EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.

Plate I.Plate I

MAGNIFIED SECTIONS OF VESUVIAN MINERALS.

Fig. 1. Section of leucite crystal from the lava of 1868, with fluid cavities. Mag., 350 diams." 2, 3, 4, and 5. Sections of nepheline crystals from the lava of 1767, 1834, and 1854." 6. Section of sodalite crystal from the lava of 1794, with belonites and crystals of magnetite enclosed." 7, 8, 9. Crystals of leucite with microliths and cavities darkened by magnetite dust; also, containing crystals of magnetite." 10. Group of leucite crystals of irregular form from the lava of 1855, congregated around a nucleus of crystals of plagioclase and magnetite.

Fig. 1. Section of leucite crystal from the lava of 1868, with fluid cavities. Mag., 350 diams.

" 2, 3, 4, and 5. Sections of nepheline crystals from the lava of 1767, 1834, and 1854.

" 6. Section of sodalite crystal from the lava of 1794, with belonites and crystals of magnetite enclosed.

" 7, 8, 9. Crystals of leucite with microliths and cavities darkened by magnetite dust; also, containing crystals of magnetite.

" 10. Group of leucite crystals of irregular form from the lava of 1855, congregated around a nucleus of crystals of plagioclase and magnetite.

Plate II.Plate II

MAGNIFIED SECTIONS OF VESUVIAN MINERALS.

Fig. 1. Section of augite crystal from the lava of 1794, with numerous gas cells and delicately banded walls. The interior contains two long prisms, probably of apatite." 2. Crystal of augite with banded walls, and indented by leucite crystals, from the lava of 1794. Mag., 40 diams." 3, 4, 5. Sections of augite crystals from the lavas of 1794 and 1820." 6. Group of augite crystals from the lava of 1835." 7. Ditto from the lava of 1822, with encluded mica-flake (a) and portion of the glass paste, or ground-mass, of the rock (b), containing microliths and grains of magnetite.Fig. 8. Two crystals of olivine from the lava of 1855; they are intersected on one side by the plane of the thin section, and are remarkable for showing lines of gas cells, and bands of growth sometimes cellular. Mag., 40 diams." 9. Section of rock-crystal (quartz), with double terminal pyramids, from the lava of 1850." 10. Twin crystal of sanidine from the lava of 1858. Mag., 40 diams." 11, 12, 13. Sections of plagioclase crystals (probably labradorite) from the lava of 1855. Mag., 100 diams." 14. Section of olivine crystal from the lava of 1631—imperfectly formed. Mag., 30 diams." 15. Section of mica-flake from the lava of 1822. Mag., 30 diams.

Fig. 1. Section of augite crystal from the lava of 1794, with numerous gas cells and delicately banded walls. The interior contains two long prisms, probably of apatite.

" 2. Crystal of augite with banded walls, and indented by leucite crystals, from the lava of 1794. Mag., 40 diams.

" 3, 4, 5. Sections of augite crystals from the lavas of 1794 and 1820.

" 6. Group of augite crystals from the lava of 1835.

" 7. Ditto from the lava of 1822, with encluded mica-flake (a) and portion of the glass paste, or ground-mass, of the rock (b), containing microliths and grains of magnetite.

Fig. 8. Two crystals of olivine from the lava of 1855; they are intersected on one side by the plane of the thin section, and are remarkable for showing lines of gas cells, and bands of growth sometimes cellular. Mag., 40 diams.

" 9. Section of rock-crystal (quartz), with double terminal pyramids, from the lava of 1850.

" 10. Twin crystal of sanidine from the lava of 1858. Mag., 40 diams.

" 11, 12, 13. Sections of plagioclase crystals (probably labradorite) from the lava of 1855. Mag., 100 diams.

" 14. Section of olivine crystal from the lava of 1631—imperfectly formed. Mag., 30 diams.

" 15. Section of mica-flake from the lava of 1822. Mag., 30 diams.

Plate III.Plate III

MAGNIFIED SECTIONS OF VOLCANIC ROCKS.

1. Diorite dyke, traversing Assynt limestone, North Highlands.2. Basalt from upper beds, near Giant's Causeway, County Antrim.3. Hornblende-hypersthene-augite Andesite, from Pichupichu, Andes.4. Augite-Andesite from Pichupichu, Andes.5. Olivine dolerite, with hornblende and biotite, Madagascar.6. Leucite basalt, with mellilite, Capo di Bove, Italy.

1. Diorite dyke, traversing Assynt limestone, North Highlands.

2. Basalt from upper beds, near Giant's Causeway, County Antrim.

3. Hornblende-hypersthene-augite Andesite, from Pichupichu, Andes.

4. Augite-Andesite from Pichupichu, Andes.

5. Olivine dolerite, with hornblende and biotite, Madagascar.

6. Leucite basalt, with mellilite, Capo di Bove, Italy.

Plate IV.Plate IV

MAGNIFIED SECTIONS OF VOLCANIC ROCKS.

1. Vesuvian lava, glass paste with numerous crystals of leucite; others of augite and nepheline porphyritically developed; also small grains of magnetite.2. Vesuvian lava, glass paste with numerous crystals of leucite; others of olivine, hornblende, and sanidine, porphyritically developed; small grains of magnetite.3. Trachyte from Hungary; felsitic paste with crystals of hornblende and sanidine, and a little magnetite.4. Gabbro, from Carlingford Hill, Ireland, consisting of anorthite, augite, a little olivine, and magnetite.5. Dolerite, from old volcanic neck, Scalot Hill, near Lame, consisting of labradorite, augite, olivine, and magnetite.6. Dolerite, Ballintoy, County Antrim, showing ophetic structure, consisting of augite, labradorite, and magnetite.

1. Vesuvian lava, glass paste with numerous crystals of leucite; others of augite and nepheline porphyritically developed; also small grains of magnetite.

2. Vesuvian lava, glass paste with numerous crystals of leucite; others of olivine, hornblende, and sanidine, porphyritically developed; small grains of magnetite.

3. Trachyte from Hungary; felsitic paste with crystals of hornblende and sanidine, and a little magnetite.

4. Gabbro, from Carlingford Hill, Ireland, consisting of anorthite, augite, a little olivine, and magnetite.

5. Dolerite, from old volcanic neck, Scalot Hill, near Lame, consisting of labradorite, augite, olivine, and magnetite.

6. Dolerite, Ballintoy, County Antrim, showing ophetic structure, consisting of augite, labradorite, and magnetite.

[1]Mr. S. Allport has discovered this in the rock called the "Wolf Rock" off the coast of Cornwall. The most important work on basalt is that by F. Zirkel,Unters. über mikros. Zusammensetzung und Structur der Basaltgesteine. Bonn (1870).

[2]Zirkel,Die mikroskopische Beschaffenheit der Mineralien und Gesteine, p. 153. Leipsig (1873).

[3]Zirkel,Petrog., i. 578; B. von Cotta, p. 178 (Eng. Trans.).

Abyssinian table-lands,190et seq.Albano, Lake,89America, volcanic regions of North,136et seq.;of Western,144Andes,18,27,227,254Andesite,263Antrim,154et seq.Arabia, dormant volcanoes of,126-135Arabian desert,134Archibald, C. D.,213Arizona, volcanoes of,137Argyll, Duke of,173Ascension,36Ashangi, volcanic series of,192Atmospheric effects of Krakatoa eruption,213-214Auckland district, volcanoes of,147Auvergne, volcanic regions of,14,16,92et seq.Azores,32Ball, Sir R. S.,242,244Basalt,260Blanford, W. T.,188,189Bonneville, Lake,141-142British Isles,Tertiary volcanic districts of,154et seq.,227;pre-Tertiary volcanic districts of,196et seq.Buch, L. von,6,11,24California, volcanoes of,140Callirrhoë, springs of,133Cañon, the Grand,138Cantal, volcanoes of the,99-101Cape Colony, Basalts of,194Charleston earthquake,218,222,224Chambers, G. F.,246Charnwood Forest,198Chimborazo,18Clermont, vale of,96-97Clinkstone,263Cordilleras of Quito,25Cotopaxi,16-18,24,26Crater-cones, Lava,19Crateriform cones,13Craterless domes,15Dana, Prof. J. D.,19,39,249Darwin,28,30Darwin, Prof. G. H.,9,231Daubeny,7,61,69Davison, C.,9,231Davy, Sir H.,11Deccan trap-series,187et seq.Demavend, Mount,24Diabase,262Diorite,261Dolerite,261Domite,263Dore, volcanoes of Mont,100-101Doughty, C. M.,127Durocher,232Dutton, Capt. C. E.,9,220,222Dykes in Ireland,169-170Earthquakes,217et seq.Errigal,10Etna,14,61et seq.,229Fingal's Cave,185Forbes, D.,27France, extinct volcanoes of,92et seq.Gabbro,261Gardner, J. S.,156Geikie, Sir A.,8,29,143,156,160,169,172,176,177,196Giant's Causeway,165-166Granite,264Granophyre,264; of Mull,174Green, Prof. A. H.,194Hatch, Dr.,260Haughton, Prof.,68Haurân, volcanoes of the,22,129Haute Loire, volcanic districts of,101-105Hawaii, volcanoes of,39,249,251Hecla,32Herschel, Sir J.,244Hibbert, Dr. S.,6,114,124Hochstetter, F. von,147Hopkins,171,217Hull, Dr. E. G.,110Humboldt, A. von,20,25Hutton, James,5Iceland, volcanoes of,30-32Ireland, volcanic Tertiary rocks of,154et seq.Jaulân,129Johnston-Lavis,52Jordan valley,126et seq.,226Jorullo,24Judd, Prof.,8,68,69,71,172,178,208Krakatoa, eruption of,206et seq.Kurile Islands, volcanoes of,28Laacher See,121-123Lampophyre,262Lancerote,34Lasaulx, Prof. von,68Lavas, relative density of,232-234Lima in 1746, earthquake of,222Lipari Islands, volcanoes of,69et seq.Lisbon, earthquake of,221Lister, J. J.,38Lunar volcanoes,236et seq.Lyell, Sir C.,30,62,78,217Mackowen, Col.,74Magdala, volcanic series of,192-193Mallet, R.,9,217Mauna Loa,19,39,249Mica-trap,262Milne, Prof.,28,218,253Moab, volcanic regions of,132Moon, volcanoes of,236et seq.Monte Nuovo,85Mull,172et seq.Neapolitan group of volcanoes,28New Zealand, volcanoes of,146Obsidian,264Ocean waves of seismic origin,208,220O'Reilly, Prof.,9,219Orizaba,21Ovid,3Pacific, volcanic islands of,37Palestine, dormant volcanoes of,126-135Palmieri, Prof.,55Pantelleria,74Phlegræan fields,85Phonolite,263Pitchstone,264Pliny,2,4Porphyrite,262Powell, Major,138Pre-Tertiary volcanic rocks,187et seq.;of British Isles,196et seq.Puy de Dôme,105-110Pythagoreans on volcanoes,2-3Quito, Cordilleras of,25Rangitoto,19,149Reyer, Dr. E.,17Rhine valley, volcanoes of,113et seq.Rhyolite,263Riviera in 1887, earthquake of,219Rocca Monfina,80Roderberg,119,120Rome,88-89Rosenbusch, H.,260Roto Mahana,151Ruapahu,151Russell, Hon. Rollo,213Rutley, F.,260St. Helena,37San Francisco, Mount,138Santorin,76-83Schehallion,10Schumacher,127Scotland, volcanic districts of,172et seq.Scrope, Poulett,5,73,93,98Scuir of Eigg,180-184Seismic phenomena, special,201et seq.,217et seq.Shasta, Mount,140Siebengebirge,116-120Skye,177-179Sleamish,168Smyth, Piazzi,33Snake River, volcanoes of,142Staffa,185-186Strabo on volcanoes,3Stromboli,71-73Sumatra, volcanic action in,226Syenite,262Symes, R. G.,167Syria, earthquakes in,219Taupo Lake,150Taylor, Mount,138Tell el Ahmâr,131Tell el Akkasheh,131Tell el Farras,131Tell Abû en Nedâ,130Tell Abû Nedîr,129Templepatrick, quarry at,160Teneriffe,33Tertiary period, volcanic activity of,255Thucydides,2Tonga Islands, volcanoes of,38Tongariro,151Trachyte,263Trass of Brühl Valley,123-125Tristan da Cunha,37Tristram, Canon,127,131Utah, volcanoes of,137Verbeek, R. D. M.,202Vesuvius,4,14,41-60,67,229Volcanoes,historic notices of,1-5;form, structure, and composition of,10-19;lines and groups of active,20-29;of mid-ocean,30-40;extinct or dormant,84et seq.;special volcanic and seismic phenomena,201et seq.;the ultimate cause of volcanic action,225et seq.;whether we are living in an epoch of special volcanic activity,253-256;brief account of volcanic rocks,259-265Vulcanists,5Vulcano,69,71Wallace, A. R.,81Waltershausen, W. S. von,7,61Wellington, Mount,149Wharton, Capt.,212Whymper, E.,18Yarmûk, valley of the,129,131Yellowstone Park,145Zirkel, F.,260Zöllner,240

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Changed what appeared to be upsilon with inverted breve to upsilon with perispomeni in the Greek on page 2.

Changed 'Kilarrea' to 'Kilauea' on page 19: Mauna Loa and Kilarrea.

Changed 'Kilanea' to 'Kilauea' on page 39: Kilanea, 4158 feet.

Made punctuation (semi-colons) consistent in caption to figure 16.

Changed 'Brionde' to 'Brioude' on page 94: till at Brionde it becomes.

Changed 'occuping' to 'occupying' on page 96: occuping a hollow.

Changed 'Rodesberg' to 'Roderberg' on page 118: old extinct volcano of Rodesberg.

Changed 'Wolkenberg' to 'Wolkenburg' on page 118: and that of the Wolkenberg.

Left the reference to Jeremiah, l. 25. in footnote to Part III Chapter I, although Jeremiah, li. 25. seems more appropriate.

Changed 'fumarols' to 'fumaroles' on page 137: fumarols give evidence.

Removed extra comma on page 153: of the present, epoch.

Changed 'columnal' to 'columnar' on page 176: the columnal structure.

Changed 'groves' to 'grooves' on page 183: the groves and scorings.

Changed 'Angust' to 'August' on page 212: the 27th of Angust.

Changed 'mikroskopischen' to 'mikroskopische' on page 260: über mikroskopischen Structur.

Changed 'become' to 'becomes' on page 260: the rock become a leucite-basalt.

Left inconsistent spellings of 'Baalbec' and 'Baalbeck'; 'Harrat' and 'Harrât'; 'mètres' and 'metres'; 'pitchstone' and 'pitch-stone'; 'prehistoric' and 'pre-historic'; 'Rhône' and 'Rhone'; 'sub-aerial', 'subaërial' and 'subaerial'; 'tableland' and 'table-land'.

Left the list numbering as is at the beginning of Chapter II of Part IV, even though the list begins at item c, as if it continues the list which began in the previous chapter.

Footnotes were collected at the end of each chapter, and text was flowed to move illustrations between paragraphs. This has some effect on the index, since the referred-to text may have been moved to a different page.

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