ESQUIMAUEs"qui*mau, n.; pl. Esquimaux. Etym: [F.]
Defn: Same as Eskimo. It is . . . an error to suppose that where an Esquimau can live, a civilized man can live also. McClintock.
ESQUIRE Es*quire", n. Etym: [OF. escuyer, escuier, properly, a shield-bearer, F. écuyer shield-bearer, armor-bearer, squire of a knight, esquire, equerry, rider, horseman, LL. scutarius shield-bearer, fr. L. scutum shield, akin to Gr. to cover; prob. akin to E. hide to cover. See Hide to cover, and cf. Equerry, Escutcheon.]
Defn: Originally, a shield-bearer or armor-bearer, an attendant on a knight; in modern times, a title of dignity next in degree below knight and above gentleman; also, a title of office and courtesy; — often shortened to squire.
Note: In England, the title of esquire belongs by right of birth to the eldest sons of knights and their eldest sons in perpetual succession; to the eldest sons of younger sons of peers and their eldest sons in perpetual succession. It is also given to sheriffs, to justices of the peace while in commission, to those who bear special office in the royal household, to counselors at law, bachelors of divinity, law, or physic, and to others. In the United States the title is commonly given in courtesy to lawyers and justices of the peace, and is often used in the superscription of letters instead of Mr.
ESQUIREEs*quire", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Esquired; p. pr. & vb. n. Esquiring.]
Defn: To wait on as an esquire or attendant in public; to attend.[Colloq.]
ESQUISSEEs`quisse", n. Etym: [F. See Sketch.] (Fine Arts)
Defn: The first sketch of a picture or model of a statue.
-ESS -ess. Etym: [OF. -esse, LL. -issa, Gr.
Defn: A suffix used to form feminine nouns; as, actress, deaconess, songstress.
ESSAY Es"say, n.; pl. Essays. Etym: [F. essai, fr. L. exagium a weighing, weight, balance; ex out + agere to drive, do; cf. examen, exagmen, a means of weighing, a weighing, the tongue of a balance, exigere to drive out, examine, weigh, Gr. 'exa`gion a weight, 'exagia`zein to examine, 'exa`gein to drive out, export. See Agent, and cf. Exact, Examine, Assay.]
1. An effort made, or exertion of body or mind, for the performance of anything; a trial; attempt; as, to make an essay to benefit a friend. "The essay at organization." M. Arnold.
2. (Lit.)
Defn: A composition treating of any particular subject; — usually shorter and less methodical than a formal, finished treatise; as, an essay on the life and writings of Homer; an essay on fossils, or on commerce.
3. An assay. See Assay, n. [Obs.]
Syn. — Attempt; trial; endeavor; effort; tract; treatise; dissertation; disquisition.
ESSAYEs*say", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Essayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Essaying.]Etym: [F. essayer. See Essay, n.]
1. To exert one's power or faculties upon; to make an effort to perform; to attempt; to endeavor; to make experiment or trial of; to try. What marvel if I thus essay to sing Byron. Essaying nothing she can not perform. Emerson. A danger lest the young enthusiast . . . should essay the impossible. J. C. Shairp.
2. To test the value and purity of (metals); to assay. See Assay. [Obs.] Locke.
ESSAYEREs*say"er, n.
Defn: One who essays. Addison.
ESSAYISTEs"say*ist, n.
Defn: A writer of an essay, or of essays. B. Jonson.
ESSENCE Es"sence, n. Etym: [F. essence, L. essentia, formed as if fr. a p. pr. of esse to be. See Is, and cf. Entity.]
1. The constituent elementary notions which constitute a complex notion, and must be enumerated to define it; sometimes called the nominal essence.
2. The constituent quality or qualities which belong to any object, or class of objects, or on which they depend for being what they are (distinguished as real essence); the real being, divested of all logical accidents; that quality which constitutes or marks the true nature of anything; distinctive character; hence, virtue or quality of a thing, separated from its grosser parts. The laws are at present, both in form and essence, the greatest curse that society labors under. Landor. Gifts and alms are the expressions, not the essence of this virtue [charity]. Addison. The essence of Addison's humor is irony. Courthope.
3. Constituent substance. And uncompounded is their essence pure. Milton.
4. A being; esp., a purely spiritual being. As far as gods and heavenly essences Can perish. Milton. He had been indulging in fanciful speculations on spiritual essences, until . . . he had and ideal world of his own around him. W. Irving.
5. The predominant qualities or virtues of a plant or drug, extracted and refined from grosser matter; or, more strictly, the solution in spirits of wine of a volatile or essential oil; as, the essence of mint, and the like. The . . . word essence . . . scarcely underwent a more complete transformation when from being the abstract of the verb "to be," it came to denote something sufficiently concrete to be inclosed in a glass bottle. J. S. Mill.
6. Perfume; odor; scent; or the volatile matter constituting perfume. Nor let the essences exhale. Pope.
ESSENCEEs"sence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Essenced; p. pr. & vb. n. Essencing.]
Defn: To perfume; to scent. "Essenced fops." Addison.
ESSENEEs*sene", n.; pl. Essenes. Etym: [Gr. asaya to heal, cf. Heb. asa.]
Defn: One of a sect among the Jews in the time of our Savior, remarkable for their strictness and abstinence.
ESSENISMEs"se*nism, n.
Defn: The doctrine or the practices of the Essenes. De Quincey.
ESSENTIALEs*sen"tial, a. Etym: [Cf. F. essentiel. See Essence.]
1. Belonging to the essence, or that which makes an object, or class of objects, what it is. Majestic as the voice sometimes became, there was forever in it an essential character of plaintiveness. Hawthorne.
2. Hence, really existing; existent. Is it true, that thou art but a a name, And no essential thing Webster (1623).
3. Important in the highest degree; indispensable to the attainment of an object; indispensably necessary. Judgment's more essential to a general Than courage. Denham. How to live — that is the essential question for us. H. Spencer.
4. Containing the essence or characteristic portion of a substance, as of a plant; highly rectified; pure; hence, unmixed; as, an essential oil. "Mine own essential horror." Ford.
5. (Mus.)
Defn: Necessary; indispensable; — said of those tones which constitute a chord, in distinction from ornamental or passing tones.
6. (Med.)
Defn: Idiopathic; independent of other diseases. Essential character (Biol.), the prominent characteristics which serve to distinguish one genus, species, etc., from another. — Essential disease, Essential fever (Med.), one that is not dependent on another. — Essential oils (Chem.), a class of volatile oils, extracted from plants, fruits, or flowers, having each its characteristic odor, and hot burning taste. They are used in essences, perfumery, etc., and include many varieties of compounds; as lemon oil is a terpene, oil of bitter almonds an aldehyde, oil of wintergreen an ethereal salt, etc.; — called also volatile oils in distinction from the fixed or nonvolatile.
ESSENTIALEs*sen"tial, n.
1. Existence; being. [Obs.] Milton.
2. That which is essential; first or constituent principle; as, the essentials or religion.
ESSENTIALITYEs*sen`ti*al"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality of being essential; the essential part. Jer.Taylor.
ESSENTIALLYEs*sen"tial*ly, adv.
Defn: In an essential manner or degree; in an indispensable degree; really; as, essentially different.
ESSENTIALNESSEs*sen"tial*ness, n.
Defn: Essentiality. Ld. Digby.
ESSENTIATEEs*sen"ti*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Essentiated; p. pr. & vb. n.Essentiating.]
Defn: To form or constitute the essence or being of. [Obs.] Boyle.
ESSENTIATEEs*sen"ti*ate, v. i.
Defn: To become assimilated; to be changed into the essence. [Obs.]B. Jonson.
ESSOIN; ESSOIGN Es*soin" or Es*soign, n. Etym: [OF. essoine, essoigne, F. exoine, L. essonia, exonia; pref. ex- (L. ex from) + sunnis, sunnia, sonia, hindrance, excuse. Cf. Icel. syn refusal, synja to deny, refuse, Goth. sunja truth, sunjon to justify, OS. sunnea impediment, OHG. sunna.]
1. (Eng. Law)
Defn: An excuse for not appearing in court at the return of process; the allegation of an excuse to the court.
2. Excuse; exemption. [Obs.] From every work he challenged essoin. Spenser. Essoin day (Eng. Law), the first general return day of the term, on which the court sits to receive essoins. Blackstone.
ESSOIN Es*soin", v. t. Etym: [OF. essoinier, essoignier, essonier, LL. essoniare, exoniare. See Essoin, n.] (Eng. Law)
Defn: To excuse for nonappearance in court. "I 'll not essoin thee."Quarles.
ESSOINEREs*soin"er, n. (Eng. Law)
Defn: An attorney who sufficiently excuses the absence of another.
ESSONITEEs"so*nite, n. Etym: [Named from Gr. e. g., hyacinth.] (Min.)
Defn: Cinnamon stone, a variety of garnet. See Garnet.
ESSORANTEs"so*rant, a. Etym: [F.] (Her.)
Defn: Standing, but with the wings spread, as if about to fly; — said of a bird borne as a charge on an escutcheon.
ESTEst, n. & adv.
Defn: East. [Obs.] Chaucer.
-EST -est. Etym: [AS. -ost, -est; akin to G. -est, -ist, Icel. -astr, - str, Goth. -ists, -, Skr. -ish.]
Defn: A suffix used to form the superlative of adjectives and adverbs; as, smoothest; earl(y)iest.
ESTABLISHEs*tab"lish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Established; p. pr. & vb. n.Establishing.] Etym: [OE. establissen, OF. establir, F. établir, fr.L. stabilire, fr. stabilis firm, steady, stable. See Stable, a., -ish, and cf. Stablish.]
1. To make stable or firm; to fix immovably or firmly; to set (a thing) in a place and make it stable there; to settle; to confirm. So were the churches established in the faith. Acts xvi. 5. The best established tempers can scarcely forbear being borne down. Burke. Confidence which must precede union could be established only by consummate prudence and self-control. Bancroft.
2. To appoint or constitute for permanence, as officers, laws, regulations, etc.; to enact; to ordain. By the consent of all, we were established The people's magistrates. Shak. Now, O king, establish the decree, and sign the writing, that it be not changed. Dan. vi. 8.
3. To originate and secure the permanent existence of; to found; to institute; to create and regulate; — said of a colony, a state, or other institutions. He hath established it [the earth], he created it not in vain, he formed it to be inhabited. Is. xlv. 18. Woe to him that buildeth a town with blood, and establisheth a city by iniquity! Hab. ii. 12.
4. To secure public recognition in favor of; to prove and cause to be accepted as true; as, to establish a fact, usage, principle, opinion, doctrine, etc. At the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses, shall the matter be established. Deut. xix. 15.
5. To set up in business; to place advantageously in a fixed condition; — used reflexively; as, he established himself in a place; the enemy established themselves in the citadel.
ESTABLISHED SUITEs*tab"lished suit. (Whist)
Defn: A plain suit in which a player (or side) could, except for trumping, take tricks with all his remaining cards.
ESTABLISHEREs*tab"lish*er, n.
Defn: One who establishes.
ESTABLISHMENT Es*tab"lish*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. establissement, F. établissement.]
1. The act of establishing; a ratifying or ordaining; settlement; confirmation.
2. The state of being established, founded, and the like; fixed state.
3. That which is established; as: (a) A form of government, civil or ecclesiastical; especially, a system of religion maintained by the civil power; as, the Episcopal establishment of England. (b) A permanent civil, military, or commercial, force or organization. (c) The place in which one is permanently fixed for residence or business; residence, including grounds, furniture, equipage, etc.; with which one is fitted out; also, any office or place of business, with its fixtures; that which serves for the carrying on of a business; as, to keep up a large establishment; a manufacturing establishment. Exposing the shabby parts of the establishment. W. Irving. Establishment of the port (Hydrography), a datum on which the tides are computed at the given port, obtained by observation, viz., the interval between the moon's passage over the meridian and the time of high water at the port, on the days of new and full moon.
ESTABLISHMENTARIANEs*tab`lish*men*ta"ri*an, n.
Defn: One who regards the Church primarily as an establishment formed by the State, and overlooks its intrinsic spiritual character. Shipley.
ESTACADEEs`ta*cade", n. Etym: [F.; cf. It. steccata, Sp. estacada. Cf.Stake.] (Mil.)
Defn: A dike of piles in the sea, a river, etc., to check the approach of an enemy.
ESTAFET; ESTAFETTE Es`ta*fet", Es`ta*fette", n. Etym: [F. estafette, cf. Sp. estafeta; fr. It. stafetta, fr. staffa stirrup, fr. OHG. stapho footstep, footprint, G. stapfe; akin to E. step.]
Defn: A courier who conveys messages to another courier; a military courier sent from one part of an army to another.
ESTAMINETEs`ta`mi`net", n. [F.]
Defn: A café, or room in a café, in which smoking is allowed.
ESTANCIAEs*tan"ci*a, n. Etym: [Sp. See Stanza.]
Defn: A grazing; a country house. [Spanish America]
ESTATE Es*tate", n. Etym: [OF. estat, F. état, L. status, fr. stare to stand. See Stand, and cf. State.]
1. Settled condition or form of existence; state; condition or circumstances of life or of any person; situation. "When I came to man's estate." Shak. Mind not high things, but condescend to men of low estate. Romans xii. 16.
2. Social standing or rank; quality; dignity. God hath imprinted his authority in several parts, upon several estates of men. Jer. Taylor.
3. A person of high rank. [Obs.] She's a duchess, a great estate. Latimer. Herod on his birthday made a supper to his lords, high captains, and chief estates of Galilee. Mark vi. 21.
4. A property which a person possesses; a fortune; possessions, esp. property in land; also, property of all kinds which a person leaves to be divided at his death. See what a vast estate he left his son. Dryden.
5. The state; the general body politic; the common-wealth; the general interest; state affairs. [Obs.] I call matters of estate not only the parts of sovereignty, but whatsoever . . . concerneth manifestly any great portion of people. Bacon.
6. pl.
Defn: The great classes or orders of a community or state (as the clergy, the nobility, and the commonalty of England) or their representatives who administer the government; as, the estates of the realm (England), which are (1) the lords spiritual, (2) the lords temporal, (3) the commons.
7. (Law)
Defn: The degree, quality, nature, and extent of one's interest in, or ownership of, lands, tenements, etc.; as, an estate for life, for years, at will, etc. Abbott. The fourth estate, a name often given to the public press.
ESTATEEs*tate", v. t.
1. To establish. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
2. Tom settle as a fortune. [Archaic] Shak.
3. To endow with an estate. [Archaic] Then would I . . . Estate them with large land and territory. Tennyson.
ESTATLICH; ESTATLYEs*tat"lich, Es"tat*ly, a. Etym: [OE.]
Defn: Stately; dignified. [Obs.] Chaucer.
ESTEEMEs*teem", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Esteemed; p. pr. & vb. n. Esteeming.]Etym: [F. estimer, L. aestimare, aestumare, to value, estimate; perh.akin to Skr. ish to seek, strive, and E. ask. Cf. Aim, Estimate.]
1. To set a value on; to appreciate the worth of; to estimate; to value; to reckon. Then he forsook God, which made him, and lightly esteemed the Rock of his salvation. Deut. xxxii. 15. Thou shouldst (gentle reader) esteem his censure and authority to be of the more weighty credence. Bp. Gardiner. Famous men, — whose scientific attainments were esteemed hardly less than supernatural. Hawthorne.
2. To set a high value on; to prize; to regard with reverence, respect, or friendship. Will he esteem thy riches Job xxxvi. 19. You talk kindlier: we esteem you for it. Tennyson.
Syn.— To estimate; appreciate; regard; prize; value; respect; revere.See Appreciate, Estimate.
ESTEEMEs*teem", v. i.
Defn: To form an estimate; to have regard to the value; to consider.[Obs.]We ourselves esteem not of that obedience, or love, or gift, which isof force. Milton.
ESTEEMEs*teem", n. Etym: [Cf. F. estime. See Esteem, v. t.]
1. Estimation; opinion of merit or value; hence, valuation; reckoning; price. Most dear in the esteem And poor in worth! Shak. I will deliver you, in ready coin, The full and dear'st esteem of what you crave. J. Webster.
2. High estimation or value; great regard; favorable opinion, founded on supposed worth. Nor should thy prowess want praise and esteem. Shak.
Syn.— See Estimate, n.
ESTEEMABLEEs*teem"a*ble, a.
Defn: Worthy of esteem; estimable. [R.] "Esteemable qualities." Pope.
ESTEEMEREs*teem"er, n.
Defn: One who esteems; one who sets a high value on any thing.The proudest esteemer of his own parts. Locke.
ESTEREs"ter, n. Etym: [A word invented by L. Gmelin, a German chemist.](Chem.)
Defn: An ethereal salt, or compound ether, consisting of an organic radical united with the residue of any oxygen acid, organic or inorganic; thus the natural fats are esters of glycerin and the fatty acids, oleic, etc.
ESTHESIOMETEREs*the`si*om"e*ter, n.
Defn: Same as Æsthesiometer.
ESTHETE; ESTHETIC; ESTHETICAL; ESTHETICS Es"thete, n.; Es*thet"ic (, a., Es*thet"ic*al (, a., Es*thet"ics (, n. etc.
Defn: Same as Æsthete, Æsthetic, Æsthetical, Æsthetics, etc.
ESTIFEROUSEs*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. aestifer; aestus fire + ferre to bear.]
Defn: Producing heat. [R.] Smart.
ESTIMABLEEs"ti*ma*ble, a. Etym: [F. estimable, or L. aestimabilis. SeeEsteem.]
1. Capable of being estimated or valued; as, estimable damage. Paley. .
2. Valuable; worth a great price. [R.] A pound of man's flesh, taken from a man, Is not so estimable, profitable neither, As flesh of muttons, beefs, or goats. Shak.
3. Worth of esteem or respect; deserving our good opinion or regard. A lady said of her two companions, that one was more amiable, the other more estimable. Sir W. Temple.
ESTIMABLEEs"ti*ma*ble, n.
Defn: A thing worthy of regard. [R.]One of the peculiar estimables of her country. Sir T. Browne.
ESTIMABLENESSEs"ti*ma*ble*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of deserving esteem or regard.
ESTIMABLYEs"ti*ma*bly, adv.
Defn: In an estimable manner.
ESTIMATEEs"ti*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Estimated; p. pr. & vb. n.Estimating.] Etym: [L. aestimatus, p. p. of aestimare. See Esteem, v.t.]
1. To judge and form an opinion of the value of, from imperfect data, — either the extrinsic (money), or intrinsic (moral), value; to fix the worth of roughly or in a general way; as, to estimate the value of goods or land; to estimate the worth or talents of a person. It is by the weight of silver, and not the name of the piece, that men estimate commodities and exchange them. Locke. It is always very difficult to estimate the age in which you are living. J. C. Shairp.
2. To from an opinion of, as to amount,, number, etc., from imperfect data, comparison, or experience; to make an estimate of; to calculate roughly; to rate; as, to estimate the cost of a trip, the number of feet in a piece of land.
Syn. — To appreciate; value; appraise; prize; rate; esteem; count; calculate; number. — To Estimate, Esteem. Both these words imply an exercise of the judgment. Estimate has reference especially to the external relations of things, such as amount, magnitude, importance, etc. It usually involves computation or calculation; as, to estimate the loss or gain of an enterprise. Esteem has reference to the intrinsic or moral worth of a person or thing. Thus, we esteem a man for his kindness, or his uniform integrity. In this sense it implies a mingled sentiment of respect and attachment. We esteem it an honor to live in a free country. See Appreciate.
ESTIMATEEs"ti*mate, n.
Defn: A valuing or rating by the mind, without actually measuring, weighing, or the like; rough or approximate calculation; as, an estimate of the cost of a building, or of the quantity of water in a pond. Weigh success in a moral balance, and our whole estimate is changed. J. C. Shairp.
Syn. — Estimate, Estimation, Esteem. The noun estimate, like its verb, supposes chiefly an exercise of judgment in determining the amount, importance, or magnitude of things, with their other exterior relations; as, an estimate of expenses incurred; a true estimate of life, etc. Esteem is a moral sentiment made up of respect and attachment, — the valuation of a person as possessing useful qualities or real worth. Thus we speak of the esteem of the wise and good as a thing greatly to be desired. Estimation seems to waver between the two. In our version of the Scriptures it is used simply for estimate; as, "If he be poorer than thy estimation." Lev. xxvii. 8. In other cases, it verges toward esteem; as, "I know him to be of worth and worthy estimation." Shak. It will probably settle down at last on this latter sense. "Esteem is the value we place upon some degree of worth. It is higher than simple approbation, which is a decision of judgment. It is the commencement of affection." Gogan. No; dear as freedom is, and in my heart's Just estimation prized above all price. Cowper.
ESTIMATION Es`ti*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. aestimatio, fr. aestimare: cf. F. estimation. See Esteem, v. t.]
1. The act of estimating. Shak.
2. An opinion or judgment of the worth, extent, or quantity of anything, formed without using precise data; valuation; as, estimations of distance, magnitude, amount, or moral qualities. If he be poorer that thy estimation, then he shall present himself before the priest, and the priest, and the priest shall value him. Lev. xxvii. 8.
3. Favorable opinion; esteem; regard; honor. I shall have estimation among multitude, and honor with the elders. Wisdom viii. 10.
4. Supposition; conjecture. I speak not this in estimation, As what I think might be, but what I know. Shak.
Syn. — Estimate; calculation; computation; appraisement; esteem; honor; regard. See Estimate, n.
ESTIMATIVEEs"ti*ma*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. estimatif.]
1. Inclined, or able, to estimate; serving for, or capable of being used in, estimating. We find in animals an estimative or judicial faculty. Sir M. Hale.
2. Pertaining to an estimate. [R.]
ESTIMATOREs"ti*ma`tor, n. Etym: [L. aestimator.]
Defn: One who estimates or values; a valuer. Jer. Taylor.
ESTIVAL; ESTIVATE; ESTIVATIONEs"ti*val, a., Es"ti*vate , v. i., Es`ti*va"tion , n.
Defn: Same as Æstival, Æstivate, etc.
ESTOILEEs`toile", n. Etym: [OF.] (Her.)
Defn: A six-pointed star whose rays are wavy, instead of straight like those of a mullet. [Written also étoile.] Estoile of eight points, a star which has four straight and four wavy rays. — Estoile of four points. Same as Cross estoilé, under Cross.
ESTOPEs*top", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Estophed; p. pr. & vb. n. Estopping.]Etym: [OF. estoper to stop, plug, close, F. étouper, LL. stuppare toclose with tow, obstruct, fr. L. stuppa tow, oakum, cf. Gr. Stop.](Law)
Defn: To impede or bar by estoppel. A party will be estopped by his admissions, where his intent is to influence another, or derive an advantage to himself. Abbott.
ESTOPPEL Es*top"pel, n. Etym: [From Estop.] (Law) (a) A stop; an obstruction or bar to one's alleging or denying a fact contrary to his own previous action, allegation, or denial; an admission, by words or conduct, which induces another to purchase rights, against which the party making such admission can not take a position inconsistent with the admission. (b) The agency by which the law excludes evidence to dispute certain admissions, which the policy of the law treats as indisputable. Wharton. Stephen. Burrill.
ESTOVERS Es*to"vers, n. pl. Etym: [OF. estoveir, estovoir, necessary, necessity, need, prop. an infin. meaning to suit, be fit, be necessary. See Stover.] (Law)
Defn: Necessaries or supples; an allowance to a person out of an estate or other thing for support; as of wood to a tenant for life, etc., of sustenance to a man confined for felony of his estate, or alimony to a woman divorced out of her husband's estate. Blackstone. Common of estovers. See under Common, n.
ESTRADE Es`trade", n. Etym: [F., fr. Sp. estrado, orig., a carpet on the floor of a room, also, a carpeted platform, fr. L. stratum bed covering. See Stratum.] (Arch.)
Defn: A portion of the floor of a room raised above the general level, as a place for a bed or a throne; a platform; a dais. He [the teacher] himself should have his desk on a mounted estrade or platform. J. G. Fitch.
ESTRAMACONEs`tra`ma`con", n. Etym: [F.]
1. A straight, heavy sword with two edges, used in the 16th and 17th centuries.
2. A blow with edge of a sword. Farrow.
ESTRANGEEs*trange", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Estranged; p. pr. & vb. n.Estranging.] Etym: [OF. estrangier to remove, F. étranger, L.extraneare to treat as a stranger, from extraneus strange. SeeStrange.]
1. To withdraw; to withhold; hence, reflexively, to keep at a distance; to cease to be familiar and friendly with. We must estrange our belief from everything which is not clearly and distinctly evidenced. Glanvill. Had we . . . estranged ourselves from them in things indifferent. Hooker.
2. To divert from its original use or purpose, or from its former possessor; to alienate. They . . . have estranged this place, and have burned incense in it unto other gods. Jer. xix. 4.
3. To alienate the affections or confidence of; to turn from attachment to enmity or indifference. I do not know, to this hour, what it is that has estranged him from me. Pope. He . . . had pretended to be estranged from the Whigs, and had promised to act as a spy upon them. Macaulay.
ESTRANGEDNESSEs*tran"ged*ness, n.
Defn: State of being estranged; estrangement. Prynne.
ESTRANGEMENTEs*trange"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. estrangement.]
Defn: The act of estranging, or the state of being estranged;alienation.An estrangement from God. J. C. Shairp.A long estrangement from better things. South.
ESTRANGEREs*tran"ger, n.
Defn: One who estranges.
ESTRANGLEEs*tran"gle, v. t.
Defn: To strangle. [Obs.]
ESTRAPADEEs`tra*pade", n. Etym: [F.] (Man.)
Defn: The action of a horse, when, to get rid of his rider, he rears, plunges, and kicks furiously.
ESTRAYEs*tray", v. i.
Defn: To stray. [Obs.] Daniel.
ESTRAYEs*tray" n. (Law)
Defn: Any valuable animal, not wild, found wandering from its owner; a stray. Burrill.
ESTREEs"tre, n. Etym: [OF. estre state, plan.]
Defn: The inward part of a building; the interior. [Obs.] Chaucer.
ESTREATEs*treat", n. Etym: [OF. estraite, prop., an extract, fr. p. p. ofestraire to extract, F. extraire, fr. L.extrahere. See Extract.](Law)
Defn: A true copy, duplicate, or extract of an original writing or record, esp. of amercements or penalties set down in the rolls of court to be levied by the bailiff, or other officer. Cowell. Estreat of a recognizance, the extracting or taking out a forfeited recognizance from among the other records of the court, for the purpose of a prosecution in another court, or it may be in the same court. Burrill.
ESTREAT Es*treat", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Estreated; p. pr. & vb. n. Estreating.] (Law) (a) To extract or take out from the records of a court, and send up to the court of exchequer to be enforced; — said of a forfeited recognizance. (b) To bring in to the exchequer, as a fine.
ESTREPEEs*trepe", v. t. Etym: [OF. estreper.] (Law)
Defn: To strip or lay bare, as land of wood, houses, etc.; to commit waste.
ESTREPEMENTEs*trepe"ment, n. Etym: [OF., damage, waste.] (Law)
Defn: A destructive kind of waste, committed by a tenant for life, in lands, woods, or houses. Cowell.
ESTRICHEs"trich, n.
1. Ostrich. [Obs.] Massinger.
2. (Com.)
Defn: The down of the ostrich. Brande & C.
ESTUANCEEs"tu*ance, n. Etym: [From L. aestuans, p. pr. of aestuare. SeeEstuate.]
Defn: Heat. [Obs.]
ESTUARINEEs"tu*a*rine, a.
Defn: Pertaining to an estuary; estuary.
ESTUARY Es"tu*a*ry, n.; pl. Estuaries. Etym: [L. aestuarium, from aestuare to surge. See Estuate.] [Written also æstuary.]
1. A place where water boils up; a spring that wells forth. [Obs.] Boyle.
2. A passage, as the mouth of a river or lake, where the tide meets the current; an arm of the sea; a frith. it to the sea was often by long and wide estuaries. Dana.
ESTUARYEs"tu*a*ry, a.
Defn: Belonging to, or formed in, an estuary; as, estuary strata.Lyell.
ESTUATEEs"tu*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Estuated; p. pr. & vb. n. Estuating.]Etym: [L. aestuare to be in violent motion, to boil up, burn, fr.aestus boiling or undulating motion, fire, glow, heat; akin toGr.Ether.]
Defn: To boil up; to swell and rage; to be agitated. Bacon.
ESTUATIONEs`tu*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. aestuatio.]
Defn: The act of estuating; commotion, as of a fluid; agitation.The estuations of joys and fears. W. Montagu.
ESTUFAEs*tu"fa, n.; pl. Estufas. Etym: [Sp., a stove, a warm room. Cf.Stove.]
Defn: An assembly room in dwelling of the Pueblo Indians. L. H.Morgan.
ESTUREEs"ture, n. Etym: [See Estuate.]
Defn: Commotion. [Obs.] Chapman.
ESURIENT E*su"ri*ent, a. Etym: [L. esuriens, p. pr. of ensurire, fr. edere to eat.]
Defn: Inclined to eat; hungry; voracious. [R.] Bailey. "Poor, but esurient." Carlyle.
ESURIENTE*su"ri*ent, n.
Defn: One who is hungry or greedy. [R.]An insatiable esurient after riches. Wood.
ESURINEEs"u*rine, a. Etym: [See Esurient.]
Defn: Causing hunger; eating; corroding. [Obs.] Wiseman.
ESURINEEs"u*rine, n. (Med.)
Defn: A medicine which provokes appetites, or causes hunger. [Obs.]
-ET -et. Etym: [F. -et, masc., -ette, fem. Cf. -let.]
Defn: A noun suffix with a diminutive force; as in baronet, pocket, facet, floweret, latchet.
ETAACE*taac", n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The blue buck.
ETACISME"ta*cism, n. Etym: [Gr. Itacism.] (Greek Gram.)
Defn: The pronunciation of the Greek ê (eta) like the Italian e long, that is like a in the English word ate. See Itacism.
ETACISTE"ta*cist, n.
Defn: One who favors etacism.
ETAGERE É`ta`gère", n. Etym: [F., fr. étager to arrange on shelves, fr. étage story, floor. See Stage.]
Defn: A piece of furniture having a number of uninclosed shelves or stages, one above another, for receiving articles of elegance or use. Fairholt.
ETAMINEEt"a*mine, n. [F. élamine.]
Defn: A light textile fabric, like a fine bunting.
ETAPEÉ`tape", n. [F. Cf. Staple a mart.]
1.
Defn: A public storehouse.
2. Supplies issued to troops on the march; hence (Mil.),
Defn: the place where troops on the march halt over night; also, by extension, the distance marched during a day.
3. In Russia, a prison or stockade for the confinement of prisoners in transit.
ETAT MAJORÉ`tat" Ma`jor". Etym: [F., fr. état state + L. major greater.] (Mil.)
Defn: The staff of an army, including all officers above the rank of colonel, also, all adjutants, inspectors, quartermasters, commissaries, engineers, ordnance officers, paymasters, physicians, signal officers, judge advocates; also, the noncommissioned assistants of the above officers.
ET CETERA; ET CAETERAEt` cet"e*ra, Et` cæt"e*ra. Etym: [L. et and + caetera other things.]
Defn: Others of the like kind; and the rest; and so on; — used to point out that other things which could be mentioned are to be understood. Usually abbreviated into etc. or &c. (&c). Shak.
ETCHEtch, n.
Defn: A variant of Eddish. [Obs.] Mortimer.
ETCH Etch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Etched; p. pr. & vb. n. Etching.] Etym: [D. etsen, G. ätzen to feed, corrode, etch. MHG. etzen, causative of ezzen to eat, G. essen Eat.]
1. To produce, as figures or designs, on mental, glass, or the like, by means of lines or strokes eaten in or corroded by means of some strong acid.
Note: The plate is first covered with varnish, or some other ground capable of resisting the acid, and this is then scored or scratched with a needle, or similar instrument, so as to form the drawing; the plate is then covered with acid, which corrodes the metal in the lines thus laid bare.
2. To subject to etching; to draw upon and bite with acid, as a plate of metal. I was etching a plate at the beginning of 1875. Hamerton.
3. To sketch; to delineate. [R.] There are many empty terms to be found in some learned writes, to which they had recourse to etch out their system. Locke.
ETCHEtch, v. i.
Defn: To practice etching; to make etchings.
ETCHEREtch"er, n.
Defn: One who etches.
ETCHINGEtch"ing, n.
1. The act, art, or practice of engraving by means of acid which eats away lines or surfaces left unprotected in metal, glass, or the like. See Etch, v. t.
2. A design carried out by means of the above process; a pattern on metal, glass, etc., produced by etching.
3. An impression on paper, parchment, or other material, taken in ink from an etched plate. Etching figures (Min.), markings produced on the face of a crystal by the action of an appropriate solvent. They have usually a definite form, and are important as revealing the molecular structure. — Etching needle, a sharp-pointed steel instrument with which lines are drawn in the ground or varnish in etching. — Etching stitch (Needlework), a stitch used outline embroidery.
ETEOSTICE`te*os"tic, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: A kind of chronogram. [R.] B. Jonson.
ETERMINABLEE*ter"mi*na*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. e- + terminable.]
Defn: Interminable. [Obs.] Skelton.
ETERN; ETERNE E*tern" or E*terne", a. Etym: [OF. eterne, L. aeternus, for aeviturnus, fr. aevum age. See Age, and cf. Eternal.]
Defn: Eternal. [Poetic] Shak.Built up to eterne significance. Mrs. Browning.
ETERNALE*ter"nal, a. Etym: [F. éternel, L. aeternalis, fr. aeternus. SeeEtern.]
1. Without beginning or end of existence; always existing. The eternal God is thy refuge. Deut. xxxiii. 27. To know wether there were any real being, whose duration has been eternal. Locke.
2. Without end of existence or duration; everlasting; endless; immortal. That they may also obtain the salvation which is in Christ Jesus, with eternal glory. 2 Tim. ii. 10.
3. Continued without intermission; perpetual; ceaseless; constant. And fires eternal in thy temple shine. Dryden.
4. Existing at all times without change; immutable. Hobbes believed the eternal truths which he opposed. Dryden. What are the eternal objects of poetry among all nations, and at all times M. Arnold.
5. Exceedingly great or bad; — used as a strong intensive. "Some eternal villain." The Eternal City, an appellation of Rome.
Syn. — Everlasting; endless; infinite; ceaseless; perpetual; interminable. See Everlasting.
ETERNALE*ter"nal, n.
1. One of the appellations of God. Law whereby the Eternal himself doth work. Hooker.
2. That which is endless and immortal. Young.
ETERNALISTE*ter"nal*ist, n.
Defn: One who holds the existence of matter to be from eternity. T.Burnet.
ETERNALIZEE*ter"nal*ize, v. t.
Defn: To make eternal. Shelton.
ETERNALLYE*ter"nal*ly, adv.
Defn: In an eternal manner.That which is morally good or evil at any time or in any case, mustbe also eternally and unchangeably so. South.Where western gales eternally reside. Addison.
ETERNEE*terne", a.
Defn: See Etern.
ETERNIFYE*ter"ni*fy, v. t.
Defn: To make eternal. [Obs.]Fame . . . eternifies the name. Mir. for Mag.
ETERNITY E*ter"ni*ty, n.; pl. Eternities. Etym: [F. éternité, L. aeternitas, fr. aeternus. See Etern.]
1. Infinite duration, without beginning in the past or end in the future; also, duration without end in the future; endless time. The high and lofty One, that inhabiteth eternity. Is. lvii. 15.
2. Condition which begins at death; immortality. Thou know'st 't is common; all that lives must die, Passing through nature to eternity. Shak.
ETERNIZATIONE*ter`ni*za"tion, n.
Defn: The act of eternizing; the act of rendering immortal or famous.
ETERNIZEE*ter"nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eternized; p. pr. & vb. n.Eterniziing.] Etym: [Cf. F. éterniser.]
1. To make eternal or endless. This other [gift] served but to eternize woe. Milton.
2. To make forever famous; to immortalize; as, to eternize one's self, a name, exploits. St. Alban's battle won by famous York, Shall be eternized in all age to come. Shak.
ETESIANE*te"sian, a. Etym: [L. etesiae, pl., periodic winds, Gr. étésien.]
Defn: Periodical; annual; — applied to winds which annually blow from the north over the Mediterranean, esp. the eastern part, for an irregular period during July and August.
ETHALEth"al, n. Etym: [Ether + alcohol: cf. F. éthal.] (Chem.)
Defn: A white waxy solid, C16H33.OH; — called also cetylic alcohol.See Cetylic alcohol, under Cetylic.
ETHANEEth"ane, n. Etym: [From Ether.] (Chem.)
Defn: A gaseous hydrocarbon, C2H6, forming a constituent of ordinary illuminating gas. It is the second member of the paraffin series, and its most important derivatives are common alcohol, aldehyde, ether, and acetic acid. Called also dimethyl.
ETHEEthe, a. Etym: [See Eath.]
Defn: Easy. [Obs.] Spenser.
ETHELEth"el, a. Etym: [AS. e, æ. See Atheling.]
Defn: Noble. [Obs.]
ETHENEEth"ene, n. (Chem.)
Defn: Ethylene; olefiant gas.
ETHENICE*then"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, derived from. or resembling, ethene or ethylene; as, ethenic ether.
ETHENYL Eth"e*nyl, n. Etym: [Ethene + -yl.] (Chem.) (a) A trivalent hydrocarbon radical, CH3.C. (b) A univalent hydrocarbon radical of the ethylene series, CH2:CH; - - called also vinyl. See Vinyl.
ETHEOSTOMOIDE`the*os"to*moid, a. Etym: [NL. etheostoma name of a genus + -oid.](Zoöl.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or like, the genus Etheostoma.— n.
Defn: Any fish of the genus Etheostoma and related genera, allied to the perches; — also called darter. The etheostomoids are small and often bright-colored fishes inhabiting the fresh waters of North America. About seventy species are known. See Darter.
ETHERE"ther, n. Etym: [L. aether, Gr. idh, indh, and prob. to E. idle: cf.F. éther.] [Written also æther.]
1. (Physics)
Defn: A medium of great elasticity and extreme tenuity, supposed to pervade all space, the interior of solid bodies not excepted, and to be the medium of transmission of light and heat; hence often called luminiferous ether.
2. Supposed matter above the air; the air itself.
3. (Chem.) (a) A light, volatile, mobile, inflammable liquid, (C2H5)2O, of a characteristic aromatic odor, obtained by the distillation of alcohol with sulphuric acid, and hence called also sulphuric ether. It is powerful solvent of fats, resins, and pyroxylin, but finds its chief use as an anæsthetic. Called also ethyl oxide.ethyl ether. (b) Any similar oxide of hydrocarbon radicals; as, amyl ether; valeric ether. Complex ether, Mixed ether (Chem.), an oxide of two different radicals in the same molecule; as, ethyl methyl ether, C2H5.O.CH3. — Compound ether (Chem.), an ethereal salt or a salt of some hydrocarbon as the base; an ester. — Ether engine (Mach.), a condensing engine like a steam engine, but operated by the vapor of ether instead of by steam.
ETHEREALE*the"re*al, a.
1. Pertaining to the hypothetical upper, purer air, or to the higher regions beyond the earth or beyond the atmosphere; celestial; as, ethereal space; ethereal regions. Go, heavenly guest, ethereal messenger. Milton.
2. Consisting of ether; hence, exceedingly light or airy; tenuous; spiritlike; characterized by extreme delicacy, as form, manner, thought, etc. Vast chain of being, which from God began, Natures ethereal, human, angel, man. Pope.
3. (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, ether; as, ethereal salts. Ethereal oil. (Chem.) See Essential oil, under Essential. — Ethereal oil of wine (Chem.), a heavy, yellow, oily liquid consisting essentially of etherin, etherol, and ethyl sulphate. It is the oily residuum left after etherification. Called also heavy oil of wine (distinguished from oil of wine, or oenanthic ether). — Ethereal salt (Chem.), a salt of some organic radical as a base; an ester.
ETHEREALISME*the"re*al*ism, n.
Defn: Ethereality.
ETHEREALITYE*the`re*al"i*ty, n.
Defn: The state of being ethereal; etherealness.Something of that ethereality of thought and manner which belonged toWordsworth's earlier lyrics. J. C. Shairp.
ETHEREALIZATIONE*the`re*al*i*za"tion, n.
Defn: An ethereal or spiritlike state. J. H. Stirling.
ETHEREALIZEE*the"re*al*ize, v. t.
1. To convert into ether, or into subtile fluid; to saturate with ether.
2. To render ethereal or spiritlike. Etherealized, moreover, by spiritual communications with the other world. Hawthorne.
ETHEREALLYE*the"re*al*ly, adv.
Defn: In an ethereal manner.
ETHEREALNESSE*the"re*al*ness, n.
Defn: Ethereality.
ETHEREOUSE*the"re*ous, a. Etym: [L.aethereus, Gr. Ether.]
1. Formed of ether; ethereal. [Obs.] This ethereous mold whereon we stand. Milton.
2. (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, either. Ethereous oil. SeeEthereal oil, under Ethereal.
ETHERIFICATIONE*ther`i*fi*ca"tion, n. (Chem.)
Defn: The act or process of making ether; specifically, the process by which a large quantity of alcohol is transformed into ether by the agency of a small amount of sulphuric, or ethyl sulphuric, acid.
ETHERIFORME*ther"i*form, a. Etym: [Ether + form.]
Defn: Having the form of ether.
ETHERINE"ther*in, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A white, crystalline hydrocarbon, regarded as a polymeric variety of ethylene, obtained in heavy oil of wine, the residue left after making ether; — formerly called also concrete oil of wine.
ETHERIZATION E`ther*i*za"tion n. (Med.) (a) The administration of ether to produce insensibility. (b) The state of the system under the influence of ether.
ETHERIZEE"ther*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Etherized; p. pr. & vb. n.Etherizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. éthériser.]
1. To convert into ether.
2. To render insensible by means of ether, as by inhalation; as, to etherize a patient.
ETHEROLE"ther*ol, n. Etym: [Ether + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)
Defn: An oily hydrocarbon regarded as a polymeric variety of ethylene, produced with etherin.
ETHIC; ETHICAL Eth"ic, Eth"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. ethicus, Gr. sidus, G. sitte, Skr. svadh, prob. orig., one's own doing; sva self + dh to set: cf. F. éthique. See So, Do.]
Defn: Of, or belonging to, morals; treating of the moral feelings or duties; containing percepts of morality; moral; as, ethic discourses or epistles; an ethical system; ethical philosophy. The ethical meaning of the miracles. Trench. Ethical dative (Gram.), a use of the dative of a pronoun to signify that the person or thing spoken of is regarded with interest by some one; as, Quid mihi Celsus agit How does my friend Celsus do
ETHICALLYEth"ic*al*ly, adv.
Defn: According to, in harmony with, moral principles or character.
ETHICISTEth"i*cist, n.
Defn: One who is versed in ethics, or has written on ethics.
ETHICSEth"ics, n. Etym: [Cf. F. éthique. See Ethic.]
Defn: The science of human duty; the body of rules of duty drawn from this science; a particular system of principles and rules concerting duty, whether true or false; rules of practice in respect to a single class of human actions; as, political or social ethics; medical ethics. The completeness and consistency of its morality is the peculiar praise of the ethics which the Bible has taught. I. Taylor.
ETHIDEEth"ide, n. (Chem.)
Defn: Any compound of ethyl of a binary type; as, potassium ethide.
ETHIDENEEth"i*dene, n. Etym: [From Ether.] (Chem.)
Defn: Ethylidene. [Obs.]
ETHINEEth"ine, n. (Chem.)
Defn: Acetylene.
ETHIONICEth`i*on"ic, a. Etym: [Ethyl + thionic.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid so called. Ethionic acid (Chem.), a liquid derivative of ethylsulphuric and sulphuric (thionic) acids, obtained by the action of sulphur trioxide on absolute alcohol.
ETHIOP; ETHIOPIANE"thi*op, E`thi*o"pi*an, n. Etym: [L. Aethiops, Gr.
Defn: A native or inhabitant of Ethiopia; also, in a general sense, a negro or black man.
ETHIOPIAN; ETHIOPICE`thi*o"pi*an, E`thi*op"ic, a.
Defn: Of or relating to Ethiopia or the Ethiopians.
ETHIOPICE`thi*op"ic, n.
Defn: The language of ancient Ethiopia; the language of the ancient Abyssinian empire (in Ethiopia), now used only in the Abyssinian church. It is of Semitic origin, and is also called Geez.
ETHIOPSE"thi*ops n. Etym: [NL. See Ethiop.] (Old Chem.)
Defn: A black substance; — formerly applied to various preparations of a black or very dark color. [Written also Æthiops.] [Obs.] Ethiops martial (Old Chem.), black oxide of iron. — Ethiops mineral (Old Chem.), black sulphide of mercury, obtained by triturating mercury with sulphur. — Ethiops per se (Old Chem.), mercury in finely divided state, having the appearance of a dark powder, obtained by shaking it up or by exposure to the air.
ETHMOID; ETHMOIDAL Eth"moid, Eth*moid"al, a. Etym: [Gr. ethmoïde, ethmoïdal.] (Anat.) (a) Like a sieve; cribriform. (b) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the ethmoid bone. Ethmoid bone (Anat.), a bone of complicated structure through which the olfactory nerves pass out of the cranium and over which they are largely distributed.
ETHMOIDEth"moid n. (Anat.)
Defn: The ethmoid bone.
ETHMOTRUBINALEth`mo*tru"bi*nal, a. Etym: [Ethmoid + turbinal.]
Defn: See Turbinal.— n.
Defn: An ethmoturbinal bone.
ETHMOVOMERINEEth`mo*vo"mer*ine, n. Etym: [Ethmoid + vomerine.] (Anat.)
Defn: Pertaining to the region of the vomer and the base of the ethmoid in the skull. Ethmovomerine plate (Anat.), a cartilaginous plate beneath the front of the fetal brain which the ethmoid region of the skull is developed.
ETHNARCHEth"narch, n. Etym: [Gr. -arch.] (Gr. Antiq.)
Defn: The governor of a province or people. Lew Wallace.
ETHNARCHYEth"narch*y n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: The dominion of an ethnarch; principality and rule. Wright.
ETHNIC; ETHNICALEth"nic, Eth"nic*al, a. Etym: [L. ethnicus, Gr. ethnique.]
1. Belonging to races or nations; based on distinctions of race; ethnological.
2. Pertaining to the gentiles, or nations not converted to Christianity; heathen; pagan; — opposed to Jewish and Christian.
ETHNICEth"nic n.
Defn: A heathen; a pagan. [Obs.]No better reported than impure ethnic and lay dogs. Milton.
ETHNICALLYEth"nic*al*ly, adv.
Defn: In an ethnical manner.
ETHNICISMEth"ni*cism n.
Defn: Heathenism; paganism; idolatry. [Obs.] "Taint of ethnicism." B.Jonson.
ETHNOGRAPHEREth*nog"ra*pher n.
Defn: One who investigates ethnography.
ETHNOGRAPHIC; ETHNOGRAPHICAL Eth`no*graph"ic, Eth`no*graph"ic*al,. a. Etym: [Cf. F. ethnographique.]
Defn: pertaining to ethnography.
ETHNOGRAPHICALLYEth`no*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.
Defn: In an ethnographical manner.
ETHNOGRAPHYEth*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. ethnographie.]
Defn: That branch of knowledge which has for its subject the characteristics of the human family, developing the details with which ethnology as a comparative science deals; descriptive ethnology. See Ethnology.
ETHNOLOGIC; ETHNOLOGICALEth`no*log"ic, Eth`no*log"ic*al, a
Defn: Of or pertaining to ethnology.
ETHNOLOGICALLYEth`no*log"ic*al*ly, adv.
Defn: In an ethnological manner; by ethnological classification; as, one belonging ethnologically to an African race.
ETHNOLOGISTEth*nol"o*gist, n.
Defn: One versed in ethnology; a student of ethnology.
ETHNOLOGYEth*nol"o*gy n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]
Defn: The science which treats of the division of mankind into races, their origin, distribution, and relations, and the peculiarities which characterize them.
ETHOLOGIC; ETHOLOGICALEth`o*log"ic, Eth`o*log"ic*al, a Etym: [See Ethology.]
Defn: treating of, or pertaining to, ethnic or morality, or the science of character. J. S. Mill.
ETHOLOGISTE*thol"o*gist n.
Defn: One who studies or writes upon ethology.
ETHOLOGYE*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.
1. A treatise on morality; ethics.
2. The science of the formation of character, national and collective as well as individual. J. S. Mill.
ETHOPOETICEth"o*po*et"ic. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Expressing character. [Obs.] Urquhart.
ETHOSE"thos, n. [L., fr. Gr. character. See Ethic.]
1.
Defn: The character, sentiment, or disposition of a community or people, considered as a natural endowment; the spirit which actuates manners and customs; also, the characteristic tone or genius of an institution or social organization.
2. (Æsthetics) The traits in a work of art which express the ideal or typic character — character as influenced by the ethos (sense 1) of a people — rather than realistic or emotional situations or individual character in a narrow sense; — opposed to pathos.
ETHULEEth"ule Etym: [Ether + Gr. Ethyl, and see -yl.] (Chem.)
Defn: Ethyl. [Obs.]
ETHYLEth"yl, n. Etym: [Ether + -yl.] (Chem.)
Defn: A monatomic, hydrocarbon radical, C2H5 of the paraffin series, forming the essential radical of ethane, and of common alcohol and ether. Ethyl aldehyde. (Chem.) See Aldehyde.
ETHYLAMINEEth`yl*am"ine, n. Etym: [Ethyl + amine.] (Chem.)
Defn: A colorless, mobile, inflammable liquid, C2H5.NH2, very volatile and with an ammoniacal odor. It is a strong base, and is a derivative of ammonia. Called also ethyl carbamine, and amido ethane.
ETHYLATEEth"yl*ate. Etym: [From Ethyl.] (Chem.)
Defn: A compound derived from ethyl alcohol by the replacement of the hydroxyl hydrogen, after the manner of a hydrate; an ethyl alcoholate; as, potassium ethylate, C2H5.O.K.
ETHYLENEEth"yl*ene, n. [From Ethyl.] (Chem.)
Defn: A colorless, gaseous hydrocarbon, C2H4, forming an important ingredient of illuminating gas, and also obtained by the action of concentrated sulphuric acid in alcohol. It is an unsaturated compound and combines directly with chlorine and bromine to form oily liquids (Dutch liquid), — hence called olefiant gas. Called also ethene, elayl, and formerly, bicarbureted hydrogen. Ethylene series (Chem.), the series if unsaturated hydrocarbons of which ethylene is the type, and represented by the general formula CnH2n.
ETHYLICE*thyl"ic. (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, ethyl; as, ethylic alcohol.
ETHYLIDENEE*thyl"i*dene. (Chem.)
Defn: An unsymmetrical, divalent, hydrocarbon radical, C2H4 metameric with ethylene but written thus, CH3.CH to distinguish it from the symmetrical ethylene, CH2.CH2. Its compounds are derived from aldehyde. Formerly called also ethidene.
ETHYLINEth"yl*in. (Chem.)
Defn: Any one of the several complex ethers of ethyl and glycerin.
ETHYLSULPHURICEth`yl*sul*phu"ric a. (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, ethyl and sulphuric acid. Ethylsulphuric acid (Chem.), an acid sulphate of ethyl, H.C2H5.SO4, produced as a thick liquid by the action of sulphiric acid on alcohol. It appears to be the active catalytic agent in the process of etherification.
ETIOLATEE"ti*o*late. v. i. [imp. & p. p. Etiolated; p. pr. & vb. n.Etiolating.] Etym: [F. étioler to blanch.]
1. To become white or whiter; to be whitened or blanched by excluding the light of the sun, as, plants.
2. (Med.)
Defn: To become pale through disease or absence of light.
ETIOLATEE"ti*o*late, v. t.
1. To blanch; to bleach; to whiten by depriving of the sun's rays.
2. (Med.)
Defn: To cause to grow pale by disease or absence of light.
ETIOLATE; ETIOLATEDE"ti*o*late, E"ti*o*la`ted, a.
Defn: Having a blanched or faded appearance, as birds inhabiting desert regions.
ETIOLATIONE`ti*o*la"tion, n.
1. The operation of blanching plants, by excluding the light of the sun; the condition of a blanched plant.
2. (Med.)
Defn: Paleness produced by absence of light, or by disease. Dunglison.
ETIOLINE"ti*o*lin, n. Etym: [See Etiolate.] (Bot.)
Defn: A yellowish coloring matter found in plants grown in darkness, which is supposed to be an antecedent condition of chlorophyll. Encyc. Brit.
ETIOLOGICALE`ti*o*log"ic*al, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or inquiring into, causes; ætiological.
ETIOLOGYE`ti*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. étiologie.]
Defn: The science of causes. Same as tiology.