Chapter 18

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Bur¶den (?), n. [OE. burdoun the bass in music, F. bourdon; cf. LL. burdo drone, a long organ pipe, a staff, a mule. Prob. of imitative origin. Cf. Bourdon.] 1. The verse repeated in a song, or the return of the theme at the end of each stanza; the chorus; refrain. Hence: That which is often repeated or which is dwelt upon; the main topic; as, the burden of a prayer.I would sing my song without a burden.Shak.2. The drone of a bagpipe.Ruddiman.Bur¶den, n. [See Burdon.] A club. [Obs.]Spenser.Bur¶denÏer (?), n. One who loads; a oppressor.Bur¶denÏous (?), a. Burdensome. [Obs.] ½Burdenous taxations.¸Shak.Bur¶denÏsome (?), a. Grievous to be borne; causing uneasiness or fatigue; oppressive.The debt immense of endless gratitudeSo burdensome.Milton.Syn. - Heavy; weighty; cumbersome; onerous; grievous; oppressive; troublesome.Ð Bur¶denÏsomeÏly, adv. Ð Bur¶denÏsomeÏness, n.Bur¶dock (?), n. [Bur + dock the plant.] (Bot.) A genus of coarse biennial herbs (Lappa), bearing small burs which adhere tenaciously to clothes, or to the fur or wool of animals.µ The common burdock is the Lappa officinalis.Bur¶don (?), n. [See Bourdon.] A pilgrim's staff. [Written also burden.]Rom. of R.Bu¶reau (?), n.; pl. E. Bureaus (?), F. Bureaux (?). [F. bureau a writing table, desk, office, OF., drugget, with which a writing table was often covered, equiv. to F. bure, and fr. OF. buire dark brown, the stuff being named from its color, fr. L. burrus red, fr. Gr. ? flameÐcolored, prob. fr. ? fire. See Fire, n., and cf. Borel, n.] 1. Originally, a desk or writing table with drawers for papers.Swift.2. The place where such a bureau is used; an office where business requiring writing is transacted.3. Hence: A department of public business requiring a force of clerks; the body of officials in a department who labor under the direction of a chief.µ On the continent of Europe, the highest departments, in most countries, have the name of bureaux; as, the Bureau of the Minister of Foreign Affairs. In Englandÿand America, the term is confined to inferior and subordinate departments; as, the ½Pension Bureau,¸ a subdepartment of the Department of the Interior. [Obs.] In Spanish, bureo denotes a court of justice for the trial of persons belonging to the king's household.4. A chest of drawers for clothes, especially when made as an ornamental piece of furniture. [U.S.]Bureau system. See Bureaucracy. Ð Bureau Veritas, an institution, in the interest of maritime underwriters, for the survey and rating of vessels all over the world. It was founded in Belgium in 1828, removed to Paris in 1830, and re‰stablished in Brussels in 1870.BuÏreau¶craÏcy (?), n. [Bureau + Gr. ? to be strong, to govern, ? strength: cf. F. bureaucratie.] 1. A system of carrying on the business of government by means of departments or bureaus, each under the control of a chief, in contradiction to a system in which the officers of government have an associated authority and responsibility; also, government conducted on this system.2. Government officials, collectively.BuÏreau¶crat (?), n. An official of a bureau; esp. an official confirmed in a narrow and arbitrary routine.C.Kingsley.Bu·reauÏcrat¶ic (?), Bu·reauÏcrat¶icÏal (?), } a. [Cf. F. bureaucratique.] Of, relating to, or resembling, a bureaucracy.BuÏreau¶craÏtist (?), n. An advocate for , or supporter of, bureaucracy.Bur¶el (?), n. & a. Same as Borrel.ØBuÏrette¶ (?), n. [F., can, cruet, dim. of buire flagon.] (Chem.) An apparatus for delivering measured quantities of liquid or for measuring the quantity of liquid or gas received or discharged. It consists essentially of a graduated glass tube, usually furnished with a small aperture and stopcock.Bur¶ fish· (?). (Zo”l.) A spinose, plectognath fish of the Allantic coast of the United States (esp. Chilo mycterus geometricus) having the power of distending its body with water or air, so as to resemble a chestnut bur; Ð called also ball fish, balloon fish, and swellfish.Burg (?), n. [AS. burh, burg, cf. LL. burgus. See 1st Borough.] 1. A fortified town. [Obs.]2. A borough. [Eng.] See 1st Borough.Burg¶age (?), n. [From Burg: cf. F. bourgage, LL. burgagium.] (Eng. Law) A tenure by which houses or lands are held of the king or other lord of a borough or city; at a certain yearly rent, or by services relating to trade or handicraft.Burrill.Bur¶gall (?), n. (Zo”l.) A small marine fish; Ð also called cunner.Bur¶gaÏmot (?), n. See Bergamot.Bur¶gaÏnet (?), n. See Burgonet.Bur¶gee (?), n. 1. A kind of small coat.2. (Naut.) A swallowÐtailed flag; a distinguishing pen?ant, used by cutters, yachts, and merchant vessels.BurÏgeois¶ (?), n. (Print.) See 1st Bourgeous.ØBurÏgeois¶ (?), n. A burgess; a citizen. See 2d Bourgeois. [R.]Addison.Bur¶geon (?), v.i. To bud. See Bourgeon.Bur¶gess (?), n. [OE. burgeis, OF. burgeis, fr. burcfortified town, town, F. bourg village, fr. LL. burgus fort, city; from the German; cf. MHG. burc, G. burg. See 1st Borough, and cf. 2d Bourgeois.] 1. An inhabitant of a borough or walled town, or one who possesses a tenement therein; a citizen or freeman of a borough.Blackstone.µ ½A burgess of a borough corresponds with a citizen of a city.¸Burrill.2. One who represents a borough in Parliament.3. A magistrate of a borough.4. An inhabitant of a Scotch burgh qualified to vote for municipal officers.µ Before the Revolution, the representatives in the popular branchÿof the legislature of Virginia were called burgesses; they are now called delegates.Burgess oath. See Burgher, 2.Bur¶gessÐship (?), n. The state of privilege of a burgess.South.Burg¶grave (?), n. [G. burggraf; burg fortress + graf count: cf. D. burggraaf, F. burgrave. See Margrave.] (Gremany) Originally, one appointed to the command of a burg (fortress or castle); but the title afterward became hereditary, with a domain attached.Burgh (?), n. [OE. See Burg.] A borough or incorporated town, especially, one in Scotland. See Borough.Burgh¶al (?), a. Belonging of a burgh.Burgh¶bote· (?), n. [Burgh + bote.] (Old Law) A contribution toward the building or repairing of castles or walls for the defense of a city or town.Burgh¶brech· (?), n. [Burgh + F. brŠche, equiv. to E. breach.] (AS. Law) The offense of violating the pledge given by every inhabitant of a tithing to keep the peace; breach of the peace.Burrill.Burgh¶er (?), n. [From burgh; akin to D. burger, G. brger, Dan. borger, Sw. borgare. See Burgh.] 1. A freeman of a burgh or borough, entitled to enjoy the privileges of the place; any inhabitant of a borough.2. (Eccl. Hist.) A member of that party, among the Scotch seceders, which asserted the lawfulness of the burgess oath (in which burgesses profess ½the true religion professed within the realm¸), the opposite party being called antiburghers.µ These parties arose among the Presbyterians of Scotland, in 1747, and in 1820 reunited under the name of the ½United Associate Synod of the Secession Church.¸Burgh¶erÏmas·ter (?), n. See Burgomaster.Burgh¶erÏship (?), n. The state or privileges of a burgher.Burgh¶mas·ter (?), n. 1. Aÿburgomaster.2. (Mining) An officer who directs and lays out the meres or boundaries for the workmen; Ð called also bailiff, and barmaster. [Eng.]Burgh¶mote· (?), n. (AS. Law) [Burgh + mote meeting.] A court or meeting of a burgh or borough; a borough court held three times yearly.Bur¶glar (?), n. [OE. burg town, F. bourg, fr. LL. burgus (of German origin) + OF. lere thief, fr. L. latro. See Borough, and Larceny.] (Law) One guilty of the crime of burglary.Burglar alarm, a device for giving alarm if a door or window is opened from without.Bur¶glarÏer (?), n. A burglar. [Obs.]BurÏgla¶riÏous (?), a. Pertaining to burglary; constituting the crime of burglary.To come down a chimney is held a burglarious entry.Blackstone.BurÏgla¶riÏousÏly, adv. With an intent to commit burglary; in the manner of a burglar.Blackstone.Bur¶glaÏry (?), n.; pl. Burglaries (?). [Fr. Burglar; cf. LL. burglaria.] (Law) Breaking and entering the dwelling house of another, in the nighttime, with intent to commit a felony therein, whether the felonious purpose be accomplished or not.Wharton. Burrill.µ By statute law in some of the United States, burglary includes the breaking with felonious intent into a house by day as well as by night, and into other buildings than dwelling houses. Various degrees of the crime are established.Bur¶goÏmas·ter (?), n. [D. burgemeester; burgÿborough + meester master; akin to G. burgemeister, brgermeister. See 1st Borough, and Master.] 1. A chief magistrate of a municipal town in Holland, Flanders, and Germany, corresponding to mayor in Englandÿand the United States; a burghmaster.2. (Zo”l.) An aquatic bird, the glaucous gull (Larus glaucus), common in arctic regions.Bur¶goÏnet (?), n. [F. bouruignotte, because the Burgundians, F. Bouruignons, first used it.] A kind of helmet. [Written also burganet.]Shak.Bur¶goo (?), n. [Prov. E. burgood yeast, perh. fr. W. burym yeast + cawl cabbage, gruel.] A kind of oatmeal pudding, or thick gruel, used by seamen. [Written also burgout.]Bur¶grass· (?), n. (Bot.) Grass of the genus Cenchrus, growing in sand, and having burs for fruit.Bur¶grave (?), n. [F.] See Burggrave.Bur¶gunÏdy (?), n. 1. An old province of France (in the eastern central part).2. A richly flavored wine, mostly red, made in Burgundy, France.Burgundy pitch, a resinous substance prepared from the exudation of the Norway spruce (Abies excelsa) by melting in hot water and straining through cloth. The genuine Burgundy pitch, supposed to have been first prepared in Burgundy, is rare, but there are many imitations. It has a yellowish brown color, is translucent and hard, but viscous. It is used in medicinal plasters.Burh (?), n. See Burg. [Obs.]Bur¶hel, Burr¶hel } (?), n. (Zo”l.) The wild Himalayan, or blue, sheep (Ovis burrhel).Bur¶iÏal (?), n. [OE. buriel, buriels, grave, tomb, AS. byrgels, fr. byrgan to bury, and akin to OS. burgisli sepulcher.] 1. A grave; a tomb; a place of sepulture. [Obs.]The ert?e schook, and stoones weren cloven, and biriels weren opened.Wycliff [Matt.xxvii.51, 52].2. The act of burying; depositing a dead body in the earth, in a tomb or vault, or in the water, usually with attendant ceremonies; sepulture; interment. ½To give a public burial.¸Shak.Now to glorious burial slowly borne.Tennyson.Burial case, a form of coffin, usually of iron, made to close airÐtight, for the preservation of a dead body. Ð Burial ground, a piece of ground selected and set apart for a placeÿof buriials, and consecrated to such use by religious ceremonies. Ð Burial place, any place where burials are made. Ð Burial service. (a) The religious service performed at the interment of the dead; a funeral service. (b) That portion of a liturgy which is read at an interment; as, the English burial service.Syn. - Sepulture; interment; inhumation.Bur¶iÏer (?), n. One who, or that which, buries.Till the buriers have buried it.Ezek.xxxix.15.And darkness be the burier of the dead.Shak.Bu¶rin (?), n. [F. burin, cf. It. burino, bulino; prob. from OHG. bora borer, borÓn to bore, G. bohren. See 1st Bore.] 1. The cutting tool of an engraver on metal, used in line engraving. It is made of tempered steel, one end being ground off obliquely so as to produce a sharp point, and the other end inserted in a handle; a graver; also, the similarly shaped tool used by workers in marble.2. The manner or style of execution of an engraver; as, a soft burin; a brilliant burin.Bu¶rinÏist, n. One who works with the burin.For. Quart. Rev.Bu¶riÏon (?), n. (Zo”l.) The redÐbreasted house sparrow of California (Carpodacus frontalis); Ð called also crimsonÐfronted bullfinch. [Written also burrion.]Burke (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Burked (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Burking.] [From one Burke of Edinburgh, who committed the crime in 1829.] 1. To murder by suffocation, or so as to produce few marks of violence, for the purpose of obtaining a body to be sold for dessection.2. To dispose of quietly or indirectly; to suppress; to smother; to shelve; as, to burke a parliamentary question.The court could not burke an inquiry, supported by such a mass of a affidavits.C.Reade.Burk¶ism (?), n. The practice of killing persons for the purpose of selling their bodies for dissection.Burl (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Burled (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Burling.] [OE. burle stuffing, or a knot in cloth; cf. F. bourlet, bourrelet, OF. bourel, a wreath or a roll of cloth, linen, or leather, stuffed with flocks, etc., dim. of bourre. û92. See Bur.] To dress or finish up (cloth); to pick knots, burs, loose threads, etc., from, as in finishing cloth.Burling iron, a peculiar kind of nippers or tweezers used in burling woolen cloth.Burl, n. 1. A knot or lump in thread or cloth.2. An overgrown knot, or an excrescence, on a tree; also, veneer made from such excrescences.Bur¶lap (?), n. A coarse fabric, made of jute or hemp, used for bagging; also, a finer variety of similar material, used for curtains, etc. [Written also burlaps.]Burl¶er (?), n. One who burls or dresses cloth.BurÏlesque¶ (?), a. [F. burlesque, fr. It. burlesco, fr. burla jest, mockery, perh. for burrula, dim. of L. burrae trifles. See Bur.] Tending to excite laughter or contempt by extravagant images, or by a contrast between the subject and the manner of treating it, as when a trifling subject is treated with mock gravity; jocular; ironical.It is a dispute among the critics, whether burlesque poetry runs best in heroic verse, like that of the Dispensary, or in doggerel, like that of Hudibras.Addison.BurÏlesque¶ (?), n. 1. Ludicrous representation; exaggerated parody; grotesque satire.Burlesque is therefore of two kinds; the first represents mean persons in the accouterments of heroes, the other describes great persons acting and speaking like the basest among the people.Addison.2. An ironical or satirical composition intended to excite laughter, or to ridicule anything.The dull burlesque appeared with impudence,And pleased by novelty in spite of sense.Dryden.3. A ludicrous imitation; a caricature; a travesty; a gross perversion.Who is it that admires, and from the heart is attached to, national representative assemblies, but must turn with horror and disgust from such a profane burlesque and abominable perversion of that sacred institute?Burke.Syn. - Mockery; farce; travesty; mimicry.BurÏlesque¶ (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Burlesqued (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Burlesquing (?).] To ridicule, or to make ludicrous by grotesque representation in action or in language.They burlesqued the prophet Jeremiah's words, and turned the expression he used into ridicule.Stillingfleet.BurÏlesque¶, v.i. To employ burlesque.BurÏles¶quer (?), n. One who burlesques.

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ØBurÏlet¶ta (?), n. [It., dim. of burla mockery. See Burlesque, a.] (Mus.) A comic operetta; a music farce.Byron.Bur¶liÏness (?), n. Quality of being burly.Bur¶ly (?), a. [OE. burlichÿstrong, excellent; perh. orig. fit for a lady's bower, hence handsome, manly, stout. Cf. Bower.] 1. Having a large, strong, or gross body; stout; lusty; Ð now used chiefly of human beings, but formerly of animals, in the sense of stately or beautiful, and of inanimate things that were huge and bulky. ½Burly sacks.¸Drayton.In his latter days, with overliberal diet, [he was] somewhat corpulent and burly.Sir T.More.Burly and big, and studious of his ease.Cowper.2. Coarse and rough; boisterous.It was the orator's own burly way of nonsense.Cowley.Bur¶man (?), n.; pl. Burmans (?). [½The softened modern M'yanÐma, M'yanÐma [native name], is the source of the European corruption Burma.¸ Balfour.] (Ethnol.) A member of the Burman family, one of the four great families Burmah; also, sometimes, any inhabitant of Burmah; a Burmese. Ð a. Of or pertaining to the Burmans or to Burmah.Bur¶ mar¶iÏgold (?). See Beggar's ticks.Bur·mese¶ (?), a. Of or pertaining to Burmah, or its inhabitants. Ð n.sing. & pl. A native or the natives of Burmah. Also (sing.), the languageÿof the Burmans.Burn (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Burned (?) or Burnt (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Burning.] [OE. bernen, brennen, v.t., early confused with beornen, birnen, v.i., AS. b‘rnan, bernan, v.t., birnan, v.i.; akin to OS. brinnan, OFries. barna, berna, OHG. brinnan, brennan, G. brennen, OD. bernen, D. branden, Dan. br‘nde, Sw. br„nna, brinna, Icel. brenna, Goth. brinnan, brannjan (in comp.), and possibly to E. fervent.] 1. To consume with fire; to reduce to ashes by the action of heat or fire; Ð frequently intensified by up: as, to burn up wood. ½We'll burn his body in the holy place.¸Shak.2. To injure by fire or heat; to change destructively some property or properties of, by undue exposure to fire or heat; to scorch; to scald; to blister; to singe; to char; to sear; as, to burn steel in forging; to burn one's face in the sun; the sun burns the grass.3. To perfect or improve by fire or heat; to submit to the action of fire or heat for some economic purpose; to destroy or change some property or properties of, by exposure to fire or heat in due degree for obtaining a desired residuum, product, or effect; to bake; as, to burn clay in making bricks or pottery; to burn wood so as to produce charcoal; to burn limestone for the lime.4. To make or produce, as an effect or result, by the application of fire or heat; as, to burn a hole; to burn charcoal; to burn letters into a block.5. To consume, injure, or change the condition of, as if by action of fire or heat; to affect as fire or heat does; as, to burn the mouth with pepper.This tyrant fever burns me up.Shak.This dry sorrow burns up all my tears.Dryden.When the cold north wind bloweth, … it devoureth the mountains, and burneth the wilderness, and consumeth the ??ass as fire.Ecclus.xliii.20, 21.6. (Surg.) To apply a cautery to; to cauterize.7. (Chem.) To cause to combine with oxygen or other active agent, with evolution of heat; to consume; to oxidize; as, a man burns a certain amount of carbon at each respiration; to burn iron in oxygen.To burn, To burn together, as two surfaces of metal (Engin.), to fuse and unite them by pouring over them a quantity of the same metal in a liquid state. Ð To burn a bowl (Game of Bowls), to displace it accidentally, the bowl so displaced being said to be burned. Ð To burn daylight, to light candles before it is dark; to waste time; to perform superfluous actions. Shak. Ð To burn one's fingers, to get one's self into unexpected trouble, as by interfering the concerns of others, speculation, etc. Ð To burn out, to destroy or obliterate by burning. ½Must you with hot irons burn out mine eyes?¸ Shak. Ð To be burned out, to suffer loss by fire, as the burning of one's house, store, or shop, with the contents. Ð To burn up, To burn down, to burn entirely.Burn, v.i. 1. To be of fire; to flame. ½The mount burned with fire.¸Deut.ix.15.2. To suffer from, or be scorched by, an excess of heat.Your meat doth burn, quoth I.Shak.3. To have a condition, quality, appearance, sensation, or emotion, as if on fire or excessively heated; to act or rage with destructive violence; to be in a state of lively emotion or strong desire; as, the face burns; to burn with fever.Did not our heart burn within us, while he talked with us by the way?Luke xxiv.32.The barge she sat in, like a burnished throne,Burned on the water.Shak.Burning with high hope.Byron.

The groan still deepens, and the combat burns. Pope. The parching air Burns frore, and cold performs the effect of fire. Milton. 4. (Chem.) To combine energetically, with evolution of heat; as, copper burns in chlorine. 5. In certain games, to approach near to a concealed object which is sought. [Colloq.] To burn out, to burn till the fuel is exhausted. Ð To burn up, To burn down, to be entirely consumed. Burn, n. 1. A hurt, injury, or effect caused by fire or excessive or intense heat. 2. The operation or result of burning or baking, as in brickmaking; as, they have a good burn. 3. A disease in vegetables. See Brand, n., 6. Burn, n. [See 1st Bourn.] A small stream. [Scot.] Burn¶aÏble (?), a. Combustible. Cotgrave. Burned (?), p.p. & a. See Burnt. Burned (?), p.p. Burnished. [Obs.] Chaucer. Burn¶er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, burns or sets fire to anything. 2. The part of a lamp, gas fixture, etc., where the flame is produced. Bunsen's burnerÿ(Chem.), a kind of burner, invented by Professor Bunsen of Heidelberg, consisting of a straight tube, four or five inches in length, having small holes for the entrance of air at the bottom. Illuminating gas being also admitted at the bottom, a mixture of gas and air is formed which burns at the top with a feebly luminous but intensely hot flame. Ð Argand burner, Rose burner, etc. See under Argand, Rose, etc. Bur¶net (?), n. [OE. burnet burnet; also, brownish (the plant perh. being named from its color), fr. F. brunet, dim. of brun brown; cf. OF. brunete a sort of flower. See Brunette.] (Bot.) A genus of perennial herbs (Poterium); especially, P.Sanguisorba, the common, or garden, burnet. Burnet moth (Zo”l.), in England, a handsome moth (Zyg‘na filipendula), with crimson spots on the wings. Ð Burnet saxifrage. (Bot.) See Saxifrage. Ð Canadian burnet, a marsh plant (Poterium Canadensis). Ð Great burnet, Wild burnet, Poterium (or Sanguisorba) oficinalis. Bur¶nettÏize (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Burnettized (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Burnettizing.] (Manuf.) To subject (wood, fabrics, etc.) to a process of saturation in a solution of chloride of zinc, to prevent decay; Ð a process invented by Sir William Burnett. Burn¶ie (?), n. [See 4th Burn.] A small brook. [Scot.] Burns. Bur¶nieÏbee· (?), n. The ladybird. [Prov. Eng.] Burn¶ing, a. 1. That burns; being on fire; excessively hot; fiery. 2. Consuming; intense; inflaming; exciting; vehement; powerful; as, burning zeal. Like a young hound upon a burning scent. Dryden. Burning bush (Bot.), an ornamental shrub (Eunoymus atropurpureus), bearing a crimson berry. Burn¶ing, n. The act of consuming by fire or heat, or of subjecting to the effect of fire or heat; the state of being on fire or excessively heated. Burning fluid, any volatile illuminating oil, as the lighter petroleums (naphtha, benzine), or oil of turpentine (camphine), but esp. a mixture of the latter with alcohol. Ð Burning glass, a conxex lens of considerable size, used for producing an intense heat by converging the sun's rays to a focus. Ð Burning houseÿ(Metal.), the furnace in which tin ores are calcined, to sublime the sulphur and arsenic from the pyrites. Weale. Ð Burning mirror, a concave mirror, or a combination of plane mirrors, used for the same purpose as a burning glass. Syn. - Combustion; fire; conflagration; flame; blaze. Bur¶nish (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Burnished (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Burnishing.] [OE. burnischen, burnissen, burnen, OF. burnir, brunir, to make brown, polish, F. brunir, fr. F. brun brown, fr. OHG. br?n; cf. MHG. briunen 8make brown, polish. See Brown, a.] To cause to shine; to make smooth and bright; to polish; specifically, to polish by rubbing with something hard and smooth; as, to burnish brass or paper. The frame of burnished steel, that east a glare From far, and seemed to thaw the freezing air. Dryden. Now the village windows blaze, Burnished by the setting sun. Cunningham. Burnishing machine, a machine for smoothing and polishing by compression, as in making paper collars. Bur¶nish, v.i. To shine forth; to brighten; to become smooth and glossy, as from swelling or filling out; hence, to grow large. A slender poet must have time to grow, And spread and burnish as his brothers do. Dryden. My thoughts began to burnish, sprout, and swell. Herbert. Bur¶nish, n. The effect of burnishing; gloss; brightness; luster. Crashaw. Bur¶nishÏer (?), n. 1. One who burnishes. 2. A tool with a hard, smooth, rounded end or surface, as of steel, ivory, or agate, used in smoothing or polishing by rubbing. It has a variety of forms adapted to special uses. Bur¶noose, Bur¶nous (?), n. [Ar. burnus a kind of highÐcrowned cap: cf. F. bournous, burnous, Sp. alÐbornoz, a sort of upper garment, with a hood attached.] 1. A cloaklike garment and hood woven in one piece, worn by Arabs. 2. A combination cloak and hood worn by women. [Variously written bournous, bernouse, bornous, etc.] Burn¶stic·kle (?), n. (Zo”l.) A stickle?back (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Burnt (?), p.p. & a. Consumed with, or as with, fire; scorched or dried, as with fire or heat; baked or hardened in the fire or the sun. Burnt ear, a black, powdery fungus which destroys grain. See Smut. Ð Burnt offering, something offered and burnt on an altar, as an atonement for sin; a sacrifice. The offerings of the Jews were a clean animal, as an ox, a calf, a goat, or a sheep; or some vegetable substance, as bread, or ears of wheat or barley. Called also burnt sacrifice. [2 Sam.xxiv.22.] Burr (?), n. [See Bur.] (Bot.) 1. A prickly seed vessel. See Bur, 1. 2. The thin edge or ridge left by a tool in cutting or shaping metal, as in turning, engraving, pressing, etc.; also, the rough neck left on a bullet in casting. The graver, in plowing furrows in the surface of the copper, raises corresponding ridges or burrs. Tomlinson. 3. A thin flat piece of metal, formed from a sheet by punching; a small washer put on the end of a rivet before it is swaged down. 4. A broad iron ring on a tilting lance just below the gripe, to prevent the hand from slipping. 5. The lobe or lap of the ear. 6. [Probably of imitative origin.] A guttural pronounciation of the letter r, produced by trilling the extremity of the soft palate against the back part of the tongue; rotacism; Ð often called the Newcastle, Northumberland, or Tweedside, burr. 7. The knot at the bottom of an antler. See Bur, n., 8. Burr (?), v.i. [imp. & p.p. Burred (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Burring.] To speak with burr; to make a hoarse or guttural murmur. Mrs. Browning. Bur¶rel (?), n. [Cf. OF. burel reddish (cf. Borel, n.), or F. beurr‚ butter pear, fr. beurre butter. Cf. Butter.] A sort of pear, called also the red butter pear, its smooth, delicious, soft pulp. Bur¶rel, n. Same as Borrel. Bur¶rel fly· (?). [From its reddish color. See 1st Burrel.] (Zo”l.) The botfly or gadfly of cattle (Hypoderma bovis). See Gadfly. Bur¶rel shot· (?). [Either from annoying the enemy like a burrel fly, or, less probably, fr. F. bourrelerÿto sting, torture.] (Gun.) A mixture of shot, nails, stones, pieces of old iron, etc., fired from a cannon at short range, in an emergency. [R.] Burr¶ing maÏchine¶ (?). A machine for cleansing wool of burs, seeds, and otherÿsubstances. Burr¶ mill¶stone· (?). See Buhrstone. Bur¶ro (?), n. [Sp., an ass.] (Zo”l.) A donkey. [Southern U.S.] Bur¶rock (?), n. [Perh. from AS. burg, burh, hill + Ïock.] A small weir or dam in a river to direct the stream to gaps where fish traps are placed. Knight. Bur¶row (?), n. [See 1st Borough.] 1. An incorporated town. See 1st Borough. 2. A shelter; esp. a hole in the ground made by certain animals, as rabbits, for shelter and habitation. 3. (Mining) A heap or heaps of rubbish or refuse. 4. A mound. See 3d Barrow, and Camp, n., 5. Bur¶row, v.i. [imp. & p.p. Burrowed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Burrowing.] 1. To excavate a hole to lodge in, as in the earth; to lodge in a hole excavated in the earth, as conies or rabbits. 2. To lodge, or take refuge, in any deep or concealed place; to hide. Sir, this vermin of court reporters, when they are forced into day upon one point, are sure to burrow in another. Burke. Burrowing owlÿ(Zo”l.), a small owl of the western part of North America (Speotyto cunicularia), which lives in holes, often in company with the prairie dog. Bur¶rowÏer (?), n. One who, or that which, burrows; an animal that makes a hole under groundÿand lives in it. Burr¶stone·, n. See Buhrstone. Burr¶y (?), a. Abounding in burs, or containing burs; resembling burs; as, burry wool. ØBur¶sa (?), n.; pl. Burs‘ (?). [L. See Burse.] (Anat.) Any sac or saclike cavity; especially, one of the synovial sacs, or small spaces, often lined with synovial membrane, interposed between tendons and bony prominences. Bur¶sal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a bursa or to burs‘. Bur¶sar (?), n. [LL. bursarius, fr. bursa purse. See Burse, and cf. Purser.] 1. A treasurer, or cash keeper; a purser; as, the bursar of a college, or of a monastery. 2. A student to whom a stipend or bursary is paid for his complete or partial support. Bur¶sarÏship, n. The office of a bursar. Bur¶saÏry (?), n.; pl. Ïries (?). [LL. bursaria. See Bursar.] 1. The treasury of a college or monastery. 2. A scholarship or charitable foundation in a university, as in scotland; a sum given to enable a student to pursue his studies. ½No woman of rank or fortune but would have a bursary in her gift.¸ Southey. ØBursch (?), n.; pl. Burschen (?). [G., ultimately fr. LL. bursa. See Burse.] A youth; especially, a student in a german university. Burse (?), n. [LL. bursa, or F. bourse. See Bourse, and cf. Bursch, Purse.] 1. A purse; also, a vesicle; a pod; a hull. [Obs.] Holland. 2. A fund or foundation for the maintenance of needy scholars in their studies; also, the sum given to the beneficiaries. [Scot.] 3. (Eccl.) An ornamental case of hold the corporal when not in use. Shipley. 4. An exchange, for merchants and bankers, in the cities of continental Europe. Same as Bourse. 5. A kind of bazaar. [Obs.] She says she went to the burse for patterns. Old Play. BurÏsic¶uÏlate (?), a. [See Burse.] (Bot.) Bursiform. Bur¶siÏform (?), a. [LL. bursa purse + Ïform.] Shaped like a purse. ØBurÏsi¶tis (?), n. [NL., fr. E. bursa + Ïitis.] (Med.) Inflammation of a bursa. Burst (?), v.i. [imp. & p.p. Burst; p.pr. & vb.n. Bursting. The past participle bursten is obsolete.] [OE. bersten, bresten, AS. berstan (pers. sing. berste, imp. sing. b‘rst, imp. pl. burston, p.p. borsten); akin to D. bersten, G. bersten, OHG. brestan, OS. brestan, Icel. bresta, Sw. brista, Dan. briste. Cf. Brast, Break.] 1. To fly apart or in pieces; of break open; to yield to force or pressure, especiallyÿto a sudden and violent exertion of force, or to pressure from within; to explode; as, the boiler had burst; the buds will burst in spring. From the egg that soon Bursting with kindly rupture, forth disclosed Their callow young. Milton. Often used figuratively, as of the heart, in reference to a surcharge of passion, grief, desire, etc. No, no, my heart will burst, an if I speak: And I will speak, that so my heart may burst. Shak. 2. To exert force or pressure by which something is made suddenly to give way; to break through obstacles or limitations; hence, to appear suddenly and unexpecedly or unaccountably, or to depart in such manner; Ð usually with some qualifying adverb or preposition, as forth, out, away, into, upon, through, etc. Tears, such as angels weep, burst forth. Milton. And now you burst (ah cruel!) from my arms. Pope. A resolved villain Whose bowels suddenly burst out. Shak. We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea. Coleridge. To burst upon him like an earthquake. Goldsmith.

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Burst (?), v.t. 1. To break or rend by violence, as by an overcharge or by strain or pressure, esp. from within; to force open suddenly; as, to burst a cannon; to burst a blood vessel; to burst open the doors. My breast I'll burst with straining of my courage. Shak. 2. To break. [Obs.] You will not pay for the glasses you have burst? Shak. He burst his lance against the sand below. Fairfax (Tasso). 3. To produce as an effect of bursting; as, to burst a hole through the wall. Bursting charge. See under Charge. Burst, n. 1. A sudden breaking forth; a violent rending; an explosion; as, a burst of thunder; a burst of applause; a burst of passion; a burst of inspiration. Bursts of foxÐhunting melody. W.Irving. 2. Any brief, violent evertion or effort; a spurt; as, a burst of speed. 3. A sudden opening, as of landscape; a stretch; an expanse. [R.] ½A fine burst of country.¸ Jane Austen. 4. A rupture of hernia; a breach. Burst¶en (?), p.p. of Burst, v.i. [Obs.] Burst¶er (?), n. One that bursts. Burst¶wort· (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Herniaria glabra) supposed to be valuable for the cure of hernia or rupture. Burt (?), n. (Zo”l.) See Birt. [Prov. Eng.] Bur¶then (?), n. & v.t. See Burden. [Archaic] Bur¶ton (?), n. [Cf. OE. & Prov. E. bortÿto press or indent anything.] (Naut.) A peculiar tackle, formed of two or more blocks, or pulleys, the weight being suspended of a hook block in the bight of the running part. Bur¶y (?), n. [See 1st Borough.] 1. A borough; a manor; as, the Bury of St. Edmond's; Ð used as a termination of names of places; as, Canterbury, Shrewsbury. 2. A manor house; a castle. [Prov. Eng.] To this very day, the chief house of a manor, or the lord's seat, is called bury, in some parts of England. Miege. Bur¶y (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Buried (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Burying (?).] [OE. burien, birien, berien, AS. byrgan; akin to beorgan to protect, OHG. bergan, G. bergen, Icel. bjarga, Sw. berga, Dan. bierge, Goth. ba¡rgan. û95. Cf. Burrow.] 1. To cover out of sight, either by heaping something over, or by placing within something, as earth, etc.; to conceal by covering; to hide; as, to bury coals in ashes; to bury the face in the hands. And all their confidence Under the weight of mountains buried deep. Milton. 2. Specifically: To cover out of sight, as the body of a deceased person, in a grave, a tomb, or the ocean; to deposit (a corpse) in its resting place,ÿwith funeral ceremonies; to inter; to inhume. Lord, suffer me first to go and bury my father. Matt.viii.21. I'll bury thee in a triumphant grave. Shak. 3. To hide in oblivion; to put away finally; to abandon; as, to bury strife. Give me a bowl of wine In this I bury all unkindness, Cassius. Shak. Burying beetleÿ(Zo”l.), the general name of many species of beetles, of the tribe Necrophaga; the sexton beetle; Ð so called from their habit of burying small dead animals by digging away the earth beneath them. The larv‘ frrd upon decaying flesh, and are useful scavengers. Ð To bury the hatchet, to lay aside the instruments of war, and make peace; Ð a phrase used in allusion to the custom observed by the North American Indians, of burying a tomahawk when they conclude a peace. Syn. - To intomb; inter; inhume; inurn; hide; cover; conceal; overwhelm; repress. Bur¶yÏing ground·, Bur¶yÏing place. The ground or place for burying the dead; burial place. Bus (?), n. [Abbreviated from omnibus.] An omnibus. [Colloq.] Bus¶by (?), n.; pl. Busbies (?). (Mil.) A military headdress or cap, used in the British army. It is of fur, with a bag, of the same color as the facings of the regiment, hanging from the top over the right shoulder. ØBus¶con (?), n. [Sp., a searcher, fr. buscar to search.] One who searches for ores; a prospector. [U.S.] Bush (?), n. [OE. bosch, busch, buysch, bosk, busk; akin to D. bosch, OHG. busc, G. busch, Icel. b?skr, b?ski, Dan. busk, Sw. buske, and also to LL. boscus, buscus, Pr. bosc, It. bosco, Sp. & Pg. bosque, F. bois, OF. bos. Whether the LL. or G. form i? the original is uncertain; if the LL., it is perh. from the same source as E. box a case. Cf. Ambush, Boscage, Bouquet, Box a case.] 1. A thicket, or place abounding in trees or shrubs; a wild forest. µ This was the original sense of the word, as in the Dutch bosch, a wood, and was so used by Chaucer. In this sense it is extensively used in the British colonies, especially at the Cape of Good Hope, and also in Australia and Canada; as, to live or settle in the bush. 2. A shrub; esp., a shrub with branches rising from or near the root; a thick shrub or a cluster of shrubs. To bind a bush of thorns among sweetÐsmelling flowers. Gascoigne. 3. A shrub cut off, or a shrublike branch of a tree; as, bushes to support pea vines. 4. A shrub or branch, properly, a branchÿof ivy (as sacred to Bacchus), hung out at vintners' doors, or as a tavern sign; hence, a tavern sign, and symbolically, the tavern itself. If it be true that good wine needs no bush, 't is true that a good play needs no epilogue. Shak. 5. (Hunting) The tail, or brush, of a fox. To beat about the bush, to approach anything in a roundÐabout manner, instead of coming directly to it; Ð a metaphor taken from hunting. Ð Bush beanÿ(Bot.), a variety of bean which is low and requires no support (Phaseolus vulgaris, variety nanus). See Bean, 1. Ð Bush buck, or Bush goat (Zo”l.), a beautiful South African antelope (Tragelaphus sylvaticus); Ð so called because found mainly in wooden localities. The name is also applied to otherÿspecies. Ð Bush cat (Zo”l.), the serval. See Serval. Ð Bush chat (Zo”l.), a bird of the genus Pratincola, of the Thrush family. Ð Bush dog. (Zo”l.) See Potto. Ð Bush hammer. See Bushhammer in the Vocabulary. Ð Bush harrow (Agric.) See under Harrow. Ð Bush hog (Zo”l.), a South African wild hog (PotamochÒrus Africanus); Ð called also bush pig, and water hog. Ð Bush master (Zo”l.), a venomous snake (Lachesis mutus) of Guinea; Ð called also surucucu. Ð Bush pea (Bot.), a variety of pea that needs to be bushed. Ð Bush shrike (Zo”l.), a bird of the genus Thamnophilus, and allied genera; Ð called also batarg. Many species inhabit tropical America. Ð Bush titÿ(Zo”l.), a small bird of the genus Psaltriparus, allied to the titmouse. P. minimus inhabits California. Bush (?), v.i. To branch thickly in the manner of a bush. ½The bushing alders.¸ Pope. Bush, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bushed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bushing.] 1. To set bushes for; to support with bushes; as, to bush peas. 2. To use a bush harrow on (land), for covering seeds sown; to harrow with a bush; as, to bush a piece of land; to bush seeds into the ground. Bush, n. [D. bus a box, akin to E. box; or F. boucher to plug.] 1. (Mech.) A lining for a hole to make it smaller; a thimble or ring of metal or wood inserted in a plate or other part of machinery to receive the wear of a pivot or arbor. Knight. µ In the larger machines, such a piece is called a box, particularly in the United States. 2. (Gun.) A piece of ??pper, screwed into a gun, through which the venthole is bored. Farrow. Bush, v.t. To furnish with a bush, or lining; as, to bush a pivot hole. Bush¶boy (?), n. See Bushman. Bush¶el (?), n. [OE. buschel, boischel, OF. boissel, bussel, boistel, F. boisseau, LL. bustellus; dim. of bustia, buxida (OF. boiste), fr. pyxida, acc. of L. pyxis box, Gr. ?. Cf. Box.] 1. A dry measure, containing four pecks, eight gallons, or thirtyÐtwo quarts. µ The Winchester bushel, formerly used in England, contained 2150.42 cubic inches, being the volume of a cylinder 18? inches in internal diameter and eight inches in depth. The standard bushel measures, prepared by the United States Government and distributed to the States, hold each 77.6274 pounds of distilled water, at 39.8ø Fahr. and 30 inches atmospheric pressure, being the equivalent of the Winchester bushel. The imperial bushel now in use in England is larger than the Winchester bushel, containing 2218.2 cubic inches, or 80 pounds of water at 62ø Fahr. 2. A vessel of the capacity of a bushel, used in measuring; a bushel measure. Is a candle brought to be put under a bushel, or under a bed, and not to be set on a candlestick? Mark iv.21. 3. A quantity that fills a bushel measure; as, a heap containing ten bushels of apples. µ In the United States a large number of articles, bought and sold by the bushel, are measured by weighing, the number of pounds that make a bushel being determined by State law or by local custom. For some articles, as apples, potatoes, etc., heaped measure is required in measuring a bushel. 4. A large indefinite quantity. [Colloq.] The worthies of antiquity bought the rarest pictures with bushels of gold, without counting the weight or the number of the pieces. Dryden. 5. The iron lining in the nave of a wheel. [Eng.] In the United States it is called a box. See 4th Bush. Bush¶elÏage (?), n. A duty payable on commodities by the bushel. [Eng.] Bush¶elÏman (?), n. A tailor's assistant for repairing garments; Ð called also busheler. [Local, U.S.] Bush¶et (?), n. [See Bosket.] A small bush. Bush¶fight·er (?), n. One accustomed to bushfighting. Parkman. Bush¶fight·ing (?), n. Fighting in the bush, or from behind bushes, trees, or thickets. Bush¶ham·mer (?), n. A hammer with a head formed of a bundle of square bars, with pyramidal points, arranged in rows, or a solid head with a face cut into a number of rows of such points; Ð used for dressing stone. Bush¶ham·mer, v.t. To dress with bushhammer; as, to bushhammer a block of granite. Bush¶iÏness (?), n. The condition or quality of being bushy. Bush¶ing, n. [See 4th Bush.] 1. The operation of fitting bushes, or linings, into holes or places where wear is to be received, or friction diminished, as pivot holes, etc. 2. (Mech.) A bush or lining; Ð sometimes called ? thimble. See 4th Bush. Bush¶less (?), a. Free from bushes; bare. O'er the long backs of the bushless downs. Tennyson. Bush¶man (?), n.; pl. Bushmen (?). [Cf. D. boschman, boschjesman. See 1st Bush.] 1. A woodsman; a settler in the bush. 2. (Ethnol.) One of a race of South African nomads, living principally in the deserts, and not classified as allied in race or language to any other people. Bush¶ment (?), n. [OE. busshement ambush, fr. bush.] 1. A thicket; a cluster of bushes. [Obs.] Raleigh. 2. An ambuscade. [Obs.] Sir T.More. Bush¶ran·ger (?), n. One who roams, or hides, among the bushes; especially, in Australia, an escaped criminal living in the bush. Bush¶whack·er (?), n. 1. One accustomed to beat about, or travel through, bushes. [U.S.] They were gallant bushwhackers, and hunters of raccoons by moonlight. W.Irving. 2. A guerrilla; a marauding assassin; one who pretends to be a peaceful citizen, but secretly harasses a hostile force or its sympathizers. [U.S.] Farrow. Bush¶whack·ing, n. 1. Traveling, or working a way, through bushes; pulling by the bushes, as in hauling a boat along the bushy margin of a stream. [U.S.] T.Flint. 2. The crimes or warfare of bushwhackers. [U.S.] Bush¶y (?), a. [From 1st Bush.] 1. Thick and spreading, like a bush. ½Bushy eyebrows.¸ Irving. 2. Full of bushes; overgrowing with shrubs. Dingle, or bushy dell, of this wild wood. Milton. Bus¶iÏly (?), adv. In a busy manner. Busi¶ness (?), n.; pl. Businesses (?). [From Busy.] 1. That which busies one, or that which engages the time, attention, or labor of any one, as his principal concern or interest, whether for a longer or shorter time; constant employment; regular occupation; as, the business of life; business before pleasure. Wist ye not that I must be about my Father's business? Luke ii.49. 2. Any particular occupation or employment engaged in for livelihood or gain, as agriculture, trade, art, or a profession. ½The business of instruction.¸ Prescott. 3. Financial dealings; buying and selling; traffic in general; mercantile transactions. It seldom happens that men of a studious turn acquire any degree of reputation for their knowledge of business. Bp. Popteus. 4. That which one has to do or should do; special service, duty, or mission. The daughter of the King of France, On serious business, craving quick despatch, Importunes personal conference. Shak. What business has the tortoise among the clouds? L'Estrange. 5. Affair; concern; matter; Ð used in an indefinite sense, and modified by the connected words. It was a gentle business, and becoming The action of good women. Shak. Bestow Your needful counsel to our business. Shak. 6. (Drama) The position, distribution, and order of persons and properties on the stage of a theater, as determined by the stage manager in rehearsal. 7. Care; anxiety; diligence. [Obs.] Chaucer. To do one's business, to ruin one. [Colloq.] Wycherley. Ð To make (a thing) one's business, to occupy one's self with a thing as a special charge or duty. [Colloq.] Ð To mean business, to be earnest. [Colloq.] Syn. - Affairs; concern; transaction; matter; engagement; employment; calling; occupation; trade; profession; vocation; office; duty. Busi¶nessÏlike· (?), a. In the manner of one transacting business wisely and by right methods. Busk (?), n. [F. busc, perh. fr. the hypothetical older form of E. bois wood, because the first busks were made of wood. See Bush, and cf. OF. busche, F. b–che, a piece or log of wood, fr. the same root.] A thin, elastic strip of metal, whalebone, wood, or other material, worn in the front of a corset. Her long slit sleeves, stiff busk, puff verdingall, Is all that makes her thus angelical. Marston. Busk, v.t. & i. [imp. & p.p. Busked (?).] [OE. busken, fr. Icel. b?ask to make one's self ready, rexlexive of b?a to prepare, dwell. Cf. 8th Bound.] 1. To prepare; to make ready; to array; to dress. [Scot. & Old Eng.] Busk you, busk you, my bonny, bonny bride. Hamilton. 2. To go; to direct one's course. [Obs.] Ye might have busked you to Huntly banks. Skelton. Busked (?), a. Wearing a busk. Pollok. Bus¶ket (?), n. [See Bosket, Bouquet.] 1. A small bush; also, a sprig or bouquet. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. A part of a garden devoted to shrubs. [R.] Bus¶kin (?), n. [Prob. from OF. brossequin, or D. broosken. See Brodekin.] 1. A strong, protecting covering for the foot, coming some distance up the leg. The hunted red deer's undressed hide Their hairy buskins well supplied. Sir W.Scott. 2. A similar covering for the foot and leg, made with very thick soles, to give an appearance of elevation to the stature; Ð worn by tragic actors in ancient Greece and Rome. Used as a symbol of tragedy, or the tragic drama, as distinguished from comedy. Great Fletcher never treads in buskins here, No greater Jonson dares in socks appear. Dryden. Bus¶kined (?), a. 1. Wearing buskins. Her buskined virgins traced the dewy lawn. Pope. 2. Trodden by buskins; pertaining to tragedy. ½The buskined stage.¸ Milton. Bus¶ky (?), a. See Bosky, and 1st Bush, n. Shak. Buss (?), n. [OE. basse, fr. L. basium; cf. G. bus (Luther), Prov. G. busserl, dim. of bus kiss, bussen to kiss, Sw. puss kiss, pussa to kiss, W. & Gael. bus lip, mouth.] A kiss; a rude or playful kiss; a smack. Shak.

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Buss (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bussed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bussing.] To kiss; esp. to kiss with a snÏmack, or rudely. ½Nor bussed the milking maid.¸Tennyson.Kissing and bussing differ both in this,We buss our wantons, but our wives we kiss.Herrick.Buss, n. [Cf. OF. busse, Pr. bus, LL. bussa, busa, G. bse, D. buis.] (Naut.) A small strong vessel with two masts and two cabins; Ð used in the herring fishery.The Dutch whalers and herring busses.Macaulay.Bust (?), n. [F. buste, fr. It. busto; cf. LL. busta, bustula, box, of the same origin as E. box a case; cf., for the change of meaning, E. chest. See Bushel.] 1. A piece of sculpture representing the upper part of the human figure, including the head, shoulders, and breast.Ambition sighed: she found it vain to trustThe faithless column, and the crumbling bust.Pope.2. The portion of the human figure included between the head and waist, whether in statuary or in the person; the chest or thorax; the upper part of the trunk of the body.Bus¶tard (?), n. [OF. & Prov. F. bistarde, F. outarde, from L. avis tarda, lit., slow bird. Plin. 10, 22; ½proxim‘ its sunt, quas Hispania aves tardas appellat, Gr‘cia ?.¸] (Zo”l.) A birdÿof the genus Otis.µ The great or bearded bustard (Otis tarda) is the largest game bird in Europe. It inhabits the temperate regions of Europe and Asia, and was formerly common in Great Britain. The little bustard (O. tetrax) inhabits eastern Europe and Morocco. Many otherÿspecies are known in Asia and Africa.Bus¶ter (?), n. Something huge; a roistering blade; also, a spree. [Slang, U.S.]Bartlett.Bus¶tle (?), v.i. [imp. & p.p. Bustled (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bustling (?).] [Cf. OE. buskle, perh. fr. AS. bysig busy, bysgÐianÿto busy + the verbal termination Ïle; or Icel. bustla to splash, bustle.] To move noisily; to be rudely active; to move in a way to cause agitation or disturbance; as, to bustle through a crowd.And leave the world for me to bustle in.Shak.Bus¶tle, n. Great stir; agitation; tumult from stirring or excitement.A strange bustle and disturbance in the world.South.Bus¶tle, n. A kind of pad or cushion worn on the back below the waist, by women, to give fullness to the skirts; Ð called also bishop, and tournure.Bus¶tler (?), n. An active, stirring person.Bus¶tling (?), a. Agitated; noisy; tumultuous; characterized by confused activity; as, a bustling crowd. ½A bustling wharf.¸Hawthorne.ØBus¶to (?), n.; pl. Bustoes (?). [It.] A bust; a statue.With some antick bustoes in the niches.Ashmole.Bus¶y (?), a. [OE. busi, bisi, AS. bysig; akin to D. bezig, LG. besig; cf. Skr. bh?shÿto be active, busy.] 1. Engaged in some business; hard at work (either habitually or only for the time being); occupied with serious affairs; not idle nor at leisure; as, a busy merchant.Sir, my mistress sends you wordTHat she is busy, and she can not come.Shak.2. Constantly at work; diligent; active.Busy hammers closing rivets up.Shak.Religious motives … are so busy in the heart.Addison.3. Crowded with business or activities; Ð said of places and times; as, a busy street.ToÐmorrow is a busy day.Shak.4. Officious; meddling; foolish active.On meddling monkey, or on busy ape.Shak.5. Careful; anxious. [Obs.]Chaucer.Syn. - Diligent; industrious; assiduous; active; occupied; engaged.Bus¶y (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Busied (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Busying.] [AS. bysgian.] To make or keep busy; to employ; to engage or keep engaged; to occupy; as, to busy one's self with books.Be it thy course to busy giddy mindsWith foreign quarrels.Shak.Bus¶yÏbod·y (?), n.; pl. Busybodies (?). One who officiously concerns himself with the affairs of others; a meddling person.And not only idle, but tattlers also and busybodies, speaking things which they ought not.1 Tim.v.13.But (?), prep., adv. & conj. [OE. bute, buten, AS. b?tan, without, on the outside, except, besides; pref. beÏ + ?tan outward, without, fr. ?t out. Primarily, b?tan, as well as ?t, is an adverb. û198. See By, Out; cf. About.] 1. Except with; unless with; without. [Obs.]So insolent that he could not go but either spurning equals or ?ampling on his inferiors.Fuller.Touch not the cat but a glove.Motto of the Mackintoshes.2. Except; besides; save.Who can it be, ye gods! but perjured Lycon?E.Smith.µ In this sense, but is often used with other particles, as, but for, without, had it not been for. ½Uncre?ted but for love divine.¸Young.3. Excepting or excluding the fact that; save that; were it not that; unless; Ð elliptical, for but that.And but my noble Moor is true of mind … it were enough to put him to ill thinking.Shak.4. Otherwise than that; that not; Ð commonly, after a negative, with that.It cannot be but nature hatj some director, of infinite power, to guide her in all her ways.Hooker.There is no question but the king of Spain will reform most of the abuses.Addison.5. Only; solely; merely.Observe but how their own principles combat one another.Milton.If they kill us, we shall but die.2 Kings vii.4.A formidable man but to his friends.Dryden.6. On the contrary; on the other hand; only; yet; still; however; nevertheless; more; further; Ð as connective of sentences or clauses of a sentence, in a sense more or less exceptive or adversative; as, the House of Representatives passed the bill, but the Senate dissented; our wants are many, but quite of another kind.Now abideth faith hope, charity, these three; but the greatest of these is charity.1 Cor.xiii.13.When pride cometh, then cometh shame; but with the lowly is wisdom.Prov.xi.2.All but. See under All. Ð But and if, but if; an attempt on the part of King James's translators of the Bible to express the conjunctive and adversative force of the Greek ?.But and if that servant say in his heart, My lord delayeth his coming; … the lord of that servant will come in a day when he looketh not for him.Luke xii.45, 46.Ð But if, unless. [Obs.]Chaucer.But this I read, that but if remedyThou her afford, full shortly I her dead shall see.Spenser.Syn. - But, However, Still. These conjunctions mark opposition in passing from one thought or topic to another. But marks the opposition with a medium degree of strength; as, this is not winter, but it is almost as cold; he requested my assistance, but I shall not aid him at present. However is weaker, and throws the opposition (as it were) into the background; as, this is not winter; it is, however, almost as cold; he required my assistance; at present, however, I shall not afford him aid. The plan, however, is still under consideration, and may yet be adopted. Still is stronger than but, and marks the opposition more emphatically; as, your arguments are weighty; still they do not convince me. See Except, However.µ ½The chief error with but is to use it where and is enough; an error springing from the tendency to use strong words without sufficient occasio,.¸Bain.But (?), n. [Cf. But, prep., adv. & conj.] The outer apartment or kitchen of a twoÐroomed house; Ð opposed to ben, the inner room. [Scot.]But, n. [See 1st But.] 1. A limit; a boundary.2. The end; esp. the larger or thicker end, or the blunt, in distinction from the sharp, end. See 1st Butt.But end, the larger or thicker end; as, the but end of a log; the but end of a musket. See Butt, n.But, v.i. [imp. & p.p. Butted; p.pr. & vb.n. Butting.] See Butt, v., and Abut, v.Bu¶tane (?), n. [L. butyrum butter. See Butter.] (Chem.) An inflammable gaseous hydrocarbon, C?H?, of the marsh gas, or paraffin, series.Butch¶er (?), n. [OE. bochere, bochier, OF. bochier, F. boucher, orig., slaughterer of buck goats, fr. OF. boc, F. bouc, a buck goat; of German or Celtic origin. See Buck the animal.] 1. One who slaughters animals, or dresses their flesh for market; one whose occupation it is to kill animals for food.2. A slaughterer; one who kills in large numbers, or with unusual cruelty; one who causes needless loss of life, as in battle. ½Butcher of an innocent child.¸Shak.Butcher bird (Zo”l.), a species of shrike of the genus Lanius.µ The Lanius excubitor is the common butcher birdÿof Europe. In England, the bearded tit is sometimes called the lesser butcher bird. The American species are L.borealis, or northernbutcher bird, and L. Ludovicianus or loggerhead shrike. The name butcher birdis derived from its habit of suspending its prey impaled upon thorns, after killing it.Ð Butcher's meat, such flesh of animals slaughtered for food as is sold for that purpose by butchers, as beef, mutton, lamb, and pork.Butch¶er, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Butchered (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Butchering.] 1. To kill or slaughter (animals) for food, or for market; as, to butcher hogs.2. To murder, or kill, especially in an unusually bloody or barbarous manner.Macaulay.[Ithocles] was murdered, rather butchered.Ford.Butch¶erÏing, n. 1. The business of a butcher.2. The act of slaughtering; the act of killing cruelly and needlessly.That dreadful butchering of one another.Addison.Butch¶erÏliÏness (?), n. Butchery quality.Butch¶erÏly, a. Like a butcher; without compunction; savage; bloody; inhuman; fell. ½The victim of a butcherly murder.¸D.Webster.What stratagems, how fell, how butcherly,This deadly quarrel daily doth beget!Shak.Butch¶er's broom· (?). (Bot.) A genus of plants (Ruscus); esp. R. aculeatus, which has large red berries and leaflike branches. See Cladophyll.Butch¶erÏy (?), n. [OE. bocherie shambles, fr. F. boucherie. See Butcher, n.] 1. The business of a butcher. [Obs.]2. Murder or manslaughter, esp. when committed with unusual barbarity; great or cruel slaughter.Shak.The perpetration of human butchery.Prescott.3. A slaughterhouse; the shambles; a place where blood is shed. [Obs.]Like as an ox is hanged in the butchery.Fabyan.Syn. - Murder; slaughter; carnage. See Massacre.But¶ler (?), n. [OE. boteler, F. bouteillier a bottleÐbearer, a cupbearer, fr. LL. buticularius, fr. buticula bottle. See Bottle a hollow vessel.] An officer in a king's or a nobleman's household, whose principal business it is to take charge of the liquors, plate, etc.; the head servant in a large house.The butler and the baker of the king of Egypt.Gen.xl.5.Your wine locked up, your butler strolled abroad.Pope.But¶lerÏage (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) A duty of two shillings on every tun of wine imported into England by merchant strangers; Ð so called because paid to the king's butler for the king.Blackstone.But¶lerÏship, n. The office of a butler.But¶ment (?), n. [Abbreviation of Abutment.] 1. (Arch.) A buttress of an arch; the supporter, or that part which joins it to the upright pier.2. (Masonry) The mass of stone or solid work at the end of a bridge, by which the extreme arches are sustained, or by which the end of a bridge without arches is supported.Butment cheek (Carp.), the part of a mortised timber surrounding the mortise, and against which the shoulders of the tenon bear.Knight.Butt, But (?), n. [F. but butt, aim (cf. butte knoll), or bout, OF. bot, end, extremity, fr. boter, buter, to push, butt, strike, F. bouter;ÿof German origin; cf. OHG. bÓzan, akin to E. beat. See Beat, v.t.] 1. A limit; a bound; a goal; the extreme bound; the end.Here is my journey's end, here my buttAnd very sea mark of my utmost sail.Shak.µ As applied to land, the word is nearly synonymous with mete, and signifies properly the end line or boundary; the abuttal.2. The thicker end of anything. See But.3. A mark to be shot at; a target.Sir W.Scott.The groom his fellow groom at butts defies,And bends his bow, and levels with his eyes.Dryden.4. A person at whom ridicule, jest, or contempt is directed; as, the butt of the company.I played a sentence or two at my butt, which I thought very smart.Addison.5. A push, thrust, or sudden blow, given by the head of an animal; as, the butt of a ram.6. A thrust in fencing.To prove who gave the fairer butt,John shows the chalk on Robert's coat.Prior.7. A piece of land left unplowed at the end of a field.The hay was growing upon headlands and butts in cornfields.Burrill.8. (Mech.) (a) A joint where the ends of two objects come squarely together without scrafing or chamfering; Ð also called butt joint. (b) The end of a connecting rod or other like piece, to which the boxing is attached by the strap, cotter, and gib. (c) The portion of a half?coupling fastened to the end of a hose.9. (Shipbuilding) The joint where two planks in a strake meet.10. (Carp.) A kind of hinge used in hanging doors, etc.; Ð so named because fastened on the edge of the door, which butts against the casing, instead of on its face, like the strap hinge; also called butt hinge.11. (Leather Trade) The thickest and stoutest part of tanned oxhides, used for soles of boots, harness, trunks.12. The hut or shelter of the person who attends to the targets in rifle practice.Butt chain (Saddlery), a short chain attached to the end of a tug. Ð Butt end. The thicker end of anything. See Butt end, under 2d But.Amen; and make me die a good old man!That's the butt end of a mother's blessing.Shak.A butt's length, the ordinary distance from the placeÿof shooting to the butt, or mark. Ð Butts and bounds (COnveyancing), abuttals and boundaries. In lands of the ordinary rectangular shape, butts are the lines at the ends (F. bouts), and bounds are those on the sides, or sidings, as they were formerly termed. Burrill. Ð Bead and butt. See under Bead. Ð Butt and butt, joining end to end without overlapping, as planks. Ð Butt weld (Mech.), a butt joint, made by welding together the flat ends, or edges, of a piece of iron or steel, or of separate pieces, without having them overlap. See Weld. Ð Full butt, headfirst with full force. [Colloq.] ½The corporal … ran full butt at the lieutenant.¸ Marryat.Butt, v.i. [imp. & p.p. Butted; p.pr. & vb.n. Butting.] [OE. butten, OF. boterÿto push, F. bouter. See Butt an end, and cf. Boutade.] 1. To join at the butt, end, or outward extremity; to terminate; to be bounded; to abut. [Written also but.]And Barnsdale there doth butt on Don's wellÐwatered ground.Drayton.2. To thrust the head forward; to strike by thrusting the head forward, as an ox or a ram. [See Butt, n.]A snowÐwhite steer before thine altar led,Butts with his threatening brows.Dryden.Butt, v.t. To strike by thrusting the head against; to strike with the head.Two harmless lambs are butting one the other.Sir H.Wotton.Butt, n. [F. botte, boute, LL. butta. Cf. Bottle a hollow vessel.] A large cask or vessel for wine or beer. It contains two hogsheads.µ A wine butt contains 126 wine gallons (= 105 imperial gallons, nearly); a beer butt 108 ale gallons (= about 110 imperial gallons).Butt, n. (Zo”l.) The common English flounder.ØButte (?), n. [F. See Butt a bound.] A detached low mountain, or high rising abruptly from the general level of the surrounding plain; Ð applied to peculiar elevations in the Rocky Mountain region.The creek … passes by two remarkable buttes of red conglomerate.Ruxton.

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But¶ter (?), n. [OE. botere, butter, AS. butere, fr. L. butyrum, Gr. ?; either fr. ? ox, cow + ? cheese; or, perhaps, of Scythian origin. Cf. Cow.] 1. An oily, unctuous substance obtained from cream or milk by churning.2. Any substance resembling butter in degree of consistence, or other qualities, especially, in old chemistry, the chloridess, as butter of antimony, sesquichloride of antimony; also, certain concrete fat oils remaining nearly solid at ordinary temperatures, as butter of cacao, vegetable butter, shea butter.Butter and eggs (Bot.), a name given to several plants having flowers of two shades of yellow, as Narcissus incomparabilis, and in the United States to the toadflax (Linaria vulgaris). Ð Butter boat, a small vessel for holding melted butter at table. Ð Butter flower, the buttercup, a yellow flower. Ð Butter print, a piece of carved wood used to mark pats of butter; Ð called also butter stamp. Locke. Ð Butter tooth, either of the two middle incisors of the upper jaw. Ð Butter treeÿ(Bot.), a tree of the genus Bassia, the seeds of which yield a substance closely resembling butter. The butter tree of India is the B. butyracea; that of Africa is the Shea tree (B. Parkii). See Shea tree. Ð Butter trier, a tool used in sampling butter. Ð Butter wife, a woman who makes or sells butter; Ð called also butter woman. [Obs. or Archaic]But¶ter, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Buttered (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Buttering.] 1. To cover or spread with butter.I know what's what. I know on which sideMy bread is buttered.Ford.2. To increase, as stakes, at every throw or every game. [Cant]Johnson.Butt¶er (?), n. One who, or that which, butts.But¶terÏball· (?), n. (Zo”l.) The buffel duck.But¶terÏbird· (?), n. (Zo”l.) The rice bunting or bobolink; Ð so called in the island of Jamaica.But¶terÏbump· (?), n. [OE. butturÿthe bittern + 5th bump.] (Zo”l.) The European bittern.Johnson.But¶terÏbur· (?), n. (Bot.) A broadÐleaved plant (Petasites vulgaris) of the Composite family, said to have been used in England for wrapping up pats of butter.But¶terÏcup· (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Ranunculus, or crowfoot, particularly R. bulbosus, with bright yellow flowers; Ð called also butterflower, golden cup, and kingcup. It is the cuckoobud of Shakespeare.But¶terÐfin·gered (?), a. Apt to let things fall, or to let them slip away; slippery; careless.But¶terÏfish· (?), n. (Zo”l.) A name given to several different fishes, in allusion to their slippery coating of mucus, as the Stromateus triacanthus of the Atlantic coast, the Epinephelus punctatus of the southern coast, the rock eel, and the kelpfish of New Zealand.But¶terÏfly· (?), n.; pl. Butterflies (?). [Perh. from the color of a yellow species. AS. buterÐflÇge, buttorÐfle¢ge; cf. G. butterfliege, D. botervlieg. See Butter, and Fly.] (Zo”l.) A general name for the numerous species of diurnal Lepidoptera. [ See Illust. under Aphrodite.]Asclepias butterfly. See under Asclepias. Ð Butterfly fishÿ(Zo”l.), the ocellated blenny (Blennius ocellaris) of Europe. See Blenny. The term is also applied to the flying gurnard. Ð Butterfly shellÿ(Zo”l.), a shell of the genus Voluta. Ð Butterfly valve (Mech.), a kind of double clack valve, consisting of two semicircular clappers or wings hinged to a cross rib in the pump bucket. When open it somewhat resembles a butterfly in shape.But¶terÏine (?), n. A substance prepared from animal fat with some other ingredients intermixed, as an imitation of butter.The manufacturers ship large quantities of oleomargarine to England, Holland, and other countries, to be manufactured into butter, which is sold as butterine or suine.Johnson's Cyc.But¶terÏis (?), n. [The same word as buttress, noun, in a different application, F. bouter to push.] (Far.) A steel cutting instrument, with a long bent shank set in a handle which rests against the shoulder of the operator. It is operated by a thrust movement, and used in paring the hoofs of horses.But¶terÏman· (?), n.; pl. Buttermen (?). A man who makes or sells butter.But¶terÏmilk· (?), n. The milk that mains after the butter is separated from the cream.But¶terÏnut· (?), n. 1. (Bot.) An American tree (Juglans cinerea) of the Walnut family, and its edible fruit; Ð so called from the oil contained in the latter. Sometimes called oil nutÿand white walnut.2. (Bot.) The nut of the Caryocar butyrosumÿand C. nuciferum, of S. America; Ð called also Souari nut.But¶terÐscotch· (?), n. A kind of candy, mainly composed of sugar and butter. [Colloq.]Dickens.But¶terÏweed· (?), n. (Bot.) An annual composite plant of the Mississippi valley (Senecio lobatus).But¶terÏweight· (?), n. Over weight.Swift.µ Formerly it was a custom to give 18 ounces of butter for a pound.But¶terÏwort· (?), n. (Bot.) A genus of low herbs (Pinguicula) having simple leaves which secrete from their glandular upper surface a viscid fluid, to which insects adhere, after which the margin infolds and the insects are digested by the plant. The species are found mostly in the North Temperate zone.But¶terÏy (?), a. Having the qualities, consistence, or appearance, of butter.But¶terÏy, n.; pl. Butteries (?). [OE. botery, botry; cf. LL. botaria wine vessel; also OE. botelerie, fr. F. bouteillerie, fr. boutellie bottle. Not derived from butter. See Bottle a hollow vessel, Butt a cask.] 1. An apartment in a house where butter, milk and other provisions are kept.All that need a cool and fresh temper, as cellars, pantries, and butteries, to the north.Sir H.Wotton.2. A room in some English colleges where liquors, fruit, and refreshments are kept for sale to the students.And the major Oxford kept the buttery bar.E.Hall.3. A cellar in which butts of wine are kept.Weale.Buttery hatch, a half door between the buttery or kitchen and the hall, in old mansions, over which provisions were passed.Wright.Butt¶ hinge· (?). See 1st Butt, 10.But¶Ðthorn· (?), n. (Zo”l.) The common European starfish (Asterias rubens).But¶ting (?), n. An abuttal; a boundary.Without buttings or boundings on any side.Bp. Beveridge.But¶ting joint·. A joint between two pieces of timber or wood, at the end of one or both, and either at right angles or oblique to the grain, as the joints which the struts and braces form with the truss posts; Ð sometimes called abutting joint.Butt¶ joint· (?). A joint in which the edges or ends of the pieces united come squarely together instead of overlapping. See 1st Butt, 8.But¶tock (?), n. [From Butt an end.] 1. The part at the back of the hip, which, in man, forms one of the rounded protuberances on which he sits; the rump.2. (Naut.) The convexity of a ship behind, under the stern.Mar. Dict.But¶ton (?), n. [OE. boton, botoun, F. bouton button, bud, prop. something pushing out, fr. bouterÿto push. See Butt an end.] 1. A knob; a small ball; a small, roundish mass.2. A catch, of various forms and materials, used to fasten together the different parts of dress, by being attached to one part, and passing through a slit, called a buttonhole, in the other; Ð used also for ornament.3. A bud; a germ of a plant.Shak.4. A piece of wood or metal, usually flat and elongated, turning on a nail or screw, to fasten something, as a door.5. A globule of metal remaining onan assay cupel or in a crucible, after fusion.Button hook, a hook for catching a button and drawing it through a buttonhole, as in buttoning boots and gloves. Ð Button shellÿ(Zo”l.), a small, univalve marine shell of the genus Rotella. Ð Button snakeroot. (Bot.) (a) The American composite genus Liatris, having rounded buttonlike heads of flowers. (b) An American umbelliferous plant with rigid, narrow leaves, and flowers in dense heads. Ð Button tree (Bot.), a genus of trees (Conocarpus), furnishing durable timber, mostly natives of the West Indies. Ð To hold by the button, to detain in conversation to weariness; to bore; to buttonhole.But¶ton, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Buttoned (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Buttoning (?).] [OE. botonen, OF. botoner, F. boutonner. See Button, n.] 1. To fasten with a button or buttons; to inclose or make secure with buttons; Ð often followed by up.He was a tall, fat, longÐbodied man, buttoned up to the throat in a tight green coat.Dickens.2. To dress or clothe. [Obs.]Shak.But¶ton, v.i. To be fastened by a button or buttons; as, the coat will not button.But¶tonÏball· (?), n. (Bot.) See Buttonwood.But¶tonÏbush· (?), n. (Bot.) A shrub (Cephalanthus occidentalis) growing by the waterside; Ð so called from its globular head of flowers. See Capitulum.But¶tonÏhole· (?), n. The hole or loop in which a button is caught.But¶tonÏhole·, v.t. To hold at the button or buttonhole; to detain in conversation to werariness; to bore; as, he buttonholed me a quarter of an hour.But¶tonÏmold· (?), n. A disk of bone, wood, or other material, which is made into a button by covering it with cloth. [Written also buttonmould.]Fossil buttonmolds, joints of encrinites. See Encrinite.But¶tons (?), n. A boy servant, or page, Ð in allusion to the buttons on his livry. [Colloq.]Dickens.But¶tonÏweed· (?), n. (Bot.) The name of several plants of the genera Spermacoce and Diodia, of the Madder family.But¶tonÏwood· (?), n. (Bot.) The Platanus occidentalis, or American plane tree, a large tree, producing rough balls, from which it is named; Ð called also buttonball tree, and, in some parts of the United States, sycamore. The California buttonwood is P. racemosa.But¶tonÏy (?), a. Ornamented with a large number of buttons. ½The buttony boy.¸ Thackeray. ½My coat so blue and buttony.¸W.S.Gilbert.But¶tress (?), n. [OE. butrasse, boterace, fr. F. bouterÿto push; cf. OF. bouteret (nom. sing. and acc. pl. bouterez) buttress. See Butt an end, and cf. Butteris.] 1. (Arch.) A projecting mass of masonry, used for resisting the thrust of an arch, or for ornament and symmetry.µ When an external projection is used merely to stiffen a wall, it is a pier.2. Anything which supports or strengthens. ½The ground pillar and buttress of the good old cause of nonconformity.¸South.Flying buttress. See Flying buttress.But¶tress (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Buttressed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Buttressing.] To support with a buttress; to prop; to brace firmly.To set it upright again, and to prop and buttress it up for duration.Burke.Butt¶ shaft· (?) An arrow without a barb, for shooting at butts; an arrow. [Also but shaft.]Shak.Butt¶ weld· (?). See Butt weld, under Butt.Butt¶weld·, v.t. To unite by a butt weld.But¶ty (?), n. (Mining) One who mines by contract, at so much per ton of coal or ore.Bu¶tyl (?), n. [L. butyrum butter + Ïyl. See Butter.] (Chem.) A compound radical, regarded as butane, less one atom of hydrogen.Bu¶tyÏlene (?), n. [From Butyl.] (Chem.) Any one of three metameric hydrocarbons, C?H?, of the ethylene series. They are gaseous or easily liquefiable.Bu·tyÏra¶ceous (?), a. [L. butyrum butter. See Butter.] Having the qualities of butter; resembling butter.Bu¶tyÏrate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of butyric acid.BuÏtyr¶ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, butter.Butyric acid, C?H?.CO?H, an acid found in butter; an oily, limpid fluid, having the smell of rancid butter, and an acrid taste, with a sweetish aftertaste, like that of ether. There are two metameric butyric acids, called in distinction the normalÏ and isoÐbutyric acid. The normal butyric acid is the one common in rancid butter.Bu¶tyÏrin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A butyrate of glycerin; a fat contained in small quantity in milk, which helps to give to butter its peculiar flavor.Bu·tyÏrom¶eÏter (?), n. [L. butyrum butter + Ïmeter.] An instrument for determining the amount of fatty matter or butter contained in a sample of milk.Bu¶tyÏrone (?), n. [Butyric + Ïone.] (Chem.) A liquid ketone obtained by heating calcium butyrate.Bu¶tyÏrous (?), a. Butyraceous.Bux¶eÏous (?), a. [L. buxeus, fr. buxusÿthe box tree.] Belonging to the box tree.Bux¶ine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid obtained from the Buxus sempervirens, or common box tree. It is identical with bebeerine; Ð called also buxina.Bux¶om (?), a. [OE. buxum, boxom, buhsum, pliable, obedient, AS. bÓcsum, b?hsum (akin to D. buigzaam blexible, G. biegsam); b?gan to bow, bend + Ïsum, E. Ïsome. See Bowÿto bend, and Ïsome.] 1. Yielding; pliable or compliant; ready to obey; obedient; tractable; docile; meek; humble. [Obs.]So wild a beast, so tame ytaught to be,And buxom to his bands, is joy to see.Spenser.I submit myself unto this holy church of Christ, to be ever buxom and obedient to the ordinance of it.Foxe.2. Having the characteristics of health, vigor, and comeliness, combined with a gay, lively manner? stout and rosy; jolly; frolicsome.A daughter fair,So buxom, blithe, and debonair.Milton.A parcel of buxom bonny dames, that were laughing, singing, dancing, and as merry as the day was long.Tatler.Ð Bux¶omÏly, adv. Ð Bux¶omÏness, n.Buy (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bought (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Buying (?).] [OE. buggen, buggen, bien, AS. bycgan, akin to OS. buggean, Goth. bugjan.] 1. To acquire the ownership of (property) by giving an accepted price or consideration therefor, or by agreeing to do so; to acquire by the payment of a price or value; to purchase; Ð opposed to sell.Buy what thou hast no need of, and ere long thou wilt sell thy necessaries.B.Franklin.2. To acquire or procure by something given or done in exchange, literally or figuratively; to get, at a cost or sacrifice; to buy pleasure with pain.Buy the truth and sell it not; also wisdom, and instruction, and understanding.Prov.xxiii.23.To buy again. See Againbuy. [Obs.] Chaucer.Ð To buy off. (a) To influence to compliance; to cause to bend or yield by some consideration; as, to buy off conscience. (b) To detach by a consideration given; as, to buy off one from a party. Ð To buy out. (a) To buy off, or detach from. Shak. (b) To purchase the share or shares of in a stock, fund, or partnership, by which the seller is separated from the company, and the purchaser takes his place; as, A buys out B. (c) To purchase the entire stock in trade and the good will of a business. Ð To buy in, to purchase stock in any fund or partnership. Ð To buy on credit, to purchase, on a promise, in fact or in law, to make payment at a future day. Ð To buy the refusal (of anything), to give a consideration for the right of purchasing, at a fixed price, at a future time.Buy, v.i. To negotiate or treat about a purchase.I will buy with you, sell with you.Shak.Buy¶er (?), n. One who buys; a purchaser.Buz (?), v. & n. See Buzz. [Obs.]Buzz (?), v.i. [imp. & p.p. Buzzed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Buzzing.] [An onomatopÒia.] To make a low, continuous, humming or sibilant sound, like that made by bees with their wings. Hence: To utter a murmuring sound; to speak with a low, humming voice.Like a wasp is buzzed, and stung him.Longfellow.However these disturbers of our peaceBuzz in the people's ears.Shak.Buzz, v.t. 1. To sound forth by buzzing.Shak.2. To whisper; to communicate, as tales, in an under tone; to spread, as report, by whispers, or secretly.I will buzz abroad such propheciesThat Edward shall be fearful of his life.Shak.3. To talk to incessantly or confidentially in a low humming voice. [Colloq.]4. (Phonetics) To sound with a ½buzz¸.H.Sweet.Buzz, n. 1. A continuous, humming noise, as of bees; a confused murmur, as of general conversation in low

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tones, or of a general expression of surprise or approbation. ½The constant buzz of a fly.¸Macaulay.I found the whole room in a buzz of politics.Addison.There is a buzz all around regarding the sermon.Thackeray.2. A whisper; a report spread secretly or cautiously.There's a certain buzzOf a stolen marriage.Massinger.3. (Phonetics) The audible friction of voice consonants.H. Sweet.Buz¶zard(?),n.[O.E.busard,bosard,F. busard, fr. buse, L.buteo, a kind of falcon or hawk.]1. (Zo”l.) A bird of prey of the Hawk family, belonging to the genus Buteo and related genera.µ The Buteo vulgaris is the common buzzard of Europe. The American species (of which the most common are B.borealis, B.Pennsylvanicus, and B.lineatus) are usually called hen hawks.Ð The roughÐlegged buzzard, or bee hawk, of Europe (Pernis apivorus) feeds on bees and their larv‘, with other insects, and reptiles.Ð The moor buzzard of Europe is Circus ‘ruginosus. See Turkey buzzard, and Carrion buzzard.Bald buzzard, the fishhawk or osprey. See Fishhawk.2. A blockhead; a dunce.It is common, to a proverb, to call one who can not be taught, or who continues obstinately ignorant, a buzzard.Goldsmith.Buz¶zard, a. Senseless; stupid. [R.& Obs.]Milton.Buz¶zardÏet· (?), n. (Zo”l.) A hawk resembling the buzzard, but with legs relatively longer.Buzz¶er (?), n. One who, or that which, buzzes; a whisperer; a talebearer.And wants not buzzers to infect his earWith pestilent speeches of his father's death.Shak.Buzz¶ingÏly (?), adv. In a buzzing manner; with a buzzing sound.Buzz¶saw· (?) A circular saw; Ð so called from the buzzing it makes when running at full speed.By (?), prep. [ OE. bi, AS. bÆ, big, near to, by, of, from, after, according to; akin to OS.& OFries. bi, be, D. bij, OHG. bÆ, G. bie, Goth. bi, and perh. Gr.?. E. prefix beÐ is orig.the same word. ? See pref. BeÐ.]1. In the neighborhood of; near or next to; not far from; close to; along with; as, come and sit by me.By foundation or by shady rivuletHe sought them both.Milton.2. On; along; in traversing. Compare 5.Long labors both by sea and land he bore.Dryden.By land, by water, they renew the charge.Pope.3. Near to, while passing; hence, from one to the other side of; past; as, to go by a church.4. Used in specifying adjacent dimensions; as, a cabin twenty feet by forty.5. Against. [Obs.]Tyndale [1.Cor.iv.4]?6. With, as means, way, process, etc.; through means of; with aid of; through; through the act or agency of; as, a city is destroyed by fire; profit is made by commerce; to take by force.To the meaning of by, as denoting means or agency, belong, more or less closely, most of the following uses of the word: (a) It points out the author and producer; as, ½Waverley¸, a novel by Sir W.Scott; a statue by Canova; a sonata by Beethoven. (b) In an oath or adjuration, it indicates the being or thing appealed to as sanction; as, I affirm to you by all that is sacred; he swears by his faith as a Christian; no, by Heaven. (c) According to; by direction, authority, or example of; after; Ð in such phrases as, it appears by his account; ten o'clock by my watch; to live by rule; a model to build by. (d) At the rate of; according to the ratio or proportion of; in the measure or quantity of; as, to sell cloth by the yard, milk by the quart, eggs by the dozen, meat by the pound; to board by the year. (e) In comparison, it denotes the measure of excess or deficiency; when anything is increased or diminished, it indicates the measure of increase or diminution; as, larger by a half; older by five years; to lessen by a third. (f) It expresses continuance or duration; during the course of; within the period of; as, by day, by night. (g) As soon as; not later than; near or at; Ð used in expressions of time; as, by this time the sun had risen; he will be here by two o'clock.In boxing the compass, by indicates a pint nearer to, or towards, the next cardinal point; as, north by east, i.e., a point towards the east from the north; northeast by east, i.e., on point nearer the east than northeast is.µ With is used instead of by before the instrument with which anything is done; as, to beat one with a stick; the board was fastened by the carpenter with nails. But there are many words which may be regarded as means or processes, or, figuratively, as instruments; and whether with or by shall be used with them is a matter of arbitrary, and often, of unsettled usage; as, to a reduce a town by famine; to consume stubble with fire; he gained his purpose by flattery; he entertained them with a story; he distressed us with or by a recital of his sufferings. see With.By all means, most assuredly; without fail; certainly.ÐBy and by. (a) Close together (of place).[Obs.] ½Two yonge knightes liggyng [lying] by and by.¸ Chaucer. (b) Immediately; at once. [Obs.] ½When … persecution ariseth because of the word, by and by he is offended.¸ Matt. xiii.21. (c) Presently; pretty soon; before long. In this phrase, by seems to be used in the sense of nearness in time, and to be repeated for the sake of emphasis, and thus to be equivalent to ¸soon, and soon,¸ that is instantly; hence, Ð less emphatically, Ð pretty soon, presently. Ð By one's self, with only one's self near; alone; solitary.Ð By the bye. See under Bye. Ð By the head (Naut.), having the bows lower than the stern; Ðsaid of a vessel when her head is lower in the water than her stern. If her stern is lower, she is by the stern.Ð By the lee, the situation of a vessel, going free, when she has fallen off so much as to bring the wind round her stern, and to take her sails aback on the other side. Ð By the run, to let go by the run, to let go altogether, instead of slacking off. Ð By the way, by the bye; Ð used to introduce an incidental or secondary remark or subject. ÐDay by day, One by one, Piece by piece, etc., each day, each one, each piece, etc., by itself singly or separately; each severally. Ð To come by, to get possession of; to obtain.Ð To do by, to treat, to behave toward. Ð To set by, to value, to esteem. Ð To stand by, to aid, to support.µ The common phrase goodÐby is equivalent to farewell, and would be better written goodÐbye, as it is a corruption of God be with you (b'w'ye).By (?), adv. 1. Near; in the neighborhood; present; as, there was no person by at the time.2. Passing near; going past; past; beyond; as, the procession has gone by; a bird flew by.3. Aside; as, to lay by; to put by.By (?), a. Out of the common path; aside; Ð used in composition, giving the meaning of something aside, secondary, or incidental, or collateral matter, a thing private or avoiding notice; as, byÐline, byÐplace, byÐplay, byÐstreet. It was formerly more freely used in composition than it is now; as, byÐbusiness, byÐconcernment, byÐdesign, byÐinterest, etc.By¶ard (?), n. A piece of leather crossing the breast, used by the men who drag sledges in coal mines.By¶Ïbid·der (?), n. One who bids at an auction in behalf of the auctioneer or owner, for the purpose of running up the price of articles. [U.S.]By¶Ïblow· (?), n. 1. A side or incidental blow; an accidental blow.With their byÐblows they did split the very stones in pieces.Bunyan.2. An illegitimate child; a bastard.The Aga speedily … brought her [his disgraced slave] to court, together with her pretty byÐblow, the present Padre Ottomano.Evelyn.By¶Ïcor·ner (?), n. A private corner.Britain being a byÐcorner, out of the road of the world.Fuller.By¶ÏdeÏpend·ence (?), n. An appendage; that which depends on something else, or is distinct from the main dependence; an accessory.Shak.By¶Ïdrink·ing, n. A drinking between meals. [Obs.]Bye (?), n. 1. A thing not directly aimed at; something which is a secondary object of regard; an object by the way, etc.; as in on or upon the bye, i.e., in passing; indirectly; by implication. [Obs. except in the phrase by the bye.]The Synod of Dort condemneth upon the bye even the discipline of the Church of England.Fuller.2. (Cricket) A run made upon a missed ball; as, to steal a bye.T.Hughes.By the bye, in passing; by way of digression; apropos to the matter in hand. [Written also by the by.]Bye (?) n. [AS.b?; cf. Icel. byg? dwelling, byggia, b?a, to dwell ? 97.]1. A dwelling.Gibson.2. In certain games, a station or place of an individual player.Emerson.By¶ÏeÏlec¶tion (?), n. An election held by itself, not at the time of a general election.By¶Ïend· (?), n. Private end or interest; secret purpose; selfish advantage. [Written also byeÐend.]½Profit or some other byÐend.¸L'Estrange.By¶gone· (?), a. Past; gone by.½Bygone fooleries.¸ShakBy¶gone· (?), n. Something gone by or past; a past event.½Let old bygones be¸Tennyson.Let bygones be bygones, let the past be forgotten.By¶Ïin·terÏest (?), n. SelfÐinterest; private advantage.Atterbury.By¶land(?), n. A peninsula. [Obs.]By¶landÏer(?), n. See Bilander.[Obs.]By¶Ïlane·(?), n. A private lane, or one opening out of the usual road.By¶Ïlaw·(?), n. [Cf.Sw.bylag, D.bylov, Icel.b?arl”g, fr.Sw.& Dan. by town, Icel. b‘r, byr (fr. b–a to dwell)+the word for law; hence, a law for one town, a special law. Cf.Birlaw and see Law.] 1. A local or subordinate law; a private law or regulation made by a corporation for its own government.There was likewise a law to restrain the byÐlaws, or ordinances of corporations.Bacon.The law or institution; to which are added two byÐlaws, as a comment upon the general law.Addison.2. A law that is less important than a general law or constitutional provision, and subsidiary to it; a rule relating to a matter of detail; as, civic societies often adopt a constitution and byÐlaws for the government of their members. In this sense the word has probably been influenced by by, meaning secondary or aside.By¶Ïname·(?), n. A nickname.Camden.By¶name·, v.t. To give a nickname to.Camden.By¶Ïpass(?), n. (Mech.) A byÐpassage, for a pipe, or other channel, to divert circulation from the usual course.By¶Ïpas·sage (?), n. A passage different from the usual one; a byway.By¶Ïpast(?), a. Past; gone by ½ByÐpast perils.¸Shak.By¶path·(?), n.; pl. Bypaths(?). A private path; an obscure way; indirect means.God known, my son,By what bypaths, and indirect crooked ways,I met this crown.Shak.By¶Ïplace· (?), n. A retired or private place.By¶play (?), n. Action carried on aside, and commonly in dumb show, while the main action proceeds.By¶Ïprod·uct (?), n. A secondary or additional product; something produced, as in the course of a manufacture, in addition to the principal product.Byre (?), n. [Cf, Icel. br pantry, Sw. bur cage,Dan. buur, E.bower.] A cow house. [N. of Eng.& Scot.]By¶ÏreÏspect·(?), n. Private end or view; byÐinterest. [Obs.]Dryden.By¶road·(?), n. A private or obscure road. ½Through slippery byroads¸Swift.By¶Ïron·ic(?), a. Pertaining to, or in the style of, Lord Byron.With despair and Byronic misanthropy.ThackerayBy¶Ïroom·(?), n. A private room or apartment ½Stand in some byÐroom¸Shak.By¶Ïsmot·terÏed(?), p.a. [See Besmut.] Bespotted with mud or dirt. [Obs.]Chaucer.By¶Ïspeech·(?), n. An incidental or casual speech, not directly relating to the point. ½To quote byÐspeeches.¸Hooker.By¶Ïspell·(?), n. [AS. bigspell.] A proverb. [Obs.]Byss (?), n. See Byssus, n.,1.BysÏsa¶ceous(?), a. [From Byssus.] (Bot.) Byssuslike; consisting of fine fibers or threads, as some very delicate filamentous alg‘.BysÏsif¶erÏous(?), a. [Byssus + Ðferous.] Bearing a byssus or tuft.Bys¶sin (?), n. See Byssus, n,1.Bys¶sine (?), a. [L. byssinus made of byssus, Gr.? See Byssus.] Made of silk; having a silky or flaxlike appearance.Coles.Bys¶soid(?), a. [Byssus + Ðoid.] Byssaceous.Bys¶soÏlite(?), n [Gr.? See flax + Ðlite.] (Min.) An oliveÐgreen fibrous variety of hornblende.ØBys¶sus(?), n.; pl. E. Byssuses(?); L. Byssi.(?) [L. byssus fine flax, fine linen or cotton, Gr. ? .]1. A cloth of exceedingly fine texture, used by the ancients. It is disputed whether it was of cotton, linen, or silk. [Written also byss and byssin.]2.(Zo”l.) A tuft of long, tough filaments which are formed in a groove of the foot, and issue from between the valves of certain bivalve mollusks, as the Pinna and Mytilus, by which they attach themselves to rocks, etc.3. (Bot.) An obsolete name for certain fungi composed of slender threads.4. Asbestus.By¶stand·er (?), n. [By + stander, equiv. to standerÐby; cf. AS. bigÐstandan to stand by or near.] One who stands near; a spectator; one who has no concern with the business transacting.He addressed the bystanders and scattered pamphlets among them.Palfrey.Syn.ÐLooker on; spectator; beholder; observer.By¶Ïstreet·(?), n. A separate, private, or obscure street; an out of the way or cross street.He seeks byÐstreets, and saves the expensive coach.Gay.By¶Ïstroke·(?), n. An accidental or a slyly given stroke.By¶Ïturn·ing(?), n. An obscure road; a way turning from the main road.Sir P.Sidney.By¶Ïview·(?), n. A private or selfish view; selfÐinterested aim or purpose.No byÐviews of his own shall mislead him.Atterbury.By¶Ïwalk·(?), n. A secluded or private walk.He moves afterward in byÐwalks.Dryden.By¶Ïwash·(?), n. ÿThe outlet from a dam or reservoir; also, a cut to divert the flow of water.By¶way·(?), n. A secluded, private, or obscure way; a path or road aside from the main one. ½ Take no byways.¸Herbert.By¶Ïwipe·(?), n. A secret or side stroke, as of raillery or sarcasm.Milton.

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