Burgundy, Charles Duke of, slain at the battle of Nancy,23(note),177,194,199.

Burgundy, Margaret Duchess of,23(note),177,199.

Burton, Sir John, slain at Towton,106.

Byron, Sir John,167.

Calverley, Sir John,8.

Cannons, occasional use of, by the English, in sieges, in the fourteenth century,213to216.

Cannons, and other firearms, general use of, by the English, in war, in the fifteenth century,213to244.

Canterbury, Thomas Bourchier, Cardinal, and Archbishop of,40,83.

Canterbury, John Morton, Cardinal, and Archbishop of,107.

Cary (quæreCar), Sir William, executed after the battle of Tewkesbury,146,148.

Catesby, William, put to death by Henry VII., after the battle of Bosworth,171.

Cecily Duchess of York, extraordinary afflictions and calamities in her family,192to197.

Chapel commenced at Towton Field, by Richard III.,100.

Chapel Garth, or Chapel Hill, at Towton Field,101.

Cheadle Church, Cheshire,267to281.

Cheney, Sir John,168,186.

Clarence, George Duke of,110,139,143; put to death in the Tower,194,199.

Clarence, Lionel Duke of,22,68,198.

Clarence, Thomas Duke of, slain at Beaugé, in France,171.

Clifford, John Lord, slain at Dintingdale,56,86,115.

Clifford, Thomas Lord, slain at the first battle of St. Alban’s,56(note),86(note).

Clifton, Sir Gervase,106(note).

Clifton, Sir Gervase, executed after the battle of Tewkesbury,106,146.

Clifton, Sir Gervase, slain at Bosworth,166.

Clifton, Sir John,8.

Clinton, John Lord,41,111.

Cobham, Sir Edward Brooke, of, called Lord Cobham,40,42.

Cock River, near Towton,88,113.

Cockaine, Sir John,8.

College and Hospital at Battlefield,17.

Corbet, Peter, commission to destroy wolves,293.

Courtenay, Sir Hugh,133; executed after the battle of Tewkesbury,148.

Courtenay, Henry, beheaded at Salisbury,55(note).

Courtenay, Walter, executed after the battle of Tewkesbury,148.

Coventry, Parliament of, in 38th of Henry VI.,28,41(note),111.

Coventry, proceedings of the Parliament of, annulled in 39th of Henry VI.,41(note),111.

Crackenthorpe, Sir Thomas,106.

Crackenthorpe, Sir John,106.

Crofts, Sir Richard, captured Edward Prince of Wales,143.

Cromwell, Humphrey Bourchier, Lord, slain at Barnet,194,209.

Culverin, and hand culverin,214to244.

Dacre, Ralph Lord, slain at Towton,96,105; tomb of, at Saxton,123,125.

Delapré Abbey, near Northampton,43,50,51.

Delves, Sir John, slain at Tewkesbury,142,147(note).

Delves, John, executed after the battle of Tewkesbury,146,147.

Denham, or Dinham, John Lord,100,103,110.

Derby, Thomas Earl of, previously Thomas Lord Stanley,28,167.

Devonshire, Thomas Courtenay, Earl of,55,103; executed at York, after the battle of Towton,106.

Devonshire, Thomas or John Courtenay, Earl of, slain at Tewkesbury,55(note),133,142,322.

Dintingdale, engagement at,86,89,90,115.

Done, Sir John, slain at Blore Heath,27.

Done, Richard, slain at Blore Heath,27.

Dorset, Thomas Grey, Marquis of,139.

Douglas, Archibald Earl,3,8.

Drayton,23.

Dudley, John de Sutton, Lord,27.

Dunbar, Earl of,4.

Dutton, John,27.

Dutton, Sir Thomas,26.

Edward Prince of Wales, son of Henry VI.,47,85,132; murdered after the battle of Tewkesbury,144.

Edward Prince of Wales, son of Richard III.,195,199.

Edward IV.,67,68,83,84,119,142,199.

Edward V., believed to have been murdered in the Tower,195,199.

Egerton, Sir John,27.

Egremont, Thomas Percy, Lord, slain at Northampton,46.

Elizabeth, Queen of Edward IV.—See“Queen Elizabeth.”

Elizabeth, Queen of Henry VII.—See“Queen Elizabeth.”

Elston Fields,181.

Engines used by the English in war,218,221.

Essex, Henry Bourchier, Earl of,193,194.

Evesham, battle of,203.

Ewe, Henry Earl of, afterwards Viscount Bourchier, and subsequently Earl of Essex.—See“Essex, Henry Bourchier, Earl of.”

Ewe, William Bourchier, Earl of,118(note),209(note).

Exeter, George Neville, Bishop of,41,83.

Exeter, Henry Holland, Duke of,54,195,207,208.

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