Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes.
Mr.Specter. Was there any street angle taken into consideration in the calculations here?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes; there is a 3° street grade that has to be deducted from the angle to the window to determine the actual angle from the street to the window as opposed to the horizon.
Mr.Specter. Will younow——
Mr.Dulles. Frame 161 is 3° on 161?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Three degrees all along Elm Street.
Mr.Dulles. All along. That applies to all of these different pictures, is that correct?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.Specter. Would you now read the same statistical data from frame 166 on Exhibit No. 889, please?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes.
From the chalk mark on the back of the stand-in for President Kennedy, to station C is 95.6 feet, the distance to rifle in window, 138.2 feet, the angle to rifle in window based on the horizontal, is minus 26°52´.
Distance to overpass is 391.5 feet. The angle to the overpass is 0°7´.
Mr.Specter. Did the back of President Kennedy ever come into view at any time while he was passing through the foliage of the oak tree?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes.
Mr.Specter. What frame number was ascertained with respect to that position?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. This was determined to be frame 185. There is a slight opening in the tree, where the car passed under the tree, where a shot could havebeen fired that would have passed through this opening in the tree. This again was positioned on the basis of Mr. Frazier in the window looking through the rifle scope and telling us on the street where to stop the car at the point where he could get a shot through the trees.
Mr.Specter. What Commission Exhibit number has been assigned to frame 185?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. This is Commission Exhibit No. 890, frame 185.
Mr.Specter. Is the "photograph through rifle scope" taken with the position of the car at the same place as "photograph from reenactment"?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.Specter. And is the "photograph from reenactment" in the same position, as close as you could make it to the "photograph from Zapruder's film"?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.Specter. Will you read the statistical data from frame 185?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes; from the point of the chalk on the back of the stand-in for the President at position 185 to station C is 114.8 feet, the distance to rifle on window is 154.9 feet.
The angle to rifle in window based on horizontal is 24°14´, distance to overpass is 372.5 feet. The angle to the overpass is 0°3´ above horizontal.
Mr.Specter. Was there any adjustment made for the difference in the height of the automobiles on the location where the back of the President's stand-in was visible through the tree?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes; there was an adjustment made for the 10 inch differential in the heights because of the different cars, and this was established as frame 186.
Mr.Specter. What Commission Exhibit number is affixed to frame 186?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Commission Exhibit No. 891.
Mr.Specter. On Exhibit No. 891 is the car in the same position in "photograph through rifle scope" and "photograph from reenactment"?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.Specter. Are the cars on those two pictures in the same positions on all of the frames which you are going to show this afternoon?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.Specter. In the "photograph from Zapruder film", does that "photograph from Zapruder film" show the Presidential automobile to be in the same position or as close to the same position as you could make it as is the replica car in the "photograph from reenactment"?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.Specter. Will you read the statistical data from frame 186, please?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes.
At frame 186 position the distance from the chalk mark on the back of the stand-in for the President was 116.3 feet from the station C. It was 156.3 feet to the rifle in the window.
The angle to the rifle in the window was 24°3' based on the horizontal. Distance to the overpass was 371.7 feet. The angle to the overpass is 0°3´.
Mr.Specter. Was that position ascertained where the chalk spot on the back of President Kennedy's coat was first visible from the sixth floor window through the telescopic sight?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.Dulles. This is after passing the tree.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes.
Mr.Specter. After passing out from under the oak tree.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes.
Mr.Specter. What frame did that turn out to be?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That was frame 207.
Mr.Specter. Do you have an exhibit depicting the same photographic sequence on frame 207?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes; I do.
Mr.Specter. What Commission Exhibit number has been affixed to that frame?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Commission Exhibit No. 892.
Mr.Specter. Is the car in the same position on "photograph through rifle scope" and "photograph from reenactment" on that exhibit?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes.
Mr.Specter. Is the car in the same position, as closely as you could make it, on the "photograph from reenactment" and "photograph from Zapruder film"?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.Specter. Will you now read the statistical data from that exhibit?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes. Distance from the chalk mark on the back of the stand-in for the President to the station C is 136.6 feet.
Distance to rifle in the window is 174.9 feet. The angle to the rifle in the window based on the horizontal is 21°50'. The distance to the overpass is 350.9 feet, and the angle to the overpass is 0°12'.
This is on frame 207, Commission Exhibit No. 892.
Mr.Specter. Was an adjustment made on that position for the heights of the automobiles?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes.
Mr.Specter. What was the adjusted frame for the first view that the marksman had of the President's stand-in coming out from under the tree?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is frame 210 and has been marked as Commission Exhibit No. 893 and represents the 10-inch adjustment for the difference in the height of the car as compared with frame 207.
Mr.Specter. Is the layout of frame 210 exactly the same as that for frames 207 and 185 that you have already testified about?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.Specter. In viewing the films on the frames preceding 210, what was President Kennedy doing?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. He is waving to the crowd, and in some frames it is obvious that he is smiling, you can actually see a happy expression on his face and hishand——
Mr.Dulles. Which way is he turning, to the left or to the right?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. He is looking toward the crowd to his right during most of that area, he is looking slightly to his right. His arm is up on the side of the car and his hand is in a wave, in approximately this position and he appears to be smiling.
Mr.Specter. What is the latest frame count where, to your eye, it appears that he is showing no reaction to any possible shot?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Approximately—I would like to explain a little bit, that at frames in the vicinity of 200 to 210 he is obviously still waving, and there is no marked change.
In the area from approximately 200 to 205 he is still, his hand is still in a waving position, he is still turned slightly toward the crowd, and there has been no change in his position that would signify anything occurring unusual. I see nothing in the frames to arouse my suspicion about his movements, up through in the areas from 200 on and as he disappears behind the signboard, there is no change.
Now, 205 is the last frame, 205 and 206 are the last frames where we see any of his, where we see the cuff of his coat showing above the signboard indicating his hand is still up generally in a wave.
From there on the frames are too blurry as his head disappears you can't really see any expression on his face. You can't see any change. It is all consistent as he moves in behind the signboard.
Mr.Specter. When you say "signboard" what do you mean by that, Mr. Shaneyfelt?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. I refer to the sign that is between the photographer, Mr. Zapruder, and the Presidential car.
RepresentativeFord. Not any sign post between the rifleman and the President?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. No; this is a sign between the cameraman and the President. So that we are unable to see his reaction, if any.
Mr.Specter. What is the frame at which Governor Connally first emerges from behind the sign you just described?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is frame 222.
Mr.Specter. Have you prepared a model demonstration on frame 222?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes; I have.
Mr.Specter. What Commission Exhibit number has just been affixed on that frame?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Frame 222 has been given Commission Exhibit No. 894.
Mr.Specter. Was the location of the automobile fixed from the window or from the street on frame 222?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. On frame 222, the position of the automobile was fixed from the street, based on the photograph from the Zapruder film.
Mr.Specter. Are the various photographs on that frame and the various distances the same in terms of general layout as the prior exhibit you testified to?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.Specter. What is the first frame at which President Kennedy is visible coming out from behind that sign?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. This is frame 225.
Mr.Specter. What Commission Exhibit has been affixed to frame 225?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Frame 225 has been assigned Commission Exhibit No. 895.
Mr.Specter. What, if anything, is detectable from a view of the Zapruder film frame 225 as to the positions or reaction of President Kennedy?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Frame 225 there appears to be a reaction on the part of the President. Thisis——
Mr.Specter. Describe specifically what movement he is making in that picture or what his position is?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. At frame 225 his hand is down, his right hand that was waving is down, and has been brought down as though it were reaching for his lapel or his throat. The other hand, his left hand is on his lapel but rather high, as though it were coming up, and he is beginning to go into a hunched position.
Mr.Specter. When you say beginning to go into a hunched position is that apparent to you from viewing the motion picture and slides from the frames which succeed frame 225?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is primarily apparent from the motion picture because of the two or three or four frames that show as he emerges from the sign; that is, in the motion picture, you see the President reaching for his coat lapels and going into a hunched position, leaning forward and lowering his head.
Mr.McCloy. That doesn't exist in frame 225 yet, does it?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. It is just beginning in frame 225. That is frame 225 is the first view we have of the President.
Mr.McCloy. Out past the sign.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. As he comes out from behind the sign that obstructs the cameraman from the President.
Mr.Dulles. But there is no obstruction from the sixth floor window?
Mr.Shaneyfelt, No; no obstruction at this point. There is no obstruction from the sixth floor window from the time they leave the tree until they disappear down toward the triple overpass.
Mr.Specter. Do the photographs on frame 225 depict the same circumstances as those depicted on the prior exhibits?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.Specter. And do the measurements on frame 225 cover the same subjects as those covered on prior exhibits?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.Specter. What is the angle from the rifle to the spot on the President's back on frame 210, please?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. On frame 210, the angle from the rifle to the window, based on the horizon is 21°34´.
Mr.Specter. That is from the rifle to what, Mr. Shaneyfelt.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. From the rifle to the chalk mark on the back of the stand-in for the President.
Mr.Specter. What is the same angle at frame 225?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. It is 20°11´.
Mr.Specter. Those angles are computed to the horizontal?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.Specter. What is the range of distance from the position of the car in frame 210 to the position of the car in frame 225?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is 14.9 feet between frame 210 and frame 225.
Mr.Specter. What is the position of President Kennedy at frame 210 with respect to position C.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. President Kennedy is 138.9 feet from station C at frame 210.
Mr.Specter. Station C.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes; station C to President Kennedy on frame 210 is 138.9 feet.
Mr.Specter. What is the distance between station C and President Kennedy at frame 225?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is 153.8 feet.
Mr.Specter. Was the car further positioned at frame 231?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes; it was.
Mr.Specter. What Commission exhibit number are we affixing to that?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is Commission Exhibit No. 896.
Mr.Specter. Are the photographs and measurements on 896 the same layout as those affixed to prior exhibits?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.Specter. Was the automobile stopped at frame 235 and similar photographs and measurements taken?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.Specter. What Commission exhibit number is affixed to frame 235.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Exhibit No. 897.
Mr.Specter. Was the automobile again stopped at frame 240 with measurements and photographs taken similar to those in prior exhibits?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes; it was. That is correct.
Mr.Specter. What Commission exhibit number is affixed to that frame?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Exhibit No. 898.
Mr.Specter. Was the automobile again stopped at frame 249 with similar photographs and measurements taken?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.Specter. And what Commission exhibit number is given to those calculations and photographs on frame 249?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Commission Exhibit 899.
Mr.Specter. Now, as to frame 249, that is how many frames beyond the first point at which the spot on President Kennedy's back was visible after he passed out from under the oak tree?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is 249?
Mr.Specter. Yes.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. It is 42 frames.
Mr.Specter. And does a 42-frame count have any significance with respect to the firing time on the Mannlicher-Carcano rifle?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes; we have established that the Zapruder motion picture camera operates at an average speed of 18.3 frames per second. And we have been advised that the minimum time for firing the rifle in successive shots is approximately two and a quarter seconds. So this gives us then a figure of two and a quarter seconds of frames; at 18.3, this gives us this figure of 41 to 42 frames.
RepresentativeFord. Would you repeat that again, please?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. The camera operates at a speed of 18.3 frames per second. So that in two and a quarter seconds it would run through about 42—41 to 42 frames.
RepresentativeFord. Then the firing of the rifle, repeat that again?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. As to the firing of the rifle—we have been advised that the minimum time for getting off two successive well-aimed shots on the rifle is approximately two and a quarter seconds. That is the basis for using this 41to 42 frames to establish two points in the film where two successive quick shots could have been fired.
RepresentativeFord. That is with one shot and then the firing.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Work the bolt and fire another one.
Mr.Specter. At frame 249 was Governor Connally in a position where he could have taken a shot with the bullet entering at the point immediately to the left under his right armpit with the bullet then going through and exiting at a point immediately under his right nipple?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. No; Governor Connally has begun to turn in his seat around in this manner, in such a way, turn to his right so that his body is in a position that a shot fired from the sixth floor window could not have passed through the path that it reportedly took through his body, if the bullet followed a straight, undeflected path.
Mr.Dulles. I don't quite get that. You mean because of his having turned this way, the shot that was then—had then been fired and apparently had hit the President could not have gone through him at that point?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct under the stated conditions. Even a shot, independent of the shot that hit the President, could not have gone through in that manner, coming from the sixth floor window, because the window was almost directly behind the automobile at that time and the Governor was in a position where the bullet couldn't have gone through his body in the manner that it reportedly did.
It would have come in through his shoulder and out through the other shoulder, in the way that he was lined up with the window.
Mr.Specter. So you say it could have gone through him, but it could not have passed through him with the angle of entry as disclosed in the Parkland Hospital records and described by Dr. Shaw?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct, if it followed a straight path.
Mr.Specter. And exiting immediately under his right nipple, again as described in the hospital records at Parkland and by Dr. Shaw.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.Specter. Have those points of entry and exit been made available to you in your analysis of this situation?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes; they have.
Mr.Specter. Could you elaborate just a little further on the observations and reasoning which you have undertaken to come to the conclusion which you have just expressed?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. We are speaking of frame 249, are we?
Mr.Specter. Yes, sir, frame 249.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Could I see that exhibit? The photograph in the lower left corner of Commission Exhibit No. 899 is the photograph taken through the scope of the rifle on the sixth floor window when the car was stationed in this frame number position. It is noted from this photograph that the rifle is not quite directly behind the car but very nearly directly behind the car.
Governor Connally's body is turned. We have duplicated the position in the Zapruder photographs of Governor Connally and the President in the reenactment photograph, as nearly as possible, duplicated the same body position, and from the sixth floor window then you can see from the photograph that the Governor's body is turned to the Governor's right in such a fashion that an undeflected shot would not go through in the path as described by the Parkland doctors.
Mr.McCloy. I don't quite follow that yet. The President has been shot at frame 249, according to your theory.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes.
Mr.McCloy. Might he not also have been shot at some earlier frames in—the indications are the reactions are shown considerably ahead of that frame.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.McCloy. So, for example, at frame 237 and at frame 237 Governor Connolly hasn't turned to the right.
Mr.Dulles. But a shot has been fired at this time.
Mr.McCloy. But a shot has been fired at that time.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes.
Mr.McCloy. So at that point he could have been hit; Governor Connally could have been hit.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes; Governor Connally could have been hit by frame 238.
Mr.McCloy. But your point is when he gets farther along, he couldn't have been hit, let's say at frame 249 in the same spot where he was hit.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.McCloy. Yes.
Mr.Dulles. He made the turn later than those frames you have been discussing at the time apparently of the first shot at the President.
Mr.McCloy. Yes; the first shot, but according to these frames, the first shot hit the President considerably before this.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes, sir.
Mr.McCloy. And at a time again when Governor Connally's back was square to the window.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Well, not exactly square. I believe he was turned slightly to the right as he went behind the sign.
Mr.McCloy. Take frame 231.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes.
Mr.McCloy. There the President has got his hands up as you put it to his throat.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes.
Mr.McCloy. And here is Connally facing to the front.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes.
Mr.McCloy. So at that point a bullet coming through the President's throat could have hit Connally in the spot where it did hit Connally.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. I am going to defer that question to Mr. Frazier who is in the window with the rifle scope and made a more thorough study of the possible path of the bullet. But he is straight in the car in frame 231.
Mr.McCloy. But your testimony is in frame 248—frame 249 Connally couldn't have been hit from this window in the position where he was sitting.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct, on the basis stated.
Mr.Dulles. But, you would have then the problem you would think if Connally had been hit at the same time, would have reacted in the same way, and not reacted much later as these pictures show.
Mr.McCloy. That is right.
Mr.Dulles. Because the wounds would have been inflicted.
Mr.McCloy. That is what puzzles me.
Mr.Dulles. That is what puzzles me.
SenatorCooper. Would you identify the frame in which Governor Connally started turning to the right?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. I might say that as—in the motion picture—as the car comes out from behind the signboard, the Governor is turned slightly to his right in this manner. This would be in the first frame, in frame 222, he is turned just slightly to his right, and from there on he turns almost square, straight on with the car momentarily, and there is a jerking motion there at one point in the film about there, at which time he starts to turn this way and continues to turn.
Mr.Dulles. Jerky motion in Connally in the film.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. There is—it may be merely where he stopped turning and started turning this way. It is hard to analyze.
Mr.Dulles. What I wanted to get at—whether it was Connally who made the jerky motion or there was something in the film that was jerky. You can't tell.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. You can't tell that.
Mr.McCloy. Certainly the film is jerky at that point. I mean there is a big blur.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. He does turn.
Mr.McCloy. Just before and after that.
RepresentativeFord. But isn't it apparent in those pictures that after aslight hesitation Governor Connally's body turns more violently than the President's body?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes.
RepresentativeFord. The President's only reaction is a motion to his throat or to his neck with his hands.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
RepresentativeFord. Whereas Governor Connally actually turns his body rather sharply?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes; he turns as they go behind the signboard, he turns this way and he is turning a little bit this way and as he comes out of the signboard he is facing slightly to the right, comes around straight on and then he turns to his left straight on, and then he turns to his right, continues to turn around and falls over in Mrs. Connally's lap.
But in the motion picture it is a continuous movement as he goes around and falls.
SenatorCooper. Will you again answer my question which I asked and hasn't been answered and I say with all respect, in what frame did Governor Connally begin to turn to the right after he had placed his position straightforward as you have testified.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. I am sorry. That starts approximately at frames 233 to 234.
SenatorCooper. In what frame does the photograph show or in what frame is it shown that President Kennedy had moved his hands to his throat?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That shows on frame—it is clearer on frame 226, 225 is the frame where you first see him, and frame 226.
Mr.Dulles. How many frames between those two?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. From 26 to 33, eight. That would be a fraction of a second in time.
That is less than half second.
RepresentativeFord. It can be contended that based on these photographs of films that the first shot apparently was fired in frames 220 to 224, in that area.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes; I think you have to go back even to 210 because of reaction times; we don't know reaction times. But I would say between 210 and 225 because at 225 we have the President reacting.
So, in that 15 frames there it is behind the signboard, we can't see what is happening.
Mr.Dulles. What frame first shows him with his hands at his throat?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. 225, 226.
Mr.McCloy. 225, it is not too clear. It is much more pronounced in the next frame is where he puts his both hands to his throat, such as that.
Mr.Dulles. And Mrs. Kennedy has apparently turned around and looking at him.
Mr.McCloy. One hand may be coming down from waving in 225.
Mr.Dulles. That is his left hand there—no; it is his right hand, your right. His right hand.
RepresentativeFord. Then based on the mathematics of how quickly a second shot could be fired, the second shot would be fired in approximately what frame?
If you assume it, the first shot is from 210 to 224.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. It would be 252 to 266, down in there.
RepresentativeFord. That would be the elapsed time of what?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Two and a quarter seconds.
RepresentativeFord. Two and a quarter seconds.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is the very quickest.
Mr.Specter. On fixing the range from frames 210 to 225, where the President was first struck, did you take frame 210 because that was the first point after the President had passed out from under the oak tree?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes; that is the first point from this, and although we are able to see in the films that there is no apparent reaction from the President from 203 to 210, and as he disappears from behind the signboard, we cannot estimate the reaction time.
Mr.Specter. When you say reaction time you mean?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Of the President?
Mr.Specter. Reaction time from205——
RepresentativeFord. To 210?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes.
RepresentativeFord. But there at frame 210, that is the first point at which the marksman had a clear shot after the President passed out from under the tree.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
RepresentativeForm. Then you select frame 225 as the outside limit of the shot which struck the President because that is where you first observe a reaction by the President when he comes out from behind the sign.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.Dulles. What frames are blanked out because of the sign?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. The President, the last we get any scene of him at all, and this is just the very top of his head is 210.
Mr.Dulles. 210 to what is blanked out?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. 225.
Mr.Dulles. To 225 is blanked out?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes, that is 15 frames.
Mr.McCloy. 224 he just begins to appear.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes.
Mr.McCloy. I don't think if you assume the President was hit at 225 and I don't think that is clear at all. I think it begins to get clear about 227 that he had been hit, that the reaction really develops. But I think that 225 it may very well be that he has not been hit because his hand isn't at his throat, he may be just moving from the position of waving.
Mr.Dulles. But that is about a tenth of a second.
Mr.McCloy. Yes; it is a very short time entirely, but I don't think the frame unequivocally shows the reaction to the bullet at 225. I think it does unequivocally show it at 226 and 227.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.Specter. Perhaps an additional question on the clarity of the slide itself as a point of reaction would be in order for Mr. Shaneyfelt, and then, may I say parenthetically, we want to have the Commission see these slides this afternoon.
We have prepared them to show to you so that you can observe for yourself what we are bringing to you through the witness to give you a frame of reference and an orientation.
Mr. Shaneyfelt, then what was your impression by frame 225, as you viewed it most recently this morning, with respect to a possible reaction on that frame made from the original Zapruder film?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. It is my feeling that at frames 225, 226 and 227 you are having a reaction. You have a split second there, and at 225 the reaction is barely discernible, more discernible on the film and the slides than the reproduction you have here but it has to be considered in the light of the motion picture you see as he starts this reaction, and the reaction is by frame—in either the slides or pictures—is clearly apparent in 226, and barely apparent in 225.
Mr.Specter. Now, was frame 249 selected as a situs for calculations on the possible construction that President Kennedy was struck in the back at the first point unadjusted at which he emerged from the tree, to wit: frame 207, with an additional calculation of 42 frames giving the approximately two and a quarter seconds for the firing of a second shot to determine through this one means whether there was time for the rifleman to have operated the bolt, assuming he made a shot at 207, and to have made another shot at the earliest possible time at 249.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That was the basis for the selection of frame 249, yes.
Mr.Specter. Now, going back just a moment, was frame 231 selected as a basis for analysis as the first frame after 225 because Governor Connally expressed the opinion when he viewed the frames that he thought he was hit by or at frame 231.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.Specter. And was frame 235 selected as a basis of analysis because that was one point at which a number of the viewers, including staff and agents of the FBI and Secret Service thought that might be the last frame at which Governor Connally had turned enough to the right to still take a shot and have the bullet pass through his body from the sixth floor window at the angle described in the medical reports and by his doctors.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct on the basis of an undeflected path. That is the frame that the doctors selected as the frame beyond which he could not have received this shot and have it travel in the path that it reportedly traveled.
Mr.Specter. Was frame 240 selected for analysis as being the absolutely last time, based on the observations of those whom you have described as seeing the films, that the Governor could have conceivably taken a shot from the sixth floor window and have it pass through the body of the Governor in the way described in the medical reports and by the Governor's doctors?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.Specter. Was the analysis, made on the ability of the Governor to take the shot at each of the positions, based on the position he had at that particular frame in accordance with the amount of turn to the right which he had made at that particular time?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes.
Mr.Specter. Was there a still photograph known as AP photograph, which was taken at the time of the assassination or a view seconds thereafter, studied by you and others in connection with the analysis that you have been describing?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes; there was.
Mr.Specter. Was the simulated automobile placed in the same position that the Presidential automobile was in when the photograph was made by the AP photographer, as closely as it could be positioned at the time of the reenactment?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.Specter. What Commission exhibit number is attached to the photographs of that AP shot and the reenactment picture?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is Commission Exhibit No. 900.
Mr.Specter. Would you describe what photographs appear then on Commission Exhibit No. 900?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. On Commission Exhibit No. 900, the top photograph is a photograph purportedly made by an AP photographer shortly after one of the shots. It depicts the side of the Governor's head, the left side of the Governor's head, his ear is visible, he has turned considerably. It depicts the President's hand touching his lapels, and a portion of the President's face.
Secret Service agents on the followup car are seen also. The Texas School Book Building in the background.
The reenactment photograph was made after positioning the car by looking at the photograph, based on the position of the car as related to the lane line in the street, as related to the position of the building, the column of the building and so on to reestablish the location.
We also reestablish in reenactment the position of the agent taking Governor Connally's position in the car used in the reenactment and the position of President Kennedy to closely approximate the actual photograph made by the AP, Associated Press. This was then studied, the car in this position was then studied, from the Zapruder position, and was determined to be frame 255.
Mr.Specter. Was an exhibit prepared then on frame 255?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.Specter. What Commission exhibit number is affixed to frame 255?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Exhibit No. 901.
Mr.Specter. Does that have the same layout of photographs and measurements as on frames 225, 222 and those which preceded them.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes; it has. It has the Zapruder photographs, the matching reenactment photograph, and the photograph through the rifle scope along with the measurements and the angles.
Mr.Specter. On the AP photograph shown on Commission Exhibit No. 900, what reaction, if any, do you observe by the Secret Service agents on the followup car?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. The Secret Service agents on the right-hand side of thefollowup car are looking back and to their right. The one to the front on the left-hand side of the car is looking generally toward the President.
The one in back of him on the left fender is looking slightly to his right.
RepresentativeFord. What is the distance on frame 255 between the President and the rifle?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. The distance to the rifle in the window is 218 feet. This is frame 255, which is well past the signboard, well past 249 which is the last frame we considered.
Mr.McCloy. Well past the first evidence of reaction?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes.
Mr.McCloy. On the part of the President to a shot.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Well past, and past the point in the film where Governor Connally states he has been hit.
Mr.Specter. Was that simulated car placed in any other position to duplicate still a subsequent frame?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes; the frame No. 313, which is the frame that records the shot to the President's head, was recorded as frame 313 and was reestablished during reenactment.
Mr.Specter. What Commission number has been affixed to frame 313?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Commission Exhibit No. 902.
Mr.Specter. Is this exhibit organized in a somewhat different fashion from the prior frame exhibits?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.Specter. Will you start with the photograph in the upper left-hand corner and describe for the Commissioners, please, each photograph or picture which appears thereon and what it represents?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes; I might state first that all of the other photographs were reestablished on the basis of the Zapruder film using reference points in the background of the pictures.
As is apparent here from the photograph of the Zapruder frame 313 there are no reference points. There is just a grassy plot. So there is no reference point on which we can reestablish the position of the car in the roadway.
For this reason it was necessary to use the Nix film of the head shot and the Muchmore film of the head shot to establish this position in the road.
The right-hand photograph represents frame 24 from the Nix film, and is the frame that depicts the shot to the head. We used Mr. Nix's camera and a print of this picture and stood in the previously determined position of Mr. Nix when he took his photographs, and had them roll the car down to a position so that the President's head was directly under the point where Mr. Zapruder is standing on the projection.
Mr.Specter. You are describing the photograph on whichside——
Mr.Shaneyfelt. On the—
Mr.Specter. Of the viewer.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. On the upper left-hand side.
Mr.McCloy. I think you said right.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. The upper left-hand photograph is the photograph from the—taken from the frame 24 of the Nix film.
The photograph on the right, upper right, is the photograph taken at the reenactment from the position where Mr. Nix was standing. We then proceeded over to the point that we had established as the position of Mrs. Muchmore, and using frame 42, which is a frame in her film depicting the shot to the head, and using the steps and their relation to the President and the objects in the background in relation to the President as shown in this lower left-hand photograph, which is the Muchmore frame 42, we reestablished, we checked the position we had placed the car in, based on the Nix photographs, and found that it conformed and checked out as being in a closely accurate position.
This is the basis used for establishing the position of the car. After we had established that, through the Nix and Muchmore films, we then checked it against the Zapruder photograph, which is the second from the top on the left of Commission Exhibit No. 902, frame 313, which shows the explosion from the top of the President's head. Just to the right of that secondpicture down from the right, is the photograph made at the reenactment from Zapruder's position.
We know from studying the films that just two or three frames before frame 313 we can see a little bit of yellow along the curb, and this checks out because along this area of the photograph from the Zapruder position of the reenactment is a yellow strip.
Mr.Specter. When you say this area you are referring to the yellow area which appears on the left-hand curb immediately to the rear of the simulated car?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct, and this, therefore, checks out this as being a fairly accurate position for the car in frame 313.
This photograph then, the third down on the left, is a photograph through the telescope of the rifle of the car positioned in frame 313.
Mr.McCloy. Would you read off those dimensions from that?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. The dimensions from the surveyor on frame 313 of the distance from the wound mark on the President's stand-in to station C is 230.8 feet.
Distance to the rifle in the window is 265.3 feet. The angle to rifle in window is 15°21´ and this is based on the horizontal.
Distance to the overpass is 260.6 feet, the angle to the overpass is 1°28´.
Mr.Specter. What would the angle be considering the adjustment on the angle of the street?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. It would be less 3° or 12°21´, approximately.
Mr.Specter. When you say approximately is that because the adjustment is somewhat greater than 3°?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes.
Mr.Specter. How much is it exactly, if you know?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. It is 3.9. It is almost 4.
Mr.Specter. Three degrees nine minutes?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Three degrees nine minutes, I am sorry.
Mr.Dulles. Would you have to make a similar adjustment to the overpass?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes; because the angle to the overpass is based on the horizontal. The overpass, you would have to add the 3°9´.
Mr.Dulles. From the overpass, is this an angle up or angle down?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. This is an angle down.
Mr.Dulles. So it is an angle down in both cases?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.Specter. When you say that you are reducing the angle of 15°21´ by 3°9´ to an angle of 12°12´, is that as the shot passes through the body of the President?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct. It is at that point.
Mr.Specter. How was the speed of the camera ascertained, Mr. Shaneyfelt?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. We obtained from Mr. Zapruder, Mr. Nix, Mrs. Muchmore; their cameras for examination, and in the FBI laboratory exposed film in all three cameras, aiming, focusing the camera on a clock with a large sweep-second hand. We then ran the camera at the speed and conditions as described by the people who used the cameras. We ran through several tests of film, and then after the film was developed it was studied under magnification, and frames were counted for a period of 2 to 3 seconds or for the full running time, and averages were taken.
Mr. Zapruder has stated that his camera was fully wound. Most of the others have stated their cameras were fully wound, so we were able to more or less eliminate the very slow time that occurs when the cameras are approximately run down, and all of these things were taken into consideration and were averaged.
The Zapruder camera was found to run at an average speed of 18.3 frames per second.
The Nix and Muchmore cameras were both found around 18.5 frames per second.
Mr.Specter. Were you able to ascertain the speed of the Presidential limousine at the time of the assassination?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes; because we were able to determine the speed of the camera, and thereby accurately determine the length of time it takes for aspecific number of frames to run through the camera at this 18.3 frames per second, and having located these frame positions in the street, we took the farthest distance point we had in the Zapruder film which was frame 161 through frame 313.
This was found to run elapsed time from the film standpoint which runs at 18.3 frames a second, runs for a total of 8.3 seconds.
This distance is 136.1 feet, and this can be calculated then to 11.2 miles per hour.
Mr.Specter. Is that a constant average speed or does that speed reflect any variations in the movement of the car?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is the overall average from 161 to 313. It does not mean that it was traveling constantly at 11.2, because it was more than likely going faster in some areas and slightly slower in some areas. It is only an average speed over the entire run.
Mr.Dulles. Over the entire run between what points?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Between frame 161 and 313.
Mr.Dulles. Yes; but where, could you place that on that chart, for example?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes.
Mr.Dulles. And describe the points?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. This is frame 161 which is the frame where they have just gone under the tree, to frame 313 which is the shot to the head. So that it is that distance there which is 136.1 feet.
Mr.Specter. In referring to those points, will you specify what exhibit number you are referring to there?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Thatis——
Mr.Dulles. I wonder if we could mark those points on that exhibit?
Mr.Specter. Of course, Mr. Dulles.
That is Commission Exhibit No. 883, is it not, Mr. Shaneyfelt?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes.
Mr.Specter. Will you take the first point Mr. Dulles has referred to and mark it as point X. I think we already have some letter designations in the early part of the alphabet.
Mr.McCloy. Where is that point? What significance is that point? The first point?
Mr.Specter. This frame161——
Mr.McCloy. Yes.
Mr.Specter. Is the first frame we have on the Zapruder film.
Mr.Dulles. It is only to get the speed and distance here.
Mr.McCloy. It has no relation to any shots.
Mr.Dulles. No relation to shots. Speed and distance.
Mr.Specter. It is the first frame we have where the marksman has his last clear shot of the back of the President's neck before it passes under the tree without adjustment. Is that correct, Mr. Shaneyfelt?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct. What letter designations did you want?
Mr.Specter. Mark 161, frame 161, with the letter designation X, if you will, please.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. And 313?
Mr.Specter. With the letter designation Y.
Mr.McCloy. The record ought to show the two points are the point which you merely calculated the speed at which the car is going, isn't that right?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.McCloy. Yes.
Mr.Dulles. Between those two points the car went at an average speed of 11.2 miles an hour?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct. Between point X and Y on Exhibit No. 883 the speed of the car was determined to be an average speed of 11.2 miles per hour.
Mr.Dulles. How long did the car take to go that distance, do you know, translated into time?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. 8.3 seconds.
Mr.Dulles. 8.3 seconds.
Mr.Specter. What motion pictures, if any, were taken during the reenactment?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. During the reenactment the black-and-white photographs were made from Zapruder's position with a Speedgraphic camera and we also took motion pictures with Mr. Zapruder's camera from Zapruder's position with the car in the fixed locations as they were established with the car just stationary in those locations.
After establishing all those points and making these film records of it, we then had the car proceed along that Elm Street route at approximately 11 miles per hour, and filmed it with Mr. Zapruder's camera loaded with color film from Mr. Zapruder's position and simultaneously photographed it with Mr. Nix's camera from Mr. Nix's position, and Mrs. Muchmore's camera from Mrs. Muchmore's position, and this was done twice.
(Off the record.)
Mr.Specter. The last question was about what movies and stills you took?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. We haven't discussed them all yet.
Mr.Specter. Were any other movies taken or photographs taken in addition to those which you heretofore described?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes; after positioning the car in the street at the specific locations and making the movies with the Zapruder, Nix, and Muchmore cameras with the car running at 11 miles an hour on the route, I then went to the sixth-floor window and mounted the camera on the rifle, and photographs were made with black and white film motion pictures of the car in the fixed positions from frame 161 through frame positions 313. The car was stopped at each position. The individuals and the car were positioned by Mr. Gauthier on the street using the Zapruder pictures to reposition the individuals in the car, and motion pictures were made of the car sitting in those various positions. After this the car was driven at 11 miles an hour along the route and photographs were made through the rifle scope with a 16-mm. motion picture camera following the car as a target, as the car drove down the assassination route.
Following this, there were three runs made on black and white film. Then color film was loaded in the camera and it was again photographed on color film, 16 mm. with the car traveling at 11 miles an hour and the scope of the rifle following the car as the target.
This completed all the photographs that were made at the assassination site.
Mr.Specter. Was a subsequent photograph taken in the garage which you previously identified as the railway express garage?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.Specter. Will you repeat, even though you have heretofore mentioned them, the angles between the spot on the back of President Kennedy's neck which was marked with a white chalk mark and the muzzle of the rifle when the car was positioned at frame 210?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. The angle, based on the horizontal at frame 210, to the rifle in the window was 21°34´.
Mr.Specter. What was the comparable angle at frame 225?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. 20°11´.
Mr.Specter. So what would be the average angle then between those two points?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. The average angle, allowing for the 3°9´ street grade results in an average angle between frame 210 and frame 225 of 17°43´30´´.
Mr.Specter. And that is the average angle from the muzzle to President Kennedy as he sat in the car or President Kennedy's stand-in as he sat in the car?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct. To the wound entrance.
Mr.Specter. Is the average angle of 17°43´30´´ measured from the muzzle to the President's body as the President would be seated in the car?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is out on the street in those frame positions, yes. It is measured to the point of the wound on the back of the President.
Mr.Specter. I now hand you a photograph which has been marked as Commission Exhibit No. 903 and ask you if you know who the photographer was?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes; I took this photograph.
Mr.Specter. When was that photograph taken?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. It was taken Sunday afternoon, May 24, 1964.
Mr.Specter. Is there a white string which is apparent in the background of that photograph?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
Mr.Specter. What is the angle of declination of that string?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That string was placed along the wall by the surveyor at an angle of 17°43´30´´.
Mr.Specter. Did the surveyor make that placement in your presence?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. He did.
Mr.Specter. Were the stand-ins for President Kennedy and Governor Connally positioned in the same relative positions as those occupied by President Kennedy and Governor Connally depicted in the Zapruder films?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes; these positions were approximately the position of the President and Governor Connally in the Zapruder films in the area around frame 225 as they go behind the signboard and as they emerge from the signboard.
Mr.Specter. Was the rod which is held in that photograph positioned at an angle as closely parallel to the white string as it could be positioned?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes.
Mr.Specter. And through what positions did that rod pass?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. The rod passed through a position on the back of the stand-in for the President at a point approximating that of the entrance wound, exited along about the knot of the tie or the button of the coat or button of the shirt, and the end of the rod was inserted in the entrance hole on the back of Governor Connally's coat which was being worn by the stand-in for Governor Connally.
Mr.Specter. And was Governor Connally's stand-in seated in the position where the point of exit would have been below the right nipple at the approximate point described by Governor Connally's doctors?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct.
SenatorCooper. May I ask a couple of questions?
Am I correct in assuming that you have made these determinations about the degree of the angle of the trajectory of the bullet at the time the President was struck, locating the position of the President in the car on the one hand, and the location of the rifle at the time the shots were fired?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. The location of the wound, you mean the angle of the wound?
SenatorCooper. Yes.
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Theangle——
SenatorCooper. You had to establish the position of the President at the time the bullet struck him and the position of the rifle to make a determination about the degree of the angle of the direction?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. That is correct. The positions in the car, their positions in the car, were based on the Zapruder film.
SenatorCooper. And you were able to determine what you think very accurately the position of the President in the car by the films that you have examined?
Mr.Shaneyfelt. Yes.
SenatorCooper. Then the factor then, which is not determinate, exactly, then is the location of the rifle, is that correct?