give Standard Oil Company 25 cents out of 35 cents freight paid by George Rice,206;allegiance to the company,203;construction aided by Toledo,313;Commission of 1873, in Great Britain,369;regulation, Duke of Wellington on,369;and Constitution of New York of 1846,370;British, A.T. Hadley on,370;New York Commission of 1857,370;procure abolition of New York Railway Commission of 1857,371;State commissions to regulate,371;officials refuse to answer questions of Congress,373;prevent shipment of Colorado oil to Pacific states,427;no discrimination on German,438;Pennsylvania Constitution on,451;lose the oil business worth $30,000,000 a year,456;ownership of members of oil trust in,460,461;rates to oil combination secret,474;preferences to oil combination described by the Interstate Commerce Commission,478;officials admit rebates,480;shut off shipments of Colorado and Wyoming oil,481;collusive litigation between Southern Pacific Railroad and oil combination,483;officials charged with receiving a bonus for giving rebates,486;officials owners of stock in Chicago Union Stockyards,487;tax the poor for the rich,489;give $50,000,000 to $100,000,000 rebates out of $800,000,000 freights yearly,491;excuses for violating Interstate Commerce law,498;accidents to employés,499;rights of employés,506.Ramsdell, Homer, on South Improvement Company contract,50.Reading Railroad and railroad war of 1877,88.Rebates, to South Improvement Company,46;equal to 21 per cent. a year on capital,69;Ohio Supreme Court decision on,69;to the oil combination,69,474-87;denied by president of the oil combination,96;to Standard Oil Company,96,206;to American Transfer Company,100;from railroads build pipe lines for oil combination,116,118;to oil combination admitted,188;unknown to outside shippers,475;giving or receiving, a penitentiary offence,475;denied by members of the oil trust,476;to oil combination, summary of evidence of,479;admitted by officials of the Pacific railways,480;to A.T. Stewart & Co.,489;given by Pennsylvania Railroad to three coal-dealers,490;refusal of givers and takers to testify in Chicago,490;$50,000,000 to $100,000,000 a year,491.Refineries, petroleum, dismantling of,42;oil, put under contract to limit production,61,65;shut down and pulled down,71.Refiners, compelled to sell to South Improvement Company,51;put under bonds not to refine,79;New York, do not dare to build large refineries,107.Refuse oil delivered to competitors,291.Reichenbach on petroleum,38.Reports by subordinate companies of oil trust,274.Republican party and sugar trust,404.Restriction, of competing refineries by oil combination,61;of its capacity to one-half by the oil combination,68;of production, by oil combination,421;in Scotland,435.Rice, George,199-242;lets Interstate Commerce Commission cases go by default,151;vs.Brundredet al.,239;cases before Interstate Commerce Commission,239n.;vs.Standard Oil Trust,241;vs.trustees of Standard Oil Trust,453.Rice, Robinson, and Witherop case, 1890, before Interstate Commerce Commission,147.Richardsonvs.Buhlet al.,10.River, interference with shipments by,224;shipments stopped by oil combination,433;trade in Germany appropriated by oil trust,437.Rochester, explosion in Vacuum refinery,250,252.Rosebery, Lord, comments ofInvestors' Review,450.Rothschilds, position in Russian oil industry,443.Ruffner Brothers,462.Russia, American oil combination in,442;every producer allowed to enter international trust,444;Minister of Finance organizes combination with American oil trust,444;why government of, favored American oil combination,448;treaty with,448.Rutter circular,85.Salt,32.Sanford case, Pennsylvania Supreme Court,54.Scandinavia,437.Scarcity, the object of oil combination,72;Oil City and Titusville refineries kept closed,142.Schenck, U.P., libel against the,225.Scofield, Representative, resolution for investigation of South Improvement Company,56;W.C., Standard Oil Companyvs.,61,89;decision,66;et al.vs.Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway Company,70.Scotch refiners in 1850,39;pool of,72;make superior article,408;precluded from discussing poor quality of American oil,409;pool with Americans broken in 1892,427;pool with American combination,435;compelled to reduce production,435;shrinkage of capital,436.Scott, Thomas, on South Improvement Company contract,50.Screw, turn another,213.Seaboard, Tidewater, first pipe line to,107.Seamen, American, not employed by American subsidized steamers,400.Secrecy, insisted on by oil combination,63,65,79;in the increase of freights,218,474;as to ownership of oil-trust stock,487.Secretary, of oil combination, testifies before Ohio Legislature,51;testifies to "scarcely any profits,"67;testifies to purchase of oil plant of Pennsylvania Railroad,89;not a practical oil-man,465;refused to give Congress names of owners of certain shares in its pipe lines,487.Seemann, E.F., DieMonopolisirung des Petroleum Handels und der Petroleum Industrie,438.Selligue,38,462.Senate, United States, the Payne scandal,374-88.Sharplessvs.Philadelphia,315.Shrouds, combination,37."Shut-down," of 1887,72,153;advances prices of kerosene,158.Silliman, Professor Benjamin, analyzes petroleum,39;on oil not monopolized,40.Slave-trade,525.Smith, Adam,494.Socrates, the great are the bad,506.South Improvement Company, investigated by Congress,43,45;investigation suppressed,45;contract of railroads with,45;rebates,46;and oil combination, same,49;to have complete monopoly,49;compels refiners to sell to it,51;contracts not cancelled,57;charter repealed,57;arrangement still exists "in reality,"58;President of Standard Oil Company on,59;plan of, reproduced,85;reappears in American Transfer Company,100;espionage in operation in 1880,213;charged to be now in operation in California,479.South, oil combination not popular in the,209.Southern Pacific Railroad Company and Whittier, Fuller & Co., Standard Oil Companyvs.,484.Speculation, in sugar-trust stock,32,403;in oil,42;by oil combination, on advance knowledge of freight reduction,110;follows "shut-down" of 1887,157.Spies,65;watch shipments,212;pay of,298;in war on Toledo,334.Standard Oil Company, interview with president of, concerning South Improvement Company,59;president of, testifies about Southern Improvement Company,59;vs.W.C. Scofieldet al.,61,89;decision,65;contract with Lake Shore road decided to be "unlawful,"70;Supreme Court of Ohio on its monopoly,70;and war of rates, 1877,88;contracts for rebate of one-tenth of all oil freights,89;lower rates by Pennsylvania Railroad to,90,94;freight rate of 38 cents to,95;Erie contract with,102;independents forced to sell to,141;tax investigation, by Pennsylvania Legislature,166;members of, indicted in Clarion County, Pennsylvania,170;saved from trial by Supreme Court,180;members of, object to taking witness-stand,171;People of Ohiovs.,239;sued by Toledo for $1,000,000 damages,367;spends money in elections,386;Senator Payne on the,386;pays State inspectors,414;owned by Standard Oil Trust,458;its president denies ownership by Standard Oil Trust,458;application to Attorney-General of New York for forfeiture of charter of,458;vs.Southern Pacific Railroad and Whittier, Fuller Co.,484.Standard Oil Trust, purchase of works of widow competitor by three trustees of,80;dissolution of,240;Ricevs.,241;and the Buffalo explosion,253-98;not a manufacturing company,272;members of, ordered acquitted by the judge,272-84;trustees personally own majority of each company in,273,458;controls every movement of subordinate companies,274;how it pools the control and profits of subordinate companies,275;owns natural-gas companies,337;counsel of, is president of the New York Constitutional Convention,452;declared void by Supreme Court of New York,453;People of Ohiovs.,453;Ricevs.Trustees of,453;Supreme Court of Ohio pronounces it a monopoly, and void,453;New York Legislature on formidable money power of,457;dividends,457;capital of, worth $148,000,000 in 1888,457;Interstate Commerce Commission on immense power of,458;keeps no books,469;operations not business,470;makes president its attorney,470;executes large contracts through attorneys,470;asks Congress to hear additional defence,471;discrepancy between the facts and its evidence,471;claims same rebates were granted to other shippers,472;its offer to prove to Congress that C.B. Matthews testified falsely,472;its employment of detectives admitted by latter,472;its threats of litigation against competitors,473;member of, denies rebates,478.Steamship, discrimination in favor of meat combination,37;pool,395.Sterne, Simon, on oil terminals of Erie Railroad,102;on railroads taxing poor for the rich,489.Stewart, A.T., & Co., rebate to,489.St. Louis, forty reductions in oil prices in three years,427.Stock watering in natural-gas companies at Toledo,363.Stock Yards, Chicago, Union,34.Storage, ordinances for, used to overcome competition,215.Storer, F.H., on Selligue,38.Stoves,9;Manufacturers, National Association,10.Street-railways, Brooklyn, consolidation,5.Strike of New York freight-handlers, 1882,296.Subsidy, urged by Secretary of the Navy,389;voted by Congressmen of both parties,389;postal,389-400;press used to popularize,392;policy of limitations,393;got by bribery,394;advocated by United States Commissioner of Navigation,401.Sugar trust, Judge Barrett's decision,3,4;investigation by New York Legislature,32,33;capital and dividends,32,33,404;contributes to Republican and Democratic parties,403;president testifies about campaign contributions,403;securities and profits,404;and government,404;and anti-trust law,404;president admits it has increased price,431n.;and tariff bill of 1894,449.Sumatra,441.Sun, New York, on income of members of oil trust,459.Suppression, of congressional investigation, 1872,45,60;1876,71;evidence in Cleveland,83.Supreme Court of Ohio, decision on rebates,69;of Pennsylvania, interferes to save members of Standard Oil Company from trial,180;said to be run by Pennsylvania Railroad,181;of New York, on Standard Oil Trust,453.Survival of the unfittest,14.Tank-boats for canal,96.Tank-cars, origin of,41;carried free by railroads,131;less profitable to railroads than barrels,138;free carriage of 62 gallons in each,139;worse than powder,139;prohibitory discrimination against competitors',189;independent shippers cannot get rates,228;of preferred shippers, hauled free by railroads,229;numbers painted out,235.Tank-steamers, German, refused oil,437.Tariff, changes in Germany,437;lowered in France,440;and sugar trust,404,449;and trusts, John De Witt Warner on,449.Taxes, oil combination refuses to pay, in Pennsylvania,166.Terminal facilities, of railroads, controlled by oil combination,102;surrendered by railroads to oil combination,140,142.Testimony, in Cleveland case disappears,83;mutilated transcript for Congress of Buffalo explosion case,244,267,298;taken in Congressional investigation of 1876 stolen,373.Thurman, Allen G., on the election of Senator Payne,376.Tidewater Pipe Line, organized,107;rate of 10 cents per barrel made by railroads against,108;plugged,111;surrenders to the oil combination,112.Timber lands, railroads buying,12.Titusville fire, June 5, 1892,417.Titusville and Oil City Independent Refiners' Associationsvs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al.,118-65.Toledo, Findlay and Springfield Railwayvs.Ohio Oil Company,306.Toledo, war upon,305-68;undertakes municipal supply of natural gas,307;municipal aid to railroads,313;People of Ohiovs.,314;Fellowset al.vs.,314;part of the oil combination in the war against, admitted,339;city natural-gas line, financial results,359-68;public enterprise builds better pipe line than private,360;gas shut off,366;brings suit against Standard Oil Company and others for $1,000,000 damages,367.Treasurer, of oil combination, denies purchase of oil plant of Pennsylvania Railroad,89.Treasury, Secretary of United States, business associate of oil combination,400;orders it paid drawbacks,401;Commissioner of Navigation, advocates subsidies,401.Truesdale, George, testimony of,246.Trust, anti, law,3,7,404;oil combination, parent of system of,8;in politics,403;all contribute to campaign expenses,403;prices,429;prices of, superior to panic,431n.;and tariff,449.Turpentine, rates on,232.Undertakers combination,37.United Pipe Lines, buy bankrupt pipe lines,87;owned by oil combination,101,125.United States,vs.E.C. Knight & Co.et al.,404;marshal libels river steamers,225.United States Pipe Line forced to abandon Hancock route,163;makes success of piping refined oil,165;opposition to extension beyond Wilkes-barre,445.Uprising in the oil regions, 1872,55.Vanderbilt, Commodore Cornelius, wealth of, at44,460;William H., on South Improvement Company contract,51;surprised by ready cash of oil combination,88;never heard of American Transfer Company,99n.Van Syckel, Samuel, lays first pipe line,41,185;history and inventions of,182-98;vs.Acme Oil Company,187;gets United States patents for new process of refining,193;given 6 cents damages by the judge,195;dies in poverty,462.Wagons cheaper than railroads,211.Warner, A.J., on bill to regulate river shipments,225.Warner, John De Witt, on trusts and tariff,449.Washington, Constitution concerning trusts,451.Wealth, concentrated, greatest sovereign,134;of the combinations, certain features of,513.Webster, Daniel, on extemporaneous acquisition,462.Weehawken oil docks,140.Well-drillers' Union and the "shut-down" of 1887,154.Wellington, Duke of, on State and railroads,369.Whalebacks,460.Whiskey, ring of 1874,20;trust, secretary of, arrested,21.Widow, competitor of oil combination,75;forced to sell,77.Wilkes-barre railroads oppose independent pipe-line crossing,161.Wilson, William L., on sugar trust,32;President Cleveland to,404.Witnesses, before United States Senate Committee investigating Chicago meat combination intimidated,34;before committee of Congress refuse to testify,60;refuse to appear before Interstate Commerce Commission,145;railroad officials refuse to testify in Ohio,202;railroad, refuse to testify before Congress,224;