And I think one of the ladies said "Why," and I remember through third hand a report reached me, "I always wanted to have a room of my own."
Mr.Liebeler. Do you remember who told you that?
Mr.Bouhe. Mrs. Anna Meller.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you get the impression that Marina married Oswald just to get out of the Soviet Union?
Mr.Bouhe. I cannot say that that was the only reason.
Mr.Liebeler. Do you think it was one of the reasons?
Mr.Bouhe. Oh, yes.
Mr.Liebeler. Did she tell you that?
Mr.Bouhe. She was saying Marina wanted to come to America.
Mr.Liebeler. And you gathered the impression that that was one of the reasons why Marina married Oswald?
Mr.Bouhe. Only after.
Mr.Liebeler. Well, did you gain an impression as to whether Marina wanted to marry Oswald, that that was one of the reasons why she married Oswald?
Mr.Bouhe. That is my impression. My impression. But I wasn't there.
Mr.Liebeler. You don't remember anyone telling you that that was one of the reasons? That is to say, neither Marina or Oswald told you?
Mr.Bouhe. Certainly not Oswald. But just a minute, much as I'd like to say, I do not recall a direct statement to that effect, but Marina liked to look at magazines, she said, and Cadillacs and iceboxes and this and that, and from what I understood her talk, she was just itching to get in on that. Now that is my impression, and God strike me if I say something wrong about her, but that is my impression.
Mr.Liebeler. Did Oswald tell you that he traveled inside the Soviet Union while he was there?
Mr.Bouhe. I do not recall any mention or conversation.
Mr.Liebeler. Did he ever tell you that he had gone to Moscow on two or three different occasions from Minsk?
Mr.Bouhe. Well, I don't know what the occasions were or the number of them, but he certainly must have gone to apply at the American Embassy in Moscow at some period of time to return.
Mr.Liebeler. But he didn't tell you that, as far as you can recall?
Mr.Bouhe. I do not recall.
Mr.Liebeler. Did Oswald mention that he had received any training while he was in the Soviet Union? That he had gone to school or received any special train from the Soviet Government of any kind?
Mr.Bouhe. I do not recall anything, any statement by him on that subject.
Mr.Liebeler. Did he tell you that he had been in the hospital while he was in the Soviet Union?
Mr.Bouhe. No.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you speak to Oswald in the Russian language from time to time?
Mr.Bouhe. Yes; I did.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you form an impression as to his command of that language?
Mr.Bouhe. Yes.
Mr.Liebeler. What was that impression?
Mr.Bouhe. A very strange assortment of words. Grammatically not perfect, but an apparent ease to express himself in that language.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you know when you knew Oswald how long he had been in the Soviet Union, approximately?
Mr.Bouhe. That I knew from a clipping which I have at home, from the Fort Worth newspaper, yes, which first brought the name of Oswald before my eyes sometime in June 1962. And that story said the Fort Worth boy returns after so many years, and so on.
Mr.Liebeler. Did Oswald's command of the Russian language seem to be about what you would expect from him, having been in Russia for that period of time? Would you say it was good?
Mr.Bouhe. I would say very good.
Mr.Liebeler. You think he had a good command of the language, considering the amount of time he had spent in Russia?
Mr.Bouhe. Sir, for everyday conversations, yes. But I think that if I would have asked him to write, I would think he would have difficulty.
Mr.Liebeler. When did you get the impression that he received any special training in the Russian language while he was in the Soviet Union?
Mr.Bouhe. Never heard of it.
Mr.Liebeler. You did not get that impression?
Mr.Bouhe. I did not get it, but back in the old country, in the good old days in St. Petersburg, which was cosmopolitan, everybody spoke French—well, some from in school and some from governesses and some from trips to Paris, and that is supposed to be the best way to learn the language, so I would say from my estimate of the caliber of his language is that he picked it up by ear from Marina, other girls, or from factory workers.
Mr.Liebeler. You also conversed with Marina in Russian, did you not?
Mr.Bouhe. Oh, yes; she is very good, I must say, to my great amazement.
Mr.Liebeler. Much better than Oswald? Was Marina's command of the Russian language better than what you would have expected, based on her education?
Mr.Bouhe. Yes.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you ever ask her how she came to have such a good command of the language?
Mr.Bouhe. Well, I did not ask her in the form of a question. I complimented her, because most of the displaced persons whom we met here who went through wars and mixtures and Germany and French speak a very, very broken unpolished Russian, which I tried to perfect.
And I complimented her on that. You are speaking in amazingly grammatical—maybe I said, I don't know—correct language.
And she said, "My grandmother who raised me—I don't know what period—she was an educated woman. She went to—and she gave me a school for noble girls." Something like, I don't know—are you a Dallas man—perhaps Bryn Mawr.
Mr.Liebeler. Some prominent school?
Mr.Bouhe. Yes. The grandmother was a graduate, and she gave me the name, which is a top school. And when you come out of that school as a young girl, you are polished—Smolny Institute for Noble Girls.
And also, Marina said, that the contact with her grandmother influenced her a little bit on the study of religion. And whether she believes or does not, I do not know, but she was not an agnostic, in her words. What is in her soul, I don't know.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you form an impression as to the girl's character of Marina Oswald throughout the time that you knew her?
Mr.Bouhe. Yes; I did.
Mr.Liebeler. What do you think of her general character? Tell us about that.
Let me ask you to confine your answer first, Mr. Bouhe, to the judgments about Marina that you had formed prior to the time of the assassination, and then I will ask you if you changed those judgments or amplified them after the event of the assassination.
But first of all, tell us your general impression of Marina Oswald as you thought of her prior to November 22, 1963.
Mr.Bouhe. All right, and essentially what I will say is prior to about December 28, 1962, because I have not met any of them since.
It seemed to me that she was a lost soul, as I understood without investigating the girl, no papa, no mama, no home, I don't know who they were, brought up by probably an old grandmother, born perhaps at the time of the greatest holocaust that existed there from 1941, 1942, and 1943, when Leningrad was surrounded by Germans and there was a great deal of privation, hunger, and, I heard, even cannibalism.
Maybe she was thinking that this is an awful place and she would have to do whatever she could to get out.
Maybe she was partly influenced by her grandmother who, I would say, is of the old school, but I don't know.
And I think she must have been looking for that opportunity which presented itself in Minsk.
So I think she is a very thinking person, but what her ultimate goal was or is, I cannot guess even now.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you tell the FBI that you thought Marina was a product of the Soviet machine and that all initiative had been removed from her?
Mr.Bouhe. I certainly don't remember if I said that, those specific words, but that is what I believe. If you are educated by the Soviet regime, in their schools, I think you don't think anything of your own, which is substantially what I said, isn't it, or is it not?
Mr.Liebeler. Yes; she had had all initiative removed from her.
Mr.Bouhe. Except a romantic initiative to get a man and do something about it.
Mr.Liebeler. Now, did you change your opinion or did you expand your opinion of Marina Oswald upon reflection after the assassination occurred?
Mr.Bouhe. I could only add that I probably think her a person of exceedingly strong character to go through that very sad set of events without going berserk. She has a character. Now whether it is directed in the right thing or not, I don't know. I want to say, I think she is good material to become a useful citizen, but to figure out a woman, I do not volunteer as an expert.
Mr.Liebeler. During the period in October and November of 1962, when, as I recall it, Marina and Lee Oswald were having a certain amount of marital trouble or difficulties, did you say that you gained Marina's confidence about those matters?
Mr.Bouhe. Not I.
Mr.Liebeler. She didn't tell you about her marital difficulties with Oswald?
Mr.Bouhe. No; she talked to other people who told me.
Mr.Liebeler. Who were these other women?
Mr.Bouhe. Well, certainly to Anna Meller.
Mr.Liebeler. Mrs. Ford?
Mr.Bouhe. Mrs. Ford, undoubtedly.
Mr.Liebeler. Do you think she confided in Anna Ray to any extent?
Mr.Bouhe. Could have, although I was not present, but they had long sessions together, just girls.
Mr.Liebeler. You spoke about these parties with Mrs. Ford and Anna Meller and Anna Ray.
Mr.Bouhe. Well, the only time I have been bringing that up is when I saw or heard that she had a black eye.
Mr.Liebeler. When did you see that?
Mr.Bouhe. I would say within the first 2 weeks of September. One Saturday several of us arrived at their house.
Mr.Liebeler. At Oswald's house?
Mr.Bouhe. Yes.
Mr.Liebeler. Where was that house located at that time?
Mr.Bouhe. On Mercedes Street.
Mr.Liebeler. In Fort Worth?
Mr.Bouhe. Yes; and she had a black eye. And not thinking about anything unfortunate, I said: "Well, did you run into a bathroom door?" Marina said, "Oh, no, he hit me."
Mr.Liebeler. Was Oswald there at that time?
Mr.Bouhe. No.
Mr.Liebeler. Did Marina tell you the details of her argument with Oswald?
Mr.Bouhe. No; maybe the dinner wasn't ready or this wasn't or something.
Mr.Liebeler. She didn't tell you the details though at that time?
Mr.Bouhe. No.
Mr.Liebeler. You said that you noticed another black eye. Did you see Marina with bruises on her at a time prior to this time in September?
Mr.Bouhe. Yes.
Mr.Liebeler. When was that? Did she appear bruised at Mr. Gregory's party?
Mr.Bouhe. Oh, no; that was when she ran away from Oswald, probably in the middle of November, already in Oak Cliff here in Dallas. She called at 11 o'clock at night Mrs. Anna Meller from a gasoline station and said, "He is beating me up and here I am with the baby and no diaper and no nothing, and so on, what can I do?"
Well, if you talk to Mrs. Anna Meller, you will see that she is a plain, very attractive woman with a big heart, and what could she say but "come over."
Mr.Liebeler. Mrs. Meller told Marina to come over to her house?
Mr.Bouhe. Right. That was 11 o'clock at night.
Mr.Liebeler. Marina went to Mrs. Meller's and stayed there about a week?
Mr.Bouhe. About a week.
Mr.Liebeler. And subsequently she went to Mrs. Ford's house?
Mr.Bouhe. Yes.
Mr.Liebeler. And you took her there to Mrs. Ford?
Mr.Bouhe. I did take her, with the baby and the playpen, and Mrs. Anna Meller drove over with us to Mrs. Katya Ford's, I think, on a Saturday or Sunday, because Mrs. Ford volunteered that since the Meller's had a very small apartment, to take Marina for a week because her husband, Declan P. Ford, was attending the American Association of Petroleum Geologists Convention in Houston for the whole week and she could bring her over for a week.
Mr.Liebeler. That was in November of 1962?
Mr.Bouhe. I would say October, but I would not swear. Do you know it is November?
Mr.Liebeler. Yes, it was November 11 to 18, 1962, according to Mrs. Ford.
Mr.Bouhe. Well then, it was, if Mrs. Ford said so, and the only double check I can make is to check, when was the American Association of Petroleum Geologists Convention in Houston.
Mr.Liebeler. I don't know, but that is a matter that Mrs. Ford can testify. Your recollection was, it would have been in October, is that correct?
Mr.Bouhe. Yes; because they moved from—she is probably right.
Mr.Liebeler. Let's go into that just a little bit. When, according to your recollection, did Oswald move from Fort Worth to Dallas?
Mr.Bouhe. All right; I would say on or about—that is Oswald—October 7, 1962.
Mr.Liebeler. Did Oswald talk to you at that time?
Mr.Bouhe. Oh, yes.
Mr.Liebeler. What did he say? What were the circumstances of that conversation?
Mr.Bouhe. Well, we were at their house at the end of September or first days of October. Maybe it was—in other words, a few of us were at the house of Oswald on an afternoon. I presume it must have been a Saturday.
Mr.Liebeler. Who was there, Mr. Bouhe?
Mr.Bouhe. It was probably Mrs. Anna Meller, myself, possibly Mrs. Hall in fact I know—Mrs. Elena Hall of Fort Worth, because I remember distinctly that Lee Oswald came home and said his job had ended, wherever he was working at in Fort Worth, and no prospects for another job existed.
The rent was already a few days past due and they had to do something.
Mr.Liebeler. Did Oswald tell you he had been fired from his job in Fort Worth?
Mr.Bouhe. No. He said it was a temporary job anyway. That he did say. Firing, I never heard. So at that time Mrs. Hall—that Russian lady—said, "My husband is away. Marina, you move over to my house with the kid, and he goes to Dallas to look for a job."
For some reason, I would say it must have been around October 6 or 7. That would be my guess.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you help Oswald find a job in Dallas?
Mr.Bouhe. I was a little bit already cautious because his conversation with me was always very abrupt and he never looked me in the eye. And to me, this is a criterion that we don't see eye to eye, I guess. And I said, the only way to start here is go to the Texas Employment Commission, which he did.
Mr.Liebeler. Did he tell you that he had been there?
Mr.Bouhe. Yes; he did.
Mr.Liebeler. Do you have any other way of knowing that he was there?
Mr.Bouhe. I think we asked a lady we knew there—not I, because I didn't know her well enough—to help him if she could to get him a job.
Mr.Liebeler. Who asked her?
Mr.Bouhe. Mr. Teofil Meller.
Mr.Liebeler. Do you remember the lady's name?
Mr.Bouhe. Mrs. Cunningham.
Mr.Liebeler. Did Mr. Meller tell you that he had talked to Mrs. Cunningham?
Mr.Bouhe. Yes; he did.
Mr.Liebeler. What did he tell you?
Mr.Bouhe. He told Mrs. Cunningham—he is a Ph. D., a very kind man—he said he didn't know the man from Adam, but he has a wife and a little baby, and if he can get a job it would help the family to get on their feet.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you learn that Oswald subsequently did obtain a job in Dallas?
Mr.Bouhe. Yes, I did. And as a person who at that time suspected nothing except that I had a desire if I could, to put him on his feet economically so he could support his wife and child—I said, now those were my words, "Lee, you've now got a job, a lithographic job at a $1.45 an hour as an apprentice. If you apply yourself"—those were my very words—"in a couple years you'll have a skill that can be saleable any place."
And he said, "You think so." And he didn't even say thank you.
Then I added, "Well, I would like to hear how you get along," which is a standard statement I would ask anybody.
And for 2 or 3—or possibly 5 days thereafter he would call me at 6 o'clock, I guess when he finished his work, and say, "I am doing fine. Bye."
Mr.Liebeler. That would be the extent of his conversation with you on the telephone?
Mr.Bouhe. Yes.
Mr.Liebeler. He didn't tell you anything of the details of his work?
Mr.Bouhe. I did not ask.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you knowwhere——
Mr.Bouhe. Wait a second, maybe I did ask and, well, he said it was some photographic process in the lithographic business, but I don't know what that means.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you know where Oswald lived when he moved to Dallas?
Mr.Bouhe. Yes, sir.
Mr.Liebeler. Where?
Mr.Bouhe. YMCA on Ervay Street.
Mr.Liebeler. Do you know how long he lived there?
Mr.Bouhe. I certainly would be willing to bet that he lived there from about October the 7th or 8th, I am sorry, about October 8, which is a Monday, until about October 18. But that latter figure I do not know myself except from an FBI agent who told me he checked out on the 18th, but that I do know.
Mr.Liebeler. Do you know where he moved when he checked out of the YMCA?
Mr.Bouhe. At some point thereabouts he threw at me when I asked, "Where do you live now?" He gave me, if I recall correctly, a name of the Carlton boarding house on Madison Avenue, but it proved to be wrong.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you tell the FBI that he told you he lived at the Carlton boarding house?
Mr.Bouhe. Yes.
Mr.Liebeler. The FBI checked it out and told you subsequently that he had not lived there?
Mr.Bouhe. That's correct. The FBI men went there, and it developed that Oswald told me a lie to send me on a wild goose chase, but the name strikes me somehow; and FBI rechecked this place and said it was a bum steer.
Mr.Liebeler. As far as you know, the next place that Oswald lived after he moved out of the YMCA was in the Oak Cliff section of Dallas?
Mr.Bouhe. Madison is around the corner from somewhere he ultimately lived.
Mr.Liebeler. He ultimately lived at 604 Elsbeth?
Mr.Bouhe. And on my card I have a date of November the 2d, 1962, that he found this apartment and moved there, but that I heard from others because by that time I lost all communication with them; didn't talk to him; didn't ask him anything, and he didn't call me.
Mr.Liebeler. That would have been in November 1962, would it not, Mr. Bouhe, that he moved to the apartment you are speaking of?
Mr.Bouhe. Yes; and I would say that is pretty good because I think the FBI agent told me they proved that, or something.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you ever visit the Oswald apartment at Elsbeth Street?
Mr.Bouhe. I never did.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you ever visit their apartment at No. 215 Neely Street?
Mr.Bouhe. Never even knew where it was. Never did.
Mr.Liebeler. At any time after November 1 and prior to December 28, 1962, did you see or talk to Oswald? December 28 is the date of the Ford party.
Mr.Bouhe. Yes.
Mr.Liebeler. From November 1 to December 28?
Mr.Bouhe. I would say that by some unanticipated chance I might have run into him and her or both at the De Mohrenschildt's, but I wouldn't swear. Let me add that certainly no communication was maintained on my part.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you see Marina during that period of time, however?
Mr.Bouhe. Once or twice.
Mr.Liebeler. You have already testified that you moved her from Anna Meller's to the Ford's house, and that would have been in November of 1962, would it not?
Mr.Bouhe. Oh, yes; that is right. That is right.
Then maybe I said something that I shouldn't have said. In November I told they moved to Elsbeth. Then a week later she ran to Anna Meller.
Mr.Liebeler. You previously testified that you thought that Marina had lived with the Ford's during October, but now it is a fact, is it not, that when Marina moved to the Fords and when she moved to stay with Anna Meller, she moved from the apartment in Oak Cliff, did she not?
Mr.Bouhe. Yes.
Mr.Liebeler. It must have been November because your recollection is she didn't move to the Oak Cliff area until November, is that right?
Mr.Bouhe. Yes. That is a slip of the tongue.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you see Marina during the month of November 1962?
Mr.Bouhe. I don't remember seeing her during that period of time except in moving her from Mellers to Fords. If I ran into him or her once at the De Mohrenschildt's, that is the maximum.
Mr.Liebeler. You didn't see him at anytime when you saw Marina when she was moving from the Mellers to the Fords?
Mr.Bouhe. Oh, no.
Mr.Liebeler. He wasn't around at that time?
Mr.Bouhe. No, sir.
Mr.Liebeler. A few minutes ago I asked you about your judgment of Marina Oswald's character and we had an off-the-record discussion. Would you repeat for us that discussion, the statement you made off the record at that time, and recapitulate for us your thoughts on Marina Oswald.
Mr.Bouhe. I think she is a well brought up girl. By that I mean, from my calculation, that she had received a good care from some old person of the old regime. Religious, well mannered, and such.
She liked glitter, fun, maybe, just like any young pretty girl of that age would, probably, but I think she was also a driver and ambitious about it. Even by looking at her, I would say that in the small size you would not think she would.
And it seems to me that she followed that line by meeting Oswald, coaxing him to come to America, and so as, she told me herself, she could write a postal card to her old girl friends "watch me sail to America."
Mr.Liebeler. You mentioned in your off-the-record discussion that you had thought to yourself isn't it possible that Marina is a great actress.
Mr.Bouhe. There again she acts so natural that I was disarmed. But at this stage of the game, maybe I was a fool.
Mr.Liebeler. Why do you say that, Mr. Bouhe?
Mr.Bouhe. Maybe she is a superagent of some organization.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you have any reason to think that prior to the time of the assassination?
Mr.Bouhe. Certainly not. Never entered into my head.
Mr.Liebeler. But it has entered into your head since the assassination, is that correct?
Mr.Bouhe. Well, after that, you think of anything.
Mr.Liebeler. But there was nothing about Marina's behavior as you observed it prior to the assassination that led you to think that?
Mr.Bouhe. Positively nothing. But we did in the Russian colony have conversations. We were repeatedly amazed at the ease with which Marina left the U.S.S.R., which we, who know the setup on the other side, is almost incredible.
American, British, and other diplomats married Russian girls and it took them years to get their wives out. And at one moment I did ask, I think, both of them.
Mr.Liebeler. Asked who?
Mr.Bouhe. Both of them Lee and Marina. "Well, it is certainly unusual that they let you out. How did you do it?"
It was a completely innocent question at that time.
"Well, we just went to the right office."
And they in the office said, "All right, take it away," or something to that effect in Russian.
Mr.Liebeler. Now did you have any discussions with other friends of yours here in Dallas as to whether or not Oswald was possibly an agent of the U.S.S.R.? And I want you to confine your answer to the time prior to the assassination.
Mr.Bouhe. The majority of our Russian background colony having suffered very much under the Soviet and Hitler rule, even after 10 and 12 or more years of good peace and comparative prosperity in this country, are still constantly on the suspicion of anything that comes from Russia.
Many of them shook heads, saying, well, I don't know, maybe he is a Soviet spy. At least I came to a conclusion, right or wrong, that the man came tothe American Embassy in Moscow asking for the permit to return to his native land. It took 2 years of something to process that application. To me, these 2 years meant that probably it is not only paperwork between the Moscow Embassy and Russia, but probably some investigation.
Therefore, I felt that whatever investigating agency of the United States, whether it is Secret Service, CIA, or anybody else concerned with repatriation with such a suspicious character, took their good little time of 2 years to process his return back to the United States. That processed his right to bring his wife and also gave them 400 some odd dollars to come here because they didn't have any money.
At this point I want to state that when Mr. Gregory invited me to dinner the first time, I checked with Mr. Max Clark as an attorney friend to the effect that is this a sort of a cloudy deal, and I am sticking my neck out in my meeting the person? And after a couple of days, I don't remember exactly Mr. Clark's answer, but there were words to the effect that since he was processed through the proper channels, apparently there is nothing wrong, but you have to be careful. I think these were the words. Then I accepted the invitation for dinner.
Mr.Liebeler. Now did other members of the Russian colony express to you the thought that Oswald might have been a Russian agent?
Mr.Bouhe. I would say, based on pure emotions and bred-in suspicions, yes.
Mr.Liebeler. Can you tell me who expressed those thoughts to you?
Mr.Bouhe. Well, I don't know who said that, but I really don't remember who said that, because there was so much talk. But probably it was mentioned.
Mr.Liebeler. You don't remember specifically who mentioned it?
Mr.Bouhe. I wish I knew, and if I think, I will tell you, but I don't. And I am not hiding anything.
Mr.Liebeler. You attended a party at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Declan P. Ford on December 28, 1962, did you not? And Mr. and Mrs. Oswald were there, were they not?
Mr.Bouhe. Right; uninvited.
Mr.Liebeler. De Mohrenschildt was there, was he not, and his wife?
Mr.Bouhe. Right.
Mr.Liebeler. Was there any discussion at that party on the question of whether or not Oswald was or could be a Russian agent?
Mr.Bouhe. That party is very vivid in my memory. All of a sudden toward late in the evening appeared George De Mohrenschildt and his wife, accompanied by Oswald and Marina. I could almost hear a gasp among some of the people who were around me. I can almost for certain say that during that evening until the De Mohrenschildt's took him back home, if I got a human hello from Oswald, that was the extent of my conversation, and I exchanged maybe half a dozen words with Marina who said, "Nice to see you again." I would say that would be the extent of that conversation.
At that party we were especially astounded that after having a couple of drinks and without seeing Oswald talk extensively to anybody except maybe circulate from one to another, he spotted a Japanese girl. And if I recall correctly, any time I would look any place, he was with her.
Marina circulated a little bit, ate very heartily, and everybody, so to speak, commented that such a little girl had so many helpings, apparently she didn't have very many good things to eat before.
Then toward midnight there was a little singing with a guitar, you know, Russians like to sing, piano and guitar, three or four voices. Oswald, I remember, looked from the doorway, did not come. Marina came finally feeling better, came and stood around for a moment or two. "Nice it is here," she said, and that was the end.
Mr.Liebeler. After the Oswalds left, did any of the people at the party discuss the question of whether or not Oswald might have been an agent of the U.S.S.R.?
Mr.Bouhe. No, sir; but I do know that one or two men with whom Oswald spoke, or at least one man, got up in a hurry, and I heard him say clearly, "My God, what an idiot that is."
Mr.Liebeler. Who was that man?
Mr.Bouhe. Lev Aronson, chief first cello, Dallas Symphony Orchestra.
Mr.Liebeler. Did Mr. Aronson speak to Oswald? Is that why he thought Oswald was an idiot?
Mr.Bouhe. I am not a buddy-buddy of his.
Mr.Liebeler. And you didn't hear why Aronson thought Oswald was an idiot?
Mr.Bouhe. No.
Mr.Liebeler. After the party at the Fords, there was a get-together at the Mellers residence sometime before that weekend. Were you present at that party?
Mr.Bouhe. Not with Oswald.
Mr.Liebeler. I didn't say Oswald was there. But there was a group of people who got together at the Mellers either the next day or the day after?
Mr.Bouhe. I do not recall that. But they are my close friends of a long time and I am almost sure I must have been there.
Mr.Liebeler. Do you remember any discussion at that party about the question of whether or not Oswald might be a Russian agent?
Mr.Bouhe. No.
Mr.Liebeler. There was also an open-house at your own apartment during that period of time, was there not?
Mr.Bouhe. I think there were occasional parties. No discussions about Oswald being a Russian agent.
Mr.Liebeler. At any time during the period December 28 for the next few days?
Mr.Bouhe. To the best of my recollection, as far as I am concerned, well, whether others talked, I don't know.
Mr.Liebeler. But you didn't hear anybody talking about it?
Mr.Bouhe. Not to my hearing.
Mr.Liebeler. Do you remember saying that Oswald was essentially a mental case?
Mr.Bouhe. Well, in the words of Mr. Aronson, I would say that mental case, that means he is crazy. That is what I meant.
Mr.Liebeler. Do you remember using those words at any time during the period December 28 and the few days following that day?
Mr.Bouhe. That I do not remember, but there is a good Russian word when you act crazy, we say, "My God, you are crazy." But that I do not remember.
Mr.Liebeler. Do you remember suggesting to Oswald that he attend some school and study to attempt to improve his ability?
Mr.Bouhe. Right.
Mr.Liebeler. When was that?
Mr.Bouhe. That was most probably the first week of October when he moved here, October 1962.
Mr.Liebeler. Do you remember what he said to you in response?
Mr.Bouhe. Yes. "What kind of school do they have?"
And I said, "Crozier Evening Technical School, which is a Dallas Board of Education deal, has 50 subjects for grown-ups to improve their skill, whether it is academic things, languages, or whether you want to make lampshades."
Mr.Liebeler. Do you know whether Oswald ever went to Crozier Tech?
Mr.Bouhe. I do not. He did not tell me anything, but a Secret Service agent from Los Angeles called me and asked what school could he have gone to, and I said we have only one.
Mr.Liebeler. That was Crozier Tech?
Mr.Bouhe. That is called Dallas Evening Public School.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you ever see any periodicals or similar literature or magazines that Oswald subscribed to in his apartment?
Mr.Bouhe. American or Russian?
Mr.Liebeler. Of any nature.
Mr.Bouhe. Certainly I saw a lot of Russian magazines, but whether or not he subscribed or bought occasionally or somebody sent them, I do not know.
Mr.Liebeler. Do you remember the names of any of them? Let me ask you was "Agitator" one of them?
Mr.Bouhe. Never saw.
Mr.Liebeler. How about "Crocodile"?
Mr.Bouhe. Unfortunately; yes, sir.
Mr.Liebeler. Do you remember the name of any others?
Mr.Bouhe. Yes; I think it is called "O-g-o-n-e-k." Means, "little fire."
Mr.Liebeler. Do you remember any other Russian periodicals that you saw in Oswald's possession?
Mr.Bouhe. Something about the sports, because you always could see a Russian magazine open there with pictures on life in the Soviet Union.
Mr.Liebeler. Do you know whether he subscribed or regularly read a periodical called "The Worker"?
Mr.Bouhe. Never saw a copy in the house.
Mr.Liebeler. How about "The Militant"?
Mr.Bouhe. Never saw any such article, magazine.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you ever have occasion to notice any books on political subjects in Oswald's home?
Mr.Bouhe. Oh, yes.
Mr.Liebeler. Tell us about that.
Mr.Bouhe. Oswald had a little table in his apartment on Mercedes Street in Fort Worth. I cannot remember the exact names, but certainly Karl Marx, Lenin and his works, and similar things which I do not remember. And I positively, being aghast at such an assortment, flipped over the first two-three pages, and I think in two out of three I saw the stamp of the Fort Worth Public Library.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you ever discuss with Oswald the fact that these books were in his apartment?
Mr.Bouhe. No.
Mr.Liebeler. Did he ever say anything to you about them?
Mr.Bouhe. No.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you ever discuss politics with Oswald?
Mr.Bouhe. American politics?
Mr.Liebeler. Yes; politics of any kind, or economics? That is, his attitude toward the U.S. Government and toward the Russian government?
Mr.Bouhe. After the first or second visit I saw he was a mixed-up man. I did not touch any of these subjects.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you discuss them with him during the first two or three times that you saw him?
Mr.Bouhe. The only thing I discussed the first two or three times I saw him was pure consumer economics for a person living in the Soviet Union, meaning how much are the shoes and how much is Kleenex and things like that.
Mr.Liebeler. You didn't discuss subjects like the social system or the economic system of the U.S.S.R.?
Mr.Bouhe. I knew he was stuck on it and knew I wasn't.
Mr.Liebeler. And how did you know he was stuck on it?
Mr.Bouhe. He was always smirking and occasionally dropping remarks, "Well, with us in the Soviet Union," meaning some preference, whether it is free rent or free medical care.
For instance, he said, "Marina had a bad tooth, so we went to some place in Moscow waiting for the visa, and they took the tooth out but they didn't put another one in." He said, "We didn't have time." Whether that is right or wrong, I don't know.
Mr.Liebeler. Did Oswald ever indicate that he wanted to return to Russia?
Mr.Bouhe. Not during the time I knew him; positively not.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you ever ask him in words or substance if he thought Russia was so good, why didn't he go back?
Mr.Bouhe. No; I didn't, because I think he began to hate me very early.
Mr.Liebeler. Why do you say that, Mr. Bouhe?
Mr.Bouhe. I had made well in the United States by sheer work. I have enough to live nicely and help others if I wish.
The sense of charity is very deep in me. Marina and the child, the latter sleeping on the floor, attracted me very much. As I repeated to the FBI and Secret Service many times, while they were not relatives of mine, I still felt that if I enjoy a good automobile and a good meal and if I know around thecorner somebody's kid is sleeping on the floor, I will not digest that dinner so very good.
So being endowed with what I thought was boundless energy, when I saw the situation, I thought I would make an effort the first time to put them on their feet. I always thought that communism breeds among the down and out and the dissatisfied people. I certainly felt badly that there were no groceries in their icebox and the kid was sleeping on the floor and all that.
I thought that by, so to speak, putting a little meat on his bones, lift the kid into bed, buy a little clothes for the kid, meanwhile assembling from all of the ladies some clothes for Marina, who was in rags, I thought I will make him less bitter which he was, and he will see, as I told him, that it can be done here if you apply yourself. And I added to him, "Lee, I am exceedingly uneasy from being a foreigner by birth, telling you, a native-born American, that you can lift yourself by your own boot strap here and live a decent life because the opportunities are here if you just only take advantage of them."
Well, his handicap was, he never had any skill. That is true. Marines, no skill. Sheet-metal work, I don't know if that was true in Russia. He didn't know anything. I understood from other people that when he went to the Texas Employment Commission in Fort Worth to ask for a job and they said what can you do—nothing. Where did you work last—Minsk. Let's call it off. He couldn't progress. He couldn't get any place. So this is maybe facetious on my part and I admit it, but my policy in this thing was substantially the policy of the U.S. Government as I see it.
When we see that the Cambodians are leaning towards communism because they are barefooted, we'll rush in with all kinds of food, groceries, and rehabilitation equipment to see if they can get on their feet. I did exactly that, as I saw it.
Mr.Liebeler. Did Oswald seem to appreciate your efforts?
Mr.Bouhe. No; he passed a remark shortly after the second or third visit to their house when the ladies and I brought the clothes to Marina and such—I even brought two shirts for him—not new, used, and that is where I saw him for the first time trying to show his displeasure over me.
He measured and he remeasured the shirts so many times, and those were not new shirts. Finally I said, "Lee, this is to go-to-work. Wear them 3 or 4 days, get them dirty, then throw them away." So finally he folded it up and gave it back to me. "I don't need any."
Then I understand he objected that myself and a couple of others brought groceries to the kid and something for them when the icebox was empty. I took him and Marina once to a supermarket, partly for the groceries and partly for an educational purpose to explain that this is Ajax and this is Kleenex and this is the economy size, and this is junior size, and how much per ounce, just to open her eyes.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you buy groceries for the Oswalds at any time?
Mr.Bouhe. Once.
Mr.Liebeler. Do you remember how much?
Mr.Bouhe. Ten dollars.
Mr.Liebeler. Could you tell us approximately how much you spent on the Oswalds?
Mr.Bouhe. $75. You can make a list, if you wish, because I want to tell you.
Mr.Liebeler. Go ahead.
Mr.Bouhe. Probably groceries, $10. I gave him a $5 bill for the bus fare from Fort Worth to Dallas on some subsequent Sunday.
I did not know the exact amount of the fare. And when he arrived here and I met him I said, "Was that enough?" He said, "Oh, yes." But he didn't give me any change. I remember that.
Then I bought at Montgomery Ward a playpen for about $11 for the kid. I bought a pair of moccasins for Marina, in the presence of another lady, at Montgomery Wards for $5, and since she was without stockings, we had to run and get a pair of stockings because they wouldn't let her measure moccasins without stockings.
I also gave De Mohrenschildt $20 and I got back $3 or $4 for them to take Marina to the Baylor School of Dentistry right here in Dallas where students of the senior class practice on people who cannot afford to go to the regular dentist.
And since De Mohrenschildt had a lot of time and his wife had a lot of time, they were taking Marina there probably two or three times. And I think De Mohrenschildt gave me a couple of dollars back.
Mr.Liebeler. Do you remember if De Mohrenschildt spent any money on Oswald?
Mr.Bouhe. I have no idea.
Mr.Liebeler. What about any others, as far as you know?
Mr.Bouhe. In cash, I do not recall anybody, but in groceries, in clothes, used, not new, yes.
Mr.Liebeler. Who else gave such things to the Oswalds?
Mr.Bouhe. Through me, I collected—Mrs. Meller gave, I am sure Mrs. Ford gave, I can't remember now; possibly Mrs. Hall. Those were used clothes.
Mr.Liebeler. This all took place prior to the time Oswald moved to Dallas, did it?
Mr.Bouhe. The clothing and grocery contributions, yes, and the dentist, no.
Mr.Liebeler. You say the dental work was done after Oswald moved to Dallas?
Mr.Bouhe. After, because she was living then with Mrs. Hall in Fort Worth 3 weeks. That means the period somewhere between October 8th.
Mr.Liebeler. Until November 2d?
Mr.Bouhe. That sounds right to me. And during that period she came, I'd say, once or twice or maybe three times. She had a lot of teeth rotted to the roots, and feeding the baby, we thought it was very bad, and here those student guys just love to pull.
Mr.Liebeler. Did these groceries that you speak of other people giving the Oswalds, was that in addition to the groceries you purchased for them?
Mr.Bouhe. Probably if we go there, somebody will bring something, I don't remember. No regular contributions of groceries, no.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you pay Oswald's rent at the YMCA when he stayed there in October?
Mr.Bouhe. No.
Mr.Liebeler. Can you think of any other financial contribution that might have been made to the Oswalds during this period?
Mr.Bouhe. Well, let's say $20. I would say that is all, $75, more or less.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you ever discuss with Oswald his service in the Marine Corps?
Mr.Bouhe. Yes.
Mr.Liebeler. What did he tell you about that?
Mr.Bouhe. When he was applying for a job, we picked up some kind of application blanks some place and you have to say about your military service. And where it says, "Discharged." I'd ask, "How?" And he would say: "Put down honorable."
Mr.Liebeler. That was the entire extent of your discussion?
Mr.Bouhe. Right. He would freeze up like a clam.
Mr.Liebeler. Did Oswald ever discuss anything about Cuba with you?
Mr.Bouhe. Never heard.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you ever see any literature concerning Cuba in his possession?
Mr.Bouhe. Do not recall having seen anything.
Mr.Liebeler. Did either Oswald or Marina ever tell you whether or not Oswald was personally liked while he was in the Soviet Union? Did he get along with the Russian people?
Mr.Bouhe. This is talking about the lady, so I want to be careful. Marina said: "When I saw him, I was so sorry for him. Nobody liked him. I was so sorry for him I must make him comfortable here, or something like that."
Mr.Liebeler. That is what Marina said?
Mr.Bouhe. Yes.
Mr.Liebeler. That was her reaction to him when she met him in Russia?
Mr.Bouhe. I remember that.
Mr.Liebeler. Do you remember anything else about that?
Mr.Bouhe. He said he went duck shooting with the boys. But whether they spoke during shooting, or just were shooting, I don't know. He was not a very talkative person.
Mr.Liebeler. You have the impression that as a general manner he was not a popular person when he was in Russia?
Mr.Bouhe. It was my impression for more than one reason. He had a mind of his own, and I think it was a diseased one. I could not imagine with whom he would be friendly. I could not.
Mr.Liebeler. Why do you say you thought he had a diseased mind?
Mr.Bouhe. He changed so much, from an American, to Russia, and back.
Mr.Liebeler. He never seemed to be satisfied with anything?
Mr.Bouhe. Precisely. Besides, not satisfied with any place. That is the point.
Mr.Liebeler. Now did Oswald ever express any resentment of the U.S. Government for delaying his return to the United States?
Mr.Bouhe. In a casual remark, yes.
Mr.Liebeler. What did he say?
Mr.Bouhe. Well, "Damn it, I don't know why it took them so long to get on the horse."
Mr.Liebeler. The United States?
Mr.Bouhe. "Damn them, I don't know why it took them so long."
Mr.Liebeler. That is all he said?
Mr.Bouhe. All I can remember.
Mr.Liebeler. Did he ever express any hostilities toward any individual in the Government?
Mr.Bouhe. Never heard. And I must emphasize again that to talk politics with a man like that, I would find totally hopeless and useless. I never did it. But if anybody asked me, did he have any hostility against anybody in the Government, which I didn't hear myself, I would say Governor Connally.
Mr.Liebeler. Why do you say that?
Mr.Bouhe. Because, where, I can't find the paper, but when he was in Minsk, he wrote a letter. I have it some place, but I don't know where, in the paper here.
Mr.Liebeler. Let me ask you this, Mr. Bouhe. Did Oswald tell you that he wrote a letter to Governor Connally?
Mr.Bouhe. No, sir.
Mr.Liebeler. You learned that only after reading it in the paper?
Mr.Bouhe. Absolutely. No correspondence. We didn't discuss. I would say my conversations with Oswald were at rock bottom minimum.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you have any feeling before the assassination that he had any hostility toward any individual in the Government?
Mr.Bouhe. You mean as of the end of December, 1962?
Mr.Liebeler. Yes.
Mr.Bouhe. I did not hear him say anything like that. But in reading this press news after the assassination, it clearly describes there the letter which he wrote from Minsk to Governor Connally, who was at the time Secretary of the Navy, and told him that he wants to correct the injustice being done an ex-serviceman and citizen, and I almost see the period "as soon as possible."
Connally passed it to the Marine Corps, according to the paper, which did nothing about it. And then I think it was the Newsweek magazine story which said, quoting Oswald, "Well, I will leave nothing undone to correct this injustice." That is what I know from the press. To me, I would say that it looks like a threat.
Mr.Liebeler. But you don't have any knowledge of Oswald's displeasure with Governor Connally?
Mr.Bouhe. Absolutely not.
Mr.Liebeler. If he had any prior to the assassination?
Mr.Bouhe. No, sir.
Mr.Liebeler. Did Marina understand English when you first met her?
Mr.Bouhe. She said no.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you have any reason to believe that she could understand English?
Mr.Bouhe. Yes; I said, well, in sort of a joking way, "Well, my God, you have an American husband. Didn't he teach you sweet nothings." Or something like that.
"Oh, yes. I know I love you. Come kiss me quick, or something like that."
But she did not speak English. And when we spoke English in front of her, for instance, at Mrs. Gregory's, who is not aRussian——
Mr.Liebeler. Mrs. Gregory?
Mr.Bouhe. I said, "Marina, I am sorry, but we have to say these few words in English."
"Oh, well, that is all right, I will learn it sometime," or something like that.
Mr.Liebeler. But it did not appear to you that she understood English?
Mr.Bouhe. It did not appear to me; yes. And then on that subject I have talked with you.
Mr.Liebeler. You told us that you tried to teach her English?
Mr.Bouhe. Shortly after I saw that she is scared of him. He is a bad provider, doesn't make friends, I thought there will be a calamity in the family there sometime.
And Marina Oswald sort of, I think, appreciated when she saw what I tried to do for her and her kid. I told Marina, "If you are a brave girl, if I were you, I would prepare myself to stand on my own feet before long. But before you start anything, you have to speak English."
"Well, how can I learn to speak English. Whenever I try to talk to Lee, he always come back in Russian and doesn't want me to speak English to him. This is positively so."
Well, I said, "Will he object if I teach you on the side, so to speak?"
"Well," she said, "let's try".
Now the young Gregory who is taking Russian lessons at the University of Oklahoma in Norman, who was spending a couple of weeks at home from his studies of Russian, I know he went to Marina to pick up some Russian lessons from her, and in exchange gave her a few pointers in English, but he was leaving for the university so I know that that system was to be short-lived.
Therefore I offered Marina on my own volition without being asked for it, an excellent dictionary published by the U.S. Government Printing Office in Washington during World War II as a guide for officers and generals in communicating with the Russians, and was prepared, as I understand, by the elite of the Russian emigre academic world in the American society.
Mr.Liebeler. Did you give this to Marina and attempt to teach her the English language?
Mr.Bouhe. Yes. But how I say to read and study, you have to have perseverance. "Let me try something", I said, and so on this paper I would write in Russian lesson number one and start writing in big letters in Russian simple sentences, "My name is Marina Oswald. I live in Fort Worth. We buy groceries on Tuesday. My husband works on Wednesday. This is a tropical climate."
Mr.Liebeler. You sent those to Marina and asked her to study them?
Mr.Bouhe. With a line space in between and asked her to look at the dictionary, but don't ask anybody, and put underneath in English, which she did faithfully for approximately 4 weeks, maybe 5.
Mr.Liebeler. Can you tell us approximately when this was? They were living in Fort Worth at that time?
Mr.Bouhe. Yes; I would say that was the last 3 weeks in September, and maybe the beginning of October which is when she moved to Mrs. Hall's. I would say it was sometime between September 12 and October 20.
Mr.Liebeler. After about four of these lessons she stopped doing it, is that right?
Mr.Bouhe. The fifth or sixth lesson did not return. Now just a moment, she would write the English words. She would send it all back to me and I would correct it and in turn send it back to her, so she will see what it should have been.
And incidentally, I was shown that by an FBI agent 10 days ago, because a Russian speaking FBI agent came to see me for 5 minutes. He said, "Pleasetake a yellow pad and write 'My name is Marina Oswald. We live in Fort Worth.'"
Mr.Liebeler. He had those lessons that you had sent to Marina?
Mr.Bouhe. I don't know what he had. All I could hear was my own words, because I have a way of speaking myself. He just showed me a photostat of one of my pages. This was it. And she made progress.
Mr.Liebeler. She seemed to be a good student of English; is that correct?
Mr.Bouhe. The first four or five lessons, for two or three pages each. She made a good headway.
Mr.Liebeler. Did she ever come to your house to study Russian?
Mr.Bouhe. No, sir.
Mr.Liebeler. Do you know if she ever went to visit with Mr. Gregory to study English?
Mr.Bouhe. No.
Mr.Liebeler. In my previous question I meant English, to study at your house?
Mr.Bouhe. Now Marina was in my house with Lee Harvey Oswald and the baby when I met them at the bus station on or about September 9, 1962.
Mr.Liebeler. That was the only time they were in your house?
Mr.Bouhe. Precisely. I took them from the bus to my house, changed thediaper——
Mr.Liebeler. Marina was never in your house in the absence of Lee Oswald?
Mr.Bouhe. Never. And I never was, to the best of my recollection, and made a point of it never to be in Marina's house without somebody else being there.
Mr.Liebeler. Now can you tell us why you took such care in that regard? Why did you make sure that you never went to visit Marina Oswald?
Mr.Bouhe. Because he was a peculiar guy, and I am not a fighter. I am an expert fighter with the word, but not with the muscles. And by his smirking appearances or other expressions on the face, indicated that I am not welcome and I am persona non grata, because apparently he was jealous that I filled the icebox once, and when she said that somebody else bought groceries, he said, "Who did that?" "Why I gave you $2 last week; $2 you got."
Mr.Liebeler. Do you know whether Oswald was ever jealous of the attention that any other gentlemen in the Russian group might have given to Marina?
Mr.Bouhe. I did not see.
Mr.Liebeler. You do not know about that?
Mr.Bouhe. I did not see, observe, suspect, or hear, because probably I showed undivided, what I might call, interest in the family as a whole.