Defn: The art or process of electrotypy.
GALVANOPUNCTUREGal*van`o*punc"ture, n. (Med.)
Defn: Same as Electro-puncture.
GALVANOSCOPEGal*van`o*scope, n. Etym: [Galvanic + -scope: cf. F. galvanoscope.](Elec.)
Defn: An instrument or apparatus for detecting the presence of electrical currents, especially such as are of feeble intensity.
GALVANOSCOPICGal*van`o*scop"ic, a
Defn: Of or pertaining to a galvanoscope.
GALVANOSCOPYGal`va*nos"co*py, n (Physiol.)
Defn: The use of galvanism in physiological experiments.
GALVANOTONUSGal`va*not"o*nus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. E. galvanic + GR. (Physiol.)
Defn: Same as Electrotonus.
GALVANOTROPISMGal`va*not"ro*pism, n. Etym: [Galvanic + Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: The tendency of a root to place its axis in the line of a galvanic current.
GALWESGal"wes, n.
Defn: Gallows. [Obs.] Chaucer.
GAM Gam, n. [Orig. uncert.] (Naut.) (a) A herd, or school, of whales. (b) A visit between whalers at sea; a holding of social intercourse between those on different vessels at sea, or (Local U. S.) between persons ashore.
GAM Gam, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gammed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gam"ming.] (Naut.) (a) To gather in a gam; — said of whales. (b) To engage in a gam, or (Local, U. S.) in social intercourse anywhere.
GAMGam, v. t. (Naut.)
Defn: To have a gam with; to pay a visit to, esp. among whalers at sea.
GAMA GRASSGa"ma grass`. Etym: [From Gama, a cluster of the Maldive Islands.](Bot.)
Defn: A species of grass (Tripsacum dactyloides) tall, stout, and exceedingly productive; cultivated in the West Indies, Mexico, and the Southern States of North America as a forage grass; — called also sesame grass.
GAMASHESGa*mash"es, n. pl. Etym: [F. gamaches.]
Defn: High boots or buskins; in Scotland, short spatterdashes or riding trousers, worn over the other clothing.
GAMBAGam"ba, n.
Defn: A viola da gamba.
GAMBADOESGam*ba"does, n. pl. Etym: [I. or Sp. gamba leg. See Gambol, n.]
Defn: Same as Gamashes. His thin legs tenanted a pair of gambadoes fastened at the side with rusty clasps. Sir W. Scott.
GAMBEERGam*beer", v. t. [Cf. F. gambier a kind of hook.] (Fishing)
Defn: To gaff, as mackerel.
GAMBESONGam"be*son, n.
Defn: Same as Gambison.
GAMBETGam"bet, n. Etym: [Fr. gambette, or It. gambetta.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any bird of the genuis Totanus. See Tattler.
GAMBIER Gam"bier, n. Etym: [Malayan.] (a) The inspissated juice of a plant (Uncaria Gambir) growing in Malacca. It is a powerful astringent, and, under the name of Terra Japonica, is used for chewing with the Areca nut, and is exported for tanning and dyeing. (b) Catechu. [Written also gambeer and gambir.]
GAMBISON Gam"bi*son, n. Etym: [OF. gambeson, gambaison, fr. gambais, wambais, of German origin: cf. MHG. wambeis, G. wams doublet, fr. OHG. wamba, stomach. See Womb.]
Defn: A defensive garment formerly in use for the body, made of cloth stuffed and quilted.
GAMBISTGam"bist, n. Etym: [It. gamba leg.] (Mus.)
Defn: A performer upon the viola di gamba. See under Viola.
GAMBITGam"bit, n. Etym: [F. gambit, cf. It. gambitto gambit, a tripping up.See Gambol, n.] (Chess Playing)
Defn: A mode of opening the game, in which a pawn is sacrificed to gain an attacking position.
GAMBLEGam"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gambled; p. pr. & vb. n. Gambling.]Etym: [Dim. of game. See 2d Game.]
Defn: To play or game for money or other stake.
GAMBLEGamble, v. t.
Defn: To lose or squander by gaming; — usually with away. "Bankrupts or sots who have gambled or slept away their estates." Ames.
GAMBLERGam"bler, n.
Defn: One who gambles.
GAMBOGEGam*boge", n.
Defn: A concrete juice, or gum resin, produced by several species of trees in Siam, Ceylon, and Malabar. It is brought in masses, or cylindrical rolls, from Cambodia, or Cambogia, — whence its name. The best kind is of a dense, compact texture, and of a beatiful reddish yellow. Taking internally, it is a strong and harsh cathartic ad emetic. [Written also camboge.]
Note: There are several kinds of gamboge, but all are derived from species of Garcinia, a genus of trees of the order Guttiferæ. The best Siam gamboge is thought to come from Garcinia Hanburii. Ceylon gamboge is from G. Morella. G. pictoria, of Western India, yields gamboge, and also a kind of oil called gamboge butter.
GAMBOGIAN; GAMBOGICGam*bo"gi*an, Gambogic, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, gamboge.
GAMBOL Gam"bol, n. Etym: [OE. gambolde, gambaulde, F. gambade, gambol, fr. It. gambata kick, fr. L. gamba leg, akin to F. jambe, OF. also, gambe, fr. L. gamba, hoof or perh. joint: cf. Gr. cam crooked; perh. akin to E. chamber: cf.F. gambiller to kick about. Cf. Jamb, n., Gammon ham, Gambadoes.]
Defn: A skipping or leaping about in frolic; a hop; a sportive prank.Dryden.
GAMBOLGam"bol v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gamboled, or Gambolled; p. pr. & vb. n.Gamboling or Gambolling.]
Defn: To dance and skip about in sport; to frisk; to skip; to play in frolic, like boys or lambs.
GAMBRELGam"brel, n Etym: [OF. gambe, jambe leg, F. jambe. Cf. Cambrel,Chambrel, and see Gambol. n.]
1. The hind leg of a horse.
2. A stick crooked like a horse's hind leg; — used by butchers in suspending slaughtered animals. Gambrel roof (Arch.), a curb roof having the same section in all parts, with a lower steeper slope and an upper and flatter one, so that each gable is pentagonal in form.
GAMBRELGam"brel v. t.
Defn: To truss or hang up by means of a gambrel. Beau. & Fl.
GAMBROONGam*broon", n.
Defn: A kind of twilled linen cloth for lining. Simmonds.
GAMEGame, a. Etym: [Cf. W. cam crooked, and E. gambol, n.]
Defn: Crooked; lame; as, a game leg. [Colloq.]
GAME Game, n. Etym: [OE. game, gamen, AS. gamen, gomen, play, sport; akin to OS., OHG., & Icel. gaman, Dan. gammen mirth, merriment, OSw. gamman joy. Cf. Gammon a game, Backgammon, Gamble v. i.]
1. Sport of any kind; jest, frolic. We have had pastimes here, and pleasant game. Shak.
2. A contest, physical or mental, according to certain rules, for amusement, recreation, or for winning a stake; as, a game of chance; games of skill; field games, etc. But war's a game, which, were their subject wise, Kings would not play at. Cowper.
Note: Among the ancients, especially the Greeks and Romans, there were regularly recurring public exhibitions of strength, agility, and skill under the patronage of the government, usually accompanied with religious ceremonies. Such were the Olympic, the Pythian, the Nemean, and the Isthmian games.
3. The use or practice of such a game; a single match at play; a single contest; as, a game at cards. Talk the game o'er between the deal. Lloyd.
4. That which is gained, as the stake in a game; also, the number of points necessary to be scored in order to win a game; as, in short whist five points are game.
5. (Card Playing)
Defn: In some games, a point credited on the score to the player whose cards counts up the highest.
6. A scheme or art employed in the pursuit of an object or purpose; method of procedure; projected line of operations; plan; project. Your murderous game is nearly up. Blackw. Mag. It was obviously Lord Macaulay's game to blacken the greatest literary champion of the cause he had set himself to attack. Saintsbury.
7. Animals pursued and taken by sportsmen; wild meats designed for, or served at, table. Those species of animals . . . distinguished from the rest by the well-known appellation of game. Blackstone. Confidence game. See under Confidence. — To make game of, to make sport of; to mock. Milton.
GAMEGame, a.
1. Having a resolute, unyielding spirit, like the gamecock; ready tofight to the last; plucky.I was game . . . .I felt that I could have fought even to the death.W. Irving.
2. Of or pertaining to such animals as are hunted for game, or to the act or practice of hunting. Game bag, a sportsman's bag for carrying small game captured; also, the whole quantity of game taken. — Game bird, any bird commonly shot for food, esp. grouse, partridges, quails, pheasants, wild turkeys, and the shore or wading birds, such as plovers, snipe, woodcock, curlew, and sandpipers. The term is sometimes arbitrarily restricted to birds hunted by sportsmen, with dogs and guns. — Game egg, an egg producing a gamecock. — Game laws, laws regulating the seasons and manner of taking game for food or for sport. — Game preserver, a land owner who regulates the killing of game on his estate with a view to its increase. [Eng.] — To be game. (a) To show a brave, unyielding spirit. (b) To be victor in a game. [Colloq.] — To die game, to maintain a bold, unyielding spirit to the last; to die fighting.
GAME Game, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gaming.] Etym: [OE. gamen, game, to rejoice, AS. gamenian to play. See Game, n.]
1. To rejoice; to be pleased; — often used, in Old English, impersonally with dative. [Obs.] God loved he best with all his whole hearte At alle times, though him gamed or smarte. Chaucer.
2. To play at any sport or diversion.
3. To play for a stake or prize; to use cards, dice, billiards, or other instruments, according to certain rules, with a view to win money or other thing waged upon the issue of the contest; to gamble.
GAMECOCKGame"cock`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The male game fowl.
GAME FOWLGame" fowl`. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A handsome breed of the common fowl, remarkable for the great courage and pugnacity of the males.
GAMEFULGame"ful, a.
Defn: Full of game or games.
GAMEKEEPERGame"keep`er, n.
Defn: One who has the care of game, especially in a park or preserve.Blackstone.
GAMELESSGame"less, a.
Defn: Destitute of game.
GAMELYGame"ly, adv.
Defn: In a plucky manner; spiritedly.
GAMENESSGame"ness, n.
Defn: Endurance; pluck.
GAMESOMEGame"some, a.
Defn: Gay; sportive; playful; frolicsome; merry. Shak.Gladness of the gamesome crowd. Byron.— Game"some*ly, adv.— Game"some*ness, n.
GAMESTERGame"ster, n. Etym: [Game + -ster.]
1. A merry, frolicsome person. [Obs.] Shak.
2. A person who plays at games; esp., one accustomed to play for a stake; a gambler; one skilled in games. When lenity and cruelty play for a kingdom, the gentlest gamester is the soonest winner. Shak.
3. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Obs.] Shak.
GAMETE Gam"ete (gam"et; ga*met"; the latter usually in compounds), n. [Gr. gameth` wife, or game`ths husband, fr. gamei^n to marry.] (Biol.)
Defn: A sexual cell or germ cell; a conjugating cell which unites with another of like or unlike character to form a new individual. In Bot., gamete designates esp. the similar sex cells of the lower thallophytes which unite by conjugation, forming a zygospore. The gametes of higher plants are of two sorts, sperm (male) and egg (female); their union is called fertilization, and the resulting zygote an oöspore. In Zoöl., gamete is most commonly used of the sexual cells of certain Protozoa, though also extended to the germ cells of higher forms.
GAMETOPHYTEGa*me"to*phyte, n. [Gamete + Gr. fyto`n plant.] (Bot.)
Defn: In the alternation of generations in plants, that generation or phase which bears sex organs. In the lower plants, as the algæ, the gametophyte is the conspicuous part of the plant body; in mosses it is the so-called moss plant; in ferns it is reduced to a small, early perishing body; and in seed plants it is usually microscopic or rudimentary.
GAMICGam"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or resulting from, sexual connection; formed by the union of the male and female elements.
GAMINGam"in, n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: A neglected and untrained city boy; a young street Arab.In Japan, the gamins run after you, and say, 'Look at the Chinaman.'L. Oliphant.
GAMINGGam"ing, n.
Defn: The act or practice of playing games for stakes or wagers; gambling.
GAMMAGam"ma, n.
Defn: The third letter (G) of the Greek alphabet.
GAMMADIONGam*ma"di*on, n.
Defn: A cross formed of four capital gammas, formerly used as a mysterious ornament on ecclesiastical vestments, etc. See Fylfot.
GAMMA RAYSGam"ma rays. (Physics)
Defn: Very penetrating rays not appreciably deflected by a magnetic or electric field, emitted by radioactive substances. The prevailing view is that they are non-periodic ether pulses differing from Röntgen rays only in being more penetrating.
GAMMER Gam"mer, n. Etym: [Possibly contr. fr. godmother; but prob. fr. grammer for grandmother. Cf. Gaffer.]
Defn: An old wife; an old woman; — correlative of gaffer, an old man.
GAMMON Gam"mon, n. Etym: [OF. gambon, F. jambon, fr. OF. gambe leg, F. jambe. See Gambol, n., and cf. Ham.]
Defn: The buttock or tight of a hog, salted and smoked or dried; the lower end of a flitch. Goldsmith.
GAMMONGam"mon, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gameed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gameing.]
Defn: To make bacon of; to salt and dry in smoke.
GAMMONGam"mon, n. Etym: [See 2d Game.]
1. Backgammon.
2. An imposition or hoax; humbug. [Colloq.]
GAMMONGam"mon, v. t.
1. To beat in the game of backgammon, before an antagonist has been able to get his "men" or counters home and withdraw any of them from the board; as, to gammon a person.
2. To impose on; to hoax; to cajole. [Colloq.] Hood.
GAMMONGam"mon, v. t. Etym: [Etymol. unknown.] (Naut.)
Defn: To fasten (a bowsprit) to the stem of a vessel by lashings of rope or chain, or by a band of iron. Totten.
GAMMONINGGam"mon*ing, n. Etym: [From 5th Gammon.] (Naut.)
Defn: The lashing or iron band by which the bowsprit of a vessel is secured to the stem to opposite the lifting action of the forestays. Gammoning fashion, in the style of gammoning lashing, that is, having the turns of rope crossed. — Gammoning hole (Naut.), a hole cut through the knee of the head of a vessel for the purpose of gammoning the bowsprit.
GAMMONINGGam"mon*ing, n. Etym: [From 4th Gammon.]
Defn: The act of imposing upon or hoaxing a person. [Colloq.]
GAMOGENESISGam`o*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. genesis.] (Biol.)
Defn: The production of offspring by the union of parents of different sexes; sexual reproduction; — the opposite of agamogenesis.
GAMOGENETICGam`o*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.)
Defn: Relating to gamogenesis.— Gam`o*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.
GAMOMORPHISMGam`o*mor"phism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)
Defn: That stage of growth or development in an organism, in which the reproductive elements are generated and matured in preparation for propagating the species.
GAMOPETALOUSGam`o*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. petalous: cf. F. gamopétale.] (Bot.)
Defn: Having the petals united or joined so as to form a tube or cup; monopetalous.
GAMOPHYLLOUSGa*moph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: Composed of leaves united by their edges (coalescent). Gray.
GAMOSEPALOUSGam`o*sep"al*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. sepal.] (Bot.)
Defn: Formed of united sepals; monosepalous.
GAMPGamp, n.
Defn: A large umbrella; —said to allude to Mrs. Gamp's umbrella, inDickens's "Martin Chuzzlewit."
GAMUT Gam"ut, n. Etym: [F. gamme + ut the name of a musical note. F. gamme is fr. the name of the Greek letter Gamma, and Ut.] (Mus.)
Defn: The scale.
GAMYGam"y, a.
1. (Cookery)
Defn: Having the flavor of game, esp. of game kept uncooked till near the condition of tainting; high-flavored.
2. (Sporting)
Defn: Showing an unyielding spirit to the last; plucky; furnishing sport; as, a gamy trout.
GANGan, imp. of Gin. Etym: [See Gin, v.]
Defn: Began; commenced.
Note: Gan was formerly used with the infinitive to form compound imperfects, as did is now employed. Gan regularly denotes the singular; the plural is usually denoted by gunne or gonne. This man gan fall (i.e., fell) in great suspicion. Chaucer. The little coines to their play gunne hie (i.e., hied). Chaucer.
Note: Later writers use gan both for singular and plural.Yet at her speech their rages gan relent. Spenser.
GANANCIAL Ga*nan"cial, a. [Sp., pertaining to gain, held in common, fr. ganancia gain.] (Law)
Defn: Designating, pertaining to, or held under, the Spanish system of law (called ganancial system) which controls the title and disposition of the property acquired during marriage by the husband or wife.
GANCHGanch, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. ganche, n., also Sp. & Pg. gancho hook,It. gancio.]
Defn: To drop from a high place upon sharp stakes or hooks, as theTurks dropped malefactors, by way of punishment.Ganching, which is to let fall from on high upon hooks, and there tohang until they die. Sandys.
GANDER Gan"der, n. Etym: [AS. gandra, ganra, akin to Prov. G. gander, ganter, and E. goose, gannet. See Goose.]
Defn: The male of any species of goose.
GANEGane, v. i. Etym: [See Yawn.]
Defn: To yawn; to gape. [Obs.] Chaucer.
GANESAGa*ne"sa, n. (Hind. Myth.)
Defn: The Hindoo god of wisdom or prudence.
Note: He is represented as a short, fat, red-colored man, with a large belly and the head of an elephant. Balfour.
GANGGang, v. i. Etym: [AS. gangan, akin to OS. & OHG. gangan, Icel.ganga, Goth. gaggan; cf. Lith. to walk, Skr. ja leg. sq. root48. CF.Go.]
Defn: To go; to walk.
Note: Obsolete in English literature, but still used in the North ofEngland, and also in Scotland.
GANGGang, n. Etym: [Icel. gangr a going, gang, akin to AS., D., G., &Dan. gang a going, Goth. gaggs street, way. See Gang, v. i.]
1. A going; a course. [Obs.]
2. A number going in company; hence, a company, or a number of persons associated for a particular purpose; a group of laborers under one foreman; a squad; as, a gang of sailors; a chain gang; a gang of thieves.
3. A combination of similar implements arranged so as, by acting together, to save time or labor; a set; as, a gang of saws, or of plows.
4. (Naut.)
Defn: A set; all required for an outfit; as, a new gang of stays.
5. Etym: [Cf. Gangue.] (Mining)
Defn: The mineral substance which incloses a vein; a matrix; a gangue. Gang board, or Gang plank. (Naut.) (a) A board or plank, with cleats for steps, forming a bridge by which to enter or leave a vessel. (b) A plank within or without the bulwarks of a vessel's waist, for the sentinel to walk on. — Gang cask, a small cask in which to bring water aboard ships or in which it is kept on deck. — Gang cultivator, Gang plow, a cultivator or plow in which several shares are attached to one frame, so as to make two or more furrows at the same time. — Gang days, Rogation days; the time of perambulating parishes. See Gang week (below). — Gang drill, a drilling machine having a number of drills driven from a common shaft. — Gang master, a master or employer of a gang of workmen. — Gang plank. See Gang board (above). — Gang plow. See Gang cultivator (above). — Gang press, a press for operating upon a pile or row of objects separated by intervening plates. — Gang saw, a saw fitted to be one of a combination or gang of saws hung together in a frame or sash, and set at fixed distances apart. — Gang tide. See Gang week (below). — Gang tooth, a projecting tooth. [Obs.] Halliwell. — Gang week, Rogation week, when formerly processions were made to survey the bounds of parishes. Halliwell. — Live gang, or Round gang, the Western and the Eastern names, respectively, for a gang of saws for cutting the round log into boards at one operation. Knight. — Slabbing gang, an arrangement of saws which cuts slabs from two sides of a log, leaving the middle part as a thick beam.
GANGE Gange, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ganged; p. pr. & vb. n. Ganging.] [Of uncertain origin.]
1. To protect (the part of a line next a fishhook, or the hook itself) by winding it with wire.
2. To attach (a fishhook) to a line or snell, as by knotting the line around the shank of the hook.
GANGERGang"er, n.
Defn: One who oversees a gang of workmen. [R.] Mayhew.
GANGETICGan*get"ic, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or inhabiting, the Ganges; as, the Gangetic shark.
GANG-FLOWERGang"-flow`er, n. (Bot.)
Defn: The common English milkwort (Polygala vulgaris), so called from blossoming in gang week. Dr. Prior.
GANGIONGan"gion, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]
Defn: A short line attached to a trawl. See Trawl, n.
GANGLIAC; GANGLIALGan"gli*ac, Gan"gli*al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Relating to a ganglion; ganglionic.
GANGLIATE; GANGLIATEDGan"gli*ate, Gan"gli*a`ted, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Furnished with ganglia; as, the gangliated cords of the sympathetic nervous system.
GANGLIFORM; GANGLIOFORMGan"gli*form`, Gan"gli*o*form`, a. Etym: [Ganglion + -form.] (Anat.)
Defn: Having the form of a ganglion.
GANGLION Gan"gli*on, n.; pl. L. Ganglia, E. Ganglions. Etym: [L. ganglion a sort of swelling or excrescence, a tumor under the skin, Gr. ganglion.]
1. (Anat.) (a) A mass or knot of nervous matter, including nerve cells, usually forming an enlargement in the course of a nerve. (b) A node, or gland in the lymphatic system; as, a lymphatic ganglion.
2. (Med.)
Defn: A globular, hard, indolent tumor, situated somewhere on a tendon, and commonly formed by the effusion of a viscid fluid into it; — called also weeping sinew. Ganglion cell, a nerve cell. See Illust. under Bipolar.
GANGLIONARYGan"gli*on*a*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ganglionnarie.] (Anat.)
Defn: Ganglionic.
GANGLIONICGan`gli*on"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ganglionique.] (Anat.)
Defn: Pertaining to, containing, or consisting of, ganglia or ganglion cells; as, a ganglionic artery; the ganglionic columns of the spinal cord.
GANGRELGan"grel, a. Etym: [Cf. Gang, v. i.]
Defn: Wandering; vagrant. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
GANGRENATEGan"gre*nate, v. t.
Defn: To gangrene. [Obs.]
GANGRENE Gan"grene, n. Etym: [F. gangrène, L. gangraena, fr. Gr. gras, gar, to devour, and E. voracious, also canker, n., in sense 3.] (Med.)
Defn: A term formerly restricted to mortification of the soft tissues which has not advanced so far as to produce complete loss of vitality; but now applied to mortification of the soft parts in any stage.
GANGRENEGan"grene, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Gangrened; p. pr. & vb. n.Gangrening.] Etym: [Cf. F. gangréner.]
Defn: To produce gangrene in; to be affected with gangrene.
GANGRENESCENTGan`gre*nes"cent, a.
Defn: Tending to mortification or gangrene.
GANGRENOUSGan"gre*nous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. gangréneux.]
Defn: Affected by, or produced by, gangrene; of the nature of gangrene.
GANGUEGangue, n. Etym: [F. gangue, fr. G. gang a metallic vein, a passage.See Gang, n.] (Mining)
Defn: The mineral or earthy substance associated with metallic ore.
GANGWAYGang"way`, n. Etym: [See Gang, v. i.]
1. A passage or way into or out of any inclosed place; esp., a temporary way of access formed of planks.
2. In the English House of Commons, a narrow aisle across the house, below which sit those who do not vote steadly either with the government or with the opposition.
3. (Naut.)
Defn: The opening through the bulwarks of a vessel by which persons enter or leave it.
4. (Naut.)
Defn: That part of the spar deck of a vessel on each side of the booms, from the quarter-deck to the forecastle; — more properly termed the waist. Totten. Gangway ladder, a ladder rigged on the side of a vessel at the gangway. — To bring to the gangway, to punish (a seaman) by flogging him at the gangway.
GANILGan"il, n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: A kind of brittle limestone. [Prov. Eng.] Kirwan.
GANISTER; GANNISTERGan"is*ter, Gan"nis*ter, n. (Mech.)
Defn: A refractory material consisting of crushed or ground siliceous stone, mixed with fire clay; — used for lining Bessemer converters; also used for macadamizing roads.
GANJAGan"ja, n. Etym: [Hind. ganjha.]
Defn: The dried hemp plant, used in India for smoking. It is extremely narcotic and intoxicating.
GANNETGan"net, n. Etym: [OE. gant, AS. ganet, ganot, a sea fowl, a fenduck; akin to D. gent gander, OHG. ganazzo. See Gander, Goose.](Zoöl.)
Defn: One of several species of sea birds of the genus Sula, allied to the pelicans.
Note: The common gannet of Europe and America (S. bassana), is also called solan goose, chandel goose, and gentleman. In Florida the wood ibis is commonly called gannet. Booby gannet. See Sula.
GANOCEPHALAGan`o*ceph"a*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)
Defn: A group of fossil amphibians allied to the labyrinthodonts, having the head defended by bony, sculptured plates, as in some ganoid fishes.
GANOCEPHALOUSGan`o*ceph"a*lous, a. (Paleon.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Ganocephala.
GANOIDGa"noid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to Ganoidei. — n. One of the Ganoidei. Ganoid scale (Zoöl.), one kind of scales of the ganoid fishes, composed of an inner layer of bone, and an outer layer of shining enamel. They are often so arranged as to form a coat of mail.
GANOIDALGa*noid"al, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Ganoid.
GANOIDEIGa*noi"de*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Ganoid.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the subclasses of fishes. They have an arterial cone and bulb, spiral intestinal valve, and the optic nerves united by a chiasma. Many of the species are covered with bony plates, or with ganoid scales; others have cycloid scales.
Note: They were numerous, and some of them of large size, in early geological periods; but they are represented by comparatively few living species, most of which inhabit fresh waters, as the bowfin, gar pike, bichir, Ceratodus, paddle fish, and sturgeon.
GANOIDIANGa*noid"i*an, a. & n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Ganoid.
GANOINEGa"no*ine, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A peculiar bony tissue beneath the enamel of a ganoid scale.
GANSAGan"sa, n.
Defn: Same as Ganza. Bp. Hall.
GANTLET Gant"let, n. [Gantlet is corrupted fr. gantlope; gantlope is for gatelope, Sw. gatlopp, orig., a running down a lane; gata street, lane + lopp course, career, akin to löpa to run. See Gate a way, and Leap.]
Defn: A military punishment formerly in use, wherein the offender was made to run between two files of men facing one another, who struck him as he passed. To run the gantlet, to suffer the punishment of the gantlet; hence, to go through the ordeal of severe criticism or controversy, or ill-treatment at many hands. Winthrop ran the gantlet of daily slights. Palfrey.
Note: Written also, but less properly, gauntlet.
GANTLETGant"let, n.
Defn: A glove. See Gauntlet.
GANTLINEGant"line`, n.
Defn: A line rigged to a mast; — used in hoisting rigging; a girtline.
GANTLOPEGant"lope`, n.
Defn: See Gantlet. [Obs.]
GANTRYGan"try, n.
Defn: See Gauntree.
GANZAGan"za, n. Etym: [Sp. gansa, ganso, goose; of Gothic origin. SeeGannet, Goose.]
Defn: A kind of wild goose, by a flock of which a virtuoso was fabled to be carried to the lunar world. [Also gansa.] Johnson.
GANZ SYSTEMGanz system
Defn: A haulage system for canal boats, in which an electric locomotive running on a monorail has its adhesion materially increased by the pull of the tow rope on a series of inclined gripping wheels.
GAOLGaol, n. Etym: [See Jail.]
Defn: A place of confinement, especially for minor offenses or provisional imprisonment; a jail. [Preferably, and in the United States usually, written jail.] Commission of general gaol delivery, an authority conferred upon judges and others included in it, for trying and delivering every prisoner in jail when the judges, upon their circuit, arrive at the place for holding court, and for discharging any whom the grand jury fail to indict. [Eng.] — Gaol delivery. (Law) See Jail delivery, under Jail.
GAOLERGaol"er, n.
Defn: The keeper of a jail. See Jailer.
GAP Gap, n. Etym: [OE. gap; cf. Icel. gap an empty space, Sw. gap mouth, breach, abyss, Dan. gab mouth, opening, AS. geap expanse; as adj., wide, spacious. See Gape.]
Defn: An opening in anything made by breaking or parting; as, a gap in a fence; an opening for a passage or entrance; an opening which implies a breach or defect; a vacant space or time; a hiatus; a mountain pass. Miseries ensued by the opening of that gap. Knolles. It would make a great gap in your own honor. Shak. Gap lathe (Mach.), a turning lathe with a deep notch in the bed to admit of turning a short object of large diameter. — To stand in the gap, to expose one's self for the protection of something; to make defense against any assailing danger; to take the place of a fallen defender or supporter. — To stop a gap, to secure a weak point; to repair a defect.
GAPGap, v. t.
1. To notch, as a sword or knife.
2. To make an opening in; to breach. Their masses are gapp'd with our grape. Tennyson.
GAPE Gape (; in Eng, commonly ; 277), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gaped ( or ); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaping] Etym: [OE. gapen, AS. geapan to open; akin to D. gapen to gape, G. gaffen, Icel. & Sw. gapa, Dan. gabe; cf. Skr. jabh to snap at, open the mouth. Cf. Gaby, Gap.]
1. To open the mouth wide; as: (a) Expressing a desire for food; as, young birds gape. Dryden. (b) Indicating sleepiness or indifference; to yawn. She stretches, gapes, unglues her eyes, And asks if it be time to rise. Swift. (c) Showing self-forgetfulness in surprise, astonishment, expectation, etc. With gaping wonderment had stared aghast. Byron. (d) Manifesting a desire to injure, devour, or overcome. They have gaped upon me with their mouth. Job xvi. 10.
2. To pen or part widely; to exhibit a gap, fissure, or hiatus. May that ground gape and swallow me alive! Shak.
3. To long, wait eagerly, or cry aloud for something; — with for, after, or at. The hungry grave for her due tribute gapes. Denham.
Syn.— To gaze; stare; yawn. See Gaze.
GAPEGape, n.
1. The act of gaping; a yawn. Addison.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The width of the mouth when opened, as of birds, fishes, etc. GAPES; THE GAPES The gapes. (a) A fit of yawning. (b) A disease of young poultry and other birds, attended with much gaping. It is caused by a parasitic nematode worm (Syngamus trachealis), in the windpipe, which obstructs the breathing. See Gapeworm.
GAPERGap"er, n.
1. One who gapes.
2. (Zoöl.) (a) A European fish. See 4th Comber. (b) A large edible clam (Schizothærus Nuttalli), of the Pacific coast; — called also gaper clam. (c) An East Indian bird of the genus Cymbirhynchus, related to the broadbills.
GAPESEEDGape"seed`, n.
Defn: Any strange sight. Wright.
GAPESINGGapes"ing ( or ), n.
Defn: Act of gazing about; sightseeing. [Prov. Eng.]
GAPEWORMGape"worm` ( or ), n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The parasitic worm that causes the gapes in birds. SeeIllustration in Appendix.
GAPINGSTOCKGap"ing*stock` ( or ), n.
Defn: One who is an object of open-mouthed wonder.I was to be a gapingstock and a scorn to the young volunteers.Godwin.
GAP-TOOTHEDGap"-toothed`, a.
Defn: Having interstices between the teeth. Dryden.
GAR Gar, n. Etym: [Prob. AS. gar dart, spear, lance. The name is applied to the fish on account of its long and slender body and pointed head. Cf. Goad, Gore, v.] (Zoöl.) (a) Any slender marine fish of the genera Belone and Tylosurus. See Garfish. (b) The gar pike. See Alligator gar (under Alligator), and Gar pike. Gar pike, or Garpike (Zoöl.), a large, elongated ganoid fish of the genus Lepidosteus, of several species, inhabiting the lakes and rivers of temperate and tropical America.
GARGar, v. t. Etym: [Of Scand. origin. See Gear, n.]
Defn: To cause; to make. [Obs. or Scot.] Spenser.
GARAGEGa`rage", n. [F.]
1. A place for housing automobiles.
2. (Aëronautics) A shed for housing an airship or flying machine; a hangar.
3. A side way or space in a canal to enable vessels to pass each other; a siding.
Garage is recent in English, and has as yet acquired no settledpronunciation.
GARAGEGa`rage", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garaged; p. pr. & vb. n. Garaging.]
Defn: To keep in a garage. [Colloq.]
GARANCINGar"an*cin (; 104), n. Etym: [F. garance madder, LL. garantia.](Chem.)
Defn: An extract of madder by sulphuric acid. It consists essentially of alizarin.
GARBGarb, n. Etym: [OF. garbe looks, countenance, grace, ornament, fr.OHG. garawi, garwi, ornament, dress. akin to E. gear. See Gear, n.]
1. (a) Clothing in general. (b) The whole dress or suit of clothes worn by any person, especially when indicating rank or office; as, the garb of a clergyman or a judge. (c) Costume; fashion; as, the garb of a gentleman in the 16th century.
2. External appearance, as expressive of the feelings or character; looks; fashion or manner, as of speech. You thought, because he could not speak English in the native garb, he could not therefore handle an English cudgel. Shak.
GARBGarb, n. Etym: [F. gerbe, OF. also garbe, OHG. garba, G. garbe; cf.Skr. grbh to seize, E. grab.] (Her.)
Defn: A sheaf of grain (wheat, unless otherwise specified).
GARBGarb, v. t.
Defn: To clothe; array; deck.These black dog-Dons Garb themselves bravely. Tennyson.
GARBAGE Gar"bage (; 48), n. Etym: [OE. also garbash, perh. orig., that which is purged or cleansed away; cf. OF. garber to make fine, neat, OHG. garawan to make ready, prepare, akin to E. garb dress; or perh. for garbleage, fr. garble; or cf. OF. garbage tax on sheaves, E. garb sheaf.]
Defn: Offal, as the bowels of an animal or fish; refuse animal or vegetable matter from a kitchen; hence, anything worthless, disgusting, or loathsome. Grainger.
GARBAGEGar"bage, v. t.
Defn: To strip of the bowels; to clean. "Pilchards . . . are garbaged." Holland.
GARBEDGarbed, a.
Defn: Dressed; habited; clad.
GARBELGar"bel, n. (Naut.)
Defn: Same as Garboard.
GARBELGar"bel, n. Etym: [Cf. Garble, v. t.]
Defn: Anything sifted, or from which the coarse parts have been taken. [Obs.]
GARBLE Gar"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Garbling.] Etym: [Formerly, to pick out, sort, OF. grabeler, for garbeler to examine precisely, garble spices, fr. LL. garbellare to sift; cf. Sp. garbillar to sift, garbillo a coarse sieve, L. cribellum, dim. of cribrum sieve, akin to cernere to separate, sift (cf. E. Discern); or perh. rather from Ar. gharbal, gharbil, sieve.]
1. To sift or bolt, to separate the fine or valuable parts of from the coarse and useless parts, or from dros or dirt; as, to garble spices. [Obs.]
2. To pick out such parts of as may serve a purpose; to mutilate; to pervert; as, to garble a quotation; to garble an account.
GARBLEGar"ble, n.
1. Refuse; rubbish. [Obs.] Wolcott.
2. pl.
Defn: Impurities separated from spices, drugs, etc.; — also called garblings.
GARBLERGar"bler, n.
Defn: One who garbles.
GARBOARDGar"board, n. (Naut.)
Defn: One of the planks next the keel on the outside, which form a garboard strake. Garboard strake or streak, the first range or strake of planks laid on a ship's bottom next the keel. Totten.
GARBOIL Gar"boil, n. Etym: [OF. garbouil; cf. Sp. garbullo, It. garbuglio; of uncertain origin; the last part is perh. fr. L. bullire to boil, E. boil.]
Defn: Tumult; disturbance; disorder. [Obs.] Shak.
GARCINIAGar*cin"i*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of plants, including the mangosteen tree (Garcinia Mangostana), found in the islands of the Indian Archipelago; — so called in honor of Dr. Garcin.
GARCONGar`çon", n. [F.]
Defn: A boy; fellow; esp., a serving boy or man; a waiter; — in Eng. chiefly applied to French waiters.
GARDGard, n. Etym: [See Garde, Yard]
Defn: Garden. [Obs.] "Trees of the gard." F. Beaumont.
GARDGard, v. & n.
Defn: See Guard.
GARDANTGar"dant, a. Etym: [F. See Guardant.] (Her.)
Defn: Turning the head towards the spectator, but not the body; — said of a lion or other beast.
GARDE CIVIQUEGarde` ci`vique". [F.]
Defn: See Army organization, above.
GARDENGar"den, n. Etym: [OE. gardin, OF. gardin, jardin, F. jardin, ofGerman origin; cf. OHG. garto, G. garten; akin to AS. geard. See Yardan inclosure.]
1. A piece of ground appropriates to the cultivation of herbs, fruits, flowers, or vegetables.
2. A rich, well-cultivated spot or tract of country. I am arrived from fruitful Lombardy, The pleasant garden of great Italy. Shak.
Note: Garden is often used adjectively or in self-explaining compounds; as, garden flowers, garden tools, garden walk, garden wall, garden house or gardenhouse. Garden balsam, an ornamental plant (Impatiens Balsamina). — Garden engine, a wheelbarrow tank and pump for watering gardens. — Garden glass. (a) A bell glass for covering plants. (b) A globe of dark-colored glass, mounted on a pedestal, to reflect surrounding objects; — much used as an ornament in gardens in Germany. — Garden house (a) A summer house. Beau & Fl. (b) A privy. [Southern U.S.] — Garden husbandry, the raising on a small scale of seeds, fruits, vegetables, etc., for sale. — Garden mold or mould, rich, mellow earth which is fit for a garden. Mortimer. — Garden nail, a cast nail used, for fastening vines to brick walls. Knight. — Garden net, a net for covering fruits trees, vines, etc., to protect them from birds. — Garden party, a social party held out of doors, within the grounds or garden attached to a private residence. — Garden plot, a plot appropriated to a garden. Garden pot, a watering pot. — Garden pump, a garden engine; a barrow pump. — Garden shears, large shears, for clipping trees and hedges, pruning, etc. — Garden spider, (Zoöl.), the diadem spider (Epeira diadema), common in gardens, both in Europe and America. It spins a geometrical web. See Geometric spider, and Spider web. — Garden stand, a stand for flower pots. — Garden stuff, vegetables raised in a garden. [Colloq.] — Garden syringe, a syringe for watering plants, sprinkling them with solutions for destroying insects, etc. — Garden truck, vegetables raised for the market. [Colloq.] — Garden ware, garden truck. [Obs.] Mortimer. — Bear garden, Botanic garden, etc. See under Bear, etc. — Hanging garden. See under Hanging. — Kitchen garden, a garden where vegetables are cultivated for household use. — Market garden, a piece of ground where vegetable are cultivated to be sold in the markets for table use.
GARDENGar"den, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gardened; p. pr. & vb. n. Gardening.]
Defn: To lay out or cultivate a garden; to labor in a garden; to practice horticulture.
GARDENGar"den, v. t.
Defn: To cultivate as a garden.
GARDENERGar"den*er, n.
Defn: One who makes and tends a garden; a horticulturist.
GARDENIAGarde"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of plants, some species of which produce beautiful and fragrant flowers; Cape jasmine; — so called in honor of Dr. Alexander Garden.
GARDENINGGar"den*ing, n.
Defn: The art of occupation of laying out and cultivating gardens; horticulture.
GARDENLESSGar"den*less, a.
Defn: Destitute of a garden. Shelley.
GARDENLYGar"den*ly, a.
Defn: Like a garden. [R.] W. Marshall.
GARDENSHIPGar"den*ship, n.
Defn: Horticulture. [Obs.]
GARDONGar"don, n. Etym: [F] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A European cyprinoid fish; the id.
GARDYLOOGar`dy*loo", n. Etym: [F. gare l'eau beware of the water.]
Defn: An old cry in throwing water, slops, etc., from the windows inEdingburgh. Sir. W. Scott.
GAREGare, n. Etym: [Cf. Gear.]
Defn: Coarse wool on the legs of sheep. Blount.
GAREFOWLGare"fowl`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The great auk; also, the razorbill. See Auk. [Written also gairfowl, and gurfel.]
GARFISH Gar"fish`, n. Etym: [See Gar, n.] (Zoöl.) (a) A European marine fish (Belone vulgaris); — called also gar, gerrick, greenback, greenbone, gorebill, hornfish, longnose, mackerel guide, sea needle, and sea pike. (b) One of several species of similar fishes of the genus Tylosurus, of which one species (T. marinus) is common on the Atlantic coast. T. Caribbæus, a very large species, and T. crassus, are more southern; - - called also needlefish. Many of the common names of the European garfish are also applied to the American species.
GARGALIZEGar"ga*lize, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Gargle, Gargarize.]
Defn: To gargle; to rinse. [Obs.] Marston.
GARGANEYGar"ga*ney, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A small European duck (Anas querquedula); — called also cricket teal, and summer teal.
GARGANTUANGar*gan"tu*an, a. Etym: [From Gargantua, an allegorical hero ofRabelais.]
Defn: Characteristic of Gargantua, a gigantic, wonderful personage; enormous; prodigious; inordinate.
GARGARISMGar"ga*rism, n. Etym: [F. gargarisme, L. gargarisma. See Gargarize.](Med.)
Defn: A gargle.
GARGARIZEGar"ga*rize, v. t. Etym: [F. gargarizare, fr. Gr.
Defn: To gargle; to rinse or wash, as the mouth and throat. [Obs.]Bacon.
GARGETGarget, n. Etym: [OE. garget, gargate, throat, OF. gargate. Cf.Gorge. The etymol. of senses 2, 3, & 4 is not certain.]
1. The throat. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. A diseased condition of the udders of cows, etc., arising from an inflammation of the mammary glands.
3. A distemper in hogs, indicated by staggering and loss of appetite. Youatt.
4. (Bot.)
Defn: See Poke.
GARGILGar"gil, n. Etym: [Cf. Garget, Gargoyle.]
Defn: A distemper in geese, affecting the head.
GARGLEGar"gle, n. (Arch.)
Defn: See Gargoyle.
GARGLEGar"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garggled, p. pr. & vb. n. Gargling (Etym: [F. gargouiller to dabble, paddle, gargle. Cf. Gargoyle,Gurgle.]
1. To wash or rinse, as the mouth or throat, particular the latter, agitating the liquid (water or a medicinal preparation) by an expulsion of air from the lungs.
2. To warble; to sing as if gargling [Obs.] Waller.
GARGLEGar"gle, n.
Defn: A liquid, as water or some medicated preparation, used to cleanse the mouth and throat, especially for a medical effect.
GARGOLGar"gol, n. Etym: [Cf. Gargil.]
Defn: A distemper in swine; garget. Mortimer.
GARGOULETTEGar`gou*lette", n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: A water cooler or jug with a handle and spout; a gurglet.Mollett.
GARGOYLE Gar"goyle, n. Etym: [OE. garguilie, gargouille, cf. Sp. gárgola, prob. fr. the same source as F. gorge throat, influenced by L. gargarizare to gargle. See Gorge and cf. Gargle, Gargarize.] (Arch.)
Defn: A spout projecting from the roof gutter of a building, often carved grotesquely. [Written also gargle, gargyle, and gurgoyle.]
GARGYLEGar"gyle, n. (Arch.)
Defn: See Gargoyle.
GARIBALDIGa`ri*bal"di, n.
1. A jacket worn by women; — so called from its resemblance in shape to the red shirt worn by the Italians patriot Garibaldi.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A California market fish (Pomancentrus rubicundus) of a deep scarlet color.
GARISH Gar"ish, a. Etym: [Cf. OE. gauren to stare; of uncertain origin. Cf. gairish.]
1. Showy; dazzling; ostentatious; attracting or exciting attention."The garish sun." "A garish flag." Shak. "In . . . garish colors."Asham. "The garish day." J. H. Newman.Garish like the laughters of drunkenness. Jer. Taylor.
2. Gay to extravagance; flighty.It makes the mind loose and garish. South.— Gar"ish*ly, adv.— Garish*ness, n. Jer. Taylor.
GARLAND Gar"land, n. Etym: [OE. garland, gerlond, OF. garlande, F. guirlande; of uncertain origin; cf. OHG. wiara, wiera, crown, pure gold, MHG. wieren to adorn.]
1. The crown of a king. [Obs.] Graffon.
2. A wreath of chaplet made of branches, flowers, or feathers, and sometimes of precious stones, to be worn on the head like a crown; a coronal; a wreath. Pope.
3. The top; the thing most prized. Shak.
4. A book of extracts in prose or poetry; an anthology. They [ballads] began to be collected into little miscellanies under the name of garlands. Percy.
5. (Naut.) (a) A sort of netted bag used by sailors to keep provision in. (b) A grommet or ring of rope lashed to a spar for convenience in handling.
GARLANDGar"land, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garlanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Garlanding.]
Defn: To deck with a garland. B. Jonson.
GARLANDLESSGar"land*less, a.
Defn: Destitute of a garland. Shelley.
GARLIC Gar"lic, n. Etym: [OE. garlek, AS. garleác; gar spear, lance + leác leek. See Gar, n., and Leek.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A plant of the genus Allium (A. sativum is the cultivated variety), having a bulbous root, a very strong smell, and an acrid, pungent taste. Each root is composed of several lesser bulbs, called cloves of garlic, inclosed in a common membranous coat, and easily separable.
2. A kind of jig or farce. [Obs.] Taylor (1630). Garlic mustard, a European plant of the Mustard family (Alliaria officinalis) which has a strong smell of garlic. — Garlic pear tree, a tree in Jamaica (Cratæva gynandra), bearing a fruit which has a strong scent of garlic, and a burning taste.
GARLICKYGar"lick*y, a.
Defn: Like or containing garlic.
GARMENT Gar"ment, n. Etym: [OE. garnement, OF. garnement, garniment, fr. garnir to garnish. See Garnish.]
Defn: Any article of clothing, as a coat, a gown, etc.No man putteth a piece of new cloth unto old garment. Matt. ix. 16.
GARMENTEDGar"ment*ed, p. a.
Defn: Having on a garment; attired; enveloped, as with a garment.[Poetic]A lovely lady garmented in light From her own beauty. Shelley.
GARMENTUREGar"men*ture, n.
Defn: Clothing; dress.
GARNERGar"ner, n. Etym: [OE. garner, gerner, greiner, OF. gernier, grenier,F. grenier, fr. L. granarium, fr. granum. See 1st Grain, and cf.Granary.]
Defn: A granary; a building or place where grain is stored for preservation.
GARNERGar"ner, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnered; p. pr. & vb. n. Garnering.]
Defn: To gather for preservation; to store, as in a granary; to treasure. Shak.
GARNET Gar"net, n. Etym: [OE. gernet, grenat, OF. grenet,grenat, F. grenat, LL. granatus, fr. L. granatum pomegranate, granatus having many grains or seeds, fr. granum grain, seed. So called from its resemblance in color and shape to the grains or seeds of the pomegranate. See Grain, and cf. Grenade, Pomegranate.] (Min.)
Defn: A mineral having many varieties differing in color and in their constituents, but with the same crystallization (isometric), and conforming to the same general chemical formula. The commonest color is red, the luster is vitreous, and the hardness greater than that of quartz. The dodecahedron and trapezohedron are the common forms.
Note: There are also white, green, yellow, brown, and black varieties. The garnet is a silicate, the bases being aluminia lime (grossularite, essonite, or cinnamon stone), or aluminia magnesia (pyrope), or aluminia iron (almandine), or aluminia manganese (spessartite), or iron lime (common garnet, melanite, allochroite), or chromium lime (ouvarovite, color emerald green). The transparent red varieties are used as gems. The garnet was, in part, the carbuncle of the ancients. Garnet is a very common mineral in gneiss and mica slate. Garnet berry (Bot.), the red currant; — so called from its transparent red color. — Garnet brown (Chem.), an artificial dyestuff, produced as an explosive brown crystalline substance with a green or golden luster. It consists of the potassium salt of a complex cyanogen derivative of picric acid.
GARNETGar"net, n. Etym: [Etymol. unknown.] (Naut.)
Defn: A tackle for hoisting cargo in our out. Clew garnet. See underClew.
GARNETIFEROUSGar`net*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [1st garnet + -ferous.] (Min.)
Defn: Containing garnets.
GARNIERITEGar"ni*er*ite, n. Etym: [Named after the French geologist Garnier.](Min.)
Defn: An amorphous mineral of apple-green color; a hydrous silicate of nickel and magnesia. It is an important ore of nickel.
GARNISH Gar"nish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnished; p. pr. & vb. n. Garnishing.] Etym: [OE. garnischen, garnissen, OF. garnir to provide, strengthen, prepare, garnish, warn, F. garnir to provide, furnish, garnish, — of German origin; cf. OHG. warnon to provide, equip; akin to G. wahren to watch, E. aware, ware, wary, and cf. also E. warn. See Wary, -ish, and cf. Garment, Garrison.]
1. To decorate with ornamental appendages; to set off; to adorn; to embellish. All within with flowers was garnished. Spenser.
2. (Cookery)
Defn: To ornament, as a dish, with something laid about it; as, a dish garnished with parsley.
3. To furnish; to supply.
4. To fit with fetters. [Cant] Johnson.
5. (Law)
Defn: To warn by garnishment; to give notice to; to garnishee. SeeGarnishee, v. t. Cowell.
GARNISHGar"nish, n.
1. Something added for embellishment; decoration; ornament; also, dress; garments, especially such as are showy or decorated. So are you, sweet, Even in the lovely garnish of a boy. Shak. Matter and figure they produce; For garnish this, and that for use. Prior.
2. (Cookery)
Defn: Something set round or upon a dish as an embellishment. SeeGarnish, v. t., 2. Smart.
3. Fetters. [Cant]
4. A fee; specifically, in English jails, formerly an unauthorized fee demanded by the old prisoners of a newcomer. [Cant] Fielding. Garnish bolt (Carp.), a bolt with a chamfered or faceted head. Knight.
GARNISHEEGar`nish*ee", n. (Law)
Defn: One who is garnished; a person upon whom garnishment has been served in a suit by a creditor against a debtor, such person holding property belonging to the debtor, or owing him money.
Note: The order by which warning is made is called a garnishee order.
GARNISHEE Gar`nish*ee", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnisheed (-ed); p. pr. & vb. n. Garnisheeing.] (Law) (a) To make (a person) a garnishee; to warn by garnishment; to garnish. (b) To attach (the fund or property sought to be secured by garnishment); to trustee.
GARNISHERGar"nish*er, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, garnishes.
GARNISHMENT Gar"nish*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. garnissement protection, guarantee, warning.]
1. Ornament; embellishment; decoration. Sir H. Wotton.
2. (Law) (a) Warning, or legal notice, to one to appear and give information to the court on any matter. (b) Warning to a person in whose hands the effects of another are attached, not to pay the money or deliver the goods to the defendant, but to appear in court and give information as garnishee.
3. A fee. See Garnish, n., 4.
GARNITUREGar"ni*ture, n. Etym: [F. garniture. See Garnish, v. t.]
Defn: That which garnishes; ornamental appendage; embellishment;furniture; dress.The pomp of groves and garniture of fields. Beattie.
GAROOKUHGa*roo"kuh, n.
Defn: A small fishing vessel met with in the Persian Gulf.
GAROUSGa"rous, a. Etym: [From Garum.]
Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, garum. Sir T. Browne.
GAR PIKE; GARPIKEGar" pike` or; Gar"pike`. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See under Gar.
GARRANGar"ran, n. Etym: [Gael. garrán, gearrán, gelding, work horse, hack.](Zoöl.)
Defn: See Galloway. [Scot. garron or gerron. Jamieson.]
GARRET Gar"ret, n. Etym: [OE. garite, garette, watchtower, place of lookout, OF. garite, also meaning, a place of refuge, F. guérite a place of refuge, donjon, sentinel box, fr. OF. garir to preserve, save, defend, F. guérir to cure; of German origin; cf. OHG. werian to protect, defend, hinder, G. wehren, akin to Goth. warjan to hinder, and akin to E. weir, or perhaps to wary. See Weir, and cf. Guerite.]