[666]Petroleum and Its Products, by S.F. Peckham, U.S. Census, 1885, p. 7.[667]S. Dana Hayes, quoted in Henry'sEarly and Later History of Petroleum, p. 186.[668]Testimony, Joshua Merrill, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 570.[669]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, pp. 386, 425.[670]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 82.[671]See p. 165.[672]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 258.[673]See chs. xi. and xvii.[674]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 44. Testimony, same, pp. 2623, 2645. Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 223-26, 542, 543, 548.[675]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 43. Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 213.[676]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 712. Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, p. 302.[677]See p. 405.[678]See pp. 61, 153.[679]See p. 420.[680]See pp. 49, 217.[681]See p. 306.[682]See p. 108.[683]See pp. 111, 291, 446.[684]See p. 291.[685]See p. 162.[686]See pp. 118-27.[687]See pp. 97, 224.[688]See pp. 106, 164.[689]See pp. 107, 154.[690]See pp. 62, 79.[691]See pp. 42, 72, 188.[692]See p. 251.[693]See p. 216.[694]See pp. 216, 413.[695]See pp. 189, 228, 437.[696]See pp. 102, 140.[697]See pp. 182-98.[698]See p. 298.[699]See pp. 149, 447.[700]Railways and the Republic, by J.F. Hudson, p. 77.[701]Testimony, Corners, New York Senate, 1883, pp. 637-42.[702]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 298.[703]Same, p. 784.[704]Same, p. 295.[705]Same, pp. 295, 778-80.[706]Investigation of Relations of Standard Oil Company to the State, 1883, p. 473.[707]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 2665.[708]Same, p. 2667.[709]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 296, 322, 787, 788.[710]Same, p. 365.[711]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 2603.[712]Same, pp. 2604-14.[713]Testimony, Corners, New York Senate, 1883, pp. 929, 931, 932.[714]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 417.[715]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 1636.[716]Testimony, Rice cases, 51-60, Interstate Commerce Commission, 1887, pp. 366, 368.[717]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, pp. 455, 577.[718]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, pp. 576-89.[719]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 391, 392.[720]Same, p. 294.[721]Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 658.[722]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 580.[723]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 266, 287, 314, 365, 387, 395, 526, 537, 565, 627, 768, 790, 799.[724]House of Representatives, 50th Congress, 2d Session. Report No. 4165, Part II., Appendix C, p. 33.[725]Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 174-210, 801-951.[726]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, printed in Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 195.[727]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, printed in Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 206.[728]Same, p. 208.[729]Testimony in Buffalo Explosion case, printed in Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 894.[730]Deposition of Albert N. Reynolds, Buffalo Lubricating Oil Company, Limited, vs. Everest & Everest. Supreme Court, New York, Erie County, City of Buffalo, August 29, 1884.[731]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 2668.[732]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 215, 223, 226.[733]Interstate Commerce Law, sec. 10.[734]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 40-41.[735]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 44.[736]See p. 202.[737]Ricevs.Louisville and Nashville Railroadet al.Interstate Commerce Commission Reports, vol. i., p. 722. Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 675-84.[738]Scofieldvs.Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad. Interstate Commerce Commission Reports, vol. ii., p. 90.[739]Rice, Robinson and Witheropvs.Western New York and Pennsylvania Railroadet al.Interstate Commerce Commission Reports, vol. iv., p. 131.[740]Same.[741]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 597.[742]South Improvement Company, p. 45; American Transfer Company, p. 99; Rutter Circular, p. 85; Contract with Pennsylvania Railroad in 1877, p. 89; Contract with New York Central and Lake Shore and Michigan Central Railroads, 1875 and 1876; New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, Exhibits, p. 175; Contract with the Erie road, same, p. 573; Contract in the "Agreement for an Adventure" case, p. 62.[743]See pp. 69, 130, 146, 149, 151, 208, 219, 224, 239.[744]Wm. C. Bisselvs.Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fé Railroad Companyet al.[745]Testimony, United States Pacific Railway Commission Report, 1887, p. 3301.[746]Same, p. 3581.[747]Same, pp. 1132-33.[748]Sec pp. 49, 200, 218.[749]See p. 48.[750]TitusvilleWorld, July 12, 1894.[751]Standard Oil Companyvs.Southern Pacific Railroad and Whittier, Fuller & Co., 48Federal Reporter, p. 109.[752]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 2753.[753]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 333, 534.[754]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 2656-57.[755]See pp. 145, 319, 320.[756]Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 354.[757]Debates, Constitutional Convention to amend the Constitution of Pennsylvania, 1872, vol. viii., pp. 261, 262.[758]See p. 69.[759]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 1314-15.[760]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, p. 529.[761]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 367-68.[762]Same, p. 396.[763]Report of the United States Senate Committee on Meat Products, 51st Congress, 1st Session, 1890, No. 829, p. 18.[764]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 397, 781, 825, 924, 1383. United States Senate Report on Meat Products, p. 23.[765]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 808-9.[766]Same, speech of Simon Sterne, p. 3996.[767]See pp. 13, 19.[768]Franklin B. Gowen, before the United States Senate Interstate Commerce Committee, March, 1888.[769]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 215.[770]See page 4.
[666]Petroleum and Its Products, by S.F. Peckham, U.S. Census, 1885, p. 7.
[666]Petroleum and Its Products, by S.F. Peckham, U.S. Census, 1885, p. 7.
[667]S. Dana Hayes, quoted in Henry'sEarly and Later History of Petroleum, p. 186.
[667]S. Dana Hayes, quoted in Henry'sEarly and Later History of Petroleum, p. 186.
[668]Testimony, Joshua Merrill, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 570.
[668]Testimony, Joshua Merrill, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 570.
[669]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, pp. 386, 425.
[669]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, pp. 386, 425.
[670]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 82.
[670]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 82.
[671]See p. 165.
[671]See p. 165.
[672]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 258.
[672]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 258.
[673]See chs. xi. and xvii.
[673]See chs. xi. and xvii.
[674]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 44. Testimony, same, pp. 2623, 2645. Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 223-26, 542, 543, 548.
[674]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 44. Testimony, same, pp. 2623, 2645. Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 223-26, 542, 543, 548.
[675]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 43. Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 213.
[675]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 43. Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 213.
[676]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 712. Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, p. 302.
[676]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 712. Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, p. 302.
[677]See p. 405.
[677]See p. 405.
[678]See pp. 61, 153.
[678]See pp. 61, 153.
[679]See p. 420.
[679]See p. 420.
[680]See pp. 49, 217.
[680]See pp. 49, 217.
[681]See p. 306.
[681]See p. 306.
[682]See p. 108.
[682]See p. 108.
[683]See pp. 111, 291, 446.
[683]See pp. 111, 291, 446.
[684]See p. 291.
[684]See p. 291.
[685]See p. 162.
[685]See p. 162.
[686]See pp. 118-27.
[686]See pp. 118-27.
[687]See pp. 97, 224.
[687]See pp. 97, 224.
[688]See pp. 106, 164.
[688]See pp. 106, 164.
[689]See pp. 107, 154.
[689]See pp. 107, 154.
[690]See pp. 62, 79.
[690]See pp. 62, 79.
[691]See pp. 42, 72, 188.
[691]See pp. 42, 72, 188.
[692]See p. 251.
[692]See p. 251.
[693]See p. 216.
[693]See p. 216.
[694]See pp. 216, 413.
[694]See pp. 216, 413.
[695]See pp. 189, 228, 437.
[695]See pp. 189, 228, 437.
[696]See pp. 102, 140.
[696]See pp. 102, 140.
[697]See pp. 182-98.
[697]See pp. 182-98.
[698]See p. 298.
[698]See p. 298.
[699]See pp. 149, 447.
[699]See pp. 149, 447.
[700]Railways and the Republic, by J.F. Hudson, p. 77.
[700]Railways and the Republic, by J.F. Hudson, p. 77.
[701]Testimony, Corners, New York Senate, 1883, pp. 637-42.
[701]Testimony, Corners, New York Senate, 1883, pp. 637-42.
[702]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 298.
[702]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 298.
[703]Same, p. 784.
[703]Same, p. 784.
[704]Same, p. 295.
[704]Same, p. 295.
[705]Same, pp. 295, 778-80.
[705]Same, pp. 295, 778-80.
[706]Investigation of Relations of Standard Oil Company to the State, 1883, p. 473.
[706]Investigation of Relations of Standard Oil Company to the State, 1883, p. 473.
[707]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 2665.
[707]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 2665.
[708]Same, p. 2667.
[708]Same, p. 2667.
[709]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 296, 322, 787, 788.
[709]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 296, 322, 787, 788.
[710]Same, p. 365.
[710]Same, p. 365.
[711]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 2603.
[711]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 2603.
[712]Same, pp. 2604-14.
[712]Same, pp. 2604-14.
[713]Testimony, Corners, New York Senate, 1883, pp. 929, 931, 932.
[713]Testimony, Corners, New York Senate, 1883, pp. 929, 931, 932.
[714]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 417.
[714]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 417.
[715]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 1636.
[715]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 1636.
[716]Testimony, Rice cases, 51-60, Interstate Commerce Commission, 1887, pp. 366, 368.
[716]Testimony, Rice cases, 51-60, Interstate Commerce Commission, 1887, pp. 366, 368.
[717]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, pp. 455, 577.
[717]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, pp. 455, 577.
[718]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, pp. 576-89.
[718]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, pp. 576-89.
[719]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 391, 392.
[719]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 391, 392.
[720]Same, p. 294.
[720]Same, p. 294.
[721]Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 658.
[721]Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 658.
[722]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 580.
[722]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 580.
[723]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 266, 287, 314, 365, 387, 395, 526, 537, 565, 627, 768, 790, 799.
[723]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 266, 287, 314, 365, 387, 395, 526, 537, 565, 627, 768, 790, 799.
[724]House of Representatives, 50th Congress, 2d Session. Report No. 4165, Part II., Appendix C, p. 33.
[724]House of Representatives, 50th Congress, 2d Session. Report No. 4165, Part II., Appendix C, p. 33.
[725]Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 174-210, 801-951.
[725]Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 174-210, 801-951.
[726]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, printed in Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 195.
[726]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, printed in Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 195.
[727]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, printed in Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 206.
[727]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, printed in Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 206.
[728]Same, p. 208.
[728]Same, p. 208.
[729]Testimony in Buffalo Explosion case, printed in Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 894.
[729]Testimony in Buffalo Explosion case, printed in Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 894.
[730]Deposition of Albert N. Reynolds, Buffalo Lubricating Oil Company, Limited, vs. Everest & Everest. Supreme Court, New York, Erie County, City of Buffalo, August 29, 1884.
[730]Deposition of Albert N. Reynolds, Buffalo Lubricating Oil Company, Limited, vs. Everest & Everest. Supreme Court, New York, Erie County, City of Buffalo, August 29, 1884.
[731]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 2668.
[731]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 2668.
[732]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 215, 223, 226.
[732]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 215, 223, 226.
[733]Interstate Commerce Law, sec. 10.
[733]Interstate Commerce Law, sec. 10.
[734]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 40-41.
[734]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 40-41.
[735]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 44.
[735]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 44.
[736]See p. 202.
[736]See p. 202.
[737]Ricevs.Louisville and Nashville Railroadet al.Interstate Commerce Commission Reports, vol. i., p. 722. Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 675-84.
[737]Ricevs.Louisville and Nashville Railroadet al.Interstate Commerce Commission Reports, vol. i., p. 722. Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 675-84.
[738]Scofieldvs.Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad. Interstate Commerce Commission Reports, vol. ii., p. 90.
[738]Scofieldvs.Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad. Interstate Commerce Commission Reports, vol. ii., p. 90.
[739]Rice, Robinson and Witheropvs.Western New York and Pennsylvania Railroadet al.Interstate Commerce Commission Reports, vol. iv., p. 131.
[739]Rice, Robinson and Witheropvs.Western New York and Pennsylvania Railroadet al.Interstate Commerce Commission Reports, vol. iv., p. 131.
[740]Same.
[740]Same.
[741]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 597.
[741]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 597.
[742]South Improvement Company, p. 45; American Transfer Company, p. 99; Rutter Circular, p. 85; Contract with Pennsylvania Railroad in 1877, p. 89; Contract with New York Central and Lake Shore and Michigan Central Railroads, 1875 and 1876; New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, Exhibits, p. 175; Contract with the Erie road, same, p. 573; Contract in the "Agreement for an Adventure" case, p. 62.
[742]South Improvement Company, p. 45; American Transfer Company, p. 99; Rutter Circular, p. 85; Contract with Pennsylvania Railroad in 1877, p. 89; Contract with New York Central and Lake Shore and Michigan Central Railroads, 1875 and 1876; New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, Exhibits, p. 175; Contract with the Erie road, same, p. 573; Contract in the "Agreement for an Adventure" case, p. 62.
[743]See pp. 69, 130, 146, 149, 151, 208, 219, 224, 239.
[743]See pp. 69, 130, 146, 149, 151, 208, 219, 224, 239.
[744]Wm. C. Bisselvs.Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fé Railroad Companyet al.
[744]Wm. C. Bisselvs.Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fé Railroad Companyet al.
[745]Testimony, United States Pacific Railway Commission Report, 1887, p. 3301.
[745]Testimony, United States Pacific Railway Commission Report, 1887, p. 3301.
[746]Same, p. 3581.
[746]Same, p. 3581.
[747]Same, pp. 1132-33.
[747]Same, pp. 1132-33.
[748]Sec pp. 49, 200, 218.
[748]Sec pp. 49, 200, 218.
[749]See p. 48.
[749]See p. 48.
[750]TitusvilleWorld, July 12, 1894.
[750]TitusvilleWorld, July 12, 1894.
[751]Standard Oil Companyvs.Southern Pacific Railroad and Whittier, Fuller & Co., 48Federal Reporter, p. 109.
[751]Standard Oil Companyvs.Southern Pacific Railroad and Whittier, Fuller & Co., 48Federal Reporter, p. 109.
[752]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 2753.
[752]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 2753.
[753]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 333, 534.
[753]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 333, 534.
[754]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 2656-57.
[754]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 2656-57.
[755]See pp. 145, 319, 320.
[755]See pp. 145, 319, 320.
[756]Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 354.
[756]Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 354.
[757]Debates, Constitutional Convention to amend the Constitution of Pennsylvania, 1872, vol. viii., pp. 261, 262.
[757]Debates, Constitutional Convention to amend the Constitution of Pennsylvania, 1872, vol. viii., pp. 261, 262.
[758]See p. 69.
[758]See p. 69.
[759]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 1314-15.
[759]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 1314-15.
[760]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, p. 529.
[760]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, p. 529.
[761]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 367-68.
[761]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 367-68.
[762]Same, p. 396.
[762]Same, p. 396.
[763]Report of the United States Senate Committee on Meat Products, 51st Congress, 1st Session, 1890, No. 829, p. 18.
[763]Report of the United States Senate Committee on Meat Products, 51st Congress, 1st Session, 1890, No. 829, p. 18.
[764]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 397, 781, 825, 924, 1383. United States Senate Report on Meat Products, p. 23.
[764]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 397, 781, 825, 924, 1383. United States Senate Report on Meat Products, p. 23.
[765]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 808-9.
[765]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 808-9.
[766]Same, speech of Simon Sterne, p. 3996.
[766]Same, speech of Simon Sterne, p. 3996.
[767]See pp. 13, 19.
[767]See pp. 13, 19.
[768]Franklin B. Gowen, before the United States Senate Interstate Commerce Committee, March, 1888.
[768]Franklin B. Gowen, before the United States Senate Interstate Commerce Committee, March, 1888.
[769]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 215.
[769]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 215.
[770]See page 4.
[770]See page 4.