2. Aëronautic; as, an aërostatic voyage.
AEROSTATICSA`ër*o*stat"ics (, n.
Defn: The science that treats of the equilibrium of elastic fluids, or that of bodies sustained in them. Hence it includes aëronautics.
AEROSTATION A`ër*os*ta"tion (, n. Etym: [Cf. F. aérostation the art of using aërostats.]
1. Aërial navigation; the art of raising and guiding balloons in the air.
2. The science of weighing air; aërostatics. [Obs.]
AEROTAXISA"ër*o*tax`is, n. [NL. See Aëro-; Taxis.] (Bacteriology)
Defn: The positive or negative stimulus exerted by oxygen on aërobic and anaërobic bacteria. — A`ër*o*tac"tic (#), a.
AEROTHERAPENTICSA`ër*o*ther`a*pen"tics, n. [Aëro- + therapeutics.] (Med.)
Defn: Treatment of disease by the use of air or other gases.
AEROYACHTA"ër*o*yacht`, n. [Aëro- + yacht.]
Defn: A form of hydro-aëroplane; a flying boat.
AERUGINOUS Æ*ru"gi*nous (, a. Etym: [L. aeruginosus, fr. aerugo rust of copper, fr. aes copper: cf. F. érugineux.]
Defn: Of the nature or color of verdigris, or the rust of copper.
AERUGOÆ*ru"go (, n. Etym: [L. aes brass, copper.]
Defn: The rust of any metal, esp. of brass or copper; verdigris.
AERYAe"ry (, n.
Defn: An aerie.
AERYA"ër*y (, a. Etym: [See Air.]
Defn: Aërial; ethereal; incorporeal; visionary. [Poetic] M. Arnold.
AESCULAPIANÆs`cu*la"pi*an (, a.
Defn: Pertaining to Æsculapius or to the healing art; medical; medicinal.
AESCULAPIUSÆs`cu*la"pi*us (, n. Etym: [L. Aesculapius, Gr. (Myth.)
Defn: The god of medicine. Hence, a physician.
AESCULINÆs"cu*lin (, n.
Defn: Same as Esculin.
AESIRÆ"sir, n. pl. [Icel., pl. of ass god.]
Defn: In the old Norse mythology, the gods Odin, Thor, Loki, Balder,Frigg, and the others. Their home was called Asgard.
AESOPIAN; ESOPIANÆ*so"pi*an, E*so"pi*an (, a. Etym: [L. Aesopius, from Gr. (.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to Æsop, or in his manner.
AESOPIC; ESOPICÆ*sop"ic, E*sop"ic (, a. Etym: [L. Aesopicus, Gr.
Defn: Same as Æsopian.
AESTHESIAÆs*the"si*a (, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)
Defn: Perception by the senses; feeling; — the opposite of anæsthesia.
AESTHESIOMETER; ESTHESIOMETER Æs*the`si*om"e*ter, Es*the`si*om"e*ter (, n. Etym: [Gr. Æsthesia) + - meter.]
Defn: An instrument to measure the degree of sensation, by determining at how short a distance two impressions upon the skin can be distinguished, and thus to determine whether the condition of tactile sensibility is normal or altered.
AESTHESISÆs*the""sis (, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Sensuous perception. [R.] Ruskin.
AESTHESODICÆs`the*sod"ic (, a. Etym: [Gr. esthésodique.] (Physiol.)
Defn: Conveying sensory or afferent impulses; — said of nerves.
AESTHETEÆs"thete (, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: One who makes much or overmuch of æsthetics. [Recent]
AESTHETIC; AESTHETICALÆs*thet"ic (, Æs*thet"ic*al (, a.
Defn: Of or Pertaining to æsthetics; versed in æsthetics; as, æsthetic studies, emotions, ideas, persons, etc. — Æs*thet"ic*al*ly, adv.
AESTHETICANÆs`the*ti"can, n.
Defn: One versed in æsthetics.
AESTHETICISMÆs*thet"i*cism, n.
Defn: The doctrine of æsthetics; æsthetic principles; devotion to the beautiful in nature and art. Lowell.
AESTHETICS; ESTHETICSÆs*thet"ics, Es*thet"ics (, n. Etym: [Gr. ästhetik, F. esthétique.]
Defn: The theory or philosophy of taste; the science of the beautiful in nature and art; esp. that which treats of the expression and embodiment of beauty by art.
AESTHO-PHYSIOLOGYÆs`tho-phys`i*ol"o*gy(#), n. Etym: [Gr. physiology.]
Defn: The science of sensation in relation to nervous action. H.Spenser.
AESTIVALÆs"ti*val, a. Etym: [L. aestivalis, aestivus, fr. aestas summer.]
Defn: Of or belonging to the summer; as, æstival diseases. [Spelt also estival.]
AESTIVATEÆs"ti*vate, v. i. Etym: [L. aestivare, aestivatum.]
1. To spend the summer.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: To pass the summer in a state of torpor. [Spelt also estivate.]
AESTIVATIONÆs`ti*va"tion, n.
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The state of torpidity induced by the heat and dryness of summer, as in certain snails; — opposed to hibernation.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: The arrangement of the petals in a flower bud, as to folding, overlapping, etc.; prefloration. Gray. [Spelt also estivation.]
AESTUARYÆs"tu*a*ry, n. & a.
Defn: See Estuary.
AESTUOUSÆs"tu*ous, a. Etym: [L. aestuosus, fr. aestus fire, glow.]
Defn: Glowing; agitated, as with heat.
AETHEOGAMOUSA*ë`the*og"a*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: Propagated in an unusual way; cryptogamous.
AETHERÆ"ther, n.
Defn: See Ether.
AETHIOPS MINERALÆ"thi*ops min"er*al. (Chem.)
Defn: Same as Ethiops mineral. [Obs.]
AETHOGENÆth"o*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Chem.)
Defn: A compound of nitrogen and boro
AETHRIOSCOPEÆ"thri*o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: An instrument consisting in part of a differential thermometer. It is used for measuring changes of temperature produced by different conditions of the sky, as when clear or clouded.
AETIOLOGICALÆ`ti*o*log"ic*al, a.
Defn: Pertaining to ætiology; assigning a cause.— Æ`ti*o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.
AETIOLOGYÆ`ti*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [L. aetologia, Gr. étiologie.]
1. The science, doctrine, or demonstration of causes; esp., the investigation of the causes of any disease; the science of the origin and development of things.
2. The assignment of a cause.
AETITESA`ë*ti"tes, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.
Defn: See Eaglestone.
AFARA*far", adv. Etym: [Pref. a-.(for on or of) + far.]
Defn: At, to, or from a great distance; far away; — often used withfrom preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I sawhim afar off.The steep where Fame's proud temple shines afar. Beattie.
AFEARDA*feard", p. a. Etym: [OE. afered, AS. af, p. p. of af to frighten;a- (cf. Goth. us-, Ger. er-, orig. meaning out) + fran to frighten.See Fear.]
Defn: Afraid. [Obs.]Be not afeard; the isle is full of noises. Shak.
AFERA"fer, n. Etym: [L.]
Defn: The southwest wind. Milton.
AFFABILITYAf`fa*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. affabilitas: cf. F. affabilité.]
Defn: The quality of being affable; readiness to converse;courteousness in receiving others and in conversation; complaisantbehavior.Affability is of a wonderful efficacy or power in procuring love.Elyot
AFFABLE Af"fa*ble, a. Etym: [F. affable, L. affabilis, fr. affari to speak to; ad + fari to speak. See Fable.]
1. Easy to be spoken to or addressed; receiving others kindly and conversing with them in a free and friendly manner; courteous; sociable. An affable and courteous gentleman. Shak. His manners polite and affable. Macaulay.
2. Gracious; mild; benign. A serene and affable countenance. Tatler.
Syn. — Courteous; civil; complaisant; accessible; mild; benign; condescending.
AFFABLENESSAf"fa*ble*ness, n.
Defn: Affability.
AFFABLYAf"fa*bly, adv.
Defn: In an affable manner; courteously.
AFFABROUSAf"fa*brous, a. Etym: [L. affaber workmanlike; ad + faber.]
Defn: Executed in a workmanlike manner; ingeniously made. [R.]Bailey.
AFFAIR Af*fair", n. Etym: [OE. afere, affere, OF. afaire, F. affaire, fr. a faire to do; L.. ad + facere to do. See Fact, and cf. Ado.]
1. That which is done or is to be done; matter; concern; as, a difficult affair to manage; business of any kind, commercial, professional, or public; — often in the plural. "At the head of affairs." Junius. "A talent for affairs." Prescott.
2. Any proceeding or action which it is wished to refer to or characterize vaguely; as, an affair of honor, i. e., a duel; an affair of love, i. e., an intrigue.
3. (Mil.)
Defn: An action or engagement not of sufficient magnitude to be called a battle.
4. Action; endeavor. [Obs.] And with his best affair Obeyed the pleasure of the Sun. Chapman.
5. A material object (vaguely designated). A certain affair of fine red cloth much worn and faded. Hawthorne.
AFFAMISHAf*fam"ish, v. t. & i. Etym: [F. affamer, fr. L. ad + fames hunger.See Famish.]
Defn: To afflict with, or perish from, hunger. [Obs.] Spenser.
AFFAMISHMENTAf*fam"ish*ment, n.
Defn: Starvation. Bp. Hall.
AFFATUATEAf*fat"u*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. ad + fatuus foolish.]
Defn: To infatuate. [Obs.] Milton.
AFFEARAf*fear", v. t. Etym: [OE. aferen, AS. af. See Afeard.]
Defn: To frighten. [Obs.] Spenser.
AFFECTAf*fect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affected; p. pr. & vb. n. Affecting.]Etym: [L. affectus, p. p. of afficere to affect by active agency; ad+ facere to make: cf. F. affectere, L. affectare, freq. of afficere.See Fact.]
1. To act upon; to produce an effect or change upon. As might affect the earth with cold heat. Milton. The climate affected their health and spirits. Macaulay.
2. To influence or move, as the feelings or passions; to touch. A consideration of the rationale of our passions seems to me very necessary for all who would affect them upon solid and pure principles.
3. To love; to regard with affection. [Obs.] As for Queen Katharine, he rather respected than affected, rather honored than loved, her. Fuller.
4. To show a fondness for; to like to use or practice; to choose; hence, to frequent habitually. For he does neither affect company, nor is he fit for Shak. Do not affect the society of your inferiors in rank, nor court that of the great. Hazlitt.
5. To dispose or incline. Men whom they thought best affected to religion and their country's liberty. Milton.
6. To aim at; to aspire; to covet. [Obs.] This proud man affects imperial Dryden.
7. To tend to by affinity or disposition. The drops of every fluid affect a round figure. Newton.
8. To make a show of; to put on a pretense of; to feign; to assume; as, to affect ignorance. Careless she is with artful care, Affecting to seem unaffected. Congreve. Thou dost affect my manners. Shak.
9. To assign; to appoint. [R.] One of the domestics was affected to his special service. Thackeray.
Syn. — To influence; operate; act on; concern; move; melt; soften; subdue; overcome; pretend; assume.
AFFECTAf*fect", n. Etym: [L. affectus.]
Defn: Affection; inclination; passion; feeling; disposition. [Obs.]Shak.
AFFECTATIONAf`fec*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. affectatio: cf. F. affectation.]
1. An attempt to assume or exhibit what is not natural or real; false display; artificial show. "An affectation of contempt." Macaulay. Affectation is an awkward and forced imitation of what should be genuine and easy, wanting the beauty that accompanies what is natural what is natural. Locke.
2. A striving after. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.
3. Fondness; affection. [Obs.] Hooker.
AFFECTATIONISTAf`fec*ta"tion*ist, n.
Defn: One who exhibits affectation. [R.] Fitzed. Hall.
AFFECTEDAf*fect"ed, p. p. & a.
1. Regarded with affection; beloved. [Obs.] His affected Hercules. Chapman.
2. Inclined; disposed; attached. How stand you affected his wish Shak.
3. Given to false show; assuming or pretending to posses what is not natural or real. He is . . . too spruce, too affected, too odd. Shak.
4. Assumed artificially; not natural. Affected coldness and indifference. Addison.
5. (Alg.)
Defn: Made up of terms involving different powers of the unknown quantity; adfected; as, an affected equation.
AFFECTEDLYAf*fect"ed*ly, adv.
1. In an affected manner; hypocritically; with more show than reality.
2. Lovingly; with tender care. [Obs.] Shak.
AFFECTEDNESSAf*fect"ed*ness, n.
Defn: Affectation.
AFFECTERAf*fect"er, n.
Defn: One who affects, assumes, pretends, or strives after."Affecters of wit." Abp. Secker.
AFFECTIBILITYAf*fect`i*bil"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being affectible. [R.]
AFFECTIBLEAf*fect"i*ble, a.
Defn: That may be affected. [R.] Lay aside the absolute, and, by union with the creaturely, become affectible. Coleridge.
AFFECTINGAf*fect"ing, a.
1. Moving the emotions; fitted to excite the emotions; pathetic; touching; as, an affecting address; an affecting sight. The most affecting music is generally the most simple.
2. Affected; given to false show. [Obs.] A drawling; affecting rouge. Shak.
AFFECTINGLYAf*fect"ing*ly, adv.
Defn: In an affecting manner; is a manner to excite emotions.
AFFECTIONAf*fec"tion, n. Etym: [F. affection, L. affectio, fr. afficere. SeeAffect.]
1. The act of affecting or acting upon; the state of being affected.
2. An attribute; a quality or property; a condition; a bodily state; as, figure, weight, etc. , are affections of bodies. "The affections of quantity." Boyle. And, truly, waking dreams were, more or less, An old and strange affection of the house. Tennyson.
3. Bent of mind; a feeling or natural impulse or natural impulse acting upon and swaying the mind; any emotion; as, the benevolent affections, esteem, gratitude, etc. ; the malevolent affections, hatred, envy, etc.; inclination; disposition; propensity; tendency. Affection is applicable to an unpleasant as well as a pleasant state of the mind, when impressed by any object or quality. Cogan.
4. A settled good will; kind feeling; love; zealous or tender attachment; — often in the pl. Formerly followed by to, but now more generally by for or towards; as, filial, social, or conjugal affections; to have an affection for or towards children. All his affections are set on his own country. Macaulay.
5. Prejudice; bias. [Obs.] Bp. Aylmer.
6. (Med.)
Defn: Disease; morbid symptom; malady; as, a pulmonary affection.Dunglison.
7. The lively representation of any emotion. Wotton.
8. Affectation. [Obs.] "Spruce affection." Shak.
9. Passion; violent emotion. [Obs.] Most wretched man, That to affections does the bridle lend. Spenser.
Syn. — Attachment; passion; tenderness; fondness; kindness; love; good will. See Attachment; Disease.
AFFECTIONALAf*fec"tion*al, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to the affections; as, affectional impulses; an affectional nature.
AFFECTIONATEAf*fec"tion*ate, a. Etym: [Cf. F. affectionné.]
1. Having affection or warm regard; loving; fond; as, an affectionate brother.
2. Kindly inclined; zealous. [Obs.] Johson. Man, in his love God, and desire to please him, can never be too affectionate. Sprat.
3. Proceeding from affection; indicating love; tender; as, the affectionate care of a parent; affectionate countenance, message, language.
4. Strongly inclined; — with to. [Obs.] Bacon.
Syn.— Tender; attached; loving; devoted; warm; fond; earnest; ardent.
AFFECTIONATEDAf*fec"tion*a`ted, a.
Defn: Disposed; inclined. [Obs.]Affectionated to the people. Holinshed.
AFFECTIONATELYAf*fec"tion*ate*ly, adv.
Defn: With affection; lovingly; fondly; tenderly; kindly.
AFFECTIONATENESSAf*fec"tion*ate*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being affectionate; fondness; affection.
AFFECTIONEDAf*fec"tioned, a.
1. Disposed. [Archaic] Be kindly affectioned one to another. Rom. xii. 10.
2. Affected; conceited. [Obs.] Shak.
AFFECTIVEAf*fec"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. affectif.]
1. Tending to affect; affecting. [Obs.] Burnet.
2. Pertaining to or exciting emotion; affectional; emotional. Rogers.
AFFECTIVELYAf*fec"tive*ly, adv.
Defn: In an affective manner; impressively; emotionally.
AFFECTUOUSAf*fec"tu*ous, a. Etym: [L. affectuous: cf. F. affectueux. SeeAffect.]
Defn: Full of passion or emotion; earnest. [Obs.] —Af*fec"tu*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.] Fabyan.
AFFEER Af*feer", v. t. Etym: [OF. aforer, afeurer, to tax, appraise, assess, fr. L. ad + forum market, court of justice, in LL. also meaning pri.]
1. To confirm; to assure. [Obs.] "The title is affeered." Shak.
2. (Old Law)
Defn: To assess or reduce, as an arbitrary penalty or amercement, to a certain and reasonable sum. Amercements . . . were affeered by the judges. Blackstone.
AFFEERER; AFFEERORAf*feer"er, Af*feer"or, n. Etym: [OF. aforeur, LL. afforator.] (OldLaw)
Defn: One who affeers. Cowell.
AFFEERMENTAf*feer"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. aforement.] (Old Law)
Defn: The act of affeering. Blackstone.
AFFERENT Af"fer*ent, a. Etym: [L. afferens, p. pr. of afferre; ad + ferre to bear.] (Physiol.)
Defn: Bearing or conducting inwards to a part or organ; — opposed to efferent; as, afferent vessels; afferent nerves, which convey sensations from the external organs to the brain.
AFFETTUOSOAf*fet`tu*o"so, adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)
Defn: With feeling.
AFFIANCE Af*fi"ance, n. Etym: [OE. afiaunce trust, confidence, OF. afiance, fr. afier to trust, fr. LL. affidare to trust; ad + fidare to trust, fr. L. fides faith. See Faith, and cf. Affidavit, Affy, Confidence.]
1. Plighted faith; marriage contract or promise.
2. Trust; reliance; faith; confidence. Such feelings promptly yielded to his habitual affiance in the divine love. Sir J. Stephen. Lancelot, my Lancelot, thou in whom I have Most joy and most affiance. Tennyson.
AFFIANCE Af*fi"ance, v. t. [imp. Affianced; p. pr. Affiancing.] Etym: [Cf. OF. afiancier, fr. afiance.]
1. To betroth; to pledge one's faith to for marriage, or solemnly promise (one's self or another) in marriage. To me, sad maid, he was affianced. Spenser.
2. To assure by promise. [Obs.] Pope.
AFFIANCERAf*fi"an*cer, n.
Defn: One who makes a contract of marriage between two persons.
AFFIANTAf*fi"ant, n. Etym: [From p. pr. of OF. afier, LL. affidare. SeeAffidavit.] (Law)
Defn: One who makes an affidavit. [U. S.] Burrill.
Syn.— Deponent. See Deponent.
AFFICHEAf`fiche", n. [F., fr. afficher to affix.]
Defn: A written or printed notice to be posted, as on a wall; a poster; a placard.
AFFIDAVIT Af`fi*da"vit, n. Etym: [LL. affidavit he has made oath, perfect tense of affidare. See Affiance, Affy.] (Law)
Defn: A sworn statement in writing; a declaration in writing, signed and made upon oath before an authorized magistrate. Bouvier. Burrill.
Note: It is always made ex parte, and without cross-examination, and in this differs from a deposition. It is also applied to written statements made on affirmation.
Syn.— Deposition. See Deposition.
AFFILE Af*file", v. t. Etym: [OF. afiler, F. affiler, to sharpen; a (L. ad) + fil thread, edge.]
Defn: To polish. [Obs.]
AFFILIABLEAf*fil"i*a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being affiliated to or on, or connected with in origin.
AFFILIATEAf*fil"i*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affiliated; p. pr. & vb. n.Affiliating.] Etym: [LL. adfiliare, affiliare, to adopt as son; ad +filius son: cf. F. affilier.]
1. To adopt; to receive into a family as a son; hence, to bring or receive into close connection; to ally. Is the soul affiliated to God, or is it estranged and in rebellion I. Taylor.
2. To fix the paternity of; — said of an illegitimate child; as, to affiliate the child to (or on or upon) one man rather than another.
3. To connect in the way of descent; to trace origin to. How do these facts tend to affiliate the faculty of hearing upon the aboriginal vegetative processes H. Spencer.
4. To attach (to) or unite (with); to receive into a society as a member, and initiate into its mysteries, plans, etc.; — followed by to or with. Affiliated societies, societies connected with a central society, or with each other.
AFFILIATEAf*fil"i*ate, v. i.
Defn: To connect or associate one's self; — followed by with; as, they affiliate with no party.
AFFILIATIONAf*fil`i*a"tion, n. Etym: [F. affiliation, LL. affiliatio.]
1. Adoption; association or reception as a member in or of the same family or society.
2. (Law)
Defn: The establishment or ascertaining of parentage; the assignment of a child, as a bastard, to its father; filiation.
3. Connection in the way of descent. H. Spencer.
AFFINALAf*fi"nal, a. Etym: [L. affinis.]
Defn: Related by marriage; from the same source.
AFFINEAf*fine", v. t. Etym: [F. affiner to refine; (L. ad) + fin fine. SeeFine.]
Defn: To refine. [Obs.] Holland.
AFFINED Af*fined", a. Etym: [OF. afiné related, p. p., fr. LL. affinare to join, fr. L. affinis neighboring, related to; ad + finis boundary, limit.]
Defn: Joined in affinity or by any tie. [Obs.] "All affined and kin."Shak.
AFFINITATIVEAf*fin"i*ta*tive, a.
Defn: Of the nature of affinity.— Af*fin"i*ta*tive*ly, adv.
AFFINITIVEAf*fin"i*tive, a.
Defn: Closely connected, as by affinity.
AFFINITYAf*fin"i*ty, n.; pl. Affinities(#). Etym: [OF. afinité, F. affinité,L. affinites, fr. affinis. See Affined.]
1. Relationship by marriage (as between a husband and his wife's blood relations, or between a wife and her husband's blood relations); — in contradistinction to consanguinity, or relationship by blood; — followed by with, to, or between. Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh. 1 Kings iii. 1.
2. Kinship generally; close agreement; relation; conformity; resemblance; connection; as, the affinity of sounds, of colors, or of languages. There is a close affinity between imposture and credulity. Sir G. C. Lewis.
2. Companionship; acquaintance. [Obs.] About forty years past, I began a happy affinity with William Cranmer. Burton.
4. (Chem.)
Defn: That attraction which takes place, at an insensible distance, between the heterogeneous particles of bodies, and unites them to form chemical compounds; chemism; chemical or elective affinity or attraction.
5. (Nat. Hist.)
Defn: A relation between species or highe
6. (Spiritualism)
Defn: A superior spiritual relationship or attraction held to exist sometimes between persons, esp. persons of the opposite sex; also, the man or woman who exerts such psychical or spiritual attraction.
AFFIRMAf*firm", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affirmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Affirming.]Etym: [OE. affermen, OF. afermer, F. affirmer, affermir, fr. L.affirmare; ad + firmare to make firm, firmus firm. See Firm.]
1. To make firm; to confirm, or ratify; esp. (Law),
Defn: to assert or confirm, as a judgment, decree, or order, brought before an appelate court for review.
2. To assert positively; to tell with confidence; to aver; to maintain as true; — opposed to deny. Jesus, . . . whom Paul affirmed to be alive. Acts xxv. 19.
3. (Law)
Defn: To declare, as a fact, solemnly, under judicial sanction. SeeAffirmation, 4.
Syn. — To assert; aver; declare; asseverate; assure; pronounce; protest; avouch; confirm; establish; ratify. — To Affirm, Asseverate, Aver, Protest. We affirm when we declare a thing as a fact or a proposition. We asseverate it in a peculiarly earnest manner, or with increased positiveness as what can not be disputed. We aver it, or formally declare it to be true, when we have positive knowledge of it. We protest in a more public manner and with the energy of perfect sincerity. People asseverate in order to produce a conviction of their veracity; they aver when they are peculiarly desirous to be believed; they protest when they wish to free themselves from imputations, or to produce a conviction of their innocence.
AFFIRMAf*firm", v. i.
1. To declare or assert positively. Not that I so affirm, though so it seem To thee, who hast thy dwelling here on earth. Milton.
2. (Law)
Defn: To make a solemn declaration, before an authorized magistrate or tribunal, under the penalties of perjury; to testify by affirmation.
AFFIRMABLEAf*firm"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being affirmed, asserted, or declared; — followed by of; as, an attribute affirmable of every just man.
AFFIRMANCEAf*firm"ance, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. afermance.]
1. Confirmation; ratification; confirmation of a voidable act. This statute . . . in affirmance of the common law. Bacon.
2. A strong declaration; affirmation. Cowper.
AFFIRMANTAf*firm"ant, n. Etym: [L. affirmans, -antis, p. pr. See Affirm.]
1. One who affirms or asserts.
2. (Law)
Defn: One who affirms of taking an oath.
AFFIRMATIONAf`fir*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. affirmatio: cf. F. affirmation.]
1. Confirmation of anything established; ratification; as, the affirmation of a law. Hooker.
2. The act of affirming or asserting as true; assertion; — opposed to negation or denial.
3. That which is asserted; an assertion; a positive as, an affirmation, by the vender, of title to property sold, or of its quality.
4. (Law)
Defn: A solemn declaration made under the penalties of perjury, by persons who conscientiously decline taking an oath, which declaration is in law equivalent to an oath. Bouvier.
AFFIRMATIVEAf*firm"a*tive, a. Etym: [L. affirmativus: cf. F. affirmatif.]
1. Confirmative; ratifying; as, an act affirmative of common law.
2. That affirms; asserting that the fact is so; declaratory of what exists; answering "yes" to a question; — opposed to negative; as, an affirmative answer; an affirmative vote.
3. Positive; dogmatic. [Obs.] J. Taylor. Lysicles was a little by the affirmative air of Crito. Berkeley.
4. (logic)
Defn: Expressing the agreement of the two terms of a proposition.
5. (Alg.)
Defn: Positive; — a term applied to quantities which are to be added, and opposed to negative, or such as are to be subtracted.
AFFIRMATIVEAf*firm"a*tive, n.
1. That which affirms as opposed to that which denies; an affirmative proposition; that side of question which affirms or maintains the proposition stated; — opposed to Ant: negative; as, there were forty votes in the affirmative, and ten in the negative. Whether there are such beings or not, 't is sufficient for my purpose that many have believed the affirmative. Dryden.
2. A word or phrase expressing affirmation or assent; as, yes, that is so, etc.
AFFIRMATIVELYAf*firm"a*tive*ly, adv.
Defn: In an affirmative manner; on the affirmative side of a question; in the affirmative; — opposed to negatively.
AFFIRMATORYAf*firm"a*to*ry, a.
Defn: Giving affirmation; assertive; affirmative. Massey.
AFFIRMERAf*firm"er, n.
Defn: One who affirms.
AFFIX Af*fix", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affixed; p. pr. & vb. n. Affixing.] Etym: [LL. affixare, L. affixus, p. p. of affigere to fasten to; ad + figere to fasten: cf. OE. affichen, F. afficher, ultimately fr. L. affigere. See Fix.]
1. To subjoin, annex, or add at the close or end; to append to; to fix to any part of; as, to affix a syllable to a word; to affix a seal to an instrument; to affix one's name to a writing.
2. To fix or fasten in any way; to attach physically. Should they [caterpillars] affix them to the leaves of a plant improper for their food. Ray.
3. To attach, unite, or connect with; as, names affixed to ideas, or ideas affixed to things; to affix a stigma to a person; to affix ridicule or blame to any one.
4. To fix or fasten figuratively; — with on or upon; as, eyes affixed upon the ground. [Obs.] Spenser.
Syn.— To attach; subjoin; connect; annex; unite.
AFFIX Af"fix, n.; pl. Affixes. Etym: [L. affixus, p. p. of affigere: cf. F. affixe.]
Defn: That which is affixed; an appendage; esp. one or more letters or syllables added at the end of a word; a suffix; a postfix.
AFFIXIONAf*fix"ion, n. Etym: [L. affixio, fr. affigere.]
Defn: Affixture. [Obs.] T. Adams.
AFFIXTUREAf*fix"ture, n.
Defn: The act of affixing, or the state of being affixed; attachment.
AFFLATION Af*fla"tion, n. Etym: [L. afflatus, p. p. of afflare to blow or breathe on; ad + flare to blow.]
Defn: A blowing or breathing on; inspiration.
AFFLATUSAf*fla"tus, n. Etym: [L., fr. afflare. See Afflation.]
1. A breath or blast of wind.
2. A divine impartation of knowledge; supernatural impulse; inspiration. A poet writing against his genius will be like a prophet without his afflatus. Spence.
AFFLICTAf*flict", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Afflicted; p. pr. & vb. n.Afflicting.] Etym: [L. afflictus, p. p. of affigere to cast down,deject; ad + fligere to strike: cf. OF. aflit, afflict, p. p. Cf.Flagellate.]
1. To strike or cast down; to overthrow. [Obs.] "Reassembling our afflicted powers." Milton.
2. To inflict some great injury or hurt upon, causing continued pain or mental distress; to trouble grievously; to torment. They did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens. Exod. i. 11. That which was the worst now least afflicts me. Milton.
3. To make low or humble. [Obs.] Spenser. Men are apt to prefer a prosperous error before an afflicted truth. Jer. Taylor.
Syn.— To trouble; grieve; pain; distress; harass; torment; wound; hurt.
AFFLICTAf*flict", p. p. & a. Etym: [L. afflictus, p. p.]
Defn: Afflicted. [Obs.] Becon.
AFFLICTEDNESSAf*flict"ed*ness, n.
Defn: The state of being afflicted; affliction. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
AFFLICTERAf*flict"er, n.
Defn: One who afflicts.
AFFLICTINGAf*flict"ing, a.
Defn: Grievously painful; distressing; afflictive; as, an afflictingevent.— Af*flict"ing*ly, adv.
AFFLICTIONAf*flic"tion, n. Etym: [F. affliction, L. afflictio, fr. affligere.]
1. The cause of continued pain of body or mind, as sickness, losses, etc.; an instance of grievous distress; a pain or grief. To repay that money will be a biting affliction. Shak.
2. The state of being afflicted; a state of pain, distress, or grief. Some virtues are seen only in affliction. Addison.
Syn. — Calamity; sorrow; distress; grief; pain; adversity; misery; wretchedness; misfortune; trouble; hardship. — Affliction, Sorrow, Grief, Distress. Affliction and sorrow are terms of wide and general application; grief and distress have reference to particular cases. Affliction is the stronger term. The suffering lies deeper in the soul, and usually arises from some powerful cause, such as the loss of what is most dear — friends, health, etc. We do not speak of mere sickness or pain as "an affliction," though one who suffers from either is said to be afflicted; but deprivations of every kind, such as deafness, blindness, loss of limbs, etc., are called afflictions, showing that term applies particularly to prolonged sources of suffering. Sorrow and grief are much alike in meaning, but grief is the stronger term of the two, usually denoting poignant mental suffering for some definite cause, as, grief for the death of a dear friend; sorrow is more reflective, and is tinged with regret, as, the misconduct of a child is looked upon with sorrow. Grief is often violent and demonstrative; sorrow deep and brooding. Distress implies extreme suffering, either bodily or mental. In its higher stages, it denotes pain of a restless, agitating kind, and almost always supposes some struggle of mind or body. Affliction is allayed, grief subsides, sorrow is soothed, distress is mitigated.
AFFLICTIONLESSAf*flic"tion*less, a.
Defn: Free from affliction.
AFFLICTIVEAf*flic"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. afflictif.]
Defn: Giving pain; causing continued or repeated pain or grief; distressing. "Jove's afflictive hand." Pope. Spreads slow disease, and darts afflictive pain. Prior.
AFFLICTIVELYAf*flic"tive*ly, adv.
Defn: In an afflictive manner.
AFFLUENCE Af"flu*ence, n. Etym: [F. affluence, L. affluentia, fr. affluens, p. pr. of affluere to flow to; ad + fluere to flow. See Flux.]
1. A flowing to or towards; a concourse; an influx. The affluence of young nobles from hence into Spain. Wotton. There is an unusual affluence of strangers this year. Carlyle.
2. An abundant supply, as of thought, words, feelings, etc.; profusion; also, abundance of property; wealth. And old age of elegance, affluence, and ease. Coldsmith.
Syn. — Abundance; riches; profusion; exuberance; plenty; wealth; opulence.
AFFLUENCYAf"flu*en*cy, n.
Defn: Affluence. [Obs.] Addison.
AFFLUENTAf"flu*ent, a. Etym: [Cf. F. affluent, L. affluens, -entis, p. pr.See Affluence.]
1. Flowing to; flowing abundantly. "Affluent blood." Harvey.
2. Abundant; copious; plenteous; hence, wealthy; abounding in goods or riches. Language . . . affluent in expression. H. Reed. Loaded and blest with all the affluent store, Which human vows at smoking shrines implore. Prior.
AFFLUENTAf"flu*ent, n.
Defn: A stream or river flowing into a larger river or into a lake; a tributary stream.
AFFLUENTLYAf"flu*ent*ly, adv.
Defn: Abundantly; copiously.
AFFLUENTNESSAf*flu*ent*ness, n.
Defn: Great plenty. [R.]
AFFLUXAf"flux`, n. Etym: [L. affluxum, p. p. of affluere: cf. F. afflux.See Affluence.]
Defn: A flowing towards; that which flows to; as, an afflux of blood to the head.
AFFLUXIONAf*flux"ion, n.
Defn: The act of flowing towards; afflux. Sir T. Browne.
AFFODILLAf"fo*dill, n.
Defn: Asphodel. [Obs.]
AFFORCE Af*force", v. t. Etym: [OF. afforcier, LL. affortiare; ad + fortiare, fr. L. fortis strong.]
Defn: To reënforce; to strengthen. Hallam.
AFFORCEMENTAf*force"ment, n. Etym: [OF.]
1. A fortress; a fortification for defense. [Obs.] Bailey.
2. A reënforcement; a strengthening. Hallam.
AFFORCIAMENTAf*for"ci*a*ment, n.
Defn: See Afforcement. [Obs.]
AFFORDAf*ford", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Afforded; p. pr. & vb. n. Affording.]Etym: [OE. aforthen, AS. gefor, for, to further, accomplish, afford,fr. for forth, forward. The prefix ge- has no well defined sense. SeeForth.]
1. To give forth; to supply, yield, or produce as the natural result, fruit, or issue; as, grapes afford wine; olives afford oil; the earth affords fruit; the sea affords an abundant supply of fish.
2. To give, grant, or confer, with a remoter reference to its being the natural result; to provide; to furnish; as, a good life affords consolation in old age. His tuneful Muse affords the sweetest numbers. Addison. The quiet lanes . . . afford calmer retreats. Gilpin.
3. To offer, provide, or supply, as in selling, granting, expending, with profit, or without loss or too great injury; as, A affords his goods cheaper than B; a man can afford a sum yearly in charity.
4. To incur, stand, or bear without serious detriment, as an act which might under other circumstances be injurious; — with an auxiliary, as can, could, might, etc.; to be able or rich enough. The merchant can afford to trade for smaller profits. Hamilton. He could afford to suffer With those whom he saw suffer. Wordsworth.
AFFORDABLEAf*ford"a*ble, a.
Defn: That may be afforded.
AFFORDMENTAf*ford"ment, n.
Defn: Anything given as a help; bestowal. [Obs.]
AFFORESTAf*for"est, v. t. Etym: [LL. afforestare; ad + forestare. SeeForest.]
Defn: To convert into a forest; as, to afforest a tract of country.
AFFORESTATIONAf*for`es*ta"tion, n.
Defn: The act of converting into forest or woodland. Blackstone.
AFFORMATIVEAf*form"a*tive, n.
Defn: An affix.
AFFRANCHISEAf*fran"chise, v. t. Etym: [F. affranchir; (L. ad) + franc free. SeeFranchise and Frank.]
Defn: To make free; to enfranchise. Johnson.
AFFRANCHISEMENTAf*fran"chise*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. affranchissement.]
Defn: The act of making free; enfranchisement. [R.]
AFFRAP Af*frap", v. t. & i. Etym: [Cf. It. affrappare, frappare, to cut, mince, F. frapper to strike. See Frap.]
Defn: To strike, or strike down. [Obs.] Spenser.
AFFRAY Af*fray", v. t. [p. p. Affrayed.] Etym: [OE. afraien, affraien, OF. effreer, esfreer, F. effrayer, orig. to disquiet, put out of peace, fr. L. ex + OHG. fridu peace (akin to E. free). Cf. Afraid, Fray, Frith inclosure.] [Archaic]
1. To startle from quiet; to alarm. Smale foules a great heap That had afrayed [affrayed] me out of my sleep. Chaucer.
2. To frighten; to scare; to frighten away. That voice doth us affray. Shak.
AFFRAY Af*fray", n. Etym: [OE. afrai, affrai, OF. esfrei, F. effroi, fr. OF. esfreer. See Affray, v. t.]
1. The act of suddenly disturbing any one; an assault or attack. [Obs.]
2. Alarm; terror; fright. [Obs.] Spenser.
3. A tumultuous assault or quarrel; a brawl; a fray. "In the very midst of the affray." Motley.
4. (Law)
Defn: The fighting of two or more persons, in a public place, to the terror of others. Blackstone.
Note: A fighting in private is not, in a legal sense, an affray.
Syn. — Quarrel; brawl; scuffle; encounter; fight; contest; feud; tumult; disturbance.
AFFRAYERAf*fray"er, n.
Defn: One engaged in an affray.
AFFRAYMENTAf*fray"ment, n.
Defn: Affray. [Obs.] Spenser.
AFFREIGHTAf*freight", v. t. Etym: [Pref. ad- + freight: cf. F. affréter. SeeFreight.]
Defn: To hire, as a ship, for the transportation of goods or freight.
AFFREIGHTERAf*freight"er, n.
Defn: One who hires or charters a ship to convey goods.
AFFREIGHTMENTAf*freight"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. affrétement.]
Defn: The act of hiring, or the contract for the use of, a vessel, or some part of it, to convey cargo.
AFFRETAf*fret", n. Etym: [Cf. It. affrettare to hasten, fretta haste.]
Defn: A furious onset or attack. [Obs.] Spenser.
AFFRICATE Af"fri*cate, n. [L. affricatus, p. p. of affricare to rub against; af- = ad- + fricare to rub.] (Phon.)
Defn: A combination of a stop, or explosive, with an immediately following fricative or spirant of corresponding organic position, as pf in german Pfeffer, pepper, z (= ts) in German Zeit, time.
AFFRICTIONAf*fric"tion, n. Etym: [L. affricare to rub on. See Friction.]
Defn: The act of rubbing against. [Obs.]
AFFRIENDEDAf*friend"ed, p. p.
Defn: Made friends; reconciled. [Obs.] "Deadly foes . . . affriended." Spenser.
AFFRIGHT Af*fright", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affrighted; p. pr. & vb. n. Affrighting.] Etym: [Orig. p. p.; OE. afright, AS. afyrhtan to terrify; a- (cf. Goth. us-, Ger. er-, orig. meaning out) + fyrhto fright. See Fright.]
Defn: To impress with sudden fear; to frighten; to alarm.Dreams affright our souls. Shak.A drear and dying sound Affrights the flamens at their servicequaint. Milton.
Syn. — To terrify; frighten; alarm; dismay; appall; scare; startle; daunt; intimidate.
AFFRIGHTAf*fright", p. a.
Defn: Affrighted. [Obs.] Chaucer.
AFFRIGHTAf*fright", n.
1. Sudden and great fear; terror. It expresses a stronger impression than fear, or apprehension, perhaps less than terror. He looks behind him with affright, and forward with despair. Goldsmith.
2. The act of frightening; also, a cause of terror; an object of dread. B. Jonson.
AFFRIGHTEDLYAf*fright"ed*ly, adv.
Defn: With fright. Drayton.
AFFRIGHTENAf*fright"en, v. t.
Defn: To frighten. [Archaic] "Fit tales . . . to affrighten babes."Southey.
AFFRIGHTERAf*fright"er, n.
Defn: One who frightens. [Archaic]
AFFRIGHTFULAf*fright"ful, a.
Defn: Terrifying; frightful.— Af*fright"ful*ly, adv. [Archaic]Bugbears or affrightful apparitions. Cudworth.
AFFRIGHTMENTAf*fright"ment, n.
Defn: Affright; the state of being frightened; sudden fear or alarm.[Archaic]Passionate words or blows . . . fill the child's mind with terror andaffrightment. Locke.
AFFRONTAf*front", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affronted; p. pr. & vb. n.Affronting.] Etym: [OF. afronter, F. affronter, to confront, LL.affrontare to strike against, fr. L. ad + frons forehead, front. SeeFront.]
1. To front; to face in position; to meet or encounter face to face.[Obs.]All the sea-coasts do affront the Levant. Holland.That he, as 't were by accident, may here Affront Ophelia. Shak.
2. To face in defiance; to confront; as, to confront; as, to affront death; hence, to meet in hostile encounter. [Archaic]
3. To offend by some manifestation of disrespect; to insult to the face by demeanor or language; to treat with marked incivility. How can any one imagine that the fathers would have dared to affront the wife of Aurelius Addison.
Syn. — TO insult; abuse; outrage; wound; illtreat; slight; defy; offend; provoke; pique; nettle.
AFFRONTAf*front", n. Etym: [Cf. F. affront, fr. affronter.]
1. An encounter either friendly or hostile. [Obs.] I walked about, admired of all, and dreaded On hostile ground, none daring my affront. Milton.
2. Contemptuous or rude treatment which excites or justifies resentment; marked disrespect; a purposed indignity; insult. Offering an affront to our understanding. Addison.
3. An offense to one's self-respect; shame. Arbuthnot.
Syn. — Affront, Insult, Outrage. An affront is a designed mark of disrespect, usually in the presence of others. An insult is a personal attack either by words or actions, designed to humiliate or degrade. An outrage is an act of extreme and violent insult or abuse. An affront piques and mortifies; an insult irritates and provokes; an outrage wounds and injures. Captious persons construe every innocent freedom into an affront. When people are in a state of animosity, they seek opportunities of offering each other insults. Intoxication or violent passion impels men to the commission of outrages. Crabb.
AFFRONTEAf*fron*té", a. Etym: [F. affronté, p. p.] (Her.)
Defn: Face to face, or front to front; facing.
AFFRONTEDLYAf*front"ed*ly, adv.
Defn: Shamelessly. [Obs.] Bacon.
AFFRONTEEAf*fron*tee", n.
Defn: One who receives an affront. Lytton.
AFFRONTERAf*front"er, n.
Defn: One who affronts, or insults to the face.
AFFRONTINGLYAf*front"ing*ly, adv.
Defn: In an affronting manner.
AFFRONTIVEAf*front"ive, a.
Defn: Tending to affront or offend; offensive; abusive.How affrontive it is to despise mercy. South.
AFFRONTIVENESSAf*front"ive*ness, n.
Defn: The quality that gives an affront or offense. [R.] Bailey.
AFFUSEAf*fuse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affused; p. pr. & vb. n. Affusing.]Etym: [L. affusus, p. p. of affundere to pour to; ad + fundere. SeeFuse.]
Defn: To pour out or upon. [R.]I first affused water upon the compressed beans. Boyle.
AFFUSIONAf*fu"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. affusion.]
Defn: The act of pouring upon, or sprinkling with a liquid, as water upon a child in baptism. Specifically: (Med)
Defn: The act of pouring water or other fluid on the whole or a part of the body, as a remedy in disease. Dunglison.
AFFY Af*fy", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affied; p. pr. Affying.] Etym: [OF. afier, LL. affidare. Cf. Affiance.]
1. To confide (one's self to, or in); to trust. [Obs.]
2. To betroth or espouse; to affiance. [Obs.] Shak.
3. To bind in faith. [Obs.] Bp. Montagu.
AFFYAf*fy", v. i.
Defn: To trust or confide. [Obs.] Shak.
AFGHANAf"ghan, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Afghanistan.
AFGHANAf"ghan, n.
1. A native of Afghanistan.
2. A kind of worsted blanket or wrap.
AFIELDA*field", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + field.]
1. To, in, or on the field. "We drove afield." Milton. How jocund did they drive their team afield! Gray.
2. Out of the way; astray. Why should he wander afield at the age of fifty-five! Trollope.
AFIREA*fire", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + fire.]
Defn: On fire.
AFLAMEA*flame", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + flame.]
Defn: Inflames; glowing with light or passion; ablaze. G. Eliot.
AFLATA*flat", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + flat.]
Defn: Level with the ground; flat. [Obs.] Bacon.
AFLAUNTA*flaunt", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + flaunt.]
Defn: In a flaunting state or position. Copley.
AFLICKERA*flick"er, adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + flicker.]
Defn: In a flickering state.
AFLOATA*float", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + float.]
1. Borne on the water; floating; on board ship. On such a full sea are we now afloat. Shak.
2. Moving; passing from place to place; in general circulation; as, a rumor is afloat.
3. Unfixed; moving without guide or control; adrift; as, our affairs are all afloat.
AFLOWA*flow", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + flow.]
Defn: Flowing.Their founts aflow with tears. R. Browning.
AFLUSHA*flush", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + flush, n.]
Defn: In a flushed or blushing state.
AFLUSHA*flush", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + flush, a.]
Defn: On a level.The bank is . . . aflush with the sea. Swinburne.
AFLUTTERA*flut"ter, adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + flutter.]
Defn: In a flutter; agitated.
AFOAMA*foam", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + foam.]
Defn: In a foaming state; as, the sea is all afoam.
A. F. OF L.A. F. of L. (Abbrev.)
Defn: American Federation of Labor.
AFOOTA*foot", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + foot.]
1. On foot. We 'll walk afoot a while. Shak.
2. Fig.: In motion; in action; astir; in progress. The matter being afoot. Shak.
AFORE A*fore", adv. Etym: [OE. afore, aforn, AS. onforan or ætforan; pref. a- + fore.]
1. Before. [Obs.] If he have never drunk wine afore. Shak.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: In the fore part of a vessel.
AFOREA*fore", prep.
1. Before (in all its senses). [Archaic]
2. (Naut.)
Defn: Before; in front of; farther forward than; as, afore the windlass. Afore the mast, among the common sailors; — a phrase used to distinguish the ship's crew from the officers.
AFORECITEDA*fore"cit`ed, a.
Defn: Named or quoted before.
AFOREGOINGA*fore"go`ing, a.
Defn: Going before; foregoing.
AFOREHANDA*fore"hand` adv.
Defn: Beforehand; in anticipation. [Archaic or Dial.]She is come aforehand to anoint my body. Mark xiv. 8.
AFOREHANDA*fore"hand`, a.
Defn: Prepared; previously provided; — opposed to behindhand.[Archaic or Dial.]Aforehand in all matters of power. Bacon.
AFOREMENTIONEDA*fore"men`tioned, a.
Defn: Previously mentioned; before-mentioned. Addison.
AFORENAMEDA*fore"named`, a.
Defn: Named before. Peacham.
AFORESAIDA*fore"said`, a.
Defn: Said before, or in a preceding part; already described or identified.
AFORETHOUGHTA*fore"thought`, a.
Defn: Premeditated; prepense; previously in mind; designed; as, malice aforethought, which is required to constitute murder. Bouvier.
AFORETHOUGHTA*fore"thought`, n.
Defn: Premeditation.
AFORETIMEA*fore"time`, adv.
Defn: In time past; formerly. "He prayed . . . as he did aforetime."Dan. vi. 10.
A FORTIORIA for`ti*o"ri. Etym: [L.] (Logic & Math.)
Defn: With stronger reason.
AFOULA*foul", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + foul.]
Defn: In collision; entangled. Totten. To run afoul of, to run against or come into collision with, especially so as to become entangled or to cause injury.
AFRAID A*fraid", p. a. Etym: [OE. afrayed, affraide, p. p. of afraien to affray. See Affray, and cf. Afeard.]
Defn: Impressed with fear or apprehension; in fear; apprehensive. [Afraid comes after the noun it limits.] "Back they recoiled, afraid." Milton.
Note: This word expresses a less degree of fear than terrified or frightened. It is followed by of before the object of fear, or by the infinitive, or by a dependent clause; as, to be afraid of death. "I am afraid to die." "I am afraid he will chastise me." "Be not afraid that I your hand should take." Shak. I am afraid is sometimes used colloquially to soften a statement; as, I am afraid I can not help you in this matter.
Syn.— Fearful; timid; timorous; alarmed; anxious.
AFREETAf"reet, n.
Defn: Same as Afrit.
AFRESHA*fresh", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + fresh.]
Defn: Anew; again; once more; newly.They crucify . . . the Son of God afresh. Heb. vi. 6.
AFRICAf"ric, a.
Defn: African.— n.
Defn: Africa. [Poetic]
AFRICANAf"ri*can, a. Etym: [L. Africus, Africanus, fr. Afer African.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to Africa. African hemp, a fiber prerared fromthe leaves of the Sanseviera Guineensis, a plant found in Africa andIndia.— African marigold, a tropical American plant (Tagetes erecta).— African oak or African teak, a timber furnished by OldfieldiaAfricana, used in ship building. African violet African-American, aUnited States citizen of African descent.
AFRICANAf"ri*can, n.
Defn: A native of Africa; also one ethnologically belonging to anAfrican race.
AFRICANDERAf`ri*can"der, n.