Mrs.Davis. No, sir.
Mr.Ball. How is it different?
Mrs.Davis. Well, it was dark and to me it looked like it was maybe a wool fabric, it looked sort of rough. Like more of a sporting jacket.
Mr.Ball. I show you a shirt which is Commission Exhibit No. 150. Was that—does that shirt look anything like something he had on, that the man had on who went across your lawn?
Mrs.Davis. I thought that the shirt he had on was lighter than that.
Mr.Ball. I have no further questions. Where was Mrs. Markham when you first saw her?
Mrs.Davis. She was standing right here on this corner.
Mr.Ball. That picture?
Mrs.Davis. Yes, sir.
Mr.Ball. That picture that you refer to is photo number 3, Commission Exhibit 524.
It is as shown on the corner here, as the woman who is shown in the corner?
Mrs.Davis. That was her position.
RepresentativeFord. Do you wear glasses, Mrs. Davis?
Mrs.Davis. No, sir.
RepresentativeFord. Have you had your eyes examined recently?
Mrs.Davis. I believe it was in October when I applied for some driver's license.
RepresentativeFord. In October of 1963?
Mrs.Davis. Yes.
RepresentativeFord. You applied for a driver's license?
Mrs.Davis. I believe it was the first—some time in October, I believe.
RepresentativeFord. When you applied for a driver's license in Texas you have to take an examination?
Mrs.Davis. Yes, sir.
RepresentativeFord. And you did take one?
Mrs.Davis. Yes, sir.
RepresentativeFord. Did they recommend that you wear glasses?
Mrs.Davis. No, sir. He said my eyes are all right.
RepresentativeFord. He said your eyes were all right?
Mr.Dulles. Have you had any problems with the law at any time?
Mrs.Davis. No, sir.
Mr.Dulles. Except for traffic violations?
Mrs.Davis. No.
Mr.Dulles. Thank you. What is your husband's occupation?
Mrs.Davis. He is a roofer.
Mr.Dulles. What?
Mrs.Davis. Puts shingles and roofs on houses.
Mr.Dulles. Oh, yes, surely.
Mr.Ball. Mrs. Davis, before you went down to look at the man at the police station at 8 o'clock that night, had you seen television pictures of the man on television that he had been arrested?
Mrs.Davis. As far as I can remember I don't remember seeing it because I was out in the yard all the time that was going on, and I don't believe the TV was on.
Mr.Ball. Before you saw the man in the lineup were you shown a picture of any man by a police officer?
Mrs.Davis. No, sir.
Mr.Ball. Did you read a newspaper and see any pictures in a newspaper, picture of a man in the newspaper, before you went down there?
Mrs.Davis. I don't really know. I couldn't be quite sure. I can't remember whether I did or not.
Mr.Ball. Do you take an evening or a morning paper?
Mrs.Davis. We take an afternoon paper, we took an afternoon paper then.
Mr.Ball. Do you recall whether or not you did see a picture in the paper of the man?
Mrs.Davis. I don't remember. I don't even remember whether I read it or not. There was so much excitement.
Mr.Ball. When the man ran over the lawn, can you give me an estimate of how far away he was from you?
Mrs.Davis. I can't.
Mr.Ball. Make a judgment about it as to this room. Is it as far away from you to me?
Mrs.Davis. It was about as far as here to the corner of the room out there, or just a little bit more, the far corner.
RepresentativeFord. Just a little less, did you say?
Mrs.Davis. About like that.
Mr.Belin. About seven or eight steps?
Mr.Ball. About 20, 25 feet, is that right?
Mrs.Davis. I believe so.
Mr.Ball. There is an affidavit that has been filed with us, a statement you made to the Secret Service men on the first of December 1963. And in that affidavit, it says, after describing that "The man was on the sidewalk directlyin front of me and shaking shells from a pistol into his hand as he walked,"—this says here, "The man was walking in a normal direction and walked across the corner of my property towards Patton Street."
Did you ever tell anyone that you saw the man walking in a normal direction?
Mrs.Davis. No; I showed them where it was at, and they done that.
Mr.Ball. I see. He was walking—what direction?
Mrs.Davis. I didn't know. And so they figured that out.
Mr.Ball. He was walking towards what street?
Mrs.Davis. He was going down Patton.
Mr.Ball. Towards what street?
Mrs.Davis. Jefferson. And so they figured it out for me.
Mr.Ball. However—when—did you see the man after he went around the corner of your house?
Mrs.Davis. No, sir.
RepresentativeFord. Did you see the taxicab parked on the corner?
Mrs.Davis. Yes, sir.
Mr.Ball. Let's go back to that afternoon, and you give your best memory of what the man looked like. Don't think of what anybody has told you or what has happened in between. Try to remember the vision you had of that man—the color of his hair, the size of his build and so forth.
Mrs.Davis. You mean weight and like that?
Mr.Ball. He was white, wasn't he?
Mrs.Davis. Yes, sir.
Mr.Ball. Light complexioned, or dark?
Mrs.Davis. He was more light complected than he would have been dark.
Mr.Ball. Color of his hair?
Mrs.Davis. It was either dark brown or black. It was just dark hair.
Mr.Ball. And the color of his clothes?
Mrs.Davis. Well, I said he had on—he looked to me that he had on dark trousers, and it looked like a light colored shirt, with a dark coat over it.
Mr.Ball. About what age would you say the man was?
Mrs.Davis. I am not very good on that. I don't know. I would say he was about 23, 24.
Mr.Ball. And what about his weight and height?
Mrs.Davis.I——
Mr.Ball. You have to be general, I know that.
Mr.Dulles. Just your best recollection. If you haven't any, just tell us.
Mrs.Davis. I just don't know.
Mr.Ball. Was he fat or slender?
Mrs.Davis. He was slender built, and not very heavy.
Mr.Ball. Was he a tall man, or a real short man, or average?
Mrs.Davis. Oh, he wasn't especially tall. I would say he was about medium height or a little taller. I mean he wasn't extra tall.
Mr.Ball. Now, did you have some difficulty in identifying this No. 2 man in the showup when you saw him?
Mrs.Davis. Well, they made us look at him a long time before they let us say anything.
Mr.Ball. What about you? I am not talking about what you told them.
What was your reaction when you saw this man?
Mrs.Davis. Well, I was pretty sure it was the same man I saw. When they made him turn sideways, I was positive that was the one I seen.
Mr.Ball. I have no further questions.
Mr.Belin. Thank you, Mrs. Davis.
Mr.Dulles. Did your sister-in-law go with you to the lineup?
Mrs.Davis. Yes, sir.
Mr.Dulles. Did she make an identification?
Mrs.Davis. Yes, sir.
Mr.Dulles. At the same time as you did?
Mrs.Davis. Yes, sir.
Mr.Dulles. Did you see her identification?
Mrs.Davis. We didn't discuss it.
Mr.Dulles. I mean, but after she had made it, did you see what identification she had made?
Mrs.Davis. Do you mean—I don't understand what you mean.
Mr.Dulles. Well, let me start over again.
Did you identify the man in the lineup before your sister-in-law?
Mrs.Davis. Yes, sir.
Mr.Dulles. Before your sister-in-law?
Mrs.Davis. Yes, sir; I was the first one.
Mr.Dulles. All right.
Did your sister-in-law, to your knowledge, make the same identification?
Mrs.Davis. Yes, sir; she was there with me at the same time.
Mr.Dulles. She was standing with you. And she saw the identification you had made?
Mrs.Davis. All I done was just lean over and tell the man.
Mr.Dulles. How did you make your identification? By pointing or holding up your fingers.
Mrs.Davis. The man that was sitting next to me just asked me which one I thought it was, and I leaned over and told him. And then he leaned around me and asked her.
Mr.Dulles. He did what?
Mrs.Davis. He leaned around—he was behind me, and asked her.
Mr.Dulles. I see.
Mrs.Davis. I sort of set up where he could talk to her.
Mr.Dulles. And did you identify the man by number or by pointing?
Mrs.Davis. By number.
Mr.Dulles. Do you remember what number it was?
Mrs.Davis. It was number 2. From the left.
Mr.Dulles. Have you any questions?
RepresentativeFord. Did you whisper this information to the man behind you?
Mrs.Davis. Well, we were all sitting in a line, and he was sitting on this side of me. He just leaned over and asked me which one I thought it was.
RepresentativeFord. He was sitting on your right?
Mrs.Davis. Yes.
RepresentativeFord. And you turned to your right and told him?
Mrs.Davis. Yes, sir.
RepresentativeFord. And your sister-in-law was sitting on your left?
Mrs.Davis. On the other side, yes.
RepresentativeFord. When you spoke to him, you were speaking away from her?
Mrs.Davis. Yes, sir.
RepresentativeFord. Did you speak in a loud voice or a whisper?
Mrs.Davis. No, sir; very quietly.
RepresentativeFord. You think your sister-in-law heard you say the number?
Mrs.Davis. I don't know.
MrDulles. Mr. Attorney General, have you any questions?
Mr.Carr. Thank you, I do not.
Mr.Murray. I have no questions.
Mr.Belin. I think the record should show that although the witness did not receive the letter notifying her of our request for an appearance, we mailed it to her last known address at 400 East 10th Street, and the letter came back here. But the notice was mailed to the witness. It was just that it was not forwarded to where she now lives in Athens.
Mr.Dulles. You had moved from this house where these incidents took place?
Mrs.Davis. Yes.
Mr.Dulles. Off the record.
(Discussion off the record.)
Mr.Dulles. You are excused. Thank you very much.
Mr.Ball. Our next witness is Mr. Ted Callaway.
Mr.Dulles. Mr. Callaway, in the absence of the Chief Justice, I am presiding over the meeting of the Commission this morning.
Would you kindly raise your right hand?
Do you swear that the testimony that you will give to this Commission is the truth, the whole truth, so help you God?
Mr.Callaway. Yes, sir.
Mr.Dulles. And nothing but the truth?
Mr.Callaway. That is correct.
Mr.Dulles. You may be seated.
Mr. Ball, will you proceed?
Mr.Ball. Mr. Callaway, we are investigating the assassination of President Kennedy. We are going to ask you questions with regard to what you saw on the day of November 22, 1963, in Dallas.
Where do you live?
Mr.Callaway. 805 West Eighth.
Mr.Ball. What is your business?
Mr.Callaway. Car salesman.
Mr.Ball. We would like to know something about your background. We ask most of the witnesses these questions.
Where were you born?
Mr.Callaway. In Dallas.
Mr.Ball. Were you raised in Dallas?
Mr.Callaway. Yes, sir.
Mr.Ball. Went to school in Dallas?
Mr.Callaway. Yes, sir.
Mr.Ball. How old are you?
Mr.Callaway. Forty.
Mr.Ball. How far through school did you go?
Mr.Callaway. Two years of college.
Mr.Ball. What college?
Mr.Callaway. S.M.U.
Mr.Ball. And what did you do after you got out of college?
Mr.Callaway. I worked part time as a clothing salesman downtown, and then my uncle was a painter, and I worked for him for awhile. Then I went back in the Marines for 3 years.
And I have been selling cars since '56.
Mr.Ball. You are a used-car salesman?
Mr.Callaway. Yes.
Mr.Ball. Where were you employed—have you had any trouble with the police of any sort?
Mr.Callaway. No.
Mr.Ball. Any difficulty at all in your life?
Mr.Callaway. No, sir; never.
Mr.Ball. You were discharged from the Marines, were you?
Mr.Callaway. Yes, sir.
Mr.Ball. What year?
Mr.Callaway. 1954.
Mr.Ball. Received an honorable discharge from the service?
Mr.Callaway. Yes, sir.
Mr.Ball. On November 22, 1963, where were you working?
Mr.Callaway. At Harris Bros., auto sales.
Mr.Ball. And what was your job?
Mr.Callaway. I was used-car manager.
Mr.Ball. Now, Harris Bros. Auto Sales is located where?
Mr.Callaway. 501 East Jefferson.
Mr.Ball. Where is that from 10th and Patton?
Mr.Callaway. Just one block.
Mr.Ball. One block south?
Mr.Callaway. Yes, sir.
Mr.Ball. What corner?
Mr.Callaway. It would be on the northeast corner.
Mr.Ball. So that we can orient ourselves from 10th and Patton—I have marked this diagram as Commission Exhibit 537.
(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 537 for identification.)
Mr.Ball. Now, Mr. Callaway, will you, on 537, take this and mark the location of the used car lot with an "X"?
Mr.Callaway. All right, sir.
Right here.
Mr.Ball. The "X" marks the position of the used-car lot?
Mr.Callaway. Yes, sir.
Mr.Ball. Now, Mr. Callaway, around 1:15 or so of that day, where were you?
Mr.Callaway. I was standing on the front porch of our office.
Mr.Ball. That is at 401 East Jefferson?
Mr.Callaway. No; 501.
Mr.Ball. I will show you a picture which we will mark as 538.
(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 538 for identification.)
Mr.Ball. Does this show a picture of the office?
Mr.Callaway. Yes, sir. That is it.
Mr.Ball. Now, you went down there one day last week to have some pictures taken.
Mr.Callaway. Yes, sir.
Mr.Ball. Did you attempt to stand in the same place you were at the time?
Mr.Callaway. Yes, sir.
Mr.Ball. Where you were standing November 22d around 1 o'clock or so?
Mr.Callaway. Yes, sir.
Mr.Ball. What did you hear at that time?
Mr.Callaway. I heard what sounded to me like five pistol shots.
Mr.Ball. Five pistol shots?
Mr.Callaway. Five shots, yes, sir.
Mr.Ball. From the sound, could you tell the source of the sound?
Mr.Callaway. Yes, sir, I could tell it was back of the lot over toward 10th Street.
Mr.Ball. And what did you do?
Mr.Callaway. I ran out to the sidewalk on Patton.
Mr.Ball. And what did you see?
Mr.Callaway. Well, I could see—I was still—before I got to the sidewalk, I could see this taxicab parked down on Patton. I saw the cabdriver beside his cab, and saw a man cutting from one side of the street to the other. That would be the east side of Patton and over to the west side of Patton. And he was running. And he had a gun in his hand, his right hand.
Mr.Ball. And how was he holding the gun?
Mr.Callaway. We used to say in the Marine Corps in a raised pistol position.
Mr.Ball. That would be with the muzzle pointed upward, and with the arm bent at the elbow, is that right?
Mr.Callaway. Yes, sir; just like this.
Mr.Ball. I have a picture here, 539.
(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 539 for identification.)
Mr.Ball. When this picture was taken, did you try to represent the place you were standing when you saw the man?
Mr.Callaway. Yes, sir.
Mr.Ball. How did you get there?
Mr.Callaway. I ran.
Mr.Ball. You ran from the place on the porch, is that right?
Mr.Callaway. That is right. From right here, to there.
Mr.Ball. Now, you were at the place shown on 538, on the porch?
Mr.Callaway. Yes.
Mr.Ball. And when you heard the shots, what did you do?
Mr.Callaway. I just hurried—I don't know whether I really ran or not. But I hurried off the side of this porch and came to this position.
Mr.Ball. All right. When you came to this position, you say you saw a taxicab?
Mr.Dulles. Where is this position on this chart? Right here?
Mr.Callaway. It would be about right here. I come off the porch here.
Mr.Dulles. Point 29?
Mr.Callaway. Yes.
Mr.Ball. You saw a taxicab where, on photo 29?
Mr.Callaway. Right here.
Mr.Ball. Let's mark an arrow there, about where you saw the taxicab. The arrow marks the position of the taxicab. You saw a man?
Mr.Callaway. Yes, sir.
Mr.Ball. He was crossing Patton?
Mr.Callaway. Yes, sir.
Mr.Ball. Was that to the south or the north of the taxicab? Closer to you than the taxicab?
Mr.Callaway. Yes.
Mr.Ball. Was he running or walking?
Mr.Callaway. He was running.
Mr.Ball. And where were you when you noticed he had the gun? Or where was he when you noticed he had the gun?
Mr.Callaway. When I first saw the gun, he had already crossed from here to here and was coming up this sidewalk.
Mr.Ball. Coming up the sidewalk on which side of Patton?
Mr.Callaway. West side of Patton.
Mr.Ball. And did he continue to come?
Mr.Callaway. Yes.
Mr.Ball. And did you say anything to him?
Mr.Callaway. Yes.
Mr.Ball. What did you say?
Mr.Callaway. I hollered "Hey, man, what the hell is going on?" When he was right along here.
Mr.Ball. Make a mark there where he was when you yelled, "What the hell is going on?" "X" marks the place where the man with the gun was when you yelled at him?
Mr.Callaway. That is right.
Mr.Dulles. Would you mark it on this chart, too—Exhibit 537?
Mr.Callaway. Right along here—about 27. I guess. That would be it. You see, here is where I was, sir. And then he was right there when I hollered at him.
Mr.Dulles. I don't get this. There is an alleyway there, apparently.
Mr.Callaway. That is right.
Mr.Dulles. But here is where the squad car was.
Mr.Callaway. That is right.
Mr.Dulles. And here is where the cab was.
Mr.Callaway. That is right.
Mr.Dulles. He had come all the way down?
Mr.Callaway. He had come from there through this yard and cut behind this taxicab, over to this side of the street.
Mr.Dulles. So he was there, then?
Mr.Callaway. No, sir. I didn't holler at him until he came up to here. He was running up this sidewalk.
Mr.Dulles. He was going south on Patton?
Mr.Callaway. On the west side of the street.
RepresentativeFord. You saw him run from about thetaxicab——
Mr.Callaway. Across the street, up this sidewalk.
Mr.Dulles. About how far is that? Fifty feet or more?
Mr.Callaway. Oh, it is more than that. From here down to there, I think is about 300 feet.
Mr.Ball. Mark on this diagram, which is 537, where the man was, and the course he took.
Mr.Callaway. Well, now, when I first saw him he was right here. Then he came across here, down this way.
Mr.Ball. Down to the point where you spoke to him?
Mr.Callaway. That is right.
Mr.Ball. What did he do when you hollered at him?
Mr.Callaway. He slowed his pace, almost halted for a minute. And he said something to me, which I could not understand. And then kind of shrugged his shoulders, and kept on going.
Mr.Ball. Show the course he took on the map, if you will.
Mr.Callaway. All right.
Right on down here, and he cut through this front yard.
Mr.Ball. And where was he when you last saw him?
Mr.Callaway. Right here.
Mr.Ball. Right at that point?
Mr.Callaway. Yes.
Mr.Ball. Now, the first "X" marks the position of the parking lot—we will mark that 1. The place of the taxicab we will mark as 2. The place where the man was with the gun when you yelled at him, we will mark that as 3. The last place you saw the man, that we will mark 4.
Mr.Callaway. Yes, sir.
Mr.Ball. All right.Now——
Mr.Dulles. May I ask what course he was taking when you last saw him?
Mr.Callaway. He was going west on Jefferson Street.
Mr.Dulles. West on Jefferson Street?
Mr.Callaway. Yes, sir.
Mr.Ball. What did you do?
Mr.Callaway. I hollered to this guy behind—B. D. Searcy.
Mr.Ball. What did you say to Mr. Searcy?
Mr.Callaway. I told him to keep an eye on that guy, I says, "Keep an eye on that guy, follow him. I am going to go down there and see what is going on." So I ran, a good hard run, from here down around the corner.
Mr.Ball. 10th and Patton?
Mr.Callaway. Yes.
Mr.Ball. When you got there what did you see?
Mr.Callaway. I saw a squad car, and by that time there was four or five people that had gathered, a couple of cars had stopped. Then I saw—I went on up to the squad car and saw the police officer lying in the street. I see he had been shot in the head. So the first thing I did, I ran over to the squad car. I didn't know whether anybody reported it or not. So I got on the police radio and called them, and told them a man had been shot, told them the location, I thought the officer was dead. They said we know about it, stay off the air, so I went back.
By this time an ambulance was coming. The officer was laying on his left side, his pistol was underneath him. I kind of rolled him over and took his gun out from under him. The people wonder whether he ever got his pistol out of his holster. He did.
Mr.Ball. The pistol was out of the holster?
Mr.Callaway. Yes, sir; out of the holster, and it was unsnapped. It was on his right side. He was laying with the gun under him.
Mr.Ball. What did you do?
Mr.Callaway. I picked the gun up and laid it on the hood of the squad car, and then someone put it in the front seat of the squad car. Then after I helped load Officer Tippit in the ambulance, I got the gun out of the car and told this cabdriver, I said, "You saw the guy didn't you?" He said, yes.
I said, "If he is going up Jefferson, he can't be very far. Let's see if we can find him." So I went with Scoggins in the taxicab, went up to 10th, Crawford, from Crawford up to Jefferson, and down Jefferson to Beckley. And we turned on Beckley. If we had kept going up Jefferson, we probably—there is a good chance we would have seen him, because he was headed right towards the Texas Theatre. But then we circled around several blocks, and ended up coming back to where it happened.
Mr.Ball. And the ambulance—had the ambulance been there by that time?
Mr.Callaway. Oh, yes; the ambulance already left before I ever left with the cabdriver.
Mr.Ball. Did you go down to the police station later?
Mr.Callaway. That evening.
Mr.Ball. What time?
Mr.Callaway. I think it was around 6:30 or 7 o'clock. I remember it was after dark.
Mr.Ball. Did you go down there alone?
Mr.Callaway. No. I went with Sam Guinyard, a colored porter of ours. He saw him, also.
(At this point, Representative Ford withdrew from the hearing room.)
Mr.Callaway. We drove down. Officer—Detective Jim Leavelle met us, and took us into this room where they showed us the lineup.
Mr.Ball. Now, before you went down there, had you seen any newspaper accounts of this incident?
Mr.Callaway. No, sir; I had been out there on the lot. I hadn't seen a newspaper, hadn't even heard a radio, really.
Mr.Ball. Had you seen any television?
Mr.Callaway. No, sir.
Mr.Ball. Had you seen a picture of a man?
Mr.Callaway. No.
Mr.Ball. The officer show you any pictures?
Mr.Callaway. No, sir.
Mr.Ball. You went into a police lineup, in a room where they had a lineup of men?
Mr.Callaway. Yes.
Mr.Ball. How many?
Mr.Callaway. Four.
Mr.Ball. And were they all the same size, or different sizes?
Mr.Callaway. They were about the same build, but the man that I identified was the shortest one of the bunch.
Mr.Ball. Were they anywhere near the same age?
Mr.Callaway. They were about the same age, yes, sir. They looked—you know.
Mr.Ball. And you say you identified a man. How did you do that?
Mr.Callaway.Well——
Mr.Ball. Tell us what happened.
Mr.Callaway. We first went into the room. There was Jim Leavelle, the detective, Sam Guinyard, and then this busdriver and myself. We waited down there for probably 20 or 30 minutes. And Jim told us, "When I show you these guys, be sure, take your time, see if you can make a positive identification."
Mr.Ball. Had you known him before?
Mr.Callaway. No. And he said, "We want to be sure, we want to try to wrap him up real tight on killing this officer. We think he is the same one that shot the President. But if we can wrap him up tight on killing this officer, we have got him." So they brought four men in.
I stepped to the back of the room, so I could kind of see him from the same distance which I had seen him before. And when he came out, I knew him.
Mr.Ball. You mean he looked like the same man?
Mr.Callaway. Yes.
Mr.Ball. About what distance was he away from you—the closest that he ever was to you?
Mr.Callaway. About 56 feet.
Mr.Ball. You measured that, did you?
Mr.Callaway. Yes, sir.
Mr.Ball. Last Saturday morning?
Mr.Callaway. Yes, sir.
Mr.Ball. Measured it with a tape measure?
Mr.Callaway. Yes, sir.
Mr.Ball. Did he have the same clothes on in the lineup—did the man have the same clothes?
Mr.Callaway. He had the same trousers and shirt, but he didn't have his jacket on. He had ditched his jacket.
Mr.Ball. What kind—when you talked to the police officers before you saw this man, did you give them a description of the clothing he had on?
Mr.Callaway. Yes, sir.
Mr.Ball. What did you tell them you saw?
Mr.Callaway. I told them he had some dark trousers and a light tannish gray windbreaker jacket, and I told him that he was fair complexion, dark hair.
Mr.Ball. Tell them the size?
Mr.Callaway. Yes; I told them—I think I told them about 5'10".
Mr.Dulles. Did you see his front face at any time, or did you only have a side view of him?
Mr.Callaway. He looked right at me, sir. When I called to him, he looked right at me.
Mr.Dulles. You saw front face?
Mr.Callaway. Yes.
Mr.Ball. I have a jacket here—Commission's Exhibit No. 162. Does this look anything like the jacket that the man had on that you saw across the street with a gun?
Mr.Callaway. Yes; it sure does. Yes, that is the same type jacket. Actually, I thought it had a little more tan to it.
Mr.Ball. Same type?
Mr.Callaway. Yes.
Mr.Ball. I show you a shirt, 150. Does it look anything like the shirt he had on under the jacket?
Mr.Callaway. Sir, when I saw him he didn't have—I couldn't see this shirt. I saw—he had it open. That shirt was open, and I could see his white T-shirt underneath.
Mr.Ball. He had a white T-shirt underneath?
Mr.Callaway. Yes. That is the shirt he had on in the lineup that night.
Mr.Ball. Was he fat or thin?
Mr.Callaway. He wasjust——
Mr.Ball. I mean the man you saw across the street?
Mr.Callaway. Just a nice athletic type size boy, I mean. Neither fat nor thin.
Mr.Ball. What did you estimate his weight when you talked to the officer before the lineup?
Mr.Callaway. I told him it looked to me like around 160 pounds.
Mr.Dulles. How fast was he going when you hailed him?
Mr.Callaway. Just a good steady trot, not real fast.
Mr.Dulles. He was not walking and not running—it was a trot?
Mr.Callaway. A trot; yes, sir.
Mr.Dulles. He stopped?
Mr.Callaway. Almost. He slowed down, like a guy is trotting along, and he almost stopped, and kept going.
Mr.Dulles. And he looked at you?
Mr.Callaway. Yes, sir.
Mr.Dulles. Did he say anything?
Mr.Callaway. Yes, sir; he said something, but I could not understand it.
Mr.Dulles. You could not understand what he said?
Mr.Callaway. That is right; yes, sir.
Mr.Dulles. And then did he resume his progress at a trot?
Mr.Callaway. Yes, sir.
Mr.Ball. Did you ever ask Searcy if he followed him?
Mr.Callaway. He didn't follow him.
He said something about "Follow him, hell. That man will kill you. He has a gun."
So instead of following him, he went back over and got behind the office building.
Mr.Dulles. Did he see him at any time?
Mr.Callaway. Yes; he saw him the same time I did; yes, sir. I never could figure out why he didn't just follow that man. You could follow 50 yards behind him and keep a guy in sight. Chances are you wouldn't get killed 50 yards away.
Mr.Dulles. Had you had previous military service?
Mr.Callaway. Yes, sir; I was in the Marine Corps 6 years, World War II, and during Korea.
Mr.Dulles. Did you ever tangle with the law in any way?
Mr.Callaway. No, sir.
Mr.Dulles. What years were you in the Marine Corps?
Mr.Callaway. 1942 through '45, and then '51 through '54.
Mr.Dulles. Were you in Korea?
Mr.Callaway. No, sir; I didn't go to Korea. I was at Camp Pendleton as a troop trainer.
Mr.Dulles. Off the record.
(Discussion off the record.)
Mr.Dulles. Back on the record.
Mr.Ball. I would like to offer to Exhibit 539, inclusive.
Mr.Dulles. Can you tell me what the numbers are?
Mr.Ball. 537, 538, and 539.
Mr.Dulles. Exhibits 537, 538, and 539 previously identified will now be admitted in evidence.
(The documents heretofore marked for identification as Commission Exhibits Nos. 537 through 539 were received in evidence.)
Mr.Dulles. Thank you very much. We appreciate your coming.
(Whereupon, at 12:40 p.m., the President's Commission recessed.)
The President's Commission met at 9:10 a.m. on March 30, 1964, at 200 Maryland Avenue NE., Washington, D.C.
Present were Chief Justice Earl Warren, Chairman; Representative Hale Boggs, Representative Gerald R. Ford, John J. McCloy, and Allen W. Dulles, members.
Also present were Arlen Specter, assistant counsel; Charles Murray, observer; and Dean Robert G. Storey, special counsel to the attorney general of Texas.
TheChairman. All right, Dr. Carrico, you know the reason why we are here, what we are investigating.
If you will raise your right hand, please, and be sworn, sir.
You solemnly swear the testimony you give before this Commission shall be the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth, so help you God?
Dr.Carrico. I do.
TheChairman. Mr. Specter will conduct the examination.
Mr.Specter. Dr. Carrico, will you state your full name for the record please?
Dr.Carrico. Charles James Carrico.
Mr.Specter. And what is your address, Dr. Carrico?
Dr.Carrico. Home address?
Mr.Specter. Please.
Dr.Carrico. It is 2605 Ridgwood in Irving.
Mr.Specter. What is your professional address?
Dr.Carrico. Parkland Memorial Hospital in Dallas, Tex.
Mr.Specter. How old are you, sir?
Dr.Carrico. 28.
Mr.Specter. Will you outline briefly your educational background?
Dr.Carrico. I attended grade school and high school in Denton, Tex.; received a Bachelor of Science in Chemistry from North Texas State University in 1947; received my M.D. from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School in 1961; served an internship at Parkland Memorial Hospital from 1961 to 1962; and then did a year of fellowship at the surgery department at Southwestern Medical School, followed by my surgery residency at Parkland Hospital.
Mr.Specter. Are you duly licensed to practice medicine in the State of Texas, Dr. Carrico?
Dr.Carrico. Yes; I am.
Mr.Specter. Are you board certified at the present time or are you working toward the board certification in surgery?
Dr.Carrico. I am engaged in surgery residency which will qualify me for board certification.
Mr.Specter. What experience have you had, if any, with gunshot wounds?
Dr.Carrico. In the emergency room at Parkland, during my residence school and internship and residency, we have seen a fair number of gunshot wounds.
Mr.Specter. Could you approximate the number of gunshot wounds you have treated in the course of those duties?
Dr.Carrico. In all probably 150, 200, something in that range.
Mr.Specter. What were your duties at Parkland Memorial Hospital on November 22, 1963?
Dr.Carrico. At that time I was assigned to the elective surgery service, which is the general surgery service treating the usual surgical cases. I was in the emergency room evaluating some patient for admission.
Mr.Specter. What were you doing specifically in the neighborhood of 12:30 p.m. on that day?
Dr.Carrico. At that time I had been called to the emergency room to evaluate a patient for admission to the hospital.
Mr.Specter. Were you notified that an emergency case involving President Kennedy was en route to the hospital?
Dr.Carrico. Yes, sir.
Mr.Specter. What is your best estimate as to the time that you were notified that President Kennedy was en route to the hospital?
Dr.Carrico. Shortly after 12:30 is the best I can do.
Mr.Specter. How long thereafter was it that he actually did arrive at Parkland, to the best of your recollection?
Dr.Carrico. Within 2 minutes approximately.
Mr.Specter. And precisely where were you at Parkland when you first observed him?
Dr.Carrico. When I first observed him I was in the emergency room, seeing—actually Governor Connally had been brought in first, as you know, Dr. Dulany and I had gone to care for Governor Connally and when the President was brought in I left Governor Connally and went to care for the President.
Mr.Specter. Will you describe briefly the physical layout of Parkland with respect to the point where emergency cases are brought up to the building and the general layout of the building into the emergency room.
Dr.Carrico. The emergency entrance is at the back of the building. There is an ambulance ramp. Then immediately adjacent to the ambulance ramp are, of course, double doors, swinging doors and a corridor which is approximately 30 feet long and empties directly into the emergency room.
Then inside the emergency room are several areas, the surgical area consists of about eight booths for treating, examination and treatment of patients, and four large emergency operating rooms.
Two of these are specifically set aside for acutely ill, severely ill, patients and these are referred to as trauma rooms.
Mr.Specter. And were these trauma rooms used in connection with the treatment of President Kennedy and Governor Connally?
Dr.Carrico. Yes, sir.
Mr.Specter. What precisely was the point where you met at his arrival?
Dr.Carrico. The President was being wheeled into trauma room one when I saw him.
Mr.Specter. Who else, if anyone, was present at that time?
Dr.Carrico. At that time, Dr. Don Curtis, Martin White.
TheChairman. Was he a doctor, too?
Dr.Carrico. Yes, sir; Miss Bowron.
Mr.Specter. Who is Miss Bowron?
Dr.Carrico. She is one of the nurses on duty at the emergency room.
Mr.Specter. Who was the first doctor to actually see the President?
Dr.Carrico. I was.
Mr.Specter. Now, what did you observe as to the condition of President Kennedy when you first saw him?
Dr.Carrico. He was on an ambulance cart, emergency cart, rather. His color was blue white, ashen. He had slow agonal respiration, spasmodic respirations without any coordination. He was making no voluntary movements. His eyes were open, pupils were seen to be dilated and later were seen not to react to light. This was the initial impression.
Mr.Specter. What was the status of his pulse at the time of arrival?
Dr.Carrico. He had no palpable pulse.
Mr.Specter. And was he making any movements at the time of arrival?
Dr.Carrico. No voluntary movements, only the spasmodic respirations.
Mr.Specter. Was any heartbeat noted at his arrival?
Dr.Carrico. After these initial observations we opened his shirt, coat, listened very briefly to his chest, heard a few sounds which we felt to be heartbeats and then proceeded with the remainder of the examination.
Mr.Specter. In your opinion was President Kennedy alive or dead on his arrival at Parkland.
Dr.Carrico. From a medical standpoint I suppose he was still alive in that he did still have a heartbeat?
Mr.Specter. What action, if any, was taken with respect to the removal of President Kennedy's clothing?
Dr.Carrico. As I said after I had opened his shirt and coat, I proceeded with the examination and the nurses removed his clothing as is the usual procedure.
Mr.Specter. Was President Kennedy wearing a back brace?
Dr.Carrico. Yes; he was.
Mr.Specter. Would you describe as precisely as you can that back brace?
Dr.Carrico. As I recall, this was a white cotton or some sort of fiber standard brace with stays and corset, in a corset-type arrangement and buckles.
Mr.Specter. How far up on his body did it come?
Dr.Carrico. Just below his umbilicus, as I recall.
Mr.Specter. How far down on his body did it go?
Dr.Carrico. I did not examine below his belt at that time.
Mr.Specter. Did you at any time examine below his belt?
Dr.Carrico. I did not; no, sir.
Mr.Specter. Do you know if anyone else did?
Dr.Carrico. Not in a formal manner.
Mr.Specter. What action did you take by way of treating President Kennedy on his arrival?
Dr.Carrico. After what we have described we completed an initial emergency examination, which consisted of, as we have already said, his color, his pulse, we felt his back, determined there were no large wounds which would be an immediate threat to life there. Looked very briefly at the head wound and then because of his inadequate respirations inserted an endotracheal tube to attempt to support these respirations.
Mr.Specter. Specifically what did you do with respect to the back, Dr. Carrico?
Dr.Carrico. This is a routine examination of critically ill patients where you haven't got time to examine him fully. I just placed my hands just above the belt, but in this case just above the brace, and ran my hands up his back.
Mr.Specter. To what point on his body?
Dr.Carrico. All the way up to his neck very briefly.
Mr.Specter. What did you feel by that?
Dr.Carrico. I felt nothing other than the blood and debris. There was no large wound there.
Mr.Specter. What source did you attribute the blood to at that time?
Dr.Carrico. As it could have come from the head wound, and it certainly could have been a back wound, but there was no way to tell whether this blood would have come from a back wound and not from his head.
Mr.Specter. What action did you next take then?
Dr.Carrico. At that time the endotracheal tube was inserted, using a curved laryngoscopic blade, inserting an endotracheal tube, it was seen there were some contusions, hematoma to the right of the larynx, with a minimal deviation of the larynx to the left, and ragged tissue below indicating tracheal injury.
The tube was inserted past this injury, and the cuff inflater was connected to a Bennett machine which is a respiratory assistor using positive pressure.
Mr.Specter. Will you describe briefly what you mean in lay terms by a cuffed endotracheal tube?
Dr.Carrico. This is a plastic tube which is inserted into the trachea, into the windpipe, to allow an adequate airway, adequate breathing. The cuff is a small latex cuff which should prevent leakage of air around the tube, thus insuring an adequate airway.
Mr.Specter. Will you continue, then, to describe what efforts you made to revive the President.
Dr.Carrico. After the endotracheal tube was inserted and connected, I listened briefly to his chest, respirations were better but still inadequate.
Dr. Perry arrived, and because of the inadequate respirations the presence of a tracheal injury, advised that the chest tube was to be inserted, this was done by some of the other physicians in the room.
At the same time we had been getting the airway inserted Dr. Curtis and Dr. White were doing a cutdown, venous section using polyethylene catheters through which fluid, medicine and blood could be administered.
Mr.Specter. Will you describe in lay language what you mean by a cutdown in relationship to what they did in this case?
Dr.Carrico. This was a small incision over his ankle and a tube was inserted into one of his veins through which blood could be given, fluid.
Mr.Specter. Is the general purpose of that to maintain a circulatory system?
Dr.Carrico. Right.
Mr.Specter. In wounded parties?
Dr.Carrico. Yes.
(At this point, Representative Ford entered the hearing room.)
Mr.Specter. Would you now proceed again to describe what else was done for the President in an effort to save his life?
Dr.Carrico. Sure. Dr. Perry then took over supervision and treatment, and the chest tubes were inserted, another cutdown was done by Dr. Jones on the President's arm.
Fluid, as I said, was given, blood was given, hydrocortisone was given. Dr. Clark, the chief neurosurgeon, Dr. Bashour, cardiologist, was there or arrived, and a cardiac monitor was attached and although I never saw any electro-activity, Dr. Clark said there was some electrical activity of the heart which means he was still tryingto——
Mr.Specter. What is Dr. Clark's position in the hospital?
Dr.Carrico. He is chief of the neurosurgery department and professor of the neurosurgery.
Mr.Specter. Dr. Carrico, will you continue to tell us then what treatment you rendered the President?
Dr.Carrico. When this electrocardiac activity ceased, close cardiac massage was begun. Using this, and fluids and airway we were able to maintain fairly good color, apparently fairly good peripheral circulation as monitored by carotid and radial pulses for a period of time. These efforts were abandoned when it was determined by Dr. Clark that there was no continued cardiac response. There was no cerebral response, that is the pupils remained dilated and fixed; there was evidence of anoxia.
Mr.Specter. Will you describe in lay language what anoxia means?
Dr.Carrico. No oxygen.
Mr.Specter. Was cardiac massage applied in this situation?
Dr.Carrico. Yes, sir; it was, excellent cardiac massage.
Mr.Specter. Were bloods administered to the President?
Dr.Carrico. Yes, sir.
(At this point, Mr. Dulles entered the hearing room.)
Mr.Specter. Dr. Carrico, was any action taken with respect to the adrenalin insufficiency of President Kennedy?
Dr.Carrico. Yes, sir; he was given 300 milligrams of hydrocortisone which is an adrenal hormone.
Mr.Specter. And what was the reason for the administration of that drug?
Dr.Carrico. It was recalled that the President had been said to have adrenal insufficiency.
Mr.Specter. Now, at what time was the death of the President pronounced, Doctor?