Chapter 4

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2. To deposit money in a bank; to have an account with a banker. Bank¶aÏble (?), a. Receivable at a bank. Bank¶ bill·(?). 1. In America ( and formerly in England), a promissory note of a bank payable to the bearer on demand, and used as currency; a bank note. 2. In England, a note, or a bill of exchange, of a bank, payable to order, and usually at some future specified time. Such bills are negotiable, but form, in the strict sense of the term, no part of the currency. Bank¶ book· (?). A book kept by a depositor, in which an officer of a bank enters the debits and credits of the depositor's account with the bank. Bank¶er (?), n.[ See the nouns Bank and the verbs derived from them.] 1. One who conducts the business of banking; one who, individually, or as a member of a company, keeps an establishment for the deposit or loan of money, or for traffic in money, bills of exchange, etc. 2. A money changer. [Obs.] 3. The dealer, or one who keeps the bank in a gambling house. 4. A vessel employed in the cod fishery on the banks of Newfoundland. Grabb. J.Q. Adams. 5. A ditcher; a drain digger. [Prov. Eng.] 6. The stone bench on which masons cut or square their work. Weale. Bank¶erÏess (?), n. A female banker. Thackeray. Bank¶ing, n. The business of a bank or of a banker. Banking house, an establishment or office in which, or a firm by whom, banking is done. Bank¶ note· (?). 1. A promissory note issued by a bank or banking company, payable to bearer on demand. µ In the United States popularly called a bank bill. 2. Formerly, a promissory note made by a banker, or banking company, payable to a specified person at a fixed date; a bank bill. See Bank bill, 2. [Obs.] 3. A promissory note payable at a bank. Bank¶ruptÿ(?), n. [F. banqueroute, fr. It. bancarotta bankruptcy; banca bank (fr. OHG. banch, G. bank, bench) + rotta broken, fr. L. ruptus, p.p. of rumpere to break. At Florence, it is said, the bankrupt had his bench ( i.e., money table) broken. See 1st Bank, and Rupture, n.] 1. (Old Eng. Low) A trader who secretes himself, or does certain other acts tending to defraud his creditors. Blackstone. 2. A trader who becomes unable to pay his debts; an insolvent trader; popularly, any person who is unable to pay his debts; an insolvent person. M?Culloch. 3. (Law) A person who, in accordance with the terms of a law relating to bankruptcy, has been judicially declared to be unable to meet his liabilities. µ In England, until the year 1861 none but a ½trader¸ could be made a bankrupt; a nonÐtrader failing to meet his liabilities being an ½insolvent¸. But this distinction was abolished by the Bankruptcy Act of 1861. The laws of 1841 and 1867 of the United States relating to bankruptcy applied this designation bankrupt to others besides those engaged in trade. Bank¶rupt, a. 1. Being a bankrupt or in a condition of bankruptcy; unable to pay, or legally discharged from paying, one's debts; as, a bankrupt merchant. 2. Depleted of money; not having the means of meeting pecuniary liabilities; as, a bankrupt treasury. 3. Relating to bankrupts and bankruptcy. 4. Destitute of, or wholly wanting (something once possessed, or something one should possess). ½Bankrupt in gratitude.¸ Sheridan. Bankrupt law, a law by which the property of a person who is unable or unwilling to pay his debts may be taken and distributed to his creditors, and by which a person who has made a full surrender of his property, and is free from fraud, may be discharged from the legal obligation of his debts. See Insolvent, a. Bank¶rupt, v.t. [imp. & p. p. Bankrupted; p. pr. & vb.n. Bankrupting.] To make bankrupt; to bring financial ruin upon; to impoverish. Bank¶ruptÏcy (?), n.; pl. Bankruptcies(?). 1. The state of being actually or legally bankrupt. 2. The act or process of becoming a bankrupt. 3. Complete loss; Ð followed by of. Bank¶side·(?), n. The slope of a bank, especially of the bank of a steam. Bank¶Ïsid·ed(?), a. (Naut.) Having sides inclining inwards, as a ship; Ð opposed to wallÐsided. Bank¶ swal¶low (?). See under 1st Bank, n. ØBan¶liÏeue· (?), n. [F., fr. LL. bannum leucae, banleuca; bannum jurisdiction + leuca league.] The territory without the walls, but within the legal limits, of a town or city. Brande & C. Ban¶ner (?), n. [OE. banere, OF. baniere, F. banniŠre, bandiŠre, fr. LL. baniera, banderia, fr. bandum banner, fr. OHG. bant band, strip of cloth; cf. bindan to bind, Goth. bandwa, bandwo, a sign. See Band, n.] 1. A kind of flag attached to a spear or pike by a crosspiece, and used by a chief as his standard in battle. Hang out our banners on the outward walls. Shak. 2. A large piece of silk or other cloth, with a device or motto, extended on a crosspiece, and borne in a procession, or suspended in some conspicuous place. 3. Any flag or standard; as, the starÐspangled banner. Banner fish (Zo”l.), a large fish of the genus Histiophorus, of the Swordfish family, having a broad bannerlike dorsal fin; the sailfish. One species (H. Americanus) inhabits the North Atlantic. Ban¶nered (?), a. Furnished with, or bearing, banners. ½A bannered host.¸ Milton. Ban¶nerÏet (?), n.[ OE. baneret, OF. baneret, F. banneret; properly a dim. of OF. baniere. See Banner.] 1. Originally, a knight who led his vassals into the field under his own banner; Ð commonly used as a title of rank. 2. A title of rank, conferred for heroic deeds, and hence, an order of knighthood; also, the person bearing such title or rank. µ The usual mode of conferring the rank on the field of battle was by cutting or tearing off the point of the pennon or pointed flag on the spear of the candidate, thereby making it a banner. 3. A civil officer in some Swiss cantons. 4. A small banner. Shak. Ban¶nerÏol (?), n. A banderole; esp. a banner displayed at a funeral procession and set over the tomb. See Banderole. BanÏni¶tion (?), n. [LL. bannitio. See Banish.] The act of expulsion.[Obs.] Abp. Laud. Ban¶nock (?), n. [Gael. bonnach.] A kind of cake or bread, in shape flat and roundish, commonly made of oatmeal or barley meal and baked on an iron plate, or griddle; Ð used in Scotland and the northern counties of England. Jamieson. Bannock fluke, the turbot. [Scot.] Banns (?), n. pl. [See Ban.] Notice of a proposed marriage, proclaimed in a church, or other place prescribed by law, in order that any person may object, if he knows of just cause why the marriage should not take place. Ban¶quet (?), n. [F., a feast, prop. a dim. of banc bench; cf. It. banchetto, dim. of banco a bench, counter. See Bank a bench, and cf. Banquette.] 1. A feast; a sumptuous entertainment of eating and drinking; often, a complimentary or ceremonious feast, followed by speeches. 2. A dessert; a course of sweetmeats; a sweetmeat or sweetmeats. [Obs.] We'll dine in the great room, but let the music And banquet be prepared here. Massinger. Ban¶quet,v.t. [imp. & p.p. Banqueted; p. pr. & vb.n. Banqueting.] To treat with a banquet or sumptuous entertainment of food; to feast. Just in time to banquet The illustrious company assembled there. Coleridge.

Ban¶quet, v.i. 1. To regale one's self with good eating and drinking; to feast.Were it a draught for Juno when she banquets,I would not taste thy treasonous offer.Milton.2. To partake of a dessert after a feast. [Obs.]Where they did both sup and banquet.Cavendish.Ban¶quetÏter (?), n. One who banquets; one who feasts or makes feasts.BanÏquette¶ (?), n. [F. See Banquet, n.] 1. (Fort.) A raised way or foot bank, running along the inside of a parapet, on which musketeers stand to fire upon the enemy.2. (Arch.) A narrow window seat; a raised shelf at the back or the top of a buffet or dresser.Ban¶shee, Ban¶shie (?), n. [ Gael. beanÐshith fairy; Gael. & Ir. bean woman + Gael. sith fairy.] A supernatural being supposed by the Irish and Scotch peasantry to warn a family of the speedy death of one of its members, by wailing or singing in a mournful voice under the windows of the house.Ban¶stic·kle (?), n. [OE. ban, bon, bone + stickle prickle, sting. See Bone, n., Stickleback.] (Zo”l.) A small fish, the threeÐspined stickleback.Ban¶tam (?), n. A variety of small barnyard fowl, with feathered legs, probably brought from Bantam, a district of Java.Ban¶tam work·. Carved and painted work in imitation of Japan ware.ØBan¶teng (?), n. (Zo”l.) The wild ox of Java (Bibos Banteng).Ban¶ter (?), v.t. [ imp. & p.p. Bantered(?); p. pr. & vb.n. Bantering.] [Prob. corrupted fr. F. badiner to joke, or perh. fr. E. bandy to beat to and fro. See Badinage, and cf. Barter fr. OF. barater.]1. To address playful goodÐnatured ridicule to, Ð the person addressed, or something pertaining to him, being the subject of the jesting; to rally; as, he bantered me about my credulity.HagÐridden by my own fancy all night, and then bantered onmy haggard looks the next day.W. Irving.2. To jest about; to ridicule in speaking of, as some trait, habit, characteristic, and the like. [Archaic]If they banter your regularity, order, and love of study, banter in return their neglect of them.Chatham.3. To delude or trick, Ð esp. by way of jest. [Obs.]We diverted ourselves with bantering several poor scholarswith hopes of being at least his lordship's chaplain.De Foe.4. To challenge or defy to a match. [Colloq. Southern and Western U.S.]Ban¶ter, n. The act of bantering; joking or jesting; humorous or goodÐhumored raillery; pleasantry.Part banter, part affection.Tennyson.Ban¶terÏer (?), n. One who banters or rallies.Ban¶tingÏism (?), n. A method of reducing corpulence by avoiding food containing much farinaceous, saccharine, or oily matter; Ð so called from William Banting of London.Bant¶ling (?), n. [Prob. for bandling, from band, and meaning a child wrapped in swaddling bands; or cf. G. b„ntling a bastard, fr. bank bench. Cf. Bastard, n.] A young or small child; an infant. [Slightly contemptuous or depreciatory.]In what out of the way corners genius produces her bantlings.W. Irving.Banx¶ring (?), n.(Zo”l.) An East Indian insectivorous mammal of the genus Tupaia.Ban¶yan (?), n. [See Banian.] (Bot.) A tree of the same genus as the common fig, and called the Indian fig ( Ficus Indica), whose branches send shoots to the ground, which take root and become additional trunks, until it may be the tree covers some acres of ground and is able to shelter thousands of men.Ba¶oÏbab (?), n. [The native name.] (Bot.) A gigantic African tree ( Adansonia digitata), also naturalized in India. See Adansonia.Baph¶oÏmet (?), n.[ A corruption of Mahomet or Mohammed, the Arabian prophet: cf. Pr. Bafomet, OSp. Mafomat, OPg. Mafameda.] An idol or symbolical figure which the Templars were accused of using in their mysterious rites.Bap¶tism (?), n. [OE. baptim, baptem, OE. baptesme, batisme, F. baptˆme, L. baptisma, fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to baptize, fr. ? to dip in water, akin to ? deep, Skr. g¾h to dip, bathe, v.i.] The act of baptizing; the application of water to a person, as a sacrament or religious ceremony, by which he is initiated into the visible church of Christ. This is performed by immersion, sprinkling, or pouring.BapÏtis¶mal (?), a. [Cf. F. baptismal.] Pertaining to baptism; as, baptismal vows.Baptismal name, the Christian name, which is given at baptism.BapÏtis¶malÏly, adv. In a baptismal manner.Bap¶tist (?), n. [L. baptista, G. ?]1. One who administers baptism; Ð specifically applied to John, the forerunner of Christ.Milton.2. One of a denomination of Christians who deny the validity of infant baptism and of sprinkling, and maintain that baptism should be administered to believers alone, and should be by immersion. See Anabaptist.? In doctrine the Baptists of this country [the United States] are Calvinistic, but with much freedom and moderation.Amer. Cyc.Freewill Baptists, a sect of Baptists who are Arminian in doctrine, and practice open communion. Ð SeventhÐday Baptists, a sect of Baptists who keep the seventh day of the week, or Saturday, as the Sabbath. See Sabbatarian. The Dunkers and Campbellites are also Baptists.Bap¶tisÏterÏy (?),Bap¶tisÏtry(?), n.; pl. Baptisteries (?), Ïtries (?). [L. baptisterium, Gr. ?: cf. F. baptistŠre.] (Arch.) (a) In early times, a separate building, usually polygonal, used for baptismal services. Small churches were often changed into baptisteries when larger churches were built near. (b) A part of a church containing a font and used for baptismal services.BapÏtis¶tic (?), a. [Gr. ?] Of or for baptism; baptismal.BapÏtis¶ticÏal(?), a. Baptistic. [R.]BapÏtiz¶aÏble(?), a. Capable of being baptized; fit to be baptized.Baxter.Bap·tiÏza¶tion(?), n. Baptism. [Obs.]Their baptizations were null.Jer. Taylor.BapÏtize¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Baptized (?); p. pr. & vb.n. Baptizing.] [F. baptiser, L. baptizare, fr.Gr. ?. See Baptism.] 1.To administer the sacrament of baptism to.2. To christen ( because a name is given to infants at their baptism); to give a name to; to name.I'll be new baptized;Henceforth I never will be Romeo.Shak.3. To sanctify; to consecrate.BapÏtize¶ment (?),n. The act of baptizing.[R.]BapÏtiz¶er(?), n. One who baptizes.Bar (?), n. [OE. barre, F. barre, fr. LL. barra, W. bar the branch of a tree, bar, baren branch, Gael. & Ir. barra bar. ? 91.] 1. A piece of wood, metal, or other material, long in proportion to its breadth or thickness, used as a lever and for various other purposes, but especially for a hindrance, obstruction, or fastening; as, the bars of a fence or gate; the bar of a door.Thou shalt make bars of shittim wood.Ex. xxvi. 26.2. An indefinite quantity of some substance, so shaped as to be long in proportion to its breadth and thickness; as, a bar of gold or of lead; a bar of soap.3. Anything which obstructs, hinders, or prevents; an obstruction; a barrier.Must I new bars to my own joy create?Dryden.

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4. A bank of sand, gravel, or other matter, esp. at the mouth of a river or harbor, obstructing navigation. 5. Any railing that divides a room, or office, or hall of assembly, in order to reserve a space for those having special privileges; as, the bar of the House of Commons. 6. (Law) (a) The railing that incloses the place which counsel occupy in courts of justice. Hence, the phrase at the bar of the court signifies in open court. (b) The place in court where prisoners are stationed for arraignment, trial, or sentence. (c) The whole body of lawyers licensed in a court or district; the legal profession. (d) A special plea constituting a sufficient answer to plaintiff's action. 7. Any tribunal; as, the bar of public opinion; the bar of God. 8. A barrier or counter, over which liquors and food are passed to customers; hence, the portion of the room behind the counter where liquors for sale are kept. 9. (Her.) An ordinary, like a fess but narrower, occupying only one fifth part of the field. 10. A broad shaft, or band, or stripe; as, a bar of light; a bar of color. 11. (Mus.) A vertical line across the staff. Bars divide the staff into spaces which represent measures, and are themselves called measures. µ A double bar marks the end of a strain or main division of a movement, or of a whole piece of music; in psalmody, it marks the end of a line of poetry. The term bar is very often loosely used for measure, i.e., for such length of music, or of silence, as is included between one bar and the next; as, a passage of eight bars; two bars' rest. 12. (Far.) pl. (a) The space between the tusks and grinders in the upper jaw of a horse, in which the bit is placed. (b) The part of the crust of a horse's hoof which is bent inwards towards the frog at the heel on each side, and extends into the center of the sole. 13. (Mining) (a) A drilling or tamping rod. (b) A vein or dike crossing a lode. 14. (Arch.) (a) A gatehouse of a castle or fortified town. (b) A slender strip of wood which divides and supports the glass of a window; a sash bar. Bar shoe (Far.), a kind of horseshoe having a bar across the usual opening at the heel, to protect a tender frog from injury. Ð Bar shot, a double headed shot, consisting of a bar, with a ball or half ball at each end; Ðformerly used for destroying the masts or rigging in naval combat. Ð Bar sinister (Her.), a term popularly but erroneously used for baton, a mark of illegitimacy. See Baton. Ð Bar tracery (Arch.), ornamental stonework resembling bars of iron twisted into the forms required. Ð Blank bar (Law). See Blank. Ð Case at bar (Law), a case presently before the court; a case under argument. Ð In bar of, as a sufficient reason against; to prevent. Ð Matter in bar, or Defence in bar, a plea which is a final defense in an action. Ð Plea in bar, a plea which goes to bar or defeat the plaintiff's action absolutely and entirely. Ð Trial at bar ( Eng. Law), a trial before all the judges of one the superior courts of Westminster, or before a quorum representing the full court. Bar (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Barred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Barring.] [ F. barrer. See Bar, n.] 1. To fasten with a bar; as, to bar a door or gate. 2. To restrict or confine, as if by a bar; to hinder; to obstruct; to prevent; to prohibit; as, to bar the entrance of evil; distance bars our intercourse; the statute bars my right; the right is barred by time; a release bars the plaintiff's recovery; Ð sometimes with up. He barely looked the idea in the face, and hastened to bar it in its dungeon. Hawthorne. 3. To except; to exclude by exception. Nay, but I bar toÐnight: you shall not gauge me By what we do toÐnight. Shak. 4. To cross with one or more stripes or lines. For the sake of distinguishing the feet more clearly, I have barred them singly. Burney. Barb(?), n. [F. barbe, fr. L. barba beard. See Beard, n.] 1. Beard, or that which resembles it, or grows in the place of it. The barbel, so called by reason of his barbs, or wattles in his mouth. Walton. 2. A muff?er, worn by nuns and mourners. [Obs.] 3. pl. Paps, or little projections, of the mucous membrane, which mark the opening of the submaxillary glands under the tongue in horses and cattle. The name is mostly applied when the barbs are inflamed and swollen. [Written also barbel and barble.] 4. The point that stands backward in an arrow, fishhook, etc., to prevent it from being easily extracted. Hence: Anything which stands out with a sharp point obliquely or crosswise to something else. ½Having two barbs or points.¸ Ascham. 5. A bit for a horse. [Obs.] Spenser. 6. (Zo”l.) One of the side branches of a feather, which collectively constitute the vane. See Feather. 7. (Zo”l.) A southern name for the kingfishes of the eastern and southeastern coasts of the United States; Ð also improperly called whiting. 8. (Bot.) A hair or bristle ending in a double hook. Barb, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Barbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Barbing.] 1. To shave or dress the beard of. [Obs.] 2. To clip; to mow. [Obs.] Marston. 3. To furnish with barbs, or with that which will hold or hurt like barbs, as an arrow, fishhook, spear, etc. But rattling storm of arrows barbed with fire. Milton. Barb, n. [F. barbe, fr. Barbarie.] 1. The Barbary horse, a superior breed introduces from Barbary into Spain by the Moors. 2. (Zo”l.) A blackish or dun variety of the pigeon, originally brought from Barbary. Barb, n. [Corrupted fr. bard.] Armor for a horse. Same as 2d Bard, n., 1. Bar¶baÏcan (?), n. See Barbican. Bar¶baÏcanÏage (?), n. See Barbicanage. BarÏba¶diÏanÿ(?), a. Of or pertaining to Barbados. Ð n. A native of Barbados. BarÏba¶dos or BarÏba¶does (?), n. A West Indian island, giving its name to a disease, to a cherry, etc. Barbados cherry (Bot.), a genus of trees of the West Indies (Malpighia) with an agreeably acid fruit resembling a cherry. Ð Barbados leg (Med.), a species of elephantiasis incident to hot climates. Ð Barbados nuts, the seeds of the Jatropha curcas, a plant growing in South America and elsewhere. The seeds and their acrid oil are used in medicine as a purgative. See Physic nut. ØBar¶baÏra (?), n. [Coined by logicians.] (Logic) The first word in certain mnemonic lines which represent the various forms of the syllogism. It indicates a syllogism whose three propositions are universal affirmatives. Whately. Bar·baÏresque¶ (?), a. Barbaric in form or style; as, barbaresque architecture. De Quincey. BarÏba¶riÏan (?), n. [See Barbarous.] 1. A foreigner. [Historical] Therefore if I know not the meaning of the voice, I shall be unto him that speaketh a barbarian, and he that speaketh shall be a barbarian unto me. ? Cor. xiv. 11. 2. A man in a rule, savage, or uncivilized state. 3. A person destitute of culture. M. Arnold. 4. A cruel, savage, brutal man; one destitute of pity or humanity. ½Thou fell barbarian.¸ Philips. BarÏba¶riÏan, a. Of, or pertaining to, or resembling, barbarians; rude; uncivilized; barbarous; as, barbarian governments or nations. BarÏba¶ic (?), a. [L. barbaricus foreign, barbaric, Gr. ?.] 1. Of, or from, barbarian nations; foreign; Ð often with reference to barbarous nations of east. ¸Barbaric pearl and gold.¸ Milton. 2. Of or pertaining to, or resembling, an uncivilized person or people; barbarous; barbarian; destitute of refinement. ½Wild, barbaric music.¸ Sir W. Scott. Bar¶baÏrism (?), n. [L. barbarismus, Gr.?; cf. F. barbarisme.] 1. An uncivilized state or condition; rudeness of manners; ignorance of arts, learning, and literature; barbarousness. Prescott. 2. A barbarous, cruel, or brutal action; an outrage. A heinous barbarism … against the honor of marriage. Milton. 3. An offense against purity of style or language; any form of speech contrary to the pure idioms of a particular language. See Solecism. The Greeks were the first that branded a foreign term in any of their writers with the odious name of barbarism. G. Campbell. BarÏbar¶iÏty (?), n.; pl. Barbarities (?). [From Barbarous.] 1. The state or manner of a barbarian; lack of civilization. 2. Cruelty; ferociousness; inhumanity. Treating Christians with a barbarity which would have shocked the very Moslem. Macaulay. 3. A barbarous or cruel act. 4. Barbarism; impurity of speech. [Obs.] Swift. Bar¶baÏrize (?), v.i. [imp. & p.p. Barbarized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Barbarizing (?).] 1. To become barbarous. The Roman empire was barbarizing rapidly from the time of Trajan. De Quincey. 2. To adopt a foreign or barbarous mode of speech. The ill habit … of wretched barbarizing against the Latin and Greek idiom, with their untutored Anglicisms. Milton. Bar¶baÏrize (?),v.t. [Cf. F. barbariser, LL. barbarizare.] To make barbarous. The hideous changes which have barbarized France. Burke. Bar¶baÏrous (?), a. [L. barbarus, Gr. ?, strange, foreign; later, slavish, rude, ignorant; akin to L. balbus stammering, Skr. barbara stammering, outlandish. Cf. Brave, a.] 1. Being in the state of a barbarian; uncivilized; rude; peopled with barbarians; as, a barbarous people; a barbarous country. 2. Foreign; adapted to a barbaric taste.[Obs.] Barbarous gold. Dryden. 3. Cruel; ferocious; inhuman; merciless. By their barbarous usage he died within a few days, to the grief of all that knew him. Clarendon. 4. Contrary to the pure idioms of a language. A barbarous expression G. Campbell.

Syn. Ð Uncivilized; unlettered; uncultivated; untutored; ignorant; merciless; brutal. See Ferocious.Bar¶baÏrousÏly, adv. In a barbarous manner.Bar¶baÏrousÏness, n. The quality or state of being barbarous; barbarity; barbarism.Bar¶baÏry(?), n. [Fr. Ar. Barbar the people of Barbary.] The countries on the north coast of Africa from Egypt to the Atlantic. Hence: A Barbary horse; a barb. [Obs.] Also, a kind of pigeon.Barbary ape (Zo”l.), an ape (Macacus innus) of north Africa and Gibraltar Rock, being the only monkey inhabiting Europe. It is very commonly trained by showmen.Bar¶baÏstel· (?),n. [F. barbastelle.] (Zo”l.) A European bat (Barbastellus communis), with hairy lips.Bar¶bate (?), a. [ L. barbatus, fr. barba beard. See Barb beard.] (Bot.) Bearded; beset with long and weak hairs.Bar¶baÏted (?), a. Having barbed points.A dart uncommonly barbated.T. Warton.Bar¶beÏcue (?), n. [In the language of Indians of Guiana, a frame on which all kinds of flesh and fish are roasted or smokeÐdried.] 1. A hog, ox, or other large animal roasted or broiled whole for a feast.2. A social entertainment, where many people assemble, usually in the open air, at which one or more large animals are roasted or broiled whole.3. A floor, on which coffee beans are sunÐdried.Bar¶beÏcue (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Barbecued(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Barbecuing.] 1. To dry or cure by exposure on a frame or gridiron.They use little or no salt, but barbecue their game and fish in the smoke.Stedman.2. To roast or broil whole, as an ox or hog.Send me, gods, a whole hog barbecued.Pope.Barbed (?), a. [See 4th Bare.] Accoutered with defensive armor; Ð said of a horse. See Barded ( which is the proper form.)Sir W. Raleigh.Barbed, a. Furnished with a barb or barbs; as, a barbed arrow; barbed wire.Barbed wire, a wire, or a strand of twisted wires, armed with barbs or sharp points. It is used for fences.Bar¶bel (?), n.[OE. barbel, F. barbeau, dim. of L. barbus barbel, fr. barba beard. See 1st Barb.]1. (Zo”l.) A slender tactile organ on the lips of certain fished.2. (Zo”l.) A large freshÐwater fish ( Barbus vulgaris) found in many European rivers. Its upper jaw is furnished with four barbels.3. pl. Barbs or paps under the tongued of horses and cattle. See 1st Barb,3.Bar¶belÏlate (?),a. [See 1st Barb.] (Bot.) Having short, stiff hairs, often barbed at the point.Gray.BarÏbel¶luÏlate (?), a. (Bot.) Barbellate with diminutive hairs or barbs.Bar¶ber (?), n. [OE. barbour, OF. barbeor, F. barbier, as if fr. an assumed L. barbator, fr. barba beard. See 1st Barb.] One whose occupation it is to shave or trim the beard, and to cut and dress the hair of his patrons.Barber's itch. See under Itch.µ Formerly the barber practiced some offices of surgery, such as letting blood and pulling teeth. Hence such terms as barber surgeon ( old form barber chirurgeon), barber surgery, etc.Bar¶ber, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Barbered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Barbering.] To shave and dress the beard or hair of.Shak.Bar¶ber fish. (Zo”l.) See Surgeon fish.Bar¶berÏmon·ger (?), n. A fop. [Obs.]Bar¶berÏry (?),n. [OE. barbarin, barbere, OF. berbere.] (Bot.) A shrub of the genus Berberis, common along roadsides and in neglected fields. B. vulgaris is the species best known; its oblong red berries are made into a preserve or sauce, and have been deemed efficacious in fluxes and fevers. The bark dyes a fine yellow, esp. the bark of the root. [Also spelt berberry.]Bar¶bet (?),n. [F. barbet, fr.barbe beard, long hair of certain animals. See Barb beard.] (Zo”l.) (a) A variety of small dog, having long curly hair. (b) A bird of the family Bucconid‘, allied to the Cuckoos, having a large, conical beak swollen at the base, and bearded with five bunches of stiff bristles; the puff bird. It inhabits tropical America and Africa. (c) A larva that feeds on aphides.BarÏbette¶ (?), n. [F. Cf. Barbet.] ( Fort.) A mound of earth or a platform in a fortification, on which guns are mounted to fire over the parapet.En barbette, In barbette, said of guns when they are elevated so as to fire over the top of a parapet, and not through embrasures. Ð Barbette gun, or Barbette battery,a single gun, or a number of guns, mounted in barbette, or partially protected by a parapet or turret. Ð Barbette carriage, a gun carriage which elevates guns sufficiently to be in barbette. [See Illust. of Casemate.]Bar¶biÏcan (?), Bar¶baÏcan(?), n. [OE. barbican, barbecan, F. barbacane, LL. barbacana, barbicana, of uncertain origin: cf. Ar. barbakh aqueduct, sewer. F. barbacane also means, an opening to let out water, loophole.] 1. ( Fort.) A tower or advanced work defending the entrance to a castle or city, as at a gate or bridge. It was often large and strong, having a ditch and drawbridge of its own.2. An opening in the wall of a fortress, through which missiles were discharged upon an enemy.Bar¶biÏcanÏage (?), Bar¶baÏcanÏage (?),n. [LL. barbicanagium. See Barbican.] Money paid for the support of a barbican. [Obs.]Bar¶biÏcel (?), n. [NL. barbicella, dim. of L. barba. See 1st Barb.] (Zo”l.) One of the small hooklike processes on the barbules of feathers.ØBar¶biers (?), n. (Med.) A variety of paralysis, peculiar to India and the Malabar coast; Ð considered by many to be the same as beriberi in chronic form.BarÏbig¶erÏous (?), a. [L. barba a beard + gerous.] Having a beard; bearded; hairy.ØBar¶biÏton (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ?.] (Mus.) An ancient Greek instrument resembling a lyre.Bar·biÏtu¶ric ac¶id (?). (Chem.) A white, crystalline substance, ?, derived

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from alloxantin, also from malonic acid and urea, and regarded as a substituted urea.Bar¶ble (?), n. See Barbel.Bar¶boÏtine (?), n. [F.] A paste of clay used in decorating coarse pottery in relief.Bar¶bre (?), a. Barbarian. [Obs.]Chaucer.Bar¶bule (?), n. [L. barbula, fr. barba beard.]1. A very minute barb or beard.Booth.2. (Zo”l.) One of the processes along the edges of the barbs of a feather, by which adjacent barbs interlock. See Feather.Bar¶caÏrolle (?), n. [F. barcarolle, fr. It. barcaruola, fr. barca bark, barge.] (Mus.) (a) A popular song or melody sung by Venetian gondoliers. (b) A piece of music composed in imitation of such a song.Bar¶con (?), n. [It. barcone, fr. barca a bark.] A vessel for freight; Ð used in Mediterranean.Bard (?), n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. bardd, Arm. barz, Ir. & Gael. bard, and F. barde.] 1. A professional poet and singer, as among the ancient Celts, whose occupation was to compose and sing verses in honor of the heroic achievements of princes and brave men.2. Hence: A poet; as, the bard of Avon.Bard, Barde (?), n. [F. barde, of doubtful origin.]1. A piece of defensive (or, sometimes, ornamental) armor for a horse's neck, breast, and flanks; a barb. [Often in the pl.]2. pl. Defensive armor formerly worn by a man at arms.3. (Cookery) A thin slice of fat bacon used to cover any meat or game.Bard, v.t. (Cookery) To cover (meat or game) with a thin slice of fat bacon.Bard¶ed, p.a. [See Bard horse armor.] 1. Accoutered with defensive armor; Ð said of a horse.2. (Her.) Wearing rich caparisons.Fifteen hundred men … barded and richly trapped.Stow.Bard¶ic, a. Of or pertaining to bards, or their poetry.½The bardic lays of ancient Greece.¸G.P. Marsh.Bard¶ish, a. Pertaining to, or written by, a bard or bards. ½Bardish impostures.¸Selden.Bard¶ism (?), n. The system of bards; the learning and maxims of bards.Bard¶ling (?), n. An inferior bard.J. Cunningham.Bard¶ship, n. The state of being a bard.Bare (?), a. [OE. bar, bare, AS. b‘r; akin to D. & G. baar, OHG. par, Icel. berr, Sw. & Dan. bar, OSlav. bos? barefoot, Lith. basas; cf. Skr. bh¾s to shine ?.]1. Without clothes or covering; stripped of the usual covering; naked; as, his body is bare; the trees are bare.2. With head uncovered; bareheaded.When once thy foot enters the church, be bare.Herbert.3. Without anything to cover up or conceal one's thoughts or actions; open to view; exposed.Bare in thy guilt, how foul must thou appear !Milton.4. Plain; simple; unadorned; without polish; bald; meager. ½Uttering bare truth.¸Shak.5. Destitute; indigent; empty; unfurnished or scantily furnished; Ð used with of (rarely with in) before the thing wanting or taken away; as, a room bare of furniture. ½A bare treasury.¸Dryden.6. Threadbare; much worn.It appears by their bare liveries that they live by your bare words.Shak.7. Mere; alone; unaccompanied by anything else; as, a bare majority. ½The bare necessaries of life.¸Addison.Nor are men prevailed upon by bare of naked truth.South.Under bare poles (Naut.), having no sail set.Bare, n. 1. Surface; body; substance. [R.]You have touched the very bare of naked truth.Marston.2. (Arch.) That part of a roofing slate, shingle, tile, or metal plate, which is exposed to the weather.Bare, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bared(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Baring.] [AS. barian. See Bare, a.] To strip off the covering of; to make bare; as, to bare the breast.Bare. Bore; the old preterit of Bear, v.Bare¶back· (?), adv. On the bare back of a horse, without using a saddle; as, to ride bareback.Bare¶backed· (?), a. Having the back uncovered; as, a barebacked horse.Bare¶bone· (?), n. A very lean person; one whose bones show through the skin.Shak.Bare¶faced· (?), a. 1. With the face uncovered; not masked. ½You will play barefaced.¸Shak.2. Without concealment; undisguised. Hence: Shameless; audacious. ½Barefaced treason.¸J. Baillie.Bare¶faced·ly, adv. Openly; shamelessly.Locke.Bare¶faced·ness, n. The quality of being barefaced; shamelessness; assurance; audaciousness.Bare¶foot (?), a. & adv. With the feet bare; without shoes or stockings.Bare¶foot·ed, a. Having the feet bare.ØBaÏr‚ge¶ (?), n. [F. bar‚ge, so called from Bar‚ges, a town in the Pyrenees.] A gauzelike fabric for ladies' dresses, veils, etc. of worsted, silk and worsted, or cotton and worsted.Bare¶hand·ed (?), n. Having bare hands.Bare¶head·ed (?), Bare¶head, a. & adv. Having the head uncovered; as, a bareheaded girl.Bare¶legged· (?), a. Having the legs bare.Bare¶ly, adv. 1. Without covering; nakedly.2. Without concealment or disguise.3. Merely; only.R. For now his son is duke.W. Barely in title, not in revenue.Shak.4. But just; without any excess; with nothing to spare ( of quantity, time, etc.); hence, scarcely; hardly; as, there was barely enough for all; he barely escaped.Bare¶necked· (?), a. Having the neck bare.Bare¶ness, n. The state of being bare.Bare¶sark (?), n. [Literally, bare sark or shirt.] A Berserker, or Norse warrior who fought without armor, or shirt of mail. Hence, adverbially: Without shirt of mail or armor.Bar¶fish· (?), n. (Zo”l.) Same as Calico bass.Bar¶ful (?), a. Full of obstructions. [Obs.]Shak.Bar¶gain (?), n. [OE. bargayn, bargany, OF. bargaigne, bargagne, prob. from a supposed LL. barcaneum, fr. barca a boat which carries merchandise to the shore; hence, to traffic to and fro, to carry on commerce in general. See Bark a vessel. ] 1. An agreement between parties concerning the sale of property; or a contract by which one party binds himself to transfer the right to some property for a consideration, and the other party binds himself to receive the property and pay the consideration.A contract is a bargain that is legally binding.Wharton.2. An agreement or stipulation; mutual pledge.And whon your honors mean to solemnizeThe bargain of your faith.Shak.3. A purchase; also ( when not qualified), a gainful transaction; an advantageous purchase; as, to buy a thing at a bargain.4. The thing stipulated or purchased; also, anything bought cheap.She was too fond of her most filthy bargain.Shak.Bargain and sale (Law), a species of conveyance, by which the bargainor contracts to convey the lands to the bargainee, and becomes by such contract a trustee for and seized to the use of the bargainee. The statute then completes the purchase; i.e., the bargain vests the use, and the statute vests the possession. Blackstone. Ð Into the bargain, over and above what is stipulated; besides. Ð To sell bargains, to make saucy ( usually indelicate) repartees. [Obs.] Swift. Ð To strike a bargain, to reach or ratify an agreement. ½A bargain was struck.¸ Macaulay.Syn. Ð Contract; stipulation; purchase; engagement.Bar¶gain, v.i. [OE. barganien, OF. bargaigner, F. barguigner, to hesitate, fr. LL. barcaniare. See Bargain, n.] To make a bargain; to make a contract for the exchange of property or services; Ð followed by with and for; as, to bargain with a farmer for a cow.So worthless peasants bargain for their wives.Shak.Bar¶gain, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bargained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bargaining.] To transfer for a consideration; to barter; to trade; as, to bargain one horse for another.To bargain away, to dispose of in a bargain; Ð usually with a sense of loss or disadvantage; as, to bargain away one's birthright. ½The heir … had somehow bargained away the estate.¸G.Eliot.Bar·fainÏee¶ (?), n. [OF. bargaign‚, p.p. See Bargain, v.i.] (Law) The party to a contract who receives, or agrees to receive, the property sold.Blackstone.Bar¶gainÏer (?), n. One who makes a bargain; Ð sometimes in the sense of bargainor.Bar·gainÏor¶ (?), n. (Law) One who makes a bargain, or contracts with another; esp., one who sells, or contracts to sell, property to another.Blackstone.Barge (?), n. [OF. barge, F. berge, fr. LL. barca, for barica (not found), prob. fr. L. baris an Egyptian rowboat, fr. Gr. ?, prob. fr. Egyptian: cf. Coptic bari a boat. Cf. Bark a vessel.] 1. A pleasure boat; a vessel or boat of state, elegantly furnished and decorated.2. A large, roomy boat for the conveyance of passengers or goods; as, a ship's barge; a charcoal barge.3. A large boat used by flag officers.4. A doubleÐdecked passenger or freight vessel, towed by a steamboat. [U.S.]5. A large omnibus used for excursions. [Local, U.S.]Barge¶board· (?), n. [Perh. corrup. of vergeboard; or cf. LL. bargus a kind of gallows.] A vergeboard.Barge¶course· (?), n. [See Bargeboard.] (Arch.) A part of the tiling which projects beyond the principal rafters, in buildings where there is a gable.Gwilt.BarÏgee¶ (?), n. A bargeman. [Eng.]Barge¶man (?), n. The man who manages a barge, or one of the crew of a barge.Barge¶mast·ter (?), n. The proprietor or manager of a barge, or one of the crew of a barge.Bar¶ger (?),n. The manager of a barge. [Obs.]Bar¶ghest· (?), n. [Perh. G. berg mountain + geist demon, or b„r a bear + geist.] A goblin, in the shape of a large dog, portending misfortune. [Also written barguest.]Ba¶riÏa (?), n. [Cf. Barium.] (Chem.) Baryta.Bar¶ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to barium; as, baric oxide.Bar¶ic, a. [Gr. ? weight.] (Physics) Of or pertaining to weight, esp. to the weight or pressure of the atmosphere as measured by the barometer.BaÏril¶la (?), n. [Sp. barrilla.] 1. (Bot.) A name given to several species of Salsola from which soda is made, by burning the barilla in heaps and lixiviating the ashes.2. (Com.) (a) The alkali produced from the plant, being an impure carbonate of soda, used for making soap, glass, etc., and for bleaching purposes. (b) Impure soda obtained from the ashes of any seashore plant, or kelp.Ure.Copper barilla (Min.), native copper in granular form mixed with sand, an ore brought from Bolivia; Ð called also Barilla de cobre.ØBar¶ilÏlet (?), n. [F., dim. of baril barrel.] A little cask, or something resembling one.Smart.Bar¶ i·ron (?). See under Iron.Ba¶rite (?), n. (Min.) Native sulphate of barium, a mineral occurring in transparent, colorless, white to yellow crystals (generally tabular), also in granular form, and in compact massive forms resembling marble. It has a high specific gravity, and hence is often called heavy spar. It is a common mineral in metallic veins.Bar¶iÏtone (?), a. & n. See Barytone.Ba¶riÏum (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? heavy.] (Chem.) One of the elements, belonging to the alkaline earth group; a metal having a silverÐwhite color, and melting at a very high temperature. It is difficult to obtain the pure metal, from the facility with which it becomes oxidized in the air. Atomic weight, ?137. Symbol, Ba. Its oxide called baryta. [Rarely written barytum.]µ Some of the compounds of this element are remarkable for their high specific gravity, as the sulphate, called heavy spar, and the like. The oxide was called barote, by Guyton de Morveau, which name was changed by Lavoisier to baryta, whence the name of the metal.Bard (?), n. [Akin to Dan. & Sw. bark, Icel. b”rkr, LG. & HG. borke.] 1. The exterior covering of the trunk and branches of a tree; the rind.2. Specifically, Peruvian bark.Bark bed. See Bark stove (below). Ð Bark pit, a pit filled with bark and water, in which hides are steeped in tanning. Ð Bark stove (Hort.), a glazed structure for keeping tropical plants, having a bed of tanner's bark ( called a bark bed) or other fermentable matter which produces a moist heat.Bark, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Barked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Barking.] 1. To strip the bark from; to peel.2. To abrade or rub off any outer covering from; as to bark one's heel.3. To girdle. See Girdle, v.t., 3.4. To cover or inclose with bark, or as with bark; as, to bark the roof of a hut.Bark, v.i. [OE. berken, AS. beorcan; akin to Icel. berkja, and prob. to E. break.] 1. To make a short, loud, explosive noise with the vocal organs; Ð said of some animals, but especially of dogs.2. To make a clamor; to make importunate outcries.They bark, and say the Scripture maketh heretics.Tyndale.Where there is the barking of the belly, there no other commands will be heard, much less obeyed.Fuller.Bark, n. The short, loud, explosive sound uttered by a dog; a similar sound made by some other animals.Bark, Barque (?), n. [F. barque, fr. Sp. or It. barca, fr. LL. barca for barica. See Barge.]1. Formerly, any small sailing vessel, as a pinnace, fishing smack, etc.; also, a rowing boat; a barge. Now applied poetically to a sailing vessel or boat of any kind.Byron.2. (Naut.) A threeÐmasted vessel, having her foremast and mainmast squarerigged, and her mizzenmast schoonerÐrigged.Bark¶anÏtine (?), n. Same as Barkentine.Bark¶ bee·tle (?). (Zo”l.) A small beetle of many species (family Scolytid‘), which in the larval state bores under or in the bark of trees, often doing great damage.Bark¶bound· (?), a. Prevented from growing, by having the bark too firm or close.Bar¶keep·er (?), n. One who keeps or tends a bar for the sale of liquors.Bark¶en (?), a. Made of bark. [Poetic]Whittier.Bark¶enÏtine (?), n. [See Bark, n., a vessel.] (Naut.) A threemasted vessel, having the foremast squareÐrigged, and the others schoonerÐrigged. [Spel? also barquentine, barkantine, etc.] See Illust. in Append.Bark¶er (?), n. 1. An animal that barks; hence, any one who clamors unreasonably.2. One who stands at the doors of shops to urg? passers by to make purchases. [Cant, Eng.]3. A pistol. [Slang]Dickens.4. (Zo”l.) The spotted redshank.Bark¶er, n. One who strips trees of their bark.Bark¶er's mill· (?). [From Dr. Barker, the inventor.] A machine, invented in the 17th century, worked by a form of reaction wheel. The water flows into a vertical tube and gushes from apertures in hollow horizontal arms, causing the machine to revolve on its axis.Bark¶erÏy (?), n. A tanhouse.Bark¶ing i·rons (?). 1. Instruments used in taking off the bark of trees.Gardner.2. A pair of pistols. [Slang]Bark¶less, a. Destitute of bark.Bark¶ louse· (?). (Zo”l.) An insect of the family Coccid‘, which infests the bark of trees and vines.µ The wingless females assume the shape of scales. The bark louse of vine is Pulvinaria innumerabilis; that of the pear is Lecanium pyri. See Orange scale.Bark¶y (?), a. Covered with, or containing, bark. ½The barky fingers of the elm.¸Shak.Bar¶ley (?), n. [OE. barli, barlich, AS. b‘rlic; bere barley + lÆc (which is prob. the same as E. like, adj., or perh. a form of AS. le¾c leek). AS. bere is akin to Icel, barr barley, Goth. barizeins made of barley, L. far spelt; cf. W. barlys barley, bara bread. ?92. Cf. Farina, 6th Bear.] (Bot.) A valuable grain, of the family of grasses, genus Hordeum, used for food, and for making malt, from which are prepared beer, ale, and whisky.

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Barley bird (Zo”l.), the siskin. Ð Barley sugar, sugar boiled till it is brittle (formerly with a decoction of barley) and candied. Ð Barley water, a decoction of barley, used in medicine, as a nutritive and demulcent.Bar¶leyÏbrake· Bar¶leyÏbreak· } (?), n. An ancient rural game, commonly played round stacks of barley, or other grain, in which some of the party attempt to catch others who run from a goal.Bar¶leyÐbree· (?), n. [Lit. barley broth. See Brew.] Liquor made from barley; strong ale. [Humorous] [Scot.]Burns.Bar¶leyÏcorn· (?), n. [See Corn.] 1. A grain or ½corn¸ of barley.2. Formerly , a measure of length, equal to the average length of a grain of barley; the third part of an inch.John Barleycorn, a humorous personification of barley as the source of malt liquor or whisky.Barm (?), n. [OE. berme, AS. beorma; akin to Sw. b„rma, G. b„rme, and prob. L. fermenium. û93. Foam rising upon beer, or other malt liquors, when fermenting, and used as leaven in making bread and in brewing; yeast.Shak.Barm , n. [OE. bearm, berm, barm, AS. beorma; akin to E. bear to support.] The lap or bosom. [Obs.]Chaucer.Bar¶maid· (?), n. A girl or woman who attends the customers of a bar, as in a tavern or beershop.A bouncing barmaid.W. Irving.Bar¶mas·ter (?), n. [Berg + master: cf. G. Bergmeister.] Formerly, a local judge among miners; now, an officer of the barmote. [Eng.]Barm¶cloth· (?), n. Apron. [Obs.]Chaucer.Bar¶meÏci·dal (?), a. [See Barmecide.] Unreal; illusory. ½A sort of Barmecidal feast.¸Hood.Bar¶meÏcide (?), n. [A prince of the Barmecide family, who, as related in the ½Arabian Nights' Tales¸, pretended to set before the hungry Shacabac food, on which the latter pretended to feast.] One who proffers some illusory advantage or benefit. Also used as an adj.: Barmecidal. ½A Barmecide feast.¸Dickens.Bar¶mote· (?), n. [Barg + mote meeting.] A court held in Derbyshire, in England, for deciding controversies between miners.Blount.Balm¶y (?), a. Full of barm or froth; in a ferment. ½Barmy beer.¸Dryden.Barn (?), n. [OE. bern, AS. berern, bern; bere barley + ern, ‘rn, a close place. ?92. See Barley.] A covered building used chiefly for storing grain, hay, and other productions of a farm. In the United States a part of the barn is often used for stables.Barn owl (Zo”l.), an owl of Europe and America (Aluco flammeus, or Strix flammea), which frequents barns and other buildings. Ð Barn swallow (Zo”l.), the common American swallow (Hirundo horreorum), which attaches its nest of mud to the beams and rafters of barns.Barn, v.t. To lay up in a barn. [Obs.]Shak.Men … often barn up the chaff, and burn up the grain.Fuller.Barn, n. A child. [Obs.] See Bairn.Bar¶naÏbite (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A member of a religious order, named from St. Barnabas.Bar¶naÏcle (?), n. [Prob. from E. barnacle a kind of goose, which was popularly supposed to grow from this shellfish; but perh. from LL. bernacula for pernacula, dim. of perna ham, sea mussel; cf. Gr. ? ham Cf. F. bernacle, barnacle, E. barnacle a goose; and Ir. bairneach, barneach, limpet.] (Zo”l.) Any cirriped crustacean adhering to rocks, floating timber, ships, etc., esp. (a) the sessile species (genus Balanus and allies), and (b) the stalked or goose barnacles (genus Lepas and allies). See Cirripedia, and Goose barnacle.Barnacle eater (Zo”l.), the orange filefish. Ð Barnacle scale (Zo”l.), a bark louse (Ceroplastes cirripediformis) of the orange and quince trees in Florida. The female scale curiously resembles a sessile barnacle in form.Bar¶naÏcle, n. [See Bernicle.] A bernicle goose.Bar¶naÏcle, n. [OE. bernak, bernacle; cf. OF. bernac, and Prov. F. (Berri) berniques, spectacles.] 1. pl. (Far.) An instrument for pinching a horse's nose, and thus restraining him. [Formerly used in the sing.]The barnacles … give pain almost equal to that of theswitch.Youatt.2. pl. Spectacles; Ð so called from their resemblance to the barnacles used by farriers. [Cant, Eng.]Dickens.Barn¶yard· (?), n. A yard belonging to a barn.ØBaÏroc¶co (?), a. [It.] (Arch.) See Baroque.Bar¶oÏgraph (?), n. [Gr.? weight + Ðgraph.] (Meteor.) An instrument for recording automatically the variations of atmospheric pressure.BaÏro¶ko (?), n. [A mnemonic word.] (Logic) A form or mode of syllogism of which the first proposition is a universal affirmative, and the other two are particular negative.BaÏrol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Gr. ? weight + Ðlogy.] The science of weight or gravity.Bar·oÏmaÏcrom¶eÏter (?), n. [Gr. ? weight + ? long + Ðmeter.] (Med.) An instrument for ascertaining the weight and length of a newborn infant.BaÏrom¶eÏter (?), n. [Gr. ? weight + Ðmeter: cf. F. baromŠtre.] An instrument for determining the weight or pressure of the atmosphere, and hence for judging of the probable changes of weather, or for ascertaining the height of any ascent.µ The barometer was invented by Torricelli at Florence about 1643. It is made in its simplest form by filling a graduated glass tube about 34 inches long with mercury and inverting it in a cup containing mercury. The column of mercury in the tube descends until balanced by the weight of the atmosphere, and its rise or fall under varying conditions is a measure of the change in the atmospheric pressure. At the sea level its ordinary height is about 30 inches (760 millimeters). See Sympiesometer.Nichol.Aneroid barometer. See Aneroid barometer, under Aneroid. Ð Marine barometer, a barometer with tube contracted at bottom to prevent rapid oscillations of the mercury, and suspended in gimbals from an arm or support on shipboard. Ð Mountain barometer, a portable mercurial barometer with tripod support, and long scale, for measuring heights. Ð Siphon barometer, a barometer having a tube bent like a hook with the longer leg closed at the top. The height of the mercury in the longer leg shows the pressure of the atmosphere. Ð Wheel barometer, a barometer with recurved tube, and a float, from which a cord passes over a pulley and moves an index.Bar·oÏmet¶ric (?), Bar·oÏmet¶ricÏal (?), } a. Pertaining to the barometer; made or indicated by a barometer; as, barometric changes; barometrical observations.Bar·oÏmet¶ricÏalÏly, adv. By means of a barometer, or according to barometric observations.Bar·oÏmet¶roÏgraph (?), n. [Gr. ? weight + ? measure + Ðgraph.] A form of barometer so constructed as to inscribe of itself upon paper a record of the variations of atmospheric pressure.BaÏrom¶eÏtry (?), n. The art or process of making barometrical measurements.Bar¶oÏmetz (?), n. [ Cf. Russ. baranets' clubmoss.] (Bot.) The woollyÐskinned rhizoma or rootstock of a fern (Dicksonia barometz), which, when specially prepared and inverted, somewhat resembles a lamb; Ð called also Scythian lamb.Bar¶on (?), n. [OE. baron, barun, OF. baron, accus. of ber, F. baron, prob. fr. OHG. baro (not found) bearer, akin to E. bear to support; cf. O. Frisian bere, LL. baro, It. barone, Sp. varon. From the meaning bearer (of burdens) seem to have come the senses strong man, man (in distinction from woman), which is the oldest meaning in French, and lastly, nobleman. Cf. L. baro, simpleton. See Bear to support.]1. A title or degree of nobility; originally, the possessor of a fief, who had feudal tenants under him; in modern times, in France and Germany, a nobleman next in rank below a count; in England, a nobleman of the lowest grade in the House of Lords, being next below a viscount.µ ½The tenants in chief from the Crown, who held lands of the annual value of four hundred pounds, were styled Barons; and it is to them, and not to the members of the lowest grade of the nobility (to whom the title at the present time belongs), that reference is made when we read of the Barons of the early days of England's history…. Barons are addressed as 'My Lord,' and are styled 'Right Honorable.' All their sons and daughters 'Honorable.'¸Cussans.2. (Old Law) A husband; as, baron and feme, husband and wife. [R.]Cowell.Baron of beef, two sirloins not cut asunder at the backbone. Ð Barons of the Cinque Ports, formerly members of the House of Commons, elected by the seven Cinque Ports, two for each port. Ð Baron of the exchequer, the judges of the Court of Exchequer, one of the three ancient courts of England, now abolished.Bar¶onÏage (?), n. [OE. barnage, baronage, OF.barnage, F. baronnage; cf. LL. baronagium.]1. The whole body of barons or peers.The baronage of the kingdom.Bp. Burnet.2. The dignity or rank of a baron.3. The land which gives title to a baron. [Obs.]Bar¶onÏess (?), n. A baron's wife; also, a lady who holds the baronial title in her own right; as, the Baroness BurdettÐCoutts.Bar¶onÏet (?), n. [Baron + Ðet.] A dignity or degree of honor next below a baron and above a knight, having precedency of all orders of knights except those of the Garter. It is the lowest degree of honor that is hereditary. The baronets are commoners.µ The order was founded by James I. in 1611, and is given by patent. The word, however, in the sense of a lesser baron, was in use long before. ½Baronets have the title of 'Sir' prefixed to their Christian names; their surnames being followed by their dignity, usually abbreviated Bart. Their wives are addressed as 'Lady' or 'Madam'. Their sons are possessed of no title beyond 'Esquire.'¸Cussans.Bar¶onÏetÏage (?), n. 1. State or rank of a baronet.2. The collective body of baronets.Bar¶onÏetÏcy (?), n. The rank or patent of a baronet.BaÏro¶niÏal (?), a. Pertaining to a baron or a barony. ½Baronial tenure.¸Hallam.Bar¶oÏny (?), n.; pl. Baronies (?). [OF. baronie, F. baronnie, LL. baronia. See Baron.] 1. The fee or domain of a baron; the lordship, dignity, or rank of a baron.2. In Ireland, a territorial division, corresponding nearly to the English hundred, and supposed to have been originally the district of a native chief. There are 252 of these baronies. In Scotland, an extensive freehold. It may be held by a commoner.Brande & C.BaÏroque¶ (?), a. [F.; cf. It. barocco.] (Arch.) In bad taste; grotesque; odd.Bar¶oÏscope (?), n. [Gr. ? weight + Ðscope: cf. F. baroscope.] Any instrument showing the changes in the weight of the atmosphere; also, less appropriately, any instrument that indicates Ðor foreshadows changes of the weather, as a deep vial of liquid holding in suspension some substance which rises and falls with atmospheric changes.Bar·oÏscop¶ic (?), Bar·oÏscop¶icÏal (?), } a. Pertaining to, or determined by, the baroscope.BaÏrouche¶ (?), n. [G. barutsche, It. baroccio, biroccio, LL. barrotium, fr. L. birotus twoÐwheeled; bi=bis twice + rota wheel.] A fourÐwheeled carriage, with a falling top, a seat on the outside for the driver, and two double seats on the inside arranged so that the sitters on the front seat face those on the back seat.Ba·rouÏchet¶(?), n. A kind of light barouche.Bar¶post· (?), n. A post sunk in the ground to receive the bars closing a passage into a field.Barque (?), n. Same as 3d Bark, n.Bar¶raÏcan (?), n. [F. baracan, bouracan (cf. Pr. barracan, It. baracane, Sp. barragan, Pg. barregana, LL. barracanus), fr. Ar. barrak¾n a kind of black gown, perh. fr. Per. barak a garment made of camel's hair.] A thick, strong stuff, somewhat like camlet; Ð still used for outer garments in the Levant.Bar¶rack (?), n. [F. baraque, fr. It. baracca (cf. Sp. barraca), from LL. barra bar. See Bar, n.]1. (Mil.) A building for soldiers, especially when in garrison. Commonly in the pl., originally meaning temporary huts, but now usually applied to a permanent structure or set of buildings.He lodged in a miserable hut or barrack, composed of dry branches and thatched with straw.Gibbon.2. A movable roof sliding on four posts, to cover hay, straw, etc. [Local, U.S.]Bar¶rack, v.t. To supply with barracks; to establish in barracks; as, to barrack troops.Bar¶rack, v.i. To live or lodge in barracks.Bar¶raÏclade (?), n. [D. baar, OD. baer, naked, bare + kleed garment, i.e., cloth undressed or without nap.] A homeÐmade woolen blanket without nap. [Local, New York]Bartlett.Bar¶raÏcoon· (?), n. [Sp. or Pg. barraca. See Barrack.] A slave warehouse, or an inclosure where slaves are quartered temporarily.Du Chaillu.Bar·raÏcu¶da (?), Bar·raÏcou¶ata (?), } n. 1. (Zo”l.) A voracious pikelike, marine fish, o? the genus Sphyr‘na, sometimes used as food.µ That of Europe and our Atlantic coast is Sphyr‘na spet (or S. vulgaris); a southern species is S. picuda; the Californian is S. argentea.2. (Zo”l.) A large edible freshÐwater fish of Australia and New Zealand (Thyrsites atun).Bar¶rage (?), n. [F., fr. barrer to bar, from barre bar.] (Engin.) An artificial bar or obstruction placed in a river or water course to increase the depth of water; as, the barrages of the Nile.ØBarÏran¶ca (?), n. [Sp.] A ravine caused by heavy rains or a watercourse. [Texas & N. Mex.]ØBar¶ras (?), n. [F.] A resin, called also galipot.Bar¶raÏtor (?), n. [OE. baratour, OF. barateor deceiver, fr. OF. barater, bareter, to deceive, cheat, barter. See Barter, v.i.] One guilty of barratry.Bar¶raÏtrous (?), ? (Law) Tainter with, or constituting, barratry. Ð Bar¶raÏtrousÏly, adv.Kent.Bar¶raÏtry (?), n. [Cf. F. baraterie, LL. barataria. See Barrator, and cf. Bartery.] 1. (Law) The practice of exciting and encouraging lawsuits and quarrels. [Also spelt barretry.]Coke. Blackstone.2. (Mar. Law) A fraudulent breach of duty or willful act of known illegality on the part of a master of a ship, in his character of master, or of the mariners, to the injury of the owner of the ship or cargo, and without his consent. It includes every breach of trust committed with dishonest purpose, as by running away with the ship, sinking or deserting her, etc., or by embezzling the cargo.Kent. Part.3. (Scots Law) The crime of a judge who is influenced by bribery in pronouncing judgment.Wharton.Barred¶ owl¶ (?). (Zo”l.) A large American owl (Syrnium nebulosum); Ð so called from the transverse bars of a dark brown color on the breast.Bar¶rel (?), n.[OE. barel, F. baril, prob. fr. barre bar. Cf. Barricade.] 1.A round vessel or cask, of greater length than breadth, and bulging in the middle, made of staves bound with hoops, and having flat ends or heads.2. The quantity which constitutes a full barrel. This varies for different articles and also in different places for the same article, being regulated by custom or by law. A barrel of wine is 31 1/2 gallons; a barrel of flour is 196 pounds.3. A solid drum, or a hollow cylinder or case; as, the barrel of a windlass; the barrel of a watch, within which the spring is coiled.

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4. A metallic tube, as of a gun, from which a projectile is discharged.Knight.5. A jar. [Obs.]1 Kings xvii. 12.6. (Zo”l.) The hollow basal part of a feather.Barrel bulk (Com.), a measure equal to five cubic feet, used in estimating capacity, as of a vessel for freight. Ð Barrel drain (Arch.), a drain in the form of a cylindrical tube. Ð Barrel of a boiler, the cylindrical part of a boiler, containing the flues. Ð Barrel of the ear ( ? ), the tympanum, or tympanic cavity. Ð Barrel organ, an instrument for producing music by the action of a revolving cylinder. Ð Barrel vault. See under Vault.Bar¶rel (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Barreled (?), or Barrelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Barreling, or Barrelling.] To put or to pack in a barrel or barrels.Bar¶reled, Bar¶relled (?), a. Having a barrel; Ð used in composition; as, a doubleÐbarreled gun.Bar¶ren (?), a. [OE. barein, OF. brehaing, ?em. brehaigne, baraigne, F. br‚haigne; of uncertain origin; cf. Arm. br‚kha?, markha?, sterile; LL. brana a sterile mare, principally in Aquitanian and Spanish documents; Bisc. barau, baru, fasting.] 1. Incapable of producing offspring; producing no young; sterile; Ð ?aid of women and female animals.She was barren of children.Bp. Hall.2. Not producing vegetation, or useful vegetation; ?rile. ½Barren mountain tracts.¸Macaulay.3. Unproductive; fruitless; unprofitable; empty.Brilliant but barren reveries.Prescott.Some schemes will appear barren of hints and matter.Swift.4. Mentally dull; stupid.Shak.Barren flower, a flower which has only stamens without a pistil, or which as neither stamens nor pistils. Ð Barren Grounds (Geog.), a vast tract in British America northward of the forest regions. Ð Barren Ground bear (Zo”l.), a peculiar bear, inhabiting the Barren Grounds, now believed to be a variety of the brown bear of Europe. Ð Barren Ground caribou (Zo”l.), a small reindeer (Rangifer Gr?nlandicus) peculiar to the Barren Grounds and Greenland.Bar¶ren, n. 1. A tract of barren land.2. pl. Elevated lands or plains on which grow small trees, but not timber; as, pine barrens; oak barrens. They are not necessarily sterile, and are often fertile. [Amer.]J. Pickering.Bar¶renÏly, adv. Unfruitfully; unproductively.Bar¶renÏness, n. The condition of being barren; sterility; unproductiveness.A total barrenness of invention.Dryden.Bar¶renÏwort· (?), n. (Bot.) An herbaceous plant of the Barberry family (Epimedium alpinum), having leaves that are bitter and said to be sudorific.Bar¶ret (?), n. [F. barrette, LL. barretum a cap. See Berretta, and cf. Biretta.] A kind of cap formerly worn by soldiers; Ð called also barret cap. Also, the flat cap worn by Roman Catholic ecclesiastics.Bar·riÏcade¶ (?), n. [F. barricade, fr. Sp. barricada, orig. a barring up with casks; fr. barrica cask, perh. fr. LL. barra bar. See Bar, n., and cf. Barrel, n.]1. (Mil.) A fortification, made in haste, of trees, earth, palisades, wagons, or anything that will obstruct the progress or attack of an enemy. It is usually an obstruction formed in streets to block an enemy's access.2. Any bar, obstruction, or means of defense.Such a barricade as would greatly annoy, or absolutely stop,the currents of the atmosphere.Derham.Bar·riÏcade¶, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Barricaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Barricading.] [Cf. F. barricader. See Barricade, n.] To fortify or close with a barricade or with barricades; to stop up, as a passage; to obstruct; as, the workmen barricaded the streets of Paris.The further end whereof [a bridge] was barricaded with barrels.Hakluyt.Bar·riÏcad¶er (?), n. One who constructs barricades.Bar·riÏca¶do (?), n. & v.t. See Barricade.Shak.Bar¶riÏer (?), n. [OE. barrere, barere, F. barriŠre, fr. barre bar. See Bar, n.] 1. (Fort.) A carpentry obstruction, stockade, or other obstacle made in a passage in order to stop an enemy.2. A fortress or fortified town, on the frontier of a country, commanding an avenue of approach.3. pl. A fence or railing to mark the limits of a place, or to keep back a crowd.No sooner were the barriers opened, than he paced into the lists.Sir W. Scott.4. An any obstruction; anything which hinders approach or attack. ½Constitutional barriers.¸Hopkinson.5. Any limit or boundary; a line of separation.'Twixt that [instinct] and reason, what a nice barrier !Pope.Barrier gate, a heavy gate to close the opening through a barrier. Ð Barrier reef, a form of coral reef which runs in the general direction of the shore, and incloses a lagoon channel more or less extensive. Ð To fight at barriers, to fight with a barrier between, as a martial exercise. [Obs.]ØBar·riÏgu¶do (?),n. [Native name, fr. Sp. barrigudo bigÐbellied.] (Zo”l.) A large, darkÐcolored, South American monkey, of the genus Lagothrix, having a long prehensile tail.Bar·ringÏout¶ (?), n. The act of closing the doors of a schoolroom against a schoolmaster; Ð a boyish mode of rebellion in schools.Swift.Bar¶risÏter (?), n. [From Bar, n.] Counselor at law; a counsel admitted to plead at the bar, and undertake the public trial of causes, as distinguished from an attorney or solicitor. See Attorney. [Eng.]Bar¶room· (?), n. A room containing a bar or counter at which liquors are sold.Bar¶row (?), n. [OE. barow, fr. AS. beran to bear. See Bear to support, and cf. Bier.] 1. A support having handles, and with or without a wheel, on which heavy or bulky things can be transported by hand. See Handbarrow, and Wheelbarrow.2. (Salt Works) A wicker case, in which salt is put to drain.Bar¶row (?), n. [OE. barow, bargh, AS. bearg, bearh; akin to Icel. b”rgr, OHG. barh, barug, G. barch. ?95.] A hog, esp. a male hog castrated.Holland.Bar¶row, n. [OE. bergh, AS. beorg, beorh, hill, sepulchral mound; akin to G. berg mountain, Goth. bairgahei hill, hilly country, and perh. to Skr. b?hant high, OIr. brigh mountain. Cf. Berg, Berry a mound, and Borough an incorporated town.] 1. A large mound of earth or stones over the remains of the dead; a tumulus.2. (Mining) A heap of rubbish, attle, etc.Bar¶rowÏist, n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Henry Barrowe, one of the founders of Independency or Congregationalism in England. Barrowe was executed for nonconformity in 1953.Bar¶ruÏlet (?), n. [Dim. of bar, n.] (Her.) A diminutive of the bar, having one fourth its width.Bar¶ruÏly (?), a. (Her.) Traversed by barrulets or small bars; Ð said of the field.Bar¶ry (?), a. (Her.), Divided into bars; Ð said of the field.Barse (?), n. [AS. bears, b‘rs, akin to D. baars, G. bars, barsch. Cf. 1st Bass, n.] The common perch. See 1st Bass. [Prov. Eng.]Halliwell.Bar¶tend·er (?), n. A barkeeper.Bar¶ter (?), v.i. [imp. & p.p. Bartered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bartering.] [OE. bartren, OF. barater, bareter, to cheat, exchange, perh. fr. Gr. ? to do, deal (well or ill), use practices or tricks, or perh. fr. Celtic; cf. Ir. brath treachery, W. brad. Cf. Barrator.] To traffic or trade, by exchanging one commodity for another, in distinction from a sale and purchase, in which money is paid for the commodities transferred; to truck.Bar¶ter, v.t. To trade or exchange in the way of barter; to exchange (frequently for an unworthy consideration); to traffic; to truck; Ð sometimes followed by away; as, to barter away goods or honor.Bar¶ter, n. 1. The act or practice of trafficking by exchange of commodities; an exchange of goods.The spirit of huckstering and barter.Burke.2. The thing given in exchange.Syn. Ð Exchange; dealing; traffic; trade; truck.Bar¶terÏer (?), n. One who barters.Bar¶terÏy (?), n. Barter. [Obs.]Camden.Barth (?), n. [Etymol. unknown.] A place of shelter for cattle. [Prov. Eng.]Halliwell.BarÏthol¶oÏmew tide· (?). Time of the festival of St. Bartholomew, August 24th.Shak.Bar¶tiÏzan· (?), n. [Cf. Brettice.] (Arch.) A small, overhanging structure for lookout or defense, usually projecting at an angle of a building or near an entrance gateway.Bart¶lett (?), n. (Bot.) A Bartlett pear, a favorite kind of pear, which originated in England about 1770, and was called Williams' Bonchr‚tien. It was brought to America, and distributed by Mr. Enoch Bartlett, of Dorchester, Massachusetts.Bar¶ton (?), n. [AS. beret?n courtyard, grange; bere barley + t?n an inclosure. ] 1. The demesne lands of a manor; also, the manor itself. [Eng.]Burton.2. A farmyard. [Eng.]Southey.Bar¶tram (?), n. (Bot.) See Bertram.Johnson.Bar¶way· (?), n. A passage into a field or yard, closed by bars made to take out of the posts.Bar¶wise· (?), adv. (Her.) Horizontally.Bar¶wood· (?), n. A red wood of a leguminous tree (Baphia nitida), from Angola and the Gaboon in Africa. It is used as a dyewood, and also for ramrods, violin bows and turner's work.Bar·yÏcen¶tric (?), a. [Gr. ? heavy + ? center.] Of or pertaining to the center of gravity. See Barycentric calculus, under Calculus.BaÏryph¶oÏny (?), n. [Gr. ? heavy + ? a sound voice.] (Med.) Difficulty of speech.BaÏry¶ta (?), n. [Gr. ? heavy. Cf. Baria.] (Chem.) An oxide of barium (or barytum); a heavy earth with a specific gravity above 4.BaÏry¶tes (?), n. [Gr. ? heavy: cf. Gr. ? heaviness, F. baryte.] (Min.) Barium sulphate, generally called heavy spar or barite. See Barite.BaÏryt¶ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to baryta.BaÏry¶toÐcal¶cite (?), n. [Baryta + calcite.] (Min.) A mineral of a white or gray color, occurring massive or crystallized. It is a compound of the carbonates of barium and calcium.Bar¶yÏtone, Bar¶iÏtone (?), a. [Gr. ?; ? heavy + ? tone.] 1. (Mus.) Grave and deep, as a kind of male voice.2. (Greek Gram.) Not marked with an accent on the last syllable, the grave accent being understood.Bar¶yÏtone, Bar¶iÏtone , n. [F. baryton: cf. It. baritono.] 1. (Mus.) (a) A male voice, the compass of which partakes of the common bass and the tenor, but which does not descend as low as the one, nor rise as high as the other. (b) A person having a voice of such range. (c) The viola di gamba, now entirely disused.2. (Greek Gram.) A word which has no accent marked on the last syllable, the grave accent being understood.BaÏry¶tum (?), n. [NL.] (Chem.) The metal barium. See Barium. [R.]Ba¶sal (?), a. Relating to, or forming, the base.Basal cleavage. See under Cleavage. Ð Basal plane (Crystallog.), one parallel to the lateral or horizontal axis.Ba¶salÐnerved· (?), a. (Bot.) Having the nerves radiating from the base; Ð said of leaves.BaÏsalt¶ (?),n. [N. basaltes (an African word), a dark and hard species of marble found in Ethiopia: cf. F. basalte.] 1. (Geol.) A rock of igneous origin, consisting of augite and triclinic feldspar, with grains of magnetic or titanic iron, and also bottleÐgreen particles of olivine frequently disseminated.µ It is usually of a greenish black color, or of some dull brown shade, or black. It constitutes immense beds in some regions, and also occurs in veins or dikes cutting through other rocks. It has often a prismatic structure as at the Giant's Causeway, in Ireland, where the columns are as regular as if the work of art. It is a very tough and heavy rock, and is one of the best materials for macadamizing roads.2. An imitation, in pottery, of natural basalt; a kind of black porcelain.BaÏsalt¶ic (?),a. [Cf. F. basaltique.] Pertaining to basalt; formed of, or containing, basalt; as basaltic lava.BaÏsalt¶iÏform (?), a. [Basalt + Ðform.] In the form of basalt; columnar.BaÏsalt¶oid (?), a. [Basalt + Ðoid.] Formed like basalt; basaltiform.Bas¶an (?), n. Same as Basil, a sheepskin.Bas¶aÏnite (?), n. [L. basanites lapis, Gr. ? the touchstone: cf. F. basanite.] (Min.) Lydian stone, or black jasper, a variety of siliceous or flinty slate, of a grayish or bluish black color. It is employed to test the purity of gold, the amount of alloy being indicated by the color left on the stone when rubbed by the metal.ØBas·bleu¶ (?), n. [F., fr. bas stocking + bleu blue.] A bluestocking; a literary woman. [Somewhat derisive]Bas¶ciÏnet (?), n. [OE. bacinet, basnet, OF. bassinet, bacinet, F. bassinet, dim. of OF. bacin, F. bassin, a helmet in the form of a basin.] A light helmet, at first open, but later made with a visor. [Written also basinet, bassinet, basnet.]Bas¶cule (?), n. [F., a seesaw.] In mechanics an apparatus on the principle of the seesaw, in which one end rises as the other falls.Bascule bridge, a counterpoise or balanced drawbridge, which is opened by sinking the counterpoise and thus lifting the footway into the air.Base (?), a. [OE. bass, F. bas, low, fr. LL. bassus thick, fat, short, humble; cf. L. Bassus, a proper name, and W. bas shallow. Cf. Bass a part in music.] 1. Of little, or less than the usual, height; of low growth; as, base shrubs. [Archaic]Shak.2. Low in place or position. [Obs.]Shak.3. Of humble birth; or low degree; lowly; mean. [Archaic] ½A pleasant and base swain.¸Bacon.4. Illegitimate by birth; bastard. [Archaic]Why bastard? wherefore base?Shak.5. Of little comparative value, as metal inferior to gold and silver, the precious metals.6. Alloyed with inferior metal; debased; as, base coin; base bullion.7. Morally low. Hence: LowÐminded; unworthy; without dignity of sentiment; ignoble; mean; illiberal; menial; as, a base fellow; base motives; base occupations. ½A cruel act of a base and a cowardish mind.¸ Robynson (More's Utopia). ½Base ingratitude.¸Milton.8. Not classical or correct. ½Base Latin.¸Fuller.9. Deep or grave in sound; as, the base tone of a violin. [In this sense, commonly written bass.]10. (Law) Not held by honorable service; as, a base estate, one held by services not honorable; held by villenage. Such a tenure is called base, or low, and the tenant, a base tenant.Base fee, formerly, an estate held at the will of the lord; now, a qualified fee. See note under Fee, n., 4. Ð Base metal. See under Metal.Syn. Ð Dishonorable; worthless; ignoble; lowÐminded; infamous; sordid; degraded. Ð Base, Vile, Mean. These words, as expressing moral qualities, are here arranged in the order of their strength, the strongest being placed first. Base marks a high degree of moral turpitude; vile and mean denote, in different degrees, the want of what is valuable or worthy of esteem. What is base excites our abhorrence; what is vile provokes our disgust or indignation; what is mean awakens contempt. Base is opposed to highÐminded; vile, to noble; mean, to liberal or generous. Ingratitude is base; sycophancy is vile; undue compliances are mean.Base, n.[F. base, L. basis, fr. Gr. ? a stepping step, a base, pedestal, fr. ? to go, step, akin to E. come. Cf. Basis, and see Come.] 1. The bottom of anything, considered as its support, or that on which something rests for support; the foundation; as, the base of a statue. ½The base of mighty mountains.¸Prescott.2. Fig.: The fundamental or essential part of a thing; the essential principle; a groundwork.3. (Arch.) (a) The lower part of a wall, pier, or column, when treated as a separate feature, usually in projection, or especially ornamented. (b) The lower part of a complete architectural design, as of a monument; also, the lower part of any elaborate piece of furniture or decoration.4. (Bot.) That extremity of a leaf, fruit, etc., at which it is attached to its support.

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5. (Chem.) The positive, or nonÐacid component of a salt; a substance which, combined with an acid, neutralizes the latter and forms a salt; Ð applied also to the hydroxides of the positive elements or radicals, and to certain organic bodies resembling them in their property of forming salts with acids. 6. (Pharmacy) The chief ingredient in a compound. 7. (Dyeing) A substance used as a mordant. Ure. 8. (Fort.) The exterior side of the polygon, or that imaginary line which connects the salient angles of two adjacent bastions. 9. (Geom.) The line or surface constituting that part of a figure on which it is supposed to stand. 10. (Math.) The number from which a mathematical table is constructed; as, the base of a system of logarithms. 11. [See Base low.] A low, or deep, sound. (Mus.) (a) The lowest part; the deepest male voice. (b) One who sings, or the instrument which plays, base. [Now commonly written bass.] The trebles squeak for fear, the bases roar. Dryden. 12. (Mil.) A place or tract of country, protected by fortifications, or by natural advantages, from which the operations of an army proceed, forward movements are made, supplies are furnished, etc. 13. (Mil.) The smallest kind of cannon. [Obs.] 14. (Zo”l.) That part of an organ by which it is attached to another more central organ. 15. (Crystallog.) The basal plane of a crystal. 16. (Geol.) The ground mass of a rock, especially if not distinctly crystalline. 17. (Her.) The lower part of the field. See Escutcheon. 18. The housing of a horse. [Obs.] 19. pl. A kind of skirt ( often of velvet or brocade, but sometimes of mailed armor) which hung from the middle to about the knees, or lower. [Obs.] 20. The lower part of a robe or petticoat. [Obs.] 21. An apron. [Obs.] ½Bakers in their linen bases.¸ Marston. 22. The point or line from which a start is made; a starting place or a goal in various games. To their appointed base they went. Dryden. 23. (Surv.) A line in a survey which, being accurately determined in length and position, serves as the origin from which to compute the distances and positions of any points or objects connected with it by a system of triangles. Lyman. 24. A rustic play; Ð called also prisoner's base, prison base, or bars. ½To run the country base.¸ Shak. 25. (Baseball) Any one of the four bounds which mark the circuit of the infield. Altern base. See under Altern. Ð Attic base. (Arch.) See under Attic. Ð Base course. (Arch.) (a) The first or lower course of a foundation wall, made of large stones of a mass of concrete; Ð called also foundation course. (b) The architectural member forming the transition between the basement and the wall above. Ð Base hit (Baseball), a hit, by which the batsman, without any error on the part of his opponents, is able to reach the first base without being put out. Ð Base line. (a) A main line taken as a base, as in surveying or in military operations. (b) A line traced round a cannon at the rear of the vent. Ð Base plate, the foundation plate of heavy machinery, as of the steam engine; the bed plate. Ð Base ring (Ordnance), a projecting band of metal around the breech, connected with the body of the gun by a concave molding. H.L. Scott. Base (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Based (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Basing.] [From Base, n.] To put on a base or basis; to lay the foundation of; to found, as an argument or conclusion; Ð used with on or upon. Bacon. Base, v. t. [See Base, a., and cf. Abase.] 1. To abase; to let, or cast, down; to lower. [Obs.] If any … based his pike. Sir T. North. 2. To reduce the value of; to debase. [Obs.] Metals which we can not base. Bacon. Base¶ball¶ (?), n. 1. A game of ball, so called from the bases or bounds ( four in number) which designate the circuit which each player must endeavor to make after striking the ball. 2. The ball used in this game. Base¶board (?), n. (Arch.) A board, or other woodwork, carried round the walls of a room and touching the floor, to form a base and protect the plastering; Ð also called washboard (in England), mopboard, and scrubboard. Base¶born· (?), a. 1. Born out of wedlock. Gay. 2. Born of low parentage. 3. Vile; mean. ½Thy baseborn heart.¸ Shak. Base¶Ðburn·er (?), n. A furnace or stove in which the fuel is contained in a hopper or chamber, and is fed to the fire as the lower stratum is consumed. Base¶Ðcourt· (?), n. [F. basseÐcour. See Base, a., and Court, n.] 1. The secondary, inferior, or rear courtyard of a large house; the outer court of a castle. 2. (Law) An inferior court of law, not of record. Based (?), p.p. & a. 1. Having a base, or having as a base; supported; as, broadÐbased. 2. [See Base, n., 18Ð21.] Wearing, or protected by, bases. [Obs.] ½Based in lawny velvet.¸ E.Hall. Ba¶seÏdow's disÏease¶ (?). [Named for Dr. Basedow, a German physician.] (Med.) A disease characterized by enlargement of the thyroid gland, prominence of the eyeballs, and inordinate action of the heart; Ð called also exophthalmic goiter. Flint. Bas¶eÏlard (?), n. [OF. baselarde, LL. basillardus.] A short sword or dagger, worn in the fifteenth century. [Written also baslard.] Fairholt. Base¶less, a. Without a base; having no foundation or support. ½The baseless fabric of this vision.¸ Shak. Base¶ly, adv. 1. In a base manner; with despicable meanness; dishonorably; shamefully. 2. Illegitimately; in bastardy. [Archaic] Knolles. Base¶ment (?), n. [F. soubassement. Of uncertain origin. Cf. Base, a., Bastion.] (Arch.) The outer wall of the ground story of a building, or of a part of that story, when treated as a distinct substructure. ( See Base, n., 3 (a).) Hence: The rooms of a ground floor, collectively. Basement membrane (Anat.), a delicate membrane composed of a single layer of flat cells, forming the substratum upon which, in many organs, the epithelioid cells are disposed. Base¶ness (?), n. The quality or condition of being base; degradation; vileness. I once did hold it a baseness to write fair. Shak. Bas¶eÏnet (?), n. See Bascinet. [Obs.] Base¶ vi·ol (?). See Bass viol. Bash (?), v. t. & i. [OE. baschen, baissen. See Abash.] To abash; to disconcert or be disconcerted or put out of countenance. [Obs.] His countenance was bold and bashed not. Spenser. BaÏshaw¶ (?), n. [See Pasha.] 1. A Turkish title of honor, now written pasha. See Pasha. 2. Fig.: A magnate or grandee. 3. (Zo”l.) A very large siluroid fish (Leptops olivaris) of the Mississippi valley; Ð also called goujon, mud cat, and yellow cat. Bash¶ful (?), a. [See Bash.] 1. Abashed; daunted; dismayed. [Obs.] 2. Very modest, or modest excess; constitutionally disposed to shrink from public notice; indicating extreme or excessive modesty; shy; as, a bashful person, action, expression. Syn. Ð Diffident; retiring; reserved; shamefaced; sheepish. Bash¶fulÏly, adv. In a bashful manner. Bash¶fulÏness, n. The quality of being bashful. Syn. Ð Bashfulness, Modesty, Diffidence, Shyness. Modesty arises from a low estimate of ourselves; bashfulness is an abashment or agitation of the spirits at coming into contact with others; diffidence is produced by an undue degree of selfÐdistrust; shyness usually arises from an excessive selfÐconsciousness, and a painful impression that every one is looking at us. Modesty of deportment is becoming at all; bashfulness often gives rise to mistakes and blundering; diffidence is society frequently makes a man a burden to himself; shyness usually produces a reserve or distance which is often mistaken for haughtiness. ØBash¶iÏbaÏzouk¶ (?), n. [Turkish, lightÐheaded, a foolish fellow.] A soldier belonging to the irregular troops of the Turkish army. Bash¶less, a. Shameless; unblushing. [Obs.] Spenser. Bas¶hyle (?), n. (Chem.) See Basyle. Ba¶siÏ (?). A combining form, especially in anatomical and botanical words, to indicate the base or position at or near a base; forming a base; as, basibranchials, the most ventral of the cartilages or bones of the branchial arches; basicranial, situated at the base of the cranium; basifacial, basitemporal, etc. Ba¶sic (?), a. 1. (Chem.) (a) Relating to a base; performing the office of a base in a salt. (b) Having the base in excess, or the amount of the base atomically greater than that of the acid, or exceeding in proportion that of the related neutral salt. (c) Apparently alkaline, as certain normal salts which exhibit alkaline reactions with test paper. 2. (Min.) Said of crystalline rocks which contain a relatively low percentage of silica, as basalt. Basic salt (Chem.), a salt formed from a base or hydroxide by the partial replacement of its hydrogen by a negative or acid element or radical. BaÏsic¶erÏite (?), n. [BasiÐ + Gr. ? horn, antenna.] (Zo”l.) The second joint of the antenn‘ of crustaceans. BaÏsic¶iÏty, n. (Chem.) (a) The quality or state of being a base. (b) The power of an acid to unite with one or more atoms or equivalents of a base, as indicated by the number of replaceable hydrogen atoms contained in the acid. BaÏsid¶iÏoÏspore (?), n. [Basidium + spore.] (Bot.) A spore borne by a basidium. Ð BaÏsid·iÏoÏspor¶ous (?), a. ØBaÏsid¶iÏum (?), n. [NL., dim. of Gr. ? base.] (Bot.) A special oblong or pyriform cell, with slender branches, which bears the spores in that division of fungi called Basidiomycetes, of which the common mushroom is an example. Ba¶siÏfi·er (?), n. (Chem.) That which converts into a salifiable base. BaÏsif¶uÏgal (?), a. [Base, n. + L. fugere to flee.] (Bot.) Tending or proceeding away from the base; as, a basifugal growth. Ba¶siÏfy (?), v.t. [Base + Ðfy.] (Chem.) To convert into a salifiable base. ØBa·siÏgyn¶iÏum (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? base + ? woman.] (Bot.) The pedicel on which the ovary of certain flowers, as the passion flower, is seated; a carpophore or thecaphore. Ba·siÏhy¶al (?), a. [BasiÐ + Gr. ? (the letter ½upsilon¸); from the shape.] (Anat.) Noting two small bones, forming the body of the inverted hyoid arch. Ba·siÏhy¶oid (?), n. [BasiÐ + hyoid.] (Anat.) The central tongue bone. Bas¶il (?), n. [Cf. F. basile and E. Bezel.] The slope or angle to which the cutting edge of a tool, as a plane, is ground. Grier. Bas¶il, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Basiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Basiling.] To grind or form the edge of to an angle. Moxon. Bas¶il, n. [F. basilic, fr. L. badilicus royal, Gr. ?, fr. ? king.] (Bot.) The name given to several aromatic herbs of the Mint family, but chiefly to the common or sweet basil (Ocymum basilicum), and the bush basil, or lesser basil (O. minimum), the leaves of which are used in cookery. The name is also given to several kinds of mountain mint (Pycnanthemum). Basil thyme, a name given to the fragrant herbs Calamintha Acinos and C. Nepeta. Ð Wild basil, a plant (Calamintha clinopodium) of the Mint family. Bas¶il (?), n. [Corrupt. from E. basan, F. basane, LL. basanium, bazana, fr. Ar. bith¾na, prop., lining.] The skin of a sheep tanned with bark. Bas¶iÏlar (?), Bas¶iÏlaÏry (?), } a. [F. basilaire, fr. L. basis. See Base, n.] 1. Relating to, or situated at, the base. 2. Lower; inferior; applied to impulses or springs of action. [R.] ½Basilar instincts.¸ H. W. Beecher. BaÏsil¶ic (?), n. [F. basilique.] Basilica. BaÏsil¶ic (?), BaÏsil¶icÏal (?), } a. [See Basilica.] 1. Royal; kingly; also, basilican. 2. (Anat.) Pertaining to certain parts, anciently supposed to have a specially important function in the animal economy, as the middle vein of the right arm. BaÏsil¶iÏca (?), n.; pl. Basilicas (?); sometimes Basilic?e (?). [L. basilica, Gr. ? ( sc. ?, or ?) fr. ? royal, fr. ? king.] 1. Originally, the place of a king; but afterward, an apartment provided in the houses of persons of importance, where assemblies were held for dispensing justice; and hence, any large hall used for this purpose. 2. (Arch.) (a) A building used by the Romans as a place of public meeting, with court rooms, etc., attached. (b) A church building of the earlier centuries of Christianity, the plan of which was taken from the basilica of the Romans. The name is still applied to some churches by way of honorary distinction. BaÏsil¶iÏca, n. A digest of the laws of Justinian, translated from the original Latin into Greek, by order of Basil I., in the ninth century. P. Cyc. BaÏsil¶iÏcan (?), a. Of, relating to, or resembling, a basilica; basilical. There can be no doubt that the first churches in Constantinople were in the basilican form. Milman. BaÏsil¶iÏcok (?), n. [OF. basilicoc.] The basilisk. [Obs.] Chaucer ØBaÏsil¶iÏcon (?), n. [L. basilicon, Gr. ?, neut. of ?: cf. F. basilicon. See Basilica.] (Med.) An ointment composed of wax, pitch, resin, and olive oil, lard, or other fatty substance. Bas¶iÏlisk (?), n. [L. basiliscus, Gr. ? little king, kind of serpent, dim. of ? king; Ð so named from some prominences on the head resembling a crown.] 1. A fabulous serpent, or dragon. The ancients alleged that its hissing would drive away all other serpents, and that its breath, and even its look, was fatal. See Cockatrice. Make me not sighted like the basilisk. Shak. 2. (Zo”l.) A lizard of the genus Basiliscus, belonging to the family Iguanid‘. µ This genus is remarkable for a membranous bag rising above the occiput, which can be filled with air at pleasure; also for an elevated crest along the back, that can be raised or depressed at will. 3. (Mil.) A large piece of ordnance, so called from its supposed resemblance to the serpent of that name, or from its size. [Obs.] Ba¶sin (?), n. [OF. bacin, F. bassin, LL. bacchinus, fr. bacca a water vessel, fr. L. bacca berry, in allusion to the round shape; or perh. fr. Celtic. Cf. Bac.] 1. A hollow vessel or dish, to hold water for washing, and for various other uses. 2. The quantity contained in a basin. 3. A hollow vessel, of various forms and materials, used in the arts or manufactures, as that used by glass grinders for forming concave glasses, by hatters for molding a hat into shape, etc. 4. A hollow place containing water, as a pond, a dock for ships, a little bay. 5. (Physical Geog.) (a) A circular or oval valley, or depression of the surface of the ground, the lowest part of which is generally occupied by a lake, or traversed by a river. (b) The entire tract of country drained by a river, or sloping towards a sea or lake. 6. (Geol.) An isolated or circumscribed formation, particularly where the strata dip inward, on all sides, toward a center; Ð especially applied to the coal formations, called coal basins or coal fields. Ba¶sined (?), a. Inclosed in a basin. ½Basined rivers.¸ Young. Bas¶iÏnet (?), n. Same as Bascinet. Ba·siÏocÏcip¶iÏtal (?), a. [BasiÐ + occipital.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the bone in the base of the cranium, frequently forming a part of the occipital in the adult, but usually distinct in the young. Ð n. The basioccipital bone. ØBa¶siÏon (?), n. [Gr. ? a base.] (Anat.) The middle of the anterior margin of the great foramen of the skull. BaÏsip¶oÏdite (?), n. [BasiÐ + ?, ?, foot.] (Anat.) The basal joint of the legs of Crustacea. ØBaÏsip·teÏryg¶iÏum (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a base + ? a fin.] (Anat.) A bar of cartilage at the base of the embryonic fins of some fishes. It develops into the metapterygium. Ð BaÏsip·terÏyg¶iÏal (?), a. Ba·sipÏter¶yÏgoid (?), a. & n. [BasiÐ + pierygoid.] (Anat.) Applied to a protuberance of the base of the sphenoid bone. Ba¶sis (?),n.; pl. Bases (?). [L. basis, Gr. ?. See Base, n.] 1. The foundation of anything; that on which a thing rests. Dryden. 2. The pedestal of a column, pillar, or statue. [Obs.] If no basis bear my rising name. Pope.

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